动名词使用全解

动名词使用全解
动名词使用全解

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。

特征:动词原形+ing构成,具有名词,动词一些特征

一、动名词的作用

动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、作主语

Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。

Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。

动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如:

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

动名词作主语的几种类型

动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。

动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:

1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:

Swimming is a good sport in summer.

2. 用it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

动名词做主语时,不太常用it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:

It is no use telling him not to worry.

常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesti ng,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。

注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。

3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:

There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。

4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:

No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)

No parking. (禁止停车)

5. 动名词的复合结构作主语

当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

6.例词

shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词

二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:

Smoking is not good for health.

It is not good for you to smoke so much.

注意:

1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。

2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:

It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.

*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.

3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:

Does your saying that mean anything to him?

*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?

4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:

There is no telling what will happen.

It is impossible to tell what will happen.

5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:

Seeing is believing.

*To see is to believe.

2、作宾语

(1)作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非谓语动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, r esist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insis t on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,escape 等。如:

They went on walking and never stopped talking.

他们继续走,说个不停。

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.

在海滩上走真是乐事。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic re gulations.

每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

(2)作介词的宾语

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为

下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?

(3)作形容词的宾语

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多

听几遍。

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的

运动会忙着做准备。

3、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the wi ndows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Bein

g laughed at is what I hate most.)

4、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:

a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing

a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading

a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measu ring

sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping。

二、动名词的逻辑主语

带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如:

Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(= That she came to help encouraged all of us.)

Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)

What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。(=What’s troublin g them is that they have not enough food.) 在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如:Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗?

The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求

儿子上大学。

Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。

His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。

在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:

a.无命名词

The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。

b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义

Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗?

c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列

Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗?

1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如:

I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。

2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如:

I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。

3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。

(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。如:

I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如:

I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如:

Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。

I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。

Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。

(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。如:

I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被

带到过这个动物园,可我忘了。

(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,b

eing不可省略。如:

She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。

四、常见题型:

1)动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语

例:

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C;换成your calling也对)

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involve s; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; pr actice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

5)另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法

it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothin g worse than; what’s the use/point...

6)有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing

形式,但意义截然不容。

例:

remember to do/doing:

①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)

②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)

forget与remember的用法类似。

regret的用法:

①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)

②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了―二十年前的离开‖而遗憾。)

try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):

①You really must try to overcome your shyness.

②Try practicing five hours a day.

五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同

动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:

Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .

(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。

She hates speaking in the public.

(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。

区别:

1?动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:

①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于―是‖,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:

My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)

②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:

The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.

2?动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:

动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质?状态或动作等?试比较:

①a swimming boy和a swimming suit

前者的意思是―一个正在游泳的男孩‖,即a boy who is swimming ,现在分词sw imming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是―游泳衣‖,即a suit for swimmi ng , 动名词swimming表示suit 的用途?

②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car

前者的意思是―一个正在睡觉的孩子‖,即a child who is sleeping ,现在分词sle eping 表示被修饰名词child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是―卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)‖,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词sleeping 表示car 的用途?

动名词的用法

动名词的用法及练习 你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun);但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article,如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article,如a, an),其他可加在动名词前的还有如:my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下: 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow;coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词;但它和真正的名词还是有区别的,那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过,有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔,如:saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔,方法就是在它们的后面加个s,如:paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子: Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词,但前面有副词carelessly(粗心地),后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意:Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ) 2. Running is good exercise. (主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 主语置于句尾用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染). 用It is 后接no use. no good, fun 等的句型 1. It is no use learning theory without practice. 2. It is no fun being lost in rain. 用It is 后接useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型 1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration. 用There + be + no + v-ing 的句型 1. There is no joking about such matters. 2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处) 二、动名词也可以作宾语(Object) 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面) 1. I cannot help laughing. (我禁不住笑了起来)(宾语laughing) 2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling) 3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking) 注意:上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有:dislike 厌恶admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承认

不定式、动名词、过去分词 作定语的用法

不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的 (1)We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意:是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。 (1) He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of. (6) She has nothing to worry about.

初中英语动名词的用法

初中英语动名词的用法 动名词,即“动词原形+ing ”变成名词使用,具有双重性,既有动词的某些特征,有动词的各种变化形式;又有名词的某些性质,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 一、动名词的名词的性质 1. 作主语 动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式: 1) 直接作为主语。 例如: Taking exercise everyday is a good habit. Finding work is difficult these days. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking (散步)作为句子主语,直接出现。句意:散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。] 2) 用it 作形式主语,真正的主语作为后置主语。 例如: It isn't easy trying to climb the mountain. [ 句中It 作为形式主语,动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有:better,wonderful ,enjoyable,interesting,foolish ,

difficult ,useless,senseless,worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外,还有一种句型为: It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如: It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式,There是引导词,作为形式 主语,动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如: There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中,动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如: No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在其前面加上所有 格, 使之变成复合结构,可作为句中主语。 例如:

既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词

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动名词(Gerund) 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词+ ing构成,否定形式为not doing,兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。 一、动名词保留着动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化。其时态语态形式如 二、动名词相当于名词,在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语 1、作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来,所以,动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如: Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 注意:动名词作主语时,对于一些比较长的动名词短语,一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如: It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。 There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no denying that she is very efficient.她效率高是不容否认的。 2、作定语 动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如: swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料 walking stick 手杖floating needle 浮针 opening speech 开幕词listening aid 助听器 waiting room 候车室working people 劳动人民 3、作表语 动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等。例如: His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. (动名词) 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。

只能跟动名词的动词

巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 (一)跟不定时作宾语的动词有:打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记!(二)跟动名词作宾语的动词有:考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise)避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend)面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind) 允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟(put off/delay/postphone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insist on)要想象(imagine/fancy)还有词组feel like 和can’t stand!瞧!,我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧! (三)在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require, stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同,巧记一句话(记住努力;后悔忘记;需要停止;很有意义),学习采用对比法: remember to do something记着去做某事(现在还没有做) remember doing something记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事) try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果) stop to do something 开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事) stop doing something停止做某事(停止正在做的事) regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔 情态动词的口诀: Can 可以,Could 过去 May 和 Might两准许 Must have to 两必须 Should 表应该 Need 需不需 had better 最好去 看见动词就问三个问题: 1. 这个动作啥时候发生的,用什么时态? 2. 这个动作谁发出的?人称是单数还是复数? 3. 这个动词属于哪类动词?(动词分四类:实义,连系,情态,助动词) 英语必备时态时间标志口诀集锦 1. 一般现在时:“总经常有每没(美眉^^)复星周”(借鉴毕春艳老师) 总:always, usually等 经常:often 有:sometimes (记住,“有”不是have,而是“有时”) 每:every week/month/year 等 没:never 复星周:on Mondays, on Tuesdays等 2. 一般过去时:“昨天上个XX(读作叉叉)前,in加年份when字连”(原创) 昨天:yesterday,后面可以加morning, afternoon,evening等 上个:last,后面可以加week, month,year等 XX前:ago,前面可以加three weeks/months/years ago in加年份:in 2009/2008/1986/1220等,2010前全用一般过去时,后年2012前就都是过去时了,2012,世界末日?电影看多了。

(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法(可编辑修改word版)

现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)A s L il y m i ss e d t h e b u s,s h e w a s l a t e f o r t h e c l a ss. M i ss i n g t h e b u s,s h e w a s l a t e f o r t h e c l a ss. 2)A s t h e s t u d e n t w a s s c o l d e d b y t h e t e a c h e r,s h e f e l t unh a pp y. s c o l d e d b y t h e t e a c h e r,s h e f e l t unh a pp y. 一、现在分词 (一)现在分词的定义: 现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing 形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing 形式组成。具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。 (二)现在分词的功能与用法: 1.作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 e.g. a running boy → a boy who is r unning an old man standing there →an old man who is standing there 例如: The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2.作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at 2)使役动词:have get make 注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to 的不定式作宾补)。 eg. I saw Thomas playing computer games . Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3.作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest 等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing 形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed 形式。这类词常见的有: interesting 使人感到高兴— interested 感到高兴的 exciting 令人激动的— excited 感到激动的

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