英语修辞格简介
Figures of Speech in English英语修辞格简介1. Simile 明喻A simile is a figure of speech in which two quite different things are compared because they appear to be similar at least one characteristic.-- My heart is like a singing bird. —––– Rosetti: A Birthday-- A word and stone let go cannot be recalled. —––– Proverb-- I wandered lonely as a cloud. —––– Wordsworth: The Daffodils-- The ruby shall be redder than a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea.-- He had no more idea of money than a cow.-- A doctor must have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady.-- Love and cough cannot be hid. —––– Proverb2. Metaphor暗喻，隐喻Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. In a metaphor, a comparison is usually implicit; whereas in a simile it is explicit.-- Because of his wealth, he was a fountain of generosity to his relatives and friends.-- Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.-- In foreign policy, flying solo can be risky business.-- He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius, you should be sure he would water it.3. Analogy类推；比喻Analogy is a figure of speech which draws a parallel between two different types of things, and uses one (usually familiar to the reader) to explain the other (usually unfamiliar to the reader). The function of an analogy is to deepen the reader’s understanding of the writer’s point.For instance, we can use Post Office to explain Email, where analogy is adopted (Post Office ---- Email). And in the essay “Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It”, the author draw a parallel between Real Estate and Cyberspace, while in “The Case Against Man”, the author uses Human Body as a comparison to explain the relationship between different life forms on the planet.4. Metonymy借代Metonymy is a figure in which the name of one thing is used to stand for another thing. The two things involved in a metonymy are not of the same kind but are closely related.-- Have you ever read Shakespeare?-- The whole city went out to see the victorious general.-- Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this question.-- She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotion, but I was not to let my heart rule my head.-- The kettle is boiling.-- Please drink a cup or two.5. Antithesis反对；对语，对照Antithesis means contrasting ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meanings. It can result in linguistic brevity and rhythmic harmony.-- American imperialism is the strongest in history and also the weakest in history. The skyscraper is highest but the foundation isshakiest. —––– Anna. L. Strong-- Any man or state who fight on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.—–––Winston Churchill-- It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. —–––Charles Dickens -- And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. —––– J. Kennedy6. Oxymoron矛盾修饰法；反衬，反映It is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce an epigrammatic effect. When contradictory terms are used together, they can reveal the relationship between two things which are opposite or quasi-opposite to each other in meaning.-- Cruel kindness (opposite in meaning)-- His air was one of friendly hostility.-- Cold fire (quasi-opposite in meaning)-- I don’t mean to imply that we are suddenly threatened in the United Nations with -harmony.-- His honor rooted in dishonor stood. And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.7. Pun双关It is a figure of speech depending upon a similarity of sound and a disparity of meaning. Pun is usually employed for jocular and humorous effect.-- An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for good of his country.-- A professor tapped on his desk and shouted: “Gentlemen —– order!”The entire class yelled, “Beer!”-- Seven days without water make one weak. (= week)-- Ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a grave man.—––– Shakespeare8. Paradox 反论; （似非而是的）隽语, 警句Paradox is a statement which is contrary to expectation, apparently absurd or self-contradictory. But in fact, it is reasonable and logical. A paradox often implies profound meaning, hence thought-provoking.-- The child is father of the man. —––– W. Wordsworth-- Those who have eyes apparently see little. —––– Helen Keller-- Most haste, less speed.9. Alliteration头韵法Alliteration refers to the repetition usually of an initial sound that is usually a consonant in two or more neighboring words or syllables. The use of it goes back to ancient times. As one of the phonetic rhetorical devices, it remains a preferable means in literary creation.-- Next to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.-- She sells seashells on the seashore, and the shells she sells are seashells.-- And sings a solitary song,That whistles in the wind. —––– W. Wordsworth -- China’s cities, after decades of bolted doors and barred windows, are suddenly being opened to sweeping changes.—––– News Weekly10. Irony反语，反话Irony is a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm. Sometimes irony is used to show people’s intimate feeling, but in most cases, it is used to criticize or expose bad and ugly things.Two types of irony:1) Anti phrase (words used obviously with meanings opposite to their literal one)-- Blessed are the young, for they shall inherit the national debt.-- This hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.2) Situations irony (Words used with implied meanings which can notbe taken literally but from the context.)-- “It’s no use going to see little Hans in winter,” the Miller used to say to his wife, “When people are in trouble we must leavethem alone and not bother them. That is my idea offriendship, and I am sure I am right. ”—––– Oscar Wilde, The Devoted Friend11. Parallelism排比，平行结构12. Personification拟人13. Hyperbole夸张14. Euphemism委婉语15. Contrast对照16. Repetition反复17. Climax层递18. Transferred Epithet 移就19. Parody 仿拟20. Onomatopoeia拟声。
英语修辞格简介
Examples No one was more willing to do a favor for a friend or neighbor than he. The face wasn’t a bad one; it had what they called charm. Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse.
English Rhetoric
第三章 对照并列修辞格 10.相映相衬的antithesis（对 照） The rhetorical opposing or contrasting of ideas by means of grammatically paralleled arrangements of words, clauses or sentences.
English Rhetoric
7.闪烁其词的euphemism（委 婉） A figure of speech in which something of an unpleasant, distressing, or indelicate nature is described in less offensive terms.
English Rhetoric
6.明抑暗扬的 understatement（低调陈述） A figure of speech which contains an understatement of emphasis, and therefore the opposite of hyperbole.
Examples The seed ye sow, another reaps; the wealth ye find, another keeps; the robes ye weave, another wears; the arms ye forge, another bears. 你们播下了种子，别人来收割； 你们找到了财富，别人来占有； 你们织布成衣，穿在别人身上； 你们锻造武器，握在别人手上。
英语中的修辞手法总结
英语中的修辞手法总结
英语中的修辞手法包括以下几种：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：用某个事物来比喻另一个事物，使语言更加形象生动。
例子：她的笑容如阳光一般温暖。
2. 拟人（Personification）：将无生命的事物赋予人的特征，使表达更具有生动感和感染力。
例子：风儿吹过，树叶纷飞。
3. 对偶（Parallelism）：通过平行的句子结构或词语来表达相同的或类似的意思，使句子更有力量和韵律感。
例子：Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.
4. 反问（Rhetorical question）：表现出说话人的强烈感情和肯定态度，让听者思考并自行找到答案。
例子：难道我们的作品不应该反映现实生活的美好吗？
5. 比较（Comparison）：通过将两个不同的事物进行类比，使得听者或读者更容易理解某个观点。
例子：她跑得像一只兔子一样快。
以上是英语中常见的五种修辞手法，当然还有其他一些较少使用的修辞手法，如反语、夸张、卡里加里（Cacophony）等。
这些修辞手法都可以让语言更生动、更有表现力。
英语修辞(简介)
一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。
（一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance。
Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
如：She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西，如阳光呀，丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀，昆虫的叫声呀，开门的吱嗄声呀，亲人的说话声呀。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音。
如：Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.（alliteration）皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。
Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
前者与汉语的双声(汉语中两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格)相似，后者与汉语的叠韵（两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同）非常相似。
如：With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope.怀着这个信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。
英语修辞学中20种常见修辞格名称双语释义及举例
What does that lawyer do after he dies?——Lie still. 那个律师死后干什么？──躺着仍说鬼话。（注：lie躺， 撒谎；still安静地， 仍然）
E. oxymoron; zeugma ; contrast
Oxymoron（矛盾修辞法）与汉语中的反映辞格类似，都是将相互矛盾的概念和判断巧妙地联系在一起，以便相互映衬，突出事物的特点，表达复杂的思想感情和意味深长的哲理。矛盾修辞手法在英语中常见，但在汉语中很少见。如：sweet sorrow 忧喜参半 （不是甜蜜的悲伤）； proud humility 不卑不亢（不是骄傲的谦卑）
这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。（Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后，全船陷入灾难中。）
B. metonymy; transferred epithet Metonymy、synecdoche和_1antonomasia都是不直接说出事物的本来名称，而换用另一个名称或另一个说法。它们大体上相当于汉语的借代（分为旁借和对代两类）。如Crown（王冠）可喻指君主、王权、王国政府等；doll（玩具）可喻指姑娘、宝贝等。再如：
as thick as thieves亲密无间（不是"像贼一样厚"）
as old as the hills古老 （不是"像山一样老"）
The ship plows the sea. 船在乘风破浪地前进。（不是"船在犁海"）
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。例如：
英语修辞格简介
Figures of Speech in English英语修辞格简介1. Simile 明喻A simile is a figure of speech in which two quite different things are compared because they appear to be similar at least one characteristic.-- My heart is like a singing bird. —––– Rosetti: A Birthday-- A word and stone let go cannot be recalled. —––– Proverb-- I wandered lonely as a cloud. —––– Wordsworth: The Daffodils-- The ruby shall be redder than a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea.-- He had no more idea of money than a cow.-- A doctor must have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady.-- Love and cough cannot be hid. —––– Proverb2. Metaphor暗喻，隐喻Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. In a metaphor, a comparison is usually implicit; whereas in a simile it is explicit.-- Because of his wealth, he was a fountain of generosity to his relatives and friends.-- Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.-- In foreign policy, flying solo can be risky business.-- He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius, you should be sure he would water it.3. Analogy类推；比喻Analogy is a figure of speech which draws a parallel between two different types of things, and uses one (usually familiar to the reader) to explain the other (usually unfamiliar to the reader). The function of an analogy is to deepen the reader’s understanding of the writer’s point.For instance, we can use Post Office to explain Email, where analogy is adopted (Post Office ---- Email). And in the essay ―Cyberspace: If You Don’t Love It, Leave It‖, the author draw a parallel between Real Estate and Cyberspace, while in ―The Case Against Man‖, the author uses Human Body as a comparison to explain the relationship between different life forms on the planet.4. Metonymy借代Metonymy is a figure in which the name of one thing is used to stand for another thing. The two things involved in a metonymy are not of the same kind but are closely related.-- Have you ever read Shakespeare?-- The whole city went out to see the victorious general.-- Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this question.-- She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotion, but I was not to let my heart rule my head.-- The kettle is boiling.-- Please drink a cup or two.5. Antithesis反对；对语，对照Antithesis means contrasting ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meanings. It can result in linguistic brevity and rhythmic harmony.-- American imperialism is the strongest in history and also the weakest in history. The skyscraper is highest but the foundation isshakiest. —––– Anna. L. Strong-- Any man or state who fight on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.—–––Winston Churchill-- It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. —–––Charles Dickens -- And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. —––– J. Kennedy6. Oxymoron矛盾修饰法；反衬，反映It is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce an epigrammatic effect. When contradictory terms are used together, they can reveal the relationship between two things which are opposite or quasi-opposite to each other in meaning.-- Cruel kindness (opposite in meaning)-- His air was one of friendly hostility.-- Cold fire (quasi-opposite in meaning)-- I don’t mean to imply that we are suddenly threatened in the United Nations with -harmony.-- His honor rooted in dishonor stood. And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.7. Pun双关It is a figure of speech depending upon a similarity of sound and a disparity of meaning. Pun is usually employed for jocular and humorous effect.-- An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for good of his country.-- A professor tapped on his desk and shouted: ―Gentlemen —– order!‖The entire class yelled, ―Beer!‖-- Seven days without water make one weak. (= week)-- Ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a grave man.—––– Shakespeare8. Paradox 反论; （似非而是的）隽语, 警句Paradox is a statement which is contrary to expectation, apparently absurd or self-contradictory. But in fact, it is reasonable and logical. A paradox often implies profound meaning, hence thought-provoking.-- The child is father of the man. —––– W. Wordsworth-- Those who have eyes apparently see little. —––– Helen Keller-- Most haste, less speed.9. Alliteration头韵法Alliteration refers to the repetition usually of an initial sound that is usually a consonant in two or more neighboring words or syllables. The use of it goes back to ancient times. As one of the phonetic rhetorical devices, it remains a preferable means in literary creation.-- Next to health, heart, home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.-- She sells seashells on the seashore, and the shells she sells are seashells.-- And sings a solitary song,That whistles in the wind. —––– W. Wordsworth -- China’s cities, after decades of bolted doors and barred windows, are suddenly being opened to sweeping changes.—––– News Weekly10. Irony反语，反话Irony is a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm. Sometimes irony is used to show people’s intimate feeling, but in most cases, it is used to criticize or expose bad and ugly things.Two types of irony:1) Anti phrase (words used obviously with meanings opposite to their literal one)-- Blessed are the young, for they shall inherit the national debt.-- This hard-working boy seldom reads more than an hour per week.2) Situations irony (Words used with implied meanings which can notbe taken literally but from the context.)-- ―It’s no use going to see little Hans in winter,‖ the Miller used to say to his wife, ―When people are in trouble we must leavethem alone and not bother them. That is my idea offriendship, and I am sure I am right. ‖—––– Oscar Wilde, The Devoted Friend11. Parallelism排比，平行结构12. Personification拟人13. Hyperbole夸张14. Euphemism委婉语15. Contrast对照16. Repetition反复17. Climax层递18. Transferred Epithet 移就19. Parody 仿拟20. Onomatopoeia拟声。
英语常见修辞格总结
脏几乎都停止了跳动。
反语Irony['airəni]
反语（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示 其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默， 更加讽刺的效果。（正话反说或是反话正说） 1、It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 2、Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.
顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特 点创造出来的修辞手法。 它主要包括 拟声（onomatopoeia）、头韵 （alliteration）这两种修辞格。
拟声 Onomatopoeia [,ɒnəmætə'piːə]
Onomatopoeia 是模仿事物发出的声响的修 辞手法，与汉语的拟声用法完全相同。 1、Presently there came the click of highheeled shoes. 高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。 2、 On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在学校房屋的屋顶
三、句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)
句法修辞法主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布 局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。 这类修辞格主要包括 叠言 rhetorical repetition, 反问rhetorical question, 对偶 antithesis等。
明喻 simile和暗喻metaphor
明喻（simile）是以两种 具有相同特征的事物和 现象进行对比，表明本 体和喻体之间的相似关 系。
英语修辞格
英语修辞格英语修辞格是运用特定的修辞手法和技巧来增强表达效果和语言的艺术感的一种文学表达方式。
常见的英语修辞格有以下几种：1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将一个词语或短语用于其本来意义以外的其他事物上，来达到描绘或表达的目的。
例如，“他是我的阳光”（He is my sunshine）。
2. 拟人（Personification）：赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特征和行为，以增加形象感。
例如，“大海呼唤着我”（The ocean calls out to me）。
3. 比较（Simile）：通过使用"like"或"as"等介词来进行比较。
例如，“他像一颗流星，闪耀着美丽的光芒”。
4. 反复（Repetition）：通过反复使用相同的词语或短语，来强调和重申某个观点或思想。
例如，“我要尽力、尽力、再尽力”。
5. 双关（Pun）：利用一个单词或短语在不同语境中的多义性，制造出幽默或双重意义。
例如，“时间都去哪儿了？它去吃饭了。
”6. 排比（Parallelism）：通过使用相同的结构、格式或语法，来组织句子和表达思想，形成节奏感和增加强度。
例如，“今天我学会了爬行，学会了站立，学会了行走”。
7. 夸张（Hyperbole）：通过夸大事物的特征和情况，来制造出夸张、强烈的效果。
例如，“我等了一万年才见到你”。
8. 反问（Rhetorical Question）：利用问句的形式来表达观点或意见，不要求回答，但更多是用来强调说话者的说法。
例如，“难道我们不都是人吗？”这些修辞格可以增加语言的表达力、形象感、感染力和艺术感，使文学作品或演讲更具有吸引力和影响力。
常见英语修辞格
常见英语修辞格常见英语修辞格所谓修辞是指依据题旨情境恰当地选择语言手段和表达方式, 以有效地表情达意。
修辞的目的是使作品更加形象生动、引人入胜。
了解英语中的修辞,有助于我们更好地理解、欣赏文章,也有助于在写作中丰富我们自己的表达。
英语修辞格按其构成大致可以分为三类:1.词义修辞格(Semantic Rhetorical Devices)2.结构修辞格(Syntactical Rhetorical Devices)3.音韵修辞格(Phonetic Rhetorical Devices）(一)词义修辞格(Semantic Rhetorical Devices)词义修辞格主要是指借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它们主要包括 :simile, metaphor, analogy, allusion, antonomasia, metonymy, synecdoche,personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, paradox, zeugma, transferred epithet, etc.1. Simile 明喻与汉语的明喻基本相同,是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系。
常用来表示明喻的喻词有like, as, as if, as though等。
如:Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back.学如逆水行舟,不进则退。
Bacteria are so small that a single round one of a common type is about 1／25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria aremagnified 1,000 times, they look only as large as a pencil point.细菌是这样小，一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1／25,000英寸。
英语修辞简介
语法管语言“通顺不通顺”；逻辑管语言“合理不合理”；修辞管语言“优不优美”。
语言美完全由修辞来决定，由此可见，修辞学在语言学习过程具有不可低估的重要意义。
从翻译教学的目的来看，学生大致掌握以下二十种修辞格就可以了，它们是：明喻〔simile〕;隐喻〔metaphor〕;移就〔transferred epithet〕;拟人〔personification〕;借代〔metonymy〕;低调陈述〔understatement〕;委婉〔euphemism〕;夸张〔hyperbole〕;典故〔allusion〕;对照〔antithesis〕;平行(parallelism);隽语〔paradox〕；矛盾修饰〔oxymoron〕;突降〔antiticlimax〕;重复〔repetion〕;头韵〔alliteration〕;双关〔pun〕;反语〔irony〕;仿拟〔parody〕;轭式搭配〔zeugma〕从应用范围来看，英语修辞格的运用可谓无处不在，从各种体裁的文学作品、到数量繁多的习语、谚语、警语、格言、商品广告和交际口语，到处都可发现修辞格的踪影。
只有科技英语和法律英语由于要求客观公允、精炼准确，修辞格的运用相对来说要少些。
从翻译手法上来看，英语翻译的方法可以归纳为三种手法：直译法、意译法和直译加注法。
但是不管采取什么样的翻译方法，都应该尽量保留原修辞格的语言文化特色，努力传递出各种修辞格的结构美、意蕴美和音韵美。
反语修辞格所谓反语修辞格，就是把正面意思反过来说或把反面意思说成正面意思的修辞方法，即词语的真实含义往往与其字面意思相反。
这种修辞方法便于挖苦、挖苦、俏皮、幽默。
如：What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country!-They let the paopers go to sleep!他们竟允许穷人睡觉！——多么“高尚”的例证！多么“仁慈”的法律！多么“可爱”的国家！〔这句话正话反说，19世纪时期英国政府对待穷人的态度昭然假设揭，下层人的苦难生活用一种极具挖苦意味的方式表达出来。
19种英语修辞手法简单介绍
19种英语修辞手法简单介绍19种英语修辞手法简单介绍除了最常见的明喻、暗喻、拟人,英语中还有很多修辞手法。
有一些可能是你经常见到却没有意识到的。
下面是店铺带来的19种英语修辞手法简单介绍，希望对你有帮助。
英语中有19种修辞手法，它们分别是：Simile明喻、Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻、Metonymy 借喻，转喻、Synecdoche 提喻、Synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉、Personification 拟人、Hyperbole 夸张、Parallelism 排比，平行、Euphemism 委婉，婉辞法、Allegory 讽喻，比方、Irony 反语、Pun 双关、Parody 仿拟、Rhetorical question 修辞疑问、Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶、Paradox 隽语、Oxymoron 反意法，逆喻、Climax 渐进法，层进法、Anticlimax 渐降法。
下面和大家分享一下这19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句，快来学习吧!1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。
标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
例如：1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。
2.Metaphor 隐喻，暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成。
例如：1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。