美国文学欣赏Washington_Irving
After drinking some of their liquor, he settles down under a shady tree and falls asleep. He wakes and returns to his village, where he finds twenty years have passed. He finds out that his wife has died and that his close friends have died in a war or gone somewhere else.
Rip Van Winkle
2. “Rip Van Winkle”
(1) introduction (2) Rip Van Winkle: the protagonist (3) The plot
(1) introduction
similar to a 3rd-century Chinese tale of Ranka retold in Lionel Giles in A Gallery of Chinese Immortals part of a collection entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon
6. the first American literary humorist 7. the first modern short story writer
8. the first to write history and biography as
entertainment
9. His use of the gothic looks
treaty of peace with England
after the Revolutionary War.
Irving's mother was born in England
studied law amused himself by writing for periodicals From 1804 to 1806 his older brothers financed his tour of France and Italy.
named for George Washington; his parents
were admirers of General Washington.
Irving was born in 1783, the
year in which Benjamin
Franklin signed at Paris the
a colossal 5-volume biography
of George Washington
a biography of Christopher Columbus is still considered a classic.
Irving’s grave
III. Major Works
Under the pseudonym Diedrich
Knickerbocker, he published A
History of New York (1809), a
satire that has been called the
first great book of comic literature written by an American.
(1809: A History of New York《纽约外 史》 1820: The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. 《见闻札记》 Two folktales: “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”(《睡 谷传奇》) 1822: Bracebridge Hall《布雷斯勃列 奇庄园》 1824: Tales of a Traveller 《游客谈》 1835: A Tour of the Prairies《大草原 游记》
purposes
------------------------------------------------------------------------belletrist n. 纯文学作者
5. the first American writer to earn his living solely by his pen
IV. Literary Achievements V. Style VI. Contributions
I. Position in American literature
Father of American literature
1. the first American (true) literary writer 2. the first American man of letters
climax.
many authors well known for it including
Edgar Allan Poe, 埃德加· 爱伦· 坡
O Henry, 欧· 亨利
Ernest Hemingway, 海明威
Poe first theorized on the structure and purpose of the short story.
(3) The plot
One autumn day he escapes his nagging wife by wandering up the mountains.
There he encounters strangely dressed men,
rumored to be the ghosts of Henry Hudson's
In 1820, Irving published The Sketch Book under the pseudonym Geoffrey Crayon.
The hit book made Irving the
first American author to gain
real fame in Europe.
The short story usually deals
with a single episode and
often a single character.
The short story frequently
also lacks denouement (n. 结
局 ), ending instead at its
The stories (including “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”) appeared serially in 1819– 20.
Their enthusiastic reception made Irving the best-known figure in American literature both at home and abroad.
Literature
the true Father of American Literature
II. life and literary career
Born: 3 April 1783 Birthplace: New York, New York Died: 28 November 1859
3. America’s first genuine internationally bestselling a belletrist in American literature, writing for pleasure at a
time when writing was practical and for useful
The story is set in the years before and after the American Revolutionary War.
(2) Rip Van Winkle: the protagonist
a villager of Dutch descent lives in a nice village at the foot of New York's Catskill Mountains an amiable man whose home and farm suffer from his lazy neglect he is loved by all but his wife
forward to Poe.
10. the messenger sent from the new world to the old world
11. “the American Goldsmith”
Mark Twain also is called
the Father of American
Washington Irving (1783-1859)
“Rip Van Winkle” （《瑞普· 温克尔》) 凡·
Washington Irving(1783-1859)
I. Position in American literature II. Life
III. Works
In search of colorful
Washington Irving 课件
In
1815,driven by his sorrow ,
Irving sailed again for
England,thus began remain
abroad for 17 years.
---- Made By Wang Tao
content
Character analyse
Theme
The significance
★ Content ★来自The story is set in 1790 ,happened in a valley called Sleepy Hollow. The valley known as Sleepy Hollow hides from the world in the high hills of New York State. A legend believed dy many people here is about a man who rides a horse at night. The man in this story died many years ago during the American revolutionary war. His head was shot off. Every night he rises from his burial place, jumps on his horse and rides through the valley looking for his missing head. The novel tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a sycophantic, lean, lanky, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer, Baltus Van Tassel.
washington_irving(美国文学,常耀信,华盛顿欧文)
The Father of American Literature
范莉
济宁学院外国语系
Landscape design
Traveling
Bachelor
Washington Irving
(1783-1859)
Writing
lawyer Diplomacy
P47
Irving is the first belletrist in American
literature, writing for pleasure at a time when writing was practical and for useful purposes. He is the first American literary humorist. He has written the first modern short stories. He is the first to write history and biography as entertainment. He introduced the nonfiction prose as a literary genre. His use of the gothic looks forward to Poe.
Rip Van Winkle is a short story by Washington Irving published in 1819, as well as the name of the story's fictional protagonist. It was part of a collection of stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon. The story has become a part of cultural mythology: even for those who have never read the original story, "Rip Van Winkle" means either a person who sleeps for a long period of time, or one who is inexplicably (perhaps even blissfully) unaware of current events.
英美文学-欧文Washington Irving
Unit 1 Washington Irving作家介绍：华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving，1783 年4 月3 日–1859年11月28日)，出生于纽约一个富商家庭。
幼年体弱多病，16岁辍学，先后在几个律师事务所学法律，但对法律并没有兴趣，喜爱文学、旅游。
1806年在弗吉尼亚州任律师，并与律师霍夫曼的女儿玛蒂尔达订婚。
妻子早逝于1809年，后来虽有过几次恋爱，却一直过着独身生活。
欧文的第一部重要作品是《纽约外史》。
1820年，他的《见闻札记》出版，引起欧洲和美国文学界的重视，也奠定了他在美国文学史上的地位。
该作品包含了他最为脍炙人口的名篇《瑞普·凡·温克尔》和《睡谷的传说》。
晚年他在曾描写过的睡谷附近度过。
因其对美国文学的巨大贡献，欧文被尊称为“美国文学之父”。
内容摘要：瑞普·凡·温克尔是一个心底善良、和蔼可亲的人。
他乐于帮助别人，但在自己家里却十分懒惰。
有一天，为了躲避唠叨凶悍的妻子，他独自到附近的赫德森河畔兹吉尔山上去打猎。
途中，他巧遇了当年发现这条河的赫德森船长及其伙伴，在喝了他们的仙酒后，睡了一觉。
醒后下山回家，才发现时间已过了整整二十年，人世沧桑，一切都十分陌生。
原本闭塞的山村现在一片沸腾，到处是演说、传单、竞选。
恍惚中，瑞普发现酒店招牌上英王乔治的画像变了。
红色的上衣变成了蓝黄色，手中的王笏变成宝剑，头冠三角帽，下面是”华盛顿将军”的字眼。
经过一番曲折后，瑞普终于知道，他现在已由英王的臣民变成”合众国的一个自由的公民”。
但对所有这些变化，瑞普无动于衷，因为他最担心的是家“女人的专政”。
作品导读：《瑞普·凡·温克尔》出自欧文的《见闻札记》。
该作品是作家最知名的代表作，包括小说、散文、杂感等32篇，以幽默风趣的笔调和富于幻想的浪漫色彩，描写了英国和美国古老的风俗习惯以及善良淳朴的旧式人物。
作家喜欢田园生活和古代遗风，爱写随笔和短篇小说，尤为关注奇闻轶事和穷乡僻壤的风俗习惯。
华盛顿欧文WashingtonIrving解析
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a
short story by Washington Irving
contained in his collection The Sketch
Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.,
written while he was living in Birmingham,
(1783—1856)
--made by xxx
• The STRUCTURE of The PPT
• 1·His life • 2·His career and works • 3·His style • 4·His Contribution to American literature
Washington Irving was born on April 3,1783 into a wealthy New York merchant family,the youngest son of the family with 11 children.
Plot Summary of “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”
• The story is set in 1790 in the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town，New York，in a secluded（与世隔绝的） glen（峡 谷） called Sleepy Hollow. It tells the story of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky（过分瘦长的）, and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut（康涅狄格州 Bones" Van Brunt, the rowdy town, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer.
英美文学Washington Irving
LIFE EXPERIENCE
He was the US ambassador to Spain until 1846. On the 28th of November, 1859, Irving suffered a heart attack and died at the age of 76.
LIFE EXPERIENCE
When he grew older, he longed to travel. Tales of voyages became his passion.
LIFE EXPERIENCE
In 1798,, there was a outbreak of yellow fever(黄热病), so Irving went to stay with a friend in Terrytown. Nearby, he discovered the small town, Sleepy Hollow.
LIFE EXPERIENCE
Washington, the youngest of eleven children, being sickly in childhood, was not sent to school. His English-born mother had him educated at home. Three of his siblings died.
In 1809
Hedaughter, Matilda Hoffman. After she died , he continued writing.
…
He rarely signed his own name to his works, he enjoyed creating personas and narrators that readers could relate to.
美国文学欣赏WashingtonIrving
(3) The plot
❖ One autumn day he escapes his nagging wife by wandering up the mountains.
❖ There he encounters strangely dressed men, rumored to be the ghosts of Henry Hudson's crew, who are playing nine-pins.
❖ The stories (including “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”) appeared serially in 1819– 20.
❖ Their enthusiastic reception made Irving the best-known figure in American literature both at home and abroad.
❖ The first American author to win international recognition
❖ The first prose stylist of American romanticism
❖ In his Sketch Book appeared the first modern American short stories.
❖ part of a collection entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon
❖ The story is set in the years before and after the American Revolutionary War.
Washington-Irving剖析
1. short story
A prose narrative that is brief in nature
It also has many of the same characteristics of a novel including characters, setting and plot.
When he was 19, he published his “Jonathan Oldstyle” satires of New York life.
When he was 23, he was admitted to the New York bar. And his older brothers financed his tour of France and Italy.
However, due to length constraints, these characteristics and devices generally may not be as fully developed or as complex as those developed for a full-length novel. The short story usually deals with a single episode and often a single character.
The Van Tassel stronghold was situated on the banks of the Hudson, in one of those green, sheltered, fertile nooks in which the Dutch farmers are so fond of nestling. A great elm tree spread its broad branches over it, at the foot of which bubbled up a spring of the softest and sweetest water. Hard by the farmhouse was a vast barn, every window and crevice of which seemed bursting forth with the treasures of the farm. Rows of pigeons were enjoying the sunshine on the roof. Sleek unwieldy porkers were grunting in the repose and abundance of their pens. A stately squadron of snowy geese were riding in an adjoining pond, convoying whole fleets of ducks; regiments of turkeys were gobbling through the farmyard.
introduct Washington_Irving华盛顿_欧文
Washington Irving：Founder of American Literature美国文学之父——华盛顿·欧文华盛顿·欧文生于1783年4月3日，死于1859年11月28日，他是美国最早的浪漫主义作家之一，他以笔记、小说和传记而闻名，是第一位获得国际声誉的美国作家。
欧文汲取欧洲文化和文学的精华，创造了自己独特的风格，其文笔清新、自然、诙谐、富于乐感。
欧文在短篇小说等诸多方面为独立的美国文学做出了巨大贡献，可以说，是欧文激活了美国文学的创作潜力，为美国文学的发展奠定了坚实基础。
作为一名享有声誉的随笔作家、传记作者、历史学家、作家和政治家，华盛顿·欧文被誉为“美国文学之父”，同时他也是现代短篇散文、小说的发起人之一。
欧文以他的短篇故事“睡谷的传说”和“瑞普·凡·温克”而闻名，这两个故事都被收录在《见闻札记》一书中。
《纽约外史》对美国喜剧文学有着首次并及其重要的贡献，一经面世就获得极大成功，对于促进美国民族文学的发展有着重要的贡献，这部作品被认为美国浪漫主义的开端。
这些给欧文带来相当大的声誉和经费报酬。
他的历史作品包括《华盛顿传》、《哥尔德斯密斯传》和《穆罕默德及其继承者》，他的传记类作品也包括关于十五世纪西班牙主题的历史人物，例如哥伦布、摩尔人和阿尔罕伯拉。
总体来说，欧文的作品带给世代读者极大的享受。
他因幽默风趣的轶事笔调，轻松的文体风格而闻名，文笔优雅自然、带有温和的怀旧色调。
除了优雅的风格，他也因轻松、清新精致、和富于幻想的浪漫色彩吸引了国内外观众。
他的文学成就可以概括为以下几点：1、他是美国文学史上第一个纯文学作者，也是美国第一个幽默作家。
2、他成就了美国文学短篇小说体裁。
3、他是第一个以娱乐消遣为目的写历史和传记的人。
4、他引进非小说的散文文学体裁。
5、他是第一个获得国际声誉的美国想象文学作家。
美国浪漫主义文学：美国浪漫主义时期开始于十八世纪末,到内战爆发为止, 是美国文学史上最重要的时期。
英美文学考点(美国文学部分)
. 美国文学部分浪漫主义时期The Romantic Period第一位：washington irving1.A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty, which written under the name of Diedrich Knickerbocker, was a great success.2. The Sketch Book won a international fame on both sides of the Atlantic.3. “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” got ideas form German legends.4. the Bracebrige Hall and Tales of a Traveler.5. the Alhambra is usually regarded as Irving’s “Spanish Skethch Book”. Only because it has a strong flavor of spanish culture.6.Iring’s taste was essentially conservative.7. washing Iving’s has always been regarded as a writer who perfected the best classic sytle that American Literature ever produced.8. Washing Iving is worth the honor of being “the American Goldsmith” for his literary craftsmanship.9. Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia怀旧的) for the unrecoverable past is at once made unforgettable.第二位：Emerson1.Transcendentalism ---the romantic period in the history of American literature.2.the chief spokesman of this spiritual movement is Ralph Waldo Emerson3.transcendental club, the unofficial manifesto for the club is Nature.4.Nature did not establish him as an important American writer, his last reputationbegan with the publication of Essays, which convey the best of his philosophical discussions and transcendental pursuits. Such as The American Scholar ,Self-Reliance , The Over-Soul.5.The Poet, a reflection upon the aesthetic problems of the present state of Americanliterature6.The Experience, a discussion about the conflict between idealism and ordinarylife.7.transcendentalism---with its focus on the intuitive konwledge of human beings tograsp the absolute in the universe and the divinity of man. Emerson put forward his philosopy of over-soul, the importance of individual, nature.8.emerson and other transcendentalists believed that there should be a emtotionalcomunication between a individual soul and the universal over-soul.9. a “transparent eyeball” marks a paradoxical state of being, in which one ismerged into nature, the over-soul. While at the same time retaining a unique perception of experience.10.emerson’s essays often have a casual style, for most of them were derived fromhis journals and lectures.11.堪称“the American Scolar”12.in the essay Emerson clearly expresses the main priciples of his transcendentalist pursuitand his love for nature.第三位：Hawthorne1.Hawthorne remains one of the most interesting, yet most ambivalent (矛盾情感)writers in theAmerican literary history.2.The Twice-Told Tales, a collection of short stories which attracted critical attention.3.The Mosses of an Old Manse, Snow-Image and other Twice-Told Tales best demonstrateHawthorne’s early obsessions with the moral and phycological consequences of pride, selfishness and secret guilt that manifest themselves in human beings.4.The Scarlet Letter often regarded as the best of his works, tells a simply but very movingstory in which 4 people living in a Puritan Community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways.5.The House of the Seven Gables6.The Blithedale Romance(福谷传奇) is a novel he wrote to reveal his own experiences on theBrook Farm and his own methods as a psychological novelist.7.The Mable Faun(玉石雕像) set in Italy, the book is concerned about the dark aberrations(失常方面) of human spirit.8.The Birthmark9.The Young Goodman Brown –everyone possesses evil secret10.The Minister’s Dark Veil11.The Rappaccini’s Daughter12.Hawthorne’s view of man, human history originates, to a great extent, in Puritanism13.The House of the Seven Gables and The Scarlet Letter 反清教思想，同时反清教思想on the onehand, it provides him with a subject, on the other hand, with the Puritan world and society as a historical background, he disscusses some of the most improtant issues that concern the moral life of man and human society.14.the structure and form of his writings is always carefully worked out to cater for the thematicconcern.(精心设计的)15.allegorist预言家 symbolist第四位：walt whitman1.Leaves of Grass is Whitman’s representative work, 体现了American democratic ideals 反映了American Independent War and Cival War.2.Leaves of Grass has nine editions. In this giant work, openness, freedom, individualism areall that concerned him. His aim was nothing less than to express some new poetic feelings and to initiate poetic traditon in which difference should be recognized.3.the poet’s essential purpose was to indentify his ego with the world and more specificallywith the democratic “en-masse” of the America, which is established in the openning lines of the “Song of Myself”4.most of poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-masse”and the self as well.5.politically committed 政治抒情诗such as Dump Taps6.Cavalry Crossing a Ford,Whitman expressed much mouring for the sufferings of the young livesin the battlefield and showed a determination to carry on fighting until the final victory.7.when Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d mournful as these poems are, a reader can detecta thin trace of ecstasy for the victory of the progress.8.Whitman’s potetic style is marked by the use of the poetic”Ⅰ”9.free verse, that is , poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.10.parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the lines are contribute to themusicality of his poems.11.one of the most often-used methods in his poems is to make colors and images fleet past themind’s eye of the readers.第五位 Herman Melville1.Moby-Dick is his masterpiece.2.Billy Budd, his second famous work3.Melville’s writings can be divided into two groups, each with something in common in thelight of the thematic concern and imginative focus.4.Typee, Omoo, Mardi which drew from his adventures among the people of the south pacific island.Redburn is a semi-autobiographical novel, concerining the sufferings of a genteel youth among the brutal sailors. Whitejacket relates his life on the United States of man-of –war.5.pierre 作者本意是想发动妇女文学革命，但却遭到强烈反对，结果名声下降。
6 全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介Washington Irving
Major Works of Washington Irving
• The Sketch Book (1819-1820)
–Rip Van Winkle –The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
• The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (1828) • A Tour on the Prairies (1835) • Life of Goldsmith (1840) • Life of George Washington (1855-1859)
• Minor phase: 1832-1859
–Returned to America and influenced by the new spirit of nationalism –Wrote about the American West, “American Books”
• A Tour on the Prairies 1835
Biographical Introduction (4)
• Late years
–In 1832, returned to America –Declined a nomination to Congress and to run for the Mayor of New York –Made his home at Sunnyside on the Hudson River at Tarrytown –Spent the rest of his life leisurely and comfortably
Lecture Six
Washington Irving
By 张慧 hzhang8311@