交通运输经济学专业术语(中英文对照)
运输经济学名词解释

精心整理1、公共产品:——-P14是指不缴纳费用而人人都能享受的产品。
2、运输密度经济——-:P85是指当运输网络的幅员不变的条件下,运输产出扩大引起平均成本不断下降的现象。
3、运输管制:P2764、固定成本——-:P91固定支出是指在一定时期和一定运量范围内不随运粮增减变化,相对保持稳定不变的费用,如房屋建筑物维修费、管理费、计时工资、船舶或车辆折旧等。
5、外部成本:——-P92外部成本是指运输经营者及运输使用者不用直接支付的成本。
6、运输供给:——-P76指运输生产厂商在特定的时期内,在一定的价格水平上,愿意并有能力提供的各种运输7、8、间的比率9、。
10、1.2.动。
3.产业济;4.称。
5.6.7.征。
8.9.10.现代企业制度——建立适应市场经济要求,产权清晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学的现代企业制度11.产权——财产所有权与财产所有权有关的权利的总和。
12.产权关系——是产权主体之间,在财产占有、使用、收益、处分中发生的各种关系的总和。
13.产权制度——用以明确产权关系,界定产权管理职能,从而有效保证产权约束,最大限度维护和发展资产所有者利益的一整套组织规范和行为规范。
14.公司治理结构——公司治理结构可以理解为公司的组织制度和管理制度。
是指由所有者、董事会和高级执行人员即高级经理人员三者组成的一种组织结构。
15.运输企业集团——是由以交通运输为主要业务的企业组成的集团。
16.宏观调控——国家按照宏观调控管理目标,运用各种不同的调控手段和机制,对国民经济进行调节和控制。
17.运输政策——一国政府为实现一定时期的目标而制定的协调参与运输活动的各个经济主体利益关系的行为准则。
18.运输市场准入规范——对准备经营和正在经营运输业务的经营主体,审核和检验其经营资格。
19.运输业管理体制----国家为发展运输业而建立的一种管理体制,是运输资源配置、组织机构、责权划分、利益分配、运行机制,以及相互间关系的总和。
《运输经济学》课程专业词汇表

45
The Transport Economics
运输经济学
46
Micro-Economics
微观经济学
47
Principles
原理
48
The firm and the industry under perfect competition
完全竞争下的经营者及企业
49
Consumers
消费者
50
Firms
厂商
51
The demand curves
需求曲线
52
Output
产量
53
Price
价格
54
Marginal analysis
边际分析
55
Input decisions
投入决策
56
Production costs
产品成本
57
Demand and elasticity
需求和弹性
58
The MarketSystem
MarginalAnalysis
产出和价格的决策:边际分析的重要性
101
Maximization of Total Profit
总利润最大化
102
Marginal Analysis and Maximization of Total Profit
边际分析与总利润最大化
103
Marginal Revenue
限制市场力量
65
Antitrust policy
反托拉斯政策
66
Taxation
税收
67
Environmental protection
环境保护
物流货运常用英文及缩写对照

货运用语中英文对照外贸常见英文缩略词:1 CFR( costand freight)成本加运费价2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单4 D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单5 C.O(certificate of origin)一般原产地证6 G..(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打11 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等12 WT(weight)重量13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重14 .(net weight)净重15 C/D(customs declaration)报关单16 EA(each)每个,各17 W(with)具有18 w/o(without)没有19 FAC(facsimile)传真20 IMP(import)进口21 EXP(export)出口22 MAX(maximum)最大(de)、最大限度(de)23 MIN(minimum)最小(de),最低限度24 M或MED(medium)中等,中级(de)25 M/V(merchant vessel)商船26 (steamship)船运27 MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨28 DOC(document)文件、单据29 INT(international)国际(de)30 P/L(packing list)装箱单、明细表31 INV(invoice)发票32 PCT(percent)百分比33 REF(reference)参考、查价34 EMS(express mail special)特快传递35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB(renminbi)人民币38 S/M(shipping marks)装船标记39 PR或PRC(price)价格40 PUR(purchase)购买、购货41 S/C(sales contract)销售确认书42 L/C(letter of credit)信用证43 B/L(bill of lading)提单44 FOB(free on board)离岸价45 CIF(cost, insurance & freight)成本、保险加运费价船名(VES):vessel name航次(VOY): Voyage提单号(B/L NO): Bill of landing NO.装货港(POL): port of loading卸货港(POD): port of DISCHARGE目(de)港(DES): port of destination定舱单Booking doc:是指客户或者partner向我司递交(de)定舱单远洋航路、海上线:ocean line:已装船提单(Shipped on borad B/L)备用提单(Receivedfor Shipment B/L)清洁提单(Clean B/L)不清洁提单(Unclean or Foul B/L)直达提单(Direct B/L)转船提单(Transhipment B/L)联运提单(Through B/L)联合运输提单(Combined Transport B/L)记名提单( Straight B/L)不记名提单(Bearer B/L)指示提单(ORDER Order B/L)提单背书(Endorsment)航空运单(Airwaybill,简称AWB)集装箱(container)集装箱租赁(container leasing)集装箱装卸区(container terminal)空箱堆场(van pool)中转站或内路站(container depot or inland depot)集装箱货运站(container freight station 简称:CFS)是处理拼箱货(de)场所,它办理拼箱货(de)交接,配载积载后,将箱子送往CY,并接受CY交来(de)进口货箱,进行拆箱,理货,保管,最后拨给各收货人.同时也可按承运人(de)委托进行铅封和签发场站收据等业务.二.集装箱外尺寸(container's overall external dimensions)包括集装箱永久性附件在内(de)集装箱外部最大(de)长、宽、高尺寸.它是确定集装箱能否在船舶、底盘车、货车、铁路车辆之间进行换装(de)主要参数.是各运输部门必须掌握(de)一项重要技术资料. 集装箱堆场(container yard简称:CY):指办理集装箱重箱或空箱装卸,转运,保管,交接(de)场所.集装箱前方堆场(marshalling yard);集装箱后方堆场(container yard)托运人责任(shipper's liabilities)责任限制(limits of liability)网状责任制(network liability system)航运公会集装箱规则(container rules of freight conference)交接方式(receiving and delivery system)1、门到门(door to door): 由托运人负责装载(de)集装箱,在其货仓或厂库交承运人验收后,负责全程运输,直到收货人(de)货仓或工厂仓库交箱为止.这种全程连线运输,称为"门到门"运输.2 、门到场(door to cy): 由发货人货仓或工厂仓库至目(de)地或卸箱港(de)集装箱装卸区堆场.3、门到站(door to cfs): 由发货人货仓或工厂仓库至目(de)地或卸箱港(de)集装箱货运站.4、场到门(cy to door):由起运地或装箱港(de)集装箱装卸区堆场至收货人(de)货仓或工厂仓库.5、场到场(cy to cy):由起运地或装箱港(de)集装箱装卸区堆场至目(de)地或卸箱港(de)集装箱装卸区堆场.6、场到站(cy to cfs):由起运地或装箱港(de)集装箱装卸区堆场至目(de)地或卸箱港(de)集装箱货运站.7、站到门(cfs to door):由起运地或装箱港(de)集装箱货运站至收货人(de)货仓或工厂仓库.8、站到场(cfs to cy):由起运地或装箱港(de)集装箱货运站至目(de)地或卸箱港(de)集装箱装卸区堆场.9、站到站(cfs to cfs):由起运地或装箱港(de)集装箱货运站至目(de)地或卸箱港(de)集装箱货运站.整箱货(full container load 简称:FCL):拼箱货(de)相对用语.由发货人负责装箱、计数、积载并加铅封(de)货运.整箱货(de)拆箱,一般由收货人办理.但也可以委托承运人在货运站拆箱.可是承运人不负责箱内(de)货损、货差.除非货方举证确属承运人责任事故(de)损害,承运人才负责赔偿.承运人对整箱货,以箱为交接单位.只要集装箱外表与收箱时相似和铅封完整,承运人就完成了承运责任.整箱货运提单上,要加上"委托人装箱、计数并加铅封"(de)条款.拼箱货(less than container load 简称:LCL):整箱货(de)相对用语.装不满一整箱(de)小票货物.这种货物,通常是由承运人分别揽货并在集装箱货运站或内陆站集中,而后将两票或两票以上(de)货物拼装在一个集装箱内,同样要在目(de)地(de)集装箱货运站或内陆站拆箱分别交货.对于这种货物,承运人要负担装箱与拆箱作业,装拆箱费用仍向货方收取.承运人对拼箱货(de)责任,基本上与传统杂货运输相同.箱位数(number of slots):全集装箱船所能记载(de)集装箱箱数.每一艘全集装箱专用船,均以20英尺换算单位来表示它(de)载箱量.箱位(slots):在集装箱堆场上,按照集装箱相应(de)尺度画成有规则(de)用以指示堆放集装箱(de)格状位置.在箱位上编有号码,以利装船.排号(bay number):集装箱在专用船上(de)横排积载位置.编号方法,是从船首至船尾依此标明:01,02,03…….行号(row number):又称列号.集装箱在专用船上(de)纵列积载位置.有两种标号方法:一种是自左舷端向右依此标明:01,02……另一种是从中间(de)左右分标.左舷为单号,由中线向左编为:01,03,05……,中线向右舷编双号:02,04,06…….层号(tier number):集装箱在专用船上(de)立体积载位置.编号方法分甲板和仓内两种.甲板上(de)编号自上而下依此编号,并在数字前加quot;D"字.舱内(de)编号自上而下依此编号,并在数字前加一"H"字.箱位号(slot number):集装箱在船上(de)积载位置.由六个数字组成,前两个数字是排号,中间两个数字是行号,后两个数字是层号.例如箱位0402D1是表示这个集装箱积载在第四排右舷第二行甲板第一层.集装箱配载图(pre-stowage plan)站场收据(dock receipt)集装箱(container)散货集装箱(solid bulk container):冷藏集装箱(refrigerated container);冷冻集装箱(reefer container);保温集装箱(insulated container)板箱集装箱(platform container)集装箱外尺寸(container's overall external dimensions)集装箱内容积(container's unobstructed capacity)设备交接单(equipment receipt)基本港(Base Port)非基本港口(Non-Base Port)基本运费率(Basic Rate):运费率是每单位货物(de)价格,如每吨或每立方米即每运费吨(de)价格,也就是运费(de)单位.英文也可说成Freight UnitPrice.集装箱堆场(CY)集装箱货运站(CFS)集装箱货物托运单(CONTAINE R BOOKING NOTE)EXW工厂交货(……指定地点)FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港)FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港)FCA货交承运人(……指定地点)CIP运费和保险费付至(……指定目(de)地)CPT运费付至(……指定目(de)地)CIF成本、保险费加运费(……指定目(de)港)CFR成本加运费(……指定目(de)港)DEQ目(de)港码头交货(……指定目(de)港)DES目(de)港船上交货(……指定目(de)港)DDP完税后交货(……指定目(de)港)DDU未完税交货(……指定目(de)港)DAF边境交货(……指定地点)五.Incoterms(de)结构1990年,为了便于理解,将所有(de)术语分为4个基本不同(de)类型.第一组为“E”组(EX WORKS),指卖方仅在自己(de)地点为买方备妥货物;第二组“F”组(FCA、FAS和FO B),指卖方需将货物交至买方指定(de)承运人;第三组“C”组(CFR、CIF、CPT和CIP),指卖方须订立运输合同,但对货物灭失或损坏(de)风险以及装船和启运后发生意外所发生(de)额外费用,卖方不承担责任;第四组“D”组(DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU和DDP),指卖方须承担把货物交至目(de)地国所需(de)全部费用和风险.下表反映了这种分类方法:2000年国际贸易术语解释通则E组(发货)EXW 工厂交货(……指定地点) F组(主要运费未付)FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点)FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港)FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港) C组(主要运费已付)CFR 成本加运费(……指定目(de)港)CIF 成本、保险费加运费付至(……指定目(de)港)CPT 运费付至(……指定目(de)港)CIP 运费、保险费付至(……指定目(de)地)D组(到达)DAF 边境交货(……指定地点)DES 目(de)港船上交货(……指定目(de)港)DEQ 目(de)港码头交货(……指定目(de)港)DDU 未完税交货(……指定目(de)地)DDP 完税后交货(……指定目(de)地)主要货运单证及其制作(1)托运单(SHIPPING NOTE--B/N)有(de)地方称为“下货纸”,是托运人根据贸易合同和信用证条款内容填制(de),向承运人或其代理办理货物托运(de)单据.承运人根据托运单内容,并结合船舶(de)航线,挂靠港,船期和舱位等条件考虑,认为合适后,即接受托运.托运单制作应注意:(1)目(de)港:名称须明确具体,并与信用证描述一致,如有同名港时,须在港口名称后注明国家,地区或州,城市.如信用证规定目(de)港为选择港(OPTIONAL PORT S),则应是同一航线上(de),同一航次挂靠(de)基本港.(2)运输编号,即委托书(de)编号:每个具有进出口权(de)托运人都有一个托运代号(通常也是商业发票号),以便查核和财务结算..)货物名称应根据货物(de)实际名称,用中英文两种文字填写,更重要(de)是要与信用证所列货名相符.(4)标记及号码,又称唛头(SHIPPING MARK),是为了便于识别货物,防止错发货,通常由型号,图形货收货单位简称,目(de)港,件数或批号等组成.(5)重量尺码.重量(de)单位为公斤,尺码为立方米;(6)托盘货要分别注明盘(de)重量,尺码和货物本身(de)重量,尺码,对超长,超重,超高货物,应提供每一件货物(de)详细(de)体积(长,宽,高)以及每一件(de)重量,以便货运公司计算货物积载因素,安排特殊(de)装货设备.(7)运费付款方式.一般有运费预付(FREIGHT PREPAID)和运费到付(FREIGHT COLLEC T).有(de)转运货物,一程运输费预付,二程运费到付,要分别注明.(8)可否转船,分批,以及装期,效期等均应按信用证或合同要求一一注明.(9)通知人,收货人,按需要决定是否填.(10)有关(de)运输条款,订舱,配载信用证货客户有特殊要求(de)也要一一列明.2、装货单(SHIPPING ORDER--S/O)是接受了托运人提出装运申请(de)船公司,签发给托运人,凭以命令船长将承运(de)货物装船(de)单据.装货单既可作为装船依据,又是货主凭以向海关办理出口申报手续(de)主要单据之一.3、收货单(MATES RECEIPT--M/R),又称大副收据,是船舶收到货物(de)收据及货物已经装船(de)凭证.由于上述三份单据(de)主要项目基本一致,故在我国一些主要港口(de)做法是,将它们制成联单,一次制单,既可减少工作量,又可减少差错.4、装货清单(LOADING LIST)是承运人根据装货单留底,将全船待装货物按目(de)港和货物性质归类,依航次,靠港顺序排列编制(de)装货单汇总清单,是船上大副编制配载计划(de)主要依据,又是供现场理货人员进行理货,港方安排驳运,进出库场以及承运人掌握情况(de)业务单据.5、提货单(DELIVERY ORDER--D/O)又称小提单.收货人凭正本提单或副本提单随同有效(de)担保向承运人或其代理人换取(de),可向港口装卸部门提取货物(de)凭证.发放小提单时应做到:(1)正本提单为合法持有人所持有(2)提单上(de)非清洁批注应转上小提单.(3)当发生溢短残情况时,收货人有权向承运人或其代理获得相应(de)签证.(4)运费未付(de),应在收货人付清运费及有关费用后,方可放小提单.6、海运提单(BILL OF LADING--B/L)提单是承运人或其代理人应托运人(de)要求所签发(de)货物收据(RECEIPT OF GOODS),在将货物收归其照管后签发,证明已收到提单上所列明(de)货物;是一种货物所有权凭证(DOCUMENT OF TITLE).提单持有人可据以提取货物,也可凭此向银行押汇,还可在载货船舶到达目(de)港交货之前进行转让;是承运人与托运人之间运输合同(de)证明.提单正面内容及其含义(1)托运人(SHIPPER),一般为信用证中(de)受益人.如果开证人为了贸易上(de)需要,要求做第三者提单(THIRDPARTY B/L),也可照办.(2)收货人(CONSIGNEE),如要求记名提单,则可填上具体(de)收货公司或收货人名称;如属指示提单,则填为“指示”(ORDER)或“凭指示”(TO ORDER);如需在提单上列明指示人,则可根据不同要求,作成“凭托运人指示”(TO ORDER OF SHIPPER),“凭收货人指示”(TO ORDER OF CONSIGNEE)或“凭银行指示” (TO ORDER OF XX BANK). (3)被通知人(NOTIFY PARTY),这是船公司在货物到达目(de)港时发送到货通知(de)收件人,有时即为进口人.在信用证项下(de)提单,如信用证上对提单被通知人有权具体规定时,则必须严格按信用证要求填写.如果是记名提单或收货人指示提单,且收货人又有详细地址(de),则此栏可以不填.如果是空白指示提单或托运人指示提单则此栏必须填列被通知人名称及详细地址,否则船方就无法与收货人联系,收货人也不能及时报关提货,甚至会因超过海关规定申报时间被没收.(4)提单号码(B/L NO),一般列在提单右上角,以便于工作联系和查核.发货人向收货人发送装船通知(SHIPMENT ADVICE)时,也要列明船名和提单号码.(5)船名(NAME OF VESSEL),应填列货物所装(de)船名及航次.(6)装货港(PORT OF LOADING),应填列实际装船港口(de)具体名称.(7)卸货港(PORT OF DISCHARGE),填列货物实际卸下(de)港口名称.如属转船,第一程提单上(de)卸货港填转船港,收货人填二程船公司;第二程提单装货港填上述转船港,卸货港填最后目(de)港如由第一程船公司出联运提单(THROUGH B/L),则卸货港即可填最后目(de)港,提单上列明第一和第二程船名.如经某港转运,要显示“VIA X X”字样.在运用集装箱运输方式时,目前使用“联合运输提单”(COMBINED TRANSPORT B/L),提单上除列明装货港,卸货港外,还要列明“收货地”(PLACE OF RECEIPT),“交货地”(PLACE O F DELIVERY)以及“第一程运输工具”(PRE-CARRIAGE BY),“海运船名和航次”(OCEA N VESSEL,VOY NO).填写卸货港,还要注意同名港口问题,如属选择港提单,就要在这栏中注明.(8)货名(DISCRIPTION OF GOODS),在信用证项下货名必须与信用证上规定(de)一致. (9)件数和包装种类(NUMBER AND KIND OF PACKAGES),要按箱子实际包装情况填列. (10)唛头(SHIPPING MARKS),信用证有规定(de),必须按规定填列,否则可按发票上(de)唛头填列.(11)毛重,尺码(GROSS WEIGHT,MEASUREMENT),除信用证另有规定者外,一般以公斤为单位列出货物(de)毛重,以立方米列出货物体积.(12)运费和费用(FREIGHT AND CHARGES),一般为预付(FREIGHT PREPAID)或到付(F REIGHT COLLECT).如CIF或CFR出口,一般均填上运费预付字样,千万不可漏列,否则收货人会因运费问题提不到货,虽可查清情况,但拖延提货时间,也将造成损失.如系FOB出口,则运费可制作“运费到付”字样,除非收货人委托发货人垫付运费.(13)提单(de)签发,日期和份数:提单必须由承运人或船长或他们(de)代理签发,并应明确表明签发人身份.一般表示方法有:CARRIER,CAPTAIN,或“AS AGENT FOR THE CARRIE R:XXX”等.提单份数一般按信用证要求出具,如“FULL SET OF”一般理解成三份正本若干份副本.等其中一份正本完成提货任务后,其余各份失效.提单还是结汇(de)必需单据,特别是在跟单信用证结汇时,银行要求所提供(de)单证必须一致,因此提单上所签(de)日期必须与信用证或合同上所要求(de)最后装船期一致或先于装期.如果卖方估计货物无法在信用证装期前装上船,应尽早通知买方,要求修改信用证,而不应利用“倒签提单”,“预借提单”等欺诈行为取得货款.集装箱交接单:CCNI line 集装箱交接单派车提柜前,请务必先与有关码头,堆场联系确认,以避免空跑现象发生.CCNI LINE:2688-6782取放柜纸地址:蛇口新时代广场 23A前台取放柜纸时务必带S/O复印件.香港二程船名:CAP DOUKATO起运港:SHEKOU目(de)港:PUERTO QUETZALS/O NO..: BKCNSHK05537 / PRQ定舱单格式:TO: FROM:xx对外经济贸易公司ADD:xxTEL: FAX:托运单SHIPPING ORDER发货人: :Shipper:------------------------------收货人:Consignee-----------------------------地址:Address:------------------------------通知人:Notify party:------------------------装航期 :of Shipment:-----------------------------------------船由: 至:From:--------------------------------------------------- To:----------------------------------------------------------件数货名数量毛重净重体积Packages Description Of Goods Quantity . . MeasurementFREIGHT:COLLECT OR PREPAID注意事项:拖车,报关委托办理装柜地址,时间:OFC(海运费): Ocean freight charge USD490/40'GPEBS(塞港费):USD300/40'GPTHC(码头操作费):Terminal Handling Charges RMB1100/40'GPDOC(文件费):document charge RMB300/BILLSLF(封条费): Seal Fee RMB35/CONTAINERTLX(电放费):Telex Release RMB300/BILLCFS charge:场站费;装卸费用Air freight charge 空运费 X / KGBill charge 提单费 X / BILLAMS charge 美国911后收取(de)危险(de)费用 X / BILLPick-up charge 提货费 X / CARCustoms clearance charge 报关费 X / DOCExport license charge 出口许可证 X / DOCPLEASE REMIT TO:请寄款BANK NAME:银行名称ACCOUNT NO.:帐户号码AIR FREIGHT 空运费MASTER WAY BILL 航空公司主提单费DESTIANTION DUTY & TAX 目(de)地税金PACKING CHARGE 打包费DECLARATION 报关费。
交通行业术语中英文对照

交通行业术语(中英文对照)Stop-line——停车线A congested link——阻塞路段Weighting factor——权重因子Controller——控制器Emissions Model——排气仿真the traffic pattern——交通方式Controller——信号机Amber——黄灯Start-up delay——启动延误Lost time——损失时间Off-peak——非高峰期The morning peak——早高峰Pedestrian crossing——人行横道Coordinated control systems——协调控制系统On-line——实时Two-way——双向交通Absolute Offset——绝对相位差Overlapping Phase——搭接相位Critical Phase——关键相位Change Interval——绿灯间隔时间Flow Ratio——流量比Arterial Intersection Control 干线信号协调控制Fixed-time Control——固定式信号控制Real-time Adaptive Traffic Control——实时自适应信号控制Green Ratio——绿信比Through movement——直行车流Congestion——阻塞,拥挤The percentage congestion——阻塞率The degree of saturation——饱和度The effective green time——有效绿灯时间The maximum queue value——最大排队长度Flow Profiles——车流图示Double cycling——双周期Single cycling——单周期Peak——高峰期The evening peak periods——晚高峰Siemens——西门子Pelican——人行横道Fixed time plans——固定配时方案One-way traffic——单向交通Green Ratio——绿信比Relative Offset——相对相位差Non-overlapping Phase——非搭接相位Critical Movement——关键车流Saturation Flow Rate——饱和流率Isolated Intersection Control——单点信号控制(点控)Area-wide Control——区域信号协调控制Vehicle Actuated (VA)——感应式信号控制The Minimum Green Time——最小绿灯时间Unit Extension Time——单位绿灯延长时间The Maximum Green Time——最大绿灯时间Opposing traffic——对向交通(车流)Actuation——Control——感应控制方式Pre-timed Control——定周期控制方式Remote Control——有缆线控方式Self-Inductfanse——环形线圈检测器Signal—— spacing——信号间距Though-traffic lane——直行车道Inbound——正向Outbound——反向第一章交通工程—— Traffic Engineering运输工程—— Transportation Engineering铁路交通—— Rail Transportation航空交通—— Air Transportation水上交通—— Water Transportation管道交通—— Pipeline Transportation交通系统—— Traffic System交通特性—— Traffic Characteristics人的特性—— Human Characteristics车辆特性—— Vehicular Characteristics交通流特性—— Traffic Flow Characteristics道路特性—— Roadway Characteristics交通调查—— Traffic Survey交通流理论—— Traffic Flow Theory交通管理—— Traffic Management交通环境保护——Traffic Environment Protection 交通设计—— Traffic Design交通统计学—— Traffic Statistics交通心理学—— Traffic Psychology汽车力学—— Automobile Mechanics交通经济学—— Traffic Economics汽车工程—— Automobile Engineering人类工程—— Human Engineering环境工程—— Environment Engineering自动控制—— Automatic Control应用数学—— Applied Mathematics电子计算机—— Electric puter第二章公共汽车—— Bus无轨电车—— Trolley Bus有轨电车—— Tram Car大客车—— Coach小轿车—— Sedan载货卡车—— Truck拖挂车—— Trailer平板车—— Flat-bed Truck动力特性—— Driving Force Characteristics牵引力—— Tractive Force空气阻力—— Air Resistance滚动阻力—— Rolling Resistance坡度阻力—— Grade Resistance加速阻力—— Acceleration Resistance附着力—— Adhesive Force汽车的制动力—— Braking of Motor Vehicle自行车流特性—— Bicycle flow Characteristics 驾驶员特性—— Driver Characteristics刺激—— Stimulation感觉—— Sense判断—— Judgment行动—— Action视觉—— Visual Sense听觉—— Hearing Sense嗅觉—— Sense of Smell味觉—— Sense of Touch视觉特性—— Visual Characteristics视力—— Vision视野—— Field of Vision色彩感觉—— Color Sense眩目时的视力—— Glare Vision视力恢复—— Return Time of Vision动视力—— Visual in Motion亮度—— Luminance照度—— Luminance反应特性—— Reactive Characteristics刺激信息—— Stimulant Information驾驶员疲劳与兴奋—— Driving Fating and Excitability 交通量—— Traffic Volume交通密度—— Traffic Density地点车速—— Spot Speed瞬时车速—— Instantaneous Speed时间平均车速—— Time mean Speed空间平均车速—— Space mean speed车头时距—— Time headway车头间距—— Space headway0交通流模型—— Traffic flow model自由行驶车速—— Free flow speed阻塞密度—— Jam density速度-密度曲线—— Speed-density curve流量-密度曲线—— Flow-density curve最佳密度—— Optimum concentration流量——速度曲线—— Flow-speed curve最佳速度—— Optimum speed连续流—— Uninterrupted traffic间断流—— Interrupted traffic第三章交通调查分析—— Traffic survey and analysis交通流调查—— Traffic volume survey车速调查—— Speed survey通行能力调查—— Capacity survey车辆耗油调查—— Energy Consumption Survey居民出行调查—— Trip Survey车辆出行调查—— Vehicle Trip Survey停车场调查—— Parking Area Survey交通事故调查—— Traffic Accident Survey交通噪声调查—— Traffic Noise Survey车辆废气调查—— Vehicle Emission Survey平均日交通量—— Average Daily Traffic(ADT)周平均日交通量—— Week Average Daily Traffic月平均日交通量—— Month Average Daily Traffic年平均日交通量—— Annual Average Daily Traffic高峰小时交通量—— Peak hour Volume年最大小时交通量——Highest Annual Hourly Volume年第30位最高小时交通量——Thirtieth Highest Annual Hourly Volume高峰小时比率—— Peak Ratio时间变化—— Time Variation空间变化—— Spatial Variation样本选择—— Selection Sample样本大小—— Size of Sample自由度—— Freedom车速分布—— Speed Distribution组中值—— Mid-Class Mark累计频率—— Cumulative Frequency频率分布直方图——Frequency Distribution Histogram85%位车速—— 85% Percentile Speed限制车速—— Regulation Speed服务水平—— Level of Service牌照对号法—— License Number Matching Method跟车测速—— Car Following Method浮动车测速法——Moving Observer Speed Method通行能力调查—— Capacity Studies饱和流量—— Saturation Flow第四章泊松分布—— Poisson Distribution交通特性的统计分布—— Statistical Distribution of TrafficCharacteristics驾驶员处理信息的特性Driver Information Processing Characteristics跟车理论—— Car Following Theory交通流模拟—— Simulation of Traffic Flow间隔分布—— Interval Distribution二项分布—— Binomial Distribution拟合—— Fitting移位负指数分布—— Shifted Exponential Distribution排队论—— Queuing Theory运筹学—— Operations Research加速骚扰—— Acceleration Noise停车波—— Stopping Wave起动波—— Starting Wave第五章城市交通规划—— Urban Traffic Planning土地利用—— Land-Use可达性—— Accessibility起讫点调查—— Origin –Destination Survey出行端点—— Trip End期望线—— Desire Line主流倾向线—— Major Directional Desire Line调查区境界线—— Cordon Line分隔查核线—— Screen Line样本量—— Sample Size出行发生—— Trip Generation出行产生—— Trip Production出行吸引—— Trip Attraction发生率法—— Generation Rate Method回归发生模型—— Regression Generation Model类型发生模型—— Category Generation Model出行分布—— Trip Distribution现在型式法—— Present Pattern Method重力模型法—— Gravity Model Method行程时间模型—— Travel Time Model相互影响模型—— Interactive Model分布系数模型—— Distribution Factor Model交通方式划分—— Model Split , Mode Choice转移曲线—— Diversion Curve交通量分配—— Traffic Assignment最短路径分配(全有全无)Shortest Path Assignment(All-or-Nothing)多路线概率分配 Probabilistic Multi-Route Assignment线权—— Link Weight点权—— Point Weight费用——效益分析—— Cost –benefit Analysis现值法—— Present Value Method第六章交通安全—— Traffic Safety交通事故—— Traffic Accident交通死亡事故率—— Traffic Fatal-Accident Rate交通法规—— Traffic Law多发事故地点—— High accident Location交通条例—— Traffic Regulation交通监视—— Traffic Surveillance事故报告—— Accident Report冲撞形式—— Collision Manner财产损失—— Property Damage事故档案—— Accident File事故报表—— Accident Inventory固定目标—— Fixed Object事故率—— Accident Ratelxy事故数法——Accident Number Method质量控制法——Quality Control Method人行横道——Pedestrian Crosswalk行人过街道信号——Pedestrian Crossing Beacon人行天桥——Passenger Foot-Bridge人行地道——Passenger Subway栅栏——Gate立体交叉——Underpass(Overpass)标线——Marking无信号控制交叉口——Uncontrolled Intersection让路标志——Yield Sign停车标志——Stop Sign渠化交通——Channelization traffic 单向交通——One-Way 禁止转弯——No Turn Regulation 禁止进入——No-Entry 禁止超车——Prohibitory Overtaking 禁止停车——Prohibitory Parking 禁止通行——Road Closed 安全带——Life Belt第七章交通控制与管理——Traffic Control and Management 交通信号——Traffic Signal 单点定时信号——Isolated Pre-timed Signal 信号相位——Signal Phase 周期长度——Cycle Length 绿信比——Split 优先控制——Priority Control 延误——Delay 流量比——Flow Ratio 有效绿灯时间——Effective Green Time 损失时间——Loss Time 绿灯间隔时间——Intergreen Interval 信号配时——Signal Timing (or Signal Setting) 交通感应信号——Traffic Actuated Signal 城市交通控制系统——Urban Traffic Control System 联动控制——Coordinated Control 区域控制——Area Control 时差—— Offset同时联动控制——Simultaneous Coordinated Control交变联动控制—— Alternate Coordinated Control绿波带——Green Wave连续通行联动控制—— Progressive Coordinated Control中心控制器—— Master Controller局部控制器—— Local——Controller实时—— Real Time联机—— On-line脱机—— Off-line爬山法——Hill-Climbing“小型高效”区域控制系统——pact Urban Traffic Control System 道路控制系统—— Corridor Control System交通仿真—— Traffic Simulation时间扫描法—— Time Scanning事件扫描法—— Event Scanning。
交通工程专业词汇中英术语对照

交通工程专业词汇中英术语对照中英术语对照公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of-way高速公路freeway; expressway等级公路classified highway辅道relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accommodation highway国家干线公路(国道)national trunk highway省级干线公路(国道)provincial trunk highway 县公路(县道)county road乡公路(乡道)township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度operating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速)design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic 月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly 设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observation station起迄点调查(OD调查)origin-destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway 车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane separator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb;curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber;crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway 公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius of horizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段superelevation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient最小纵坡minimum longitudinal gradient变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradient视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance, stopping sight distance 超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection;grade crossing正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉"+"T形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection; staggered junctionY形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation, separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange 部分苜蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange 菱形立体交叉diamond interchange 定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-Leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp 交叉口road crossing;intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widened corners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channelization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人行地道pedestrian underpass人行天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence,safety barrier遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign 路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities防沙设施sands protection facilities隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design公路景观设计highway landscape design选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographic feature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass;saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance 导线traverse 导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外(矢)距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量leveling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation 地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake 地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry地面控制点测量ground control-point survey 航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-part fill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade (路基)最小填土高度minimum height of fill 边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope(边)坡顶top of slope(边)坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tierods锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil多年冻土permafrost流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基砂垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction(标准)最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting procedure抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock 爆破作用圈acting circles of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory (回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比(CBR)California bearing ratio,(CBR)路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层strengthening layer高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement沥青贯入碎(砾)石路面bituminous penetration pavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement 级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course 块石基层Telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method热铺法hot laid method冷铺法cold laid method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人行桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge 钢桥steel bridge 圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge 双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge刚构桥rigid frame bridgeT形刚构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续刚构桥continuous rigid frame bridge斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge with inclined legs 斜拉桥(斜张桥)cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam, stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈archring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system, bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion and contraction installation安全带safety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier 桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment, straight abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile foundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge 主桥main bridge 引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load 永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vehicle设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩flood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum (minimum)water level 通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water lever水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周wetted perimeter糙率coefficient of roughness水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查flood survey洪水频率flood frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever method 移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinal pulling method顶推法incremental launching method转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel 围岩surrounding rock隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of tunnels明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunnelling method沉埋法(沉管法)immersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road improvement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路面补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨surface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错法slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good roads养护质量综合值general rating of maintenance quality 路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理road administration民工建勤civilian labourers working on public project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料)aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone, crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen有机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture 沥青混凝土混合料bituminousconcrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-weight concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workability坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency(of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗度abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量)stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strengthtest软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strengthtest (水泥)安定性试验soundness test(of cement) 击实仪compaction test equipment 长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆弯沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear equipment加州承载比(CBR)测定仪California bearing ratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环-球法)softening point tester(ring-ball method)闪点仪(开口杯式)flash point tester (open cup method)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus (沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-dried moisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasion testing machine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal combustion compactor铁夯(铁撞柱)tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant (水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌concrete deliver truck 运输车水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter 水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner 水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer 水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extruding machine 钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine 钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawing jack手拉葫芦chain block 起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for full section 喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow Loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机Line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规则traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution 英汉术语对照索引abrasiveness磨耗度absolute datum绝对基面abutment桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load偶然荷载accommodation lane专用车道acoustic barrier隔音墙acting circles of blasting爆破作用圈 additional stake加桩adjacent curve in one direction同向曲线 admixture外加剂adverse grade for safety反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量 aerophoto base航摄基线aerophoto interpretation航摄像片判读 ageing老化aggregate集料(骨料)air hardening气硬性alignment design(城市道路)平面设计,线形设计alignment element线形要素alligator cracking路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead retaining wall锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic年平均日交通量 anti-creep heap(厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screen防炫屏(遮光栅)antiskid heap(厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span引桥aquitard隔水层arch bridge拱桥arch culvert拱涵arch ring拱圈arterial highway干线公路arterial road(厂内)主干道,(城市)主干路 asphalt distributor沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料拌和设备 asphalt paver沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer复拌沥青混合料摊铺机 asphalt sand沥青砂asphalt sprayer沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen地沥青at-grade intersection平面交叉auxiliary lane附加车道average consistency(of soil)(土的)平均稠度average gradient 平均纵坡azimuth angle方位角balance weight retaining wall衡重式挡土墙 base course基层base line基线basic traffic capacity基本通行能力beam bridge梁桥beam level deflectometer杠杆弯沉仪bearing支座bearing angle象限角bearing pile支承桩bearing platform承台bed course垫层bench mark水准点benched subgrade台口式路基bending strength抗弯强度Benkelman beam杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪) bent cap盖梁berm护坡道binder结合料binder course联结层bitumell沥青bitumen extractor(沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio油石比bituminous concrete mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete pavement沥青混凝土路面 bituminous macadam mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement沥青碎石路面bituminous mixture沥青混合料bituminous pavement沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement沥青贯入式路面bituminous surface treatment(沥青)表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blasting for loosening rock松动爆破blasting for throwing rock抛掷爆破blasting procedure土石方爆破bleeding泛油blind ditch盲沟blind drain盲沟block pavement块为路面block stone块石blow up拱胀boring钻探boring log(道路)地质柱状图boring machine钻孔机borrow earth借土borrow pit取土坑boundary frame on crossing道口限界架 boundary frame on road道路限界架boundary line of road construction道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge系杆拱桥box culvert箱涵branch pipe of inlet雨水口支管branch road(城市)支路,(厂内)支道bridge桥梁bridge decking桥面系bridge deck pavement桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation桥面伸缩装置bridge girder erection equipment架桥机 bridge on slope坡桥bridge site桥位bridge road驮道broken chainage断链broken stone碎石broken back curve断背曲线buried abutment埋置式桥台bus bay公交(车辆)停靠站bypass公交绕行公路cable bent tower索塔cable saddle索鞍cable stayed bridge斜拉桥(斜张桥) cableway erecting equipment缆索吊装设备california bearing ratio(CBR)加州承载比(CBR)california bearing ratio tester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber curve路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力 capacity of network路网通行能力capillary water毛细水carriage way车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen阳离子乳化沥青 cattle-pass畜力车道cement concrete水泥混凝土cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土混合料 cement concrete pavement水泥混凝土路面center-island中心岛center lane中间车道center line of road道路中线center line survey中线测量center stake中桩central reserve分隔带channelization渠化交通channelization island导流岛channelized intersection分道转弯式交叉口 chip石屑chute急流槽circular curve圆曲线circular road环路circular test环道试验city road城市道路civil engineering fabric土工织物classified highway等级公路classified road等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance净空clearance above bridge floor桥面净空 clearance of span桥下净空climatic zoning for highway公路自然区划 climbing lane爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange苜蓿叶形立体交叉 coal tar煤沥青cobble stone卵石coefficient of scouring冲刷系数cohesive soil粘性土cold laid method冷铺法cold mixing method冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system混合式道路系统 compaction压实compaction test击实试验compaction test apparatus击实仪 compactness test压实度试验composite beam bridge联合梁桥composite pipe line综合管道(综合管廊) compound curve复曲线concave vertical curve凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner(水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer(水泥混凝土)路面填缝机 concrete mixing plant水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机 concrete pump水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw(水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机cone penetration test触探试验conflict point冲突点conical slope锥坡consistency limit(of soil)(土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation固结construction by swing转体架桥法construction height of bridge桥梁建筑高度 construction joint施工缝construction load施工荷载construction survey施工测量continuous beam bridge连续梁桥contour line等高线contraction joint缩缝control point路线控制点converging合流convex vertical curve凸形竖曲线corduroy road木排道counterfort retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutment扶壁式桥台country road乡村道路county road县公路(县道),乡道creep徐变critical speed临界速度cross roads十字形交叉cross slope横坡cross walk人行横道cross-sectional profile横断面图cross-sectional survey横断面测量crown路拱crushed stone碎石crushing strength压碎值culture地物culvert涵洞curb路缘石curb side strip路侧带curve length曲线长curve widening平曲线加宽curved bridge弯桥cut挖方 cut corner for sight line(路口)截角cut-fill transition土方调配cut-fill transition program土方调配图 cutting路堑cycle path自行车道cycle track自行车道deceleration lane减速车道deck bridge上承式桥。
交通运输城市公共交通常用名词术语中英对照

交通运输城市公共交通常用名词术语中英对照1.1城市公共交通urban public transport城市中供公众乘用的、经济方便的各种交通方式的总称。
1.2公共交通方式public transport mode按公共交通工具类型划分的各种客运形式。
1.3城市公共交通系统urban public tranlport system由多种城市公共交通方式组成的有机总体。
1.4大运量客运系统mass transit system城市公共交通中,运送大量乘客的有机总体。
1.5快速轨道交通rail rapid transit(RRT)通常以电能为动力,采取轮轨运黑心方式的快速大运量公共交通之总称。
1.6地下铁道,地铁subway由于城市中的一种速度快、运量大、行车间隔小的电动有轨客运系统,其部分线路设一地下隧道内。
1.7单轨运输系统monorail transit system车厢跨骑或悬持在架空的单轨上,由电力驱动的轨道客运系统。
1.8新交通系统new transport system新开发的具有高速、准点、舒适和污染小的交通方式及其运行服务系统的总体。
1.9垂直运送系统vertical transit system沿铅直方向运送乘客的有机整体。
1.10应急公共交通系统emergency public transport system在非常时期为应变而组成的临时公共交通系统。
1.11城市客渡urban ferry在城市区域及邻近郊县内,以运送乘客为主,横渡江河、湖泊的水上交通方式。
1.12索道缆车客运cableway transport在以架空钢索为轨道的线路上,以电能为动力由钢索牵引载客工具的运输方式。
1.13轨道缆车客运funicular railway transport在坡面铺设的轨道上,以电能为动力由钢索牵引载客工具的运输方式。
1.14公共交通信息系统public transport information system与公共交通服务有关的信号、数据、显示等所构成的有机整体。
交通行业术语中英文对照

交通行业术语中英文对照在国际交流与合作中,交通行业术语的准确理解和正确使用至关重要。
为了使读者更好地掌握交通行业术语,本文将为您提供一些常用的交通行业术语的中英文对照。
一、道路交通1. 高速公路 (Highway/Expressway)高速公路是专门为车辆快速行驶而设计的道路。
高速公路主要分为城市高速公路和国家高速公路。
2. 城市道路 (Urban Road)城市道路是城市内的道路网络,连接城市主要交通枢纽和各个区域。
3. 堵车 (Traffic Jam)堵车是交通流量过大导致车辆行进缓慢或停滞的情况。
在高峰时段和拥堵路段经常会出现堵车现象。
4. 红绿灯 (Traffic Lights)红绿灯是交通信号灯的一种,用来控制交通流量,确保交叉路口交通的有序进行。
5. 交通事故 (Traffic Accident)交通事故是指由于交通参与者的不当行为或其他原因导致的车辆碰撞、伤亡或财产损失的事件。
二、公共交通1. 地铁 (Subway/Metro)地铁是一种地下铁路交通系统,通常用于城市之间或城市内部的快速交通。
2. 公交车 (Bus)公交车是一种城市公共交通工具,在固定的路线上按时发车,承载大量乘客。
3. 电车 (Tram)电车是一种以电力为动力源的城市轨道交通工具,通常在地面或者地下穿行。
4. 出租车 (Taxi/Cab)出租车是一种供乘客租用的轿车,通常以计价器计费,可根据乘客需求随时接送。
三、铁路交通1. 动车 (High-Speed Train)动车又称高铁,是一种运行速度较快的铁路客运交通工具,采用电力作为动力源。
2. 磁悬浮列车 (Maglev Train)磁悬浮列车是一种采用磁力悬浮技术的高速列车,不接触铁轨,具有较快的运行速度。
3. 火车站 (Train Station)火车站是铁路客运交通的场所,提供乘客上下车、购票、候车等服务。
四、航空交通1. 机场 (Airport)机场是航空交通的重要基础设施,提供飞机起降、运输、维护等服务。
交通运输城市公共交通常用名词术语中英对照

交通运输城市公共交通常用名词术语中英对照1.1城市公共交通urban public transport城市中供公众乘用的、经济方便的各种交通方式的总称。
1.2公共交通方式public transport mode按公共交通工具类型划分的各种客运形式。
1.3城市公共交通系统urban public tranlport system由多种城市公共交通方式组成的有机总体。
1.4大运量客运系统mass transit system城市公共交通中,运送大量乘客的有机总体。
1.5快速轨道交通rail rapid transit(RRT)通常以电能为动力,采取轮轨运黑心方式的快速大运量公共交通之总称。
1.6地下铁道,地铁subway由于城市中的一种速度快、运量大、行车间隔小的电动有轨客运系统,其部分线路设一地下隧道内。
1.7单轨运输系统monorail transit system车厢跨骑或悬持在架空的单轨上,由电力驱动的轨道客运系统。
1.8新交通系统new transport system新开发的具有高速、准点、舒适和污染小的交通方式及其运行服务系统的总体。
1.9垂直运送系统vertical transit system沿铅直方向运送乘客的有机整体。
1.10应急公共交通系统emergency public transport system在非常时期为应变而组成的临时公共交通系统。
1.11城市客渡urban ferry在城市区域及邻近郊县内,以运送乘客为主,横渡江河、湖泊的水上交通方式。
1.12索道缆车客运cableway transport在以架空钢索为轨道的线路上,以电能为动力由钢索牵引载客工具的运输方式。
1.13轨道缆车客运funicular railway transport在坡面铺设的轨道上,以电能为动力由钢索牵引载客工具的运输方式。
1.14公共交通信息系统public transport information system与公共交通服务有关的信号、数据、显示等所构成的有机整体。
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交通运输经济学专业术语(中英文对照)目录1. 绪论 (2)2. 交通运输需求 (2)3. 旅客与货物运输需求 (3)4. 城市交通需求 (4)5. 交通运输供给基础 (5)6. 交通运输基础设施与运载工具供给 (6)7. 城市公共交通供给 (6)8. 交通运输市场 (7)9. 交通运输外部性与政府作用 (8)10. 交通运输成本 (9)11. 交通运输价格 (10)12. 交通运输项目投资评价 (10)13. 交通运输固定资产折旧与设备更新 (11)14. 交通运输企业经济活动分析 (12)1.绪论重商主义:(mercantilism)重农主义:(physiocracy)古典经济学:(classical economics)新古典经济学:(Neoclassical economics)经济人:(HomoEconomicus)微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)稀缺:(scarcity)市场经济:(market economy)计划经济:(command economy)混合经济:(mixed economy)实证经济学:(positive economics)规范经济学:(normative economics) 2.交通运输需求需求:(demand)需求数量:(quantity demanded)价格:(price)个人需求:(personal demand)市场需求:(market demand)需求表:(demand schedule)需求法则:(law of demand)替代效应:(substitution effect)收入效应:(income effect)需求曲线:(demand curve)收入:(income)正常商品:(normal good)劣等商品:(inferior good)替代品:(substitute)互补品:(complement)消费偏好:(consumer preference)弹性:(elasticity)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)需求弹性:(elasticity of demand)需求收入弹性:(income elasticity demand)奢侈品:(luxuries)生活必需品:(necessities)劣等商品:(inferior good)需求交叉弹性:(cross elasticity of demand)消费选择:(consumer choice)边际效用递减规律:(law of diminishing marginal utility)总效用:(total utility)边际效用:(marginal utility)消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)消费者偏好:(consumer preference)无差异曲线:(indifference curve)消费者预算线:(consumer budget line)消费者均衡:(equilibrium for consumer)价格消费曲线:(price consumption curve)交通运输需求:(derivative demand)3.旅客与货物运输需求旅客运输需求:(passenger transport demand)客运广义费用:(ceneralized passenger transport cost)货物运输需求:(foreight transport demand)货物广义费用:(generalized freight)4.城市交通需求城市:(city)城市地区:(urbanized area)城市人口:(urban population)城市聚集效应:(habitat benefit)城市规模:(urban scale)交通出行:(traffic)旅客运输:(passenger transportation)交通出行需求:(traffic demand)交通出行广义费用:(generalized travel cost)交通拥挤:(traffic congestion)出行形态:(trip pattern)城市交通结构:(traffic model structure)交通需求管理:(Transportation Demand Mangement)基于时间的道路收费:(time-based road pricing)基于距离的道路收费:(distance-based road pricing)基于拥挤的道路收费:(congestion-based road pricing)停车换乘:(park-and-ride)车辆共用:(car-sharing)公共交通优先措施:(public transit priority)交通宁静措施:(traffic calming)高载客车道:(High Occupancy Vehicle,HOV)停车管理措施:(car-parking planning)行人非机动车措施:(pedestrian and non-motorized transport measurement)可变信息信号:(Variable Message Signs,VMS)匝道控制:(ramp metering)5.交通运输供给基础供给:(supply)供给数量:(quantity supplied)供给表:(supply schedule)个别供给:(individual supply)市场供给:(market supply)供给法则:(law of supply)供给曲线:(supply curve)价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)供给弹性:(elasticity of supply)厂商:(firm)生产要素:(factors of production)固定投入:(fixed input)可变投入:(variable input)生产函数:(production function)短期:(short run)长期:(long run)总产量:(Total Product,TP)平均产量:(Average Product,AP)边际产量:(Marginal Product,MP)等产量曲线:(equal-product curve)等成本线:(equal-cost line)生产者均衡:(producer equilibrium)规模经济:(economies of scale)规模报酬递增:(increasing returns to scale)规模报酬不变:(constant returns to scale)规模报酬递减:(decreasing returns to scale)规模不经济:(diaeconomies of scale)范围经济:(economies of scope)范围不经济:(diseconomies of scope)私人物品:(private goods)竞争性:(rivalry in consumption)排他性:(excludability)公共物品:(public goods)搭便车:(free ride)俱乐部物品:(club goods)公共资源:(common resources)公地悲剧:(tragedy of the commons)交通运输供给:(transportation supply)6.交通运输基础设施与运载工具供给建设-经营-移交模式:(Builder-Operate-Transfer,BOT)建设-拥有-经营模式:(Build-Own-Operate,BOO)建设-拥有-经营-移交模式:(Build-Own-Operate-Transfer,BOOT)建设-移交模式:(Build-Transfer,BT)移交-经营-移交模式:(Transfer-Operate-Transfer,TOT)公司合作模式:(Public Private Parternership,PPP)运输改进方案:(transportation improvement program)长期交通规划:(Financially Constrained Lon Range Transportation Plan) 7.城市公共交通供给城市公共交通:(urban public traffic)无轨电车:(trolley bus)快速公交:(Bus Rapid Transit,BRT)地下铁道:(metro)轻轨交通:(Light Rail Transit,LRT)有轨电车:(tramway)市郊铁路:(Rapid Rail Transit,RRT)班车:(regular bus)公交优先:(Public Transportation Priority)8.交通运输市场市场均衡:(market equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)市场出清价格:(market-clearing price)蛛网模型:(cobweb model)总收益:(Total Revenue,TR)平均收益:(Average Revenue,AR)边际收益:(Marginal Revenue,MR)完全竞争市场:(perfect competition market)价格遵从着:(price taker)价格制定者:(price maker)完全垄断市场:(perfect monoploy market)反垄断法:(anti-trust law)垄断竞争市场:(monopolistic competition market)主观需求曲线:(subjective demand curve)客观需求曲线:(objective demand curve)寡头垄断市场:(oligopoly market)纯粹寡头:(pureoligopoly)差别寡头:(differentiated oligopoly)博弈论:(game theory)策略:(strategies)勾结:(collusion)卡特尔:(cartel)博弈人:(player)策略集合:(strategy set)得益:(payoff)结果:(outcome)均衡:(equilibrium)纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)混合策略:(mixed strategies)交通运输市场:(transportation market)9.交通运输外部性与政府作用帕累托最优:(Pareto optimality)公平:(fairness)生产效率:(production efficiency)技术效率:(technical)经济效率:(economic)外部性:(externality)正外部性:(positive)负外部性:(negative)市场失灵:(market failure)互补性市场:(complementary markets)经济职能:(economics function)公共提供:(public provision)交易成本:(transaction cost)社会保险:(social insurance)社会福利:(social welfare)财政政策:(fiscal policy)货币政策:(monetary policy)汇率政策:(exchange policy)认识时滞:(recognition lag)汇率政策:(exchange policy)认识时滞:(recognition lag)决策时滞:(secision lag)执行与生效时滞:(Execution &Effecring lag)经济租:(economic rent)寻租:(rent-seeking)政策管制:(governmental regulation)税收归宿:(tax incident)补贴:(subsidy)限制区域执照系统:(Area Licensing Scheme,ALS)公共电子收费系统:(Electronic Road Pricing,ERP)10.交通运输成本机会成本:(opportunity cost)会计成本:(account cost)显性成本:(explicit cost)隐性成本:(implicit cost)经济成本:(economic cost)沉没成本:(sunk cost)增量成本:(incremental cost)私人成本:(private cost)外部成本:(external cost)社会成本:(social cost)固定成本:(fixed cost)可变成本:(variable cost)总成本:(total cost)平均固定成本:(Average Fixed Cost ,AFC)平均可变成本:(Average Variable Cost,AVC)平均成本:(Average Cost,AC)边际成本:(Marginal Cost,MC)短期成本:(short-run cost)长期成本:(long-run cost)成本曲线:(cost-curve)成本不可归依性:(untraceability)联合成本:(joint cost)共同成本:(common cost)11.交通运输价格均衡价格:(equilibrium price)均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)市场出清状态:(market-cleaning)支持价格:(price floor)过剩:(surplus)限制价格:(price ceiling)短缺:(shortage)交通运输价格:(transport price)歧视定价:(discrimination pricing)12.交通运输项目投资评价资金时间价值:(time value of money)终值:(future value)现值:(present value)利息:(interest)本金:(principal)利率:(interest rate)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)有效利率:(effective interest interest rate)年值:(annual value)现金流量:(cash flow)资金等值:(capital equivalence)净现值:(Net Present Value,NPV)折现率:(discount rate)内部收益率:(Internal Rate of Return,IRR)盈亏平衡点:(Break-Even Point,BEP)敏感性分析:(sensitivity analysis)敏感性因素:(sensitive factor)风险:(risk)概率:(probability)期望值:(expected value)方差:(variance)标准差:(standard deviation)财务评价:(financial evaluation)现金流量表:(statement of cash flows)经济评价:(economic evaluation)影子价格:(shadow price)13.交通运输固定资产折旧与设备更新固定资产:(fixed assets)损耗:(abrasion)有形损耗:(tangible abrasion of equipment)固定资产的无形损耗:(intangible abrasion of equipment)综合损耗:(compehensive abrasion of equipment)物理寿命:(physical life)技术寿命:(technical life)经济寿命:(economical life)折旧寿命:(depreciation life)折旧基数:(depreciation base)使用寿命:(useful life)净残值:(net calvage value)直线折旧法:(straight-line depreciation)双倍余额递减法:(double declining balance depreciation)年数总和法:(sum-of-the-years-digits depreciation)定率递减余额法:(Fixed Rate on Delining Balance Depreciation)偿债基金法:(Sinking Fund Depreciation)14.交通运输企业经济活动分析人力资源:(human resource)可持续发展:(sustainable development)环境承载力:(environment bearing capacity)。