6061铝合金激光填丝焊接接头的组织与力学性能
２０１８年３月第４２卷第３期 Vol.４２No.３Mar.２０１８
DOI :１０.１１９７３/j x g ccl２０１８０３０１０
收稿日期:２０１６-０８-１０;修订日期:２０１７-０７-１６基金项目:上海市自然科学基金资助项目(１４ZR１４１８８００);上海汽车工业科技发展基金资助项目(１４０４);上海工程技术大学研究生科研创新项目(１５KY０５１３)作者简介:姜亦帅(１９８６-),男,山东青岛人,硕士研究生导师:杨尚磊教授６０６１铝合金激光填丝焊接接头的组织与力学性能
姜亦帅１,杨尚磊１,２,王妍１,杨智华１
(上海工程技术大学１．材料工程学院;２．
上海市高强激光智能加工装备关键技术产学研开发中心,上海２０１６２０)摘 要:通过显微硬度计二拉伸试验机二扫描电镜和X 射线衍射仪等研究了激光填丝焊接６mm 厚６０６１铝合金接头的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:焊缝中心区域的显微组织为等轴晶,由
α-Al 固溶体组成,无β(M g ２Si )
强化相析出,近熔合区的焊缝组织为柱状晶;焊接接头焊缝的硬度最低,约为７３HV ,母材的硬度最高,约为１１０HV ,随着距焊缝中心距离的增大,热影响区的硬度先呈波浪式增大,在距焊缝中心２．２ ３．８mm 处有所下降,
此外为热影响区软化区,在距焊缝中心３．８ ４．４mm 处又快速增大;
焊接接头的抗拉强度为２３４MPa ,约为母材的７１％,高于熔化极惰性气体保护焊接接头的;焊接接头均在焊缝处断裂,接头与母材均为韧性断裂.
关键词:铝合金;
激光焊接;显微组织;力学性能中图分类号:TG１４６．２ 文献标志码:A 文章编号:１０００-３７３８(２０１８)０３-００５２-０５Microstructure and Mechanical Pro p erties of ６０６１Aluminum Allo y Joint b y Laser Weldin g with Filler Wire
JIANG Yishuai １,YANG Shan g lei １,２,WANG Yan １,YANG Zhihua １
(１．Colle g e of Materials En g ineerin g ;２．Shan g hai Research &Develo p ment Center for Ke y Technolo g ies of Ultra-intense Laser Processin g ,Shan g hai Universit y of En g ineerin g Science ,Shan g hai ２０１６２０,China )Abstract :６０６１aluminum allo y with thickness of ６mm was welded b y laser weldin g with filler wire．The microstructure and mechanical p ro p erties of the welded j oint were studied b y micro-hardness and tensile testers ,scannin g electron microsco p e and X-ra y diffractometer．The results show that the microstructure of weld center was e q uiaxial g rains com p osed of α-Al solid solution and no β(M g ２Si )stren g thenin g p hase was found．The microstructure of the weld near fusion zone was columnar g rains．The hardness of the weld in the welded j oint was the lowest of ７３HV and that of base metal was the hi g hest of １１０HV．With the increase of the distance from the weld center ,the hardness in heat affected zone increased first in a wave mode ,then decreased at the p osition located at ２．２-３．８mm from the weld center ,namel y the softenin g zone in heat affected zone ,and finall y increased ra p idl y at the p osition located at ３．８-４．４mm from the weld center．The tensile stren g th of the welded j oint was ２３４MPa ,７１％of that of the base metal and hi g her than that of metal inert-g as weldin g j oint．The welded j oint both fractured at the weld and both the j oint and base metal fractured in ductile mode．Ke y words :aluminum allo y ;laser weldin g ;microstructure ;mechanical p ro p ert y
０ 引 言
铝合金具有密度小二比强度高二塑性成型性好二
焊接性能优良等优点,被广泛应用于造船二高铁二汽车制造二航空航天等领域[
１-５].６０６１铝合金属于Al-M g -Si 系铝合金,其主要强化相为β(M g ２Si )相,在高铁列车车身结构件中得到大量应用.目前,铝合
金的焊接方法有熔化极惰性气体保护(MIG )焊二钨极氩弧焊二搅拌摩擦焊二激光电弧复合焊等[６-１０],其中MIG 焊的应用范围最广,但该焊接工艺的焊接热输入大二焊接速度低,导致焊接热影响区宽,同时焊接过程中镁二硅等合金元素的蒸发使β强化相的数
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