SCI常用句型摘LU
sci常用句式
sci常用句式SCI常用句式是指在SCI论文中经常出现的句式，这些句式具有高效表达和规范的特点，使文章更加简洁明了，逻辑清晰。
下面是SCI 常用句式及其使用方法：1. There is a growing consensus that…（越来越多的人认为……）这个句式可以用来表达某个观点在学术界或社会上认可度越来越高的情况，可以体现作者在研究背景和前沿方向上的掌握。
2. It is widely acknowledged that…（人们普遍认为……）同样地，引入适当的学术语言去表述一些已经被学者公认的结论或现象。
3. In order to + 动词原形（为了……）这个句式可以用来表达作者在研究中采用了什么方法或手段，也可以用于强调研究目的。
4. A growing body of evidence suggests that…（越来越多的证据表明……）这个句式可以用于介绍当前研究领域的最新研究成果和进展。
5. It is worth noting that…（值得一提的是……）这个句式具有突出和强调的作用，可以用于强调作者认为值得关注的观点或实验结果。
6. In light of…（考虑到……）这个句式可以用于介绍某个研究现象的解释或原因。
7. It is therefore imperative that…（因此，有必要……）这个句式可以用于表达作者的建议或提出某个问题的解决方案。
8. The findings suggest that…（研究结果表明……）这个句式用于揭示实验或调查的研究结果，可以作为文章结论的开头。
9. The implications of the research are…（研究的意义在于……）这个句式可以用于分析研究结果的意义和价值，为论文提供深度和广度。
10. Overall, the study implies that…（总的来说，这项研究意味着……）这个句式用于总结研究的经验和教训，为进一步的研究提供参考。
SCI写作高频词汇和常用句型
第一部分同义词替换1. about（大约）—approximately2. get —obtain3. finish —complete4. change —transform5. method —technique6. buy —purchase7. ask —inquire8. begin、start —commence9. cheap —inexpensive10. obtainable —avaible11. use —employ12. have —possess13. get —acquire14. extra —additional15. help —assistance16. about（关于）—concerning17. enlarge —magnify18. many —numerous19. best —optimum20. lively —vigorous第二部分连接词使用1.并列递进：moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally2.转折：not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of，rather than, instead of, unfortunately3.解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms4.原因：because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason5.举例：for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few6.强调：surprisingly, interestingly,intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently,in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly7.可能：presumably, probably, perhaps8.让步：although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that9.总结：overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly10.结果：therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence11. 对比比较：likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas第三部分常用句式1. 说明选题的重要性：X is the main / leading / primary / major cause of ..Xs are a common / useful / critical part of...Xs are among the most widely used / commonly discussed / well-known / well-documented / widespread/commonly investigated types of ...X is recognized as being / believed to be / widely considered to be the most important ...It is well known / generally accepted / common knowledge that X is (X)is increasingly becoming / set to become a vital factor in …Xs are undergoing a revolution / generating considerable interest in terms of …Xs are attracting considerable / increasing / widespread interest due to …2. 概述前人做过的研究：Last century X was considered to be / viewed as / seen as the most …Initial / Preliminary / The first studies of X considered it tobe...Tradition ally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …Scientists / Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …Until now / For many years / Since 1993 Xs have been considered as …X has received much attention in the last two years / in the past decade / over the last two decades …For the past five years / Since 2011 there has been a rapid rise in the use of XsThe last two years have witnessed / seen a huge growth in X …The past decade / last year has seen a renewed importance in X …Recent developments in / findings regarding X have led to …X has become a central / an important / a critical issue in …3. 展望未来：The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in XIn the next few years X will become / is likely to have becomeWithin the next few years, X is set / destined / likely to become an important component in …By 2025 / Within the next ten years, X will have become …X will soon / shortly / rapidly / inevitably be an issue that …4. 指出知识上的空缺：Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / question of …Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to address …The central / core problem ofA challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglected area in the field of...The characteristics of X are not well understood / are misunderstood / have not been dealt with in depth.It is not yet known / has not yet been established whether X can do Y. X is still poorly / not widelyunderstood.Techniques to solve X are computationally demanding / subject to high overheads / time consuming / impractical / frequently unfeasible.A major defect / difficulty / drawback / disadvantage / flaw of X is …One of the main issues in our knowledge of / what we know about X is a lack of …This particular / specific area of X has been overlooked / has b een neglected / remains unclear …Despite this interest, no one to the best of our knowledge / as far as we know has studied …Although this approach is interesting, it suffers from / fails to take into account / does not allow for…However, there is still a need for / has been little discussion on …Moreover, other solutions / research programs / approaches have failed to provide...There is stillsome / much / considerable controversy surrounding …Concerns have arisen / been raised which question / call into q uestion the validity of …In the light of recent events in x, there is now some / much / considerable concern about …5. 论述论文目标和贡献：In this report / paper / review / study we …This paper outlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to …This pape r examines / seeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to ...The present paper aims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’s findings regarding …X is presented / described / analyzed / computed / investigated / examined / introduced / discussed in order to …The aim of our work / research / study / analysis was to further / extend / widen / broaden current knowledge of …The aim of this study is to study / evaluate / validate / determine / examine / analyze / calculate / estimate / formulate …This paper calls into question / takes a new look at / re-examines / revisits / sheds new light on …We undertook this study / initiated this research / de veloped this methodology to...We believe that we have found / developed / discovered / designed an innovative solution to …We describe / present / consider / analyze a novel / simple / radical / interesting solution for …。
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结
SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结1.引言句型：- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid development of...- In the context of...- It is widely recognized that...2.目的句型：- The purpose of this study is to...- This research aims to...- The objective of this paper is to...3.方法句型：- The experimental design involves...- The research methodology employed in this study includes...4.结果句型：- The results indicate that...- It is evident from the findings that...- The study reveals that...- The data suggests that...5.讨论句型：- The current study has several implications for...- These results are consistent with previous research showing...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- The limitations of this study should be considered, such as...6.结论句型：- In conclusion...- To sum up...- Overall...- This study provides further evidence that...7.建议句型：- It is suggested that future research should focus on...- Further investigation is warranted to...8.引用句型：- According to (author's name), (quote)...- (Author's name) has argued that...- The literature suggests that...9.比较句型：- In contrast to...- On the other hand...- Similarly...10.解释句型：- This can be attributed to...- One possible explanation for this phenomenon is...- The results can be explained by...请注意，在撰写SCI论文时应避免直接复制粘贴以上句型，而是根据具体情况进行适当修改，以确保句子的流畅性和准确性。
大多数写sci的常用句子
个人认为，对于大多数写sci的作者，包括小弟在内，poor english是最常被编辑们提出来的问题。
找润色公司等等，也需要人民币。
因此，小弟将一些经典的英语中的句子，包括描述趋势，描述大小等的句子，放入。
也希望其他高手们也一起来完善这项工作。
这样，以后，我们也可以写出比较地道的句子，而不被别人诟病。
以后，每天10句，日积月累下来，大家都可以用。
1、表示与某某研究不同：Our results are seemingly at variance with a previous study that 。
（例如：evaluated FDG uptake in irradiated bone marrow and other tissues in rodents ）2、表示与某某研究相同：。
are（is）in agreement with the results of previous studies. 原句：The changes in the percentages of neutrophils in this study are in agreement with the results of previous studies.3、表示某种变化可能是两种机制共同作用。
当某种机制占上风时，会导致。
变化，反之，当另一种机制占优势的时候，会。
要描述这种东西很难。
特别是在讨论的概括。
因此，用这个句子：... may be explained by the trade-off between... and .....原句：The increased FDG uptake observed on day 1 in the irradiated marrow may be explained by the trade-offbetween the infiltration of neutrophils and the relatively decreased cellularity.4、称赞自己的结果如何如何牛，而且还有更深层次的用途：Our results in... model suggest potential uses for ... in the ....... In a broader sense, they also make a case for using ... to ... other ......原句：Our results in the EAE model suggest potential uses for [18F]FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and monitoring of other disorders characterized by hyperactive immunity. In a broader sense, they also make a case for using PET to measure other metabolic pathways as functional readouts of immune activation.5、表明可以用于预测。
SCI 写作万能句型
1. One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is ......2. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the .....3. X is the leading cause of death in western industrialised countries.4. X is a common disorder characterised by ......5. Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and ......6. Xs are the most potent anti-infammatory agents known.7. X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y.8. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for ......9. In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in .......10. The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.11. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease.12. X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. 13. Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of ....... 14. X is at the heart of our understanding of ......1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ......2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.4. Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:5. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have notattained an adequate understanding of ......There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ......6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use.7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ......1. To date various methods have been developed and introduced to measure X:2. In most recent studies, X is measured in four different ways.3. Radiographic techniques are the main non-invasive method used to determine ....4. Different authors have measured X in a variety of ways.5. Previous studies have based their criteria for selection on ......6. A variety of methods are used to assess X. Each has its advantages and drawbacks.7. Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during the 2007–2008 academic year.1. The semi-structured approach was chosen because ......2. Smith et al (1994) identify several advantages of the case study, .......3. It was decided that the best method to adopt for this investigation wasto ......4. A case study approach was chosen to allow a ......5. The design of the questionnaires was based on ......6. The X method is one of the more practical ways of ......7. It was considered that quantitative measures would usefully supplement and extend the qualitative analysis.8. Many of the distributions were not normal so non-parametric signed rank tests were run.9. The X approach has a number of attractive features: ......1. A strong relationship between X and Y has been reported in the literature.2. Prior studies that have noted the importance of ......3. In reviewing the literature, no data was found on the association between X and Y.4. As mentioned in the literature review, ......5. Very little was found in the literature on the question of .....6. This study set out with the aim of assessing the importance of X in ......7. The third question in this research was ......8. It was hypothesized that participants with a history of ......9. The present study was designed to determine the effect of ......1. The results of this study show/indicate that .......2. This experiment did not detect any evidence for ......3. On the question of X, this study found that ......4. The current study found that ......5. The most interesting finding was that ......6. Another important finding was that .....7. The results of this study did not show that ....../did not show any8. significant increase in ......9. In the current study, comparing X with Y showed that the mean degree of ......10. In this study, Xs were found to cause .....11.X provided the largest set of significant clusters of ......12. It is interesting to note that in all seven cases of this study......1. This paper has given an account of and the reasons for the widespread use of X ......2. This essay has argued that X is the best instrument to ......3. This assignment has explained the central importance of X in Y.4. This dissertation has investigated ......1. This study set out to determine ......2. The present study was designed to determine the effect of .......3. In this investigation, the aim was to assess ......4. The purpose of the current study was to determine ......5. This project was undertaken to design ...... and evaluate .....6. Returning to the hypothesis/question posed at the beginning of this study, it is now possible to state that .....1. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ......2. There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of ......3. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......4. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.5. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ......6. During the past 30 years much more information has become availableon ......7. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on .......8. A large and growing body of literature has investigated ......1. Many historians have argued that ...... (eg. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994)2. Numerous studies have attempted to explain ..... (for example, Smith , 1996; Kelly, 1998; Johnson, 2002)3. Recent evidence suggests that ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson,2001)4. Recently, in vitro studies have shown that T.thermophylus EFTu can ...... (Patel et al., 1997;Jones et al., 1998).5. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that ......6. Several attempts have been made to ....... (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999; Johnson, 2001)7. Several studies have revealed that it is not just X that acts on ...... (Smith, 1996; Jones .......8. Several biographies of Harris have been published. Smith presentsan ........ account, whilst Jones .....9. Several studies investigating X have been carried out on ......10. Data from several sources have identified the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity11. Previous studies have reported ...... (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1992).12. Previous research findings into X have been inconsistent and contradictory (Smith, 1996; Jones 1999, ......13. A number of studies have found that ...... (Smith , 2003; Jones, 2004).14. Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationshipbetween .......15. At least 152 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between......16. Other studies have considered the relationship ......17. The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, .......18. The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994).19. The geology of X has been addressed in several smallscale investigations and .......20. Xs have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of many species (1).21. X has also been shown to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in murine- induced arthritis (11).22. It has been suggested that levels of X are independent of the size of the Y (Smith et al., 1995) It has conclusively been shown that X and Y increase Z (Smith et al., 1999; Jones, 2001 ......23. It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to ...... (Smith, 1998; ......1. One question that needs to be asked, however, is whether ......2. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that ......3. One of the limitations with this explanation is that it does not explain why...4. One criticism of much of the literature on X is that ......5. The key problem with this explanation is that ......6. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.7. However, there is an inconsistency with this argument.8. Smith's argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of ......9. It seems that Jones' understanding of the X framework is questionable. Smith's interpretation overlooks much of the historical research ......10. One major criticism of Smith's work is that .....11. Many writers have challenged Jones' claim on the grounds that .......12. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ......1. Another problem with this approach is that it fails to take X into account.2. Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that .....3. Difficulties arise, however, when an attempt is made to implement the policy.4. Nevertheless, the strategy has not escaped criticism from governments, agencies and academics.5. One major drawback of this approach is that ......6. The main limitation of biosynthetic incorporation, however, is ......7. However, this method of analysis has a number of limitations.8. However, approaches of this kind carry with them various well known limitations.9. All the studies reviewed so far, however, suffer from the fact that .......10. However, there are limits to how far the idea of/concept of X can be taken.11. However, such explanations tend to overlook the fact that......12. However, one of the problems with the instrument the researchers used to measure X was ......1. Article references were searched further for additional relevant publications. Articles were searched from January 1965 until April 2008.2. Publications were only included if .......3. X was prepared according to the procedure used by Patel et al. (1957).4. The synthesis of X was done according to the procedure of Smith (1973).5. X was synthesised using the same method that was detailed for Y, using ......6. This compound was prepared by adapting the procedure used by Zhao et al. (1990).7. For this study the X was used to explore the subsurface ......8. An alternative method for making scales homogenous is by using .....1. The initial sample consisted of 200 students of whom 13 did not complete all of the interviews2. All studies described as using some sort of X procedure were included in the analysis.3. A systematic literature review was conducted of studies that .....4. All of the participants were aged between 18 and 19 at the beginning of the study.....5. Two groups of subjects were interviewed, namely X and Y. The first group were ......6. A random sample of patients with ...... was recruited from .......7. Forty-seven students studying X were recruited for this study.8. The students were divided into two groups based on their performanceon ......9. The project used a convenience sample of 32 first year modern languages students.10. Just over half the sample (53%) was female, of whom 69% were ......11. Participants were recruited from 15 clinics across ......, covering urban and rural areas ......12. Eligibility criteria required individuals to have received ....13. Five individuals were excluded form the study on the basis of ....14. Eligible women who matched the selection criteria were identified by ......15. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 17 male offenders with a mean age of 38 years16. A comparison group of 12 male subjects without any history of X was drawn from a pool of .......1. In order to identify the T10 and T11 spinous processes, the subjects were asked to ......2. In order to understand how X regulates Y, a series of transfections was performed.3. To enable the subjects to see the computer screen clearly, the laptop was configured with ......4. To see if the two methods gave the same measurement, the data was plotted and ......5. To control for bias, measurements were carried out by another person.6. To measure X, a question asking ...... was used.7. To determine whether ......, KG-1 cells were incubated for ......8. To establish whether ......,9. To increase the reliability of measures, each X was tested twice with a 4-min break between .......10. To compare the scores three weeks after initial screening, a global ANOVA F-test was used The vials were capped with ..... to prevent volatisation.11. In an attempt to make each interviewee feel as comfortable as possible, the interviewer ......1. For the purpose of height measurement, subjects were asked to stand .....2. For the purpose of analysis, 2 segments were extracted from each ......3. For the estimation of protein concentration, 100 μL of protein sample was mixed with ......1. Recently investigators have examined the effects of X on Y.2. In the past two decades a number of researchers have sought to determine ......3. Previous studies have reported ......4. A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies ......5. Smith (1984: 217) shows how, in the past, research into X was mainly concerned with .......6. Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) showed that ......7. The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with ......8. Recent evidence suggests that .......9. Several attemps have been made to ......10. A number of researchers have reported ......11. Xs were reported in the first models of Y (e.g., Smith, 1977; Smith, & Patel, 1977).12. What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how ...... Studies of X show the importance of .....1. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ......2. However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......3. Lack of X has existed as a health problem for many years.Despite its safety and efficacy, X suffers from several major drawbacks:4. However, research has consistently shown that first year students have not attained an adequate understanding of ......5. There is increasing concern that some Xs are being disadvantaged ......6. Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use.7. Questions have been raised about the safety of prolonged use of ......1. To date there has been little agreement on what ......2. More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about .....3. One observer has already drawn attention to the paradox in ......4. In many Xs a debate is taking place between Ys and Zs concerning ......5. The controversy about scientific evidence for X has raged unabated for over a century.6. Debate continues about the best strategies for the management of ......7. This concept has recently been challenged by ....... studies demonstrating .......1. So far, however, there has been little discussion about ......2. Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors .......3. However, far too little attention has been paid to ......4. In addition, no research has been found that surveyed .......5. So far this method has only been applied to ......6. This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of poverty that exist among ......7.However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive ......8.What is not yet clear is the impact of X on ......9.The neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood.10. However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between ......11. Until recently, there has been no reliable evidence that ......12. However, there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in ......13. Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002; Jones, 2003), but there is still insufficient data for .....14. No previous study has investigated X15. Although extensive research has been carried out on ...., no single study exists which .... ..1. Most studies in the field of X have only focussed on ......2. Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.3. The generalisability of much published research on this issue is problematic.4. The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about ......5. Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they .....6. However, few writers have been able to draw on any structured research into the opinions and attitudes of ......7. The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.8. The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.9. Researchers have not treated X in much detail.10. Previous studies of X have not dealt with ......11. Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether ......12. However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature ....13. Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which adequately covers ......14. However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if these differences still persist.15. X's analysis does not take account of ..... nor does he examine ......1. Part of the aim of this project is to develop software that is compatible with X operating system.2. The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of ......3. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate ...... 2. To ascertain ......4. The aim of this research project has therefore been to try and establish what ......5. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between ......6. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the doses and risks associated with ......7. This thesis intends to determine the extent to which ...... and whether .....8. This thesis will examine the way in which the .......9. This research examines the emerging role of X in the context of ......10. This dissertation seeks to explain the development of .......11. This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of .....12. Drawing upon two stands of research into X, this study attempts to ......13. The aim of ths study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of ......14. The major objective of this study was to investigate ......15. One purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which these factors were ......16. The objectives of this research are to determine ......17. This study therefore set out to assess the effect of management by ......, and the effect of ......18. This study systematically reviews the data for......, aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of ...../1. The central question in this dissertation asks how ......2. In particular, this dissertation will examine six main research questions:3. The hypothesis that will be tested is that ......4. The key research question of this study was thus whether or not ......5. This study aimed to address the following research questions:6. Another question is whether ......1. This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of ......2. This study was exploratory and interpretative in nature.3. The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was one of a qualitative, semi- structured interview methodology.4. By employing qualitative modes of enquiry, I attempt to illuminate the ...... This work takes the form of a case-study of the ......5. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in this investigation.6. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted to provide both descriptive, interpretive and empirical data.7. A holistc approach is utilised, integrating literary, numanistic and archeological material to establish ......8. The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: .....9. The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via .......10. Five works will be examined, all of which .....1. Due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of ...... It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the .......The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on a small sample of ......2. Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad. A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.1. The overall structure of the study takes the form of six chapters, including this introductory chapter.2. My thesis is composed of four themed chapters.3. Chapter Two begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research, and looks at how ......4. The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study.5. The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that have been identified in analysis.6. Chapter 6 analyses the results of interviews and focus group discussions undertaken during the course of this research, ......7. The final chapter draws upon the entire thesis, tying up the various theoretical and empirical strands in order to ......8. Finally, the conclusion gives a brief summary and critique of the findings,9. ......and includes a discussion of the implication of the findings to future research into this area.10. ...... Finally, areas for further research are identified.1. While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this dissertation will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as .......2. Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to .......3. In this dissertation the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used.4. According to ...... (2000) X can be defined as follows; " X is one of ...... "5. The term X is a relatively new name for ...... commonly referred to as ....。
SCI常用词汇和句型
SCI常用词汇和句型No.1Introduction常用的词汇Characterize:是…的特征; 以…为典型; 使…具有特点常用句型：In the present study, we try to characterize the role of sth in the promotion of health.Demonstrate: 证明; 证实; 论证; 说明常用句型：Previous studies have demonstrated that......Discover: (第一个) 发现; (出乎意料地) 发现常用句型1：It is of great interest to discover that...常用句型2：we have discovered that...Evaluate:估计; 评价; 评估常用句型1：The aim of this study was to evaluate...常用句型2：We evaluate its contribution to...常用句型3：In order to evaluate...Examine: 审查; 调查; 考查; 考察; (仔细地) 检查常用句型1：Examination of sth showed that...常用句型2：In this study, we have examined sth in ...Establish:建立; 创立; 设立; 建立(尤指正式关系)常用句型1：It has been established that + 句子常用句型2：句子was established by...Explore:探索; 考察; 探究; 调查研究; 探讨常用句型1：To further explore the effects of pressure, we... 常用句型2：We explored+ 句子Find: (经寻找、研究或思考) 发现，查明常用句型1：sth was founded...常用句型2：we find a method that can be used to... 常用句型3：it is founded that...Identify: 确认; 认出; 鉴定; 找到; 发现; 显示常用句型1：Sth was identified as a critical truth to...Investigate: 侦查(某事); 调查(某人)常用句型1：Sth was investigated常用句型2：In this report, we investigated that...常用句型3：The test is essential to investigate...Reveal: 揭示; 显示; 透露常用句型1：The experiments revealed that...常用句型2：Recent advances have revealed...Study: 研究; 调查常用句型1：We studied...常用句型2：A parametric study has been carried out for...常用句型3：句子+ was studiedNo.2描述要解决的问题时用到的词汇Aim: 目的; 目标; 目的是; 旨在常用句型1：The aim of this research is to provide...常用句型2：The aim of this study was to evaluate...Address: 处理；对付常用句型1：To address the issue of sth常用句型2：A graph was added to address the issues of...Describe: 描述；形容常用句型1：In this report, we describe an analytical method to/that... 常用句型2：As described in materials and methods of sth...No.3表转折的词汇despite: 尽管；即使；尽管自己不愿意（常用在开头）常用句型：Despite the detailed examination...However:然而；不过；不管怎样（用在开头表转折）常用句型1：In this study, however, that it would not be...常用句型2：However, he confirms there has recently beenIn contrast: 相反（句后的开头）常用句型: In contrast, the mummy of sth contains.....Unfortunately: 可惜；遗憾的是；不巧（单独用在句首）常用句型: Unfortunately, as I said, we don't seem to have learned... Present: 出现；提出；显示；提交常用句型1: This article presents...常用句型2: In this paper, a feasibility study of... is presentedpurpose: 目的；用途；目标；意图常用句型: The purpose of this study was...report:报告；报道；汇报常用句型1: A series of sth, including A, B, and C were subs-equently reported by... 常用句型2: As reported that...No.4有关过去和现在时间的词汇Current: 现在的；现行的；通用的常用句型1: Current scientific evidence indicates that...常用句型2: The current work discusses...Present: 目前；现在常用句型: The present study aims to explore...Previous: 先前的；以往的常用句型1: Previous studies demonstrated...常用句型2: The previous work has focused on...Recent: 最近的常用句型1: It was recently predicted that...常用句型2: The recent discussion...No.5用于举例的词In case of: 万一；假使；如果(用在句首)常用句型: In case of the specified parameters of...Especially: 格外；特别是；尤其是（常用在逗号后面）常用句型: Any sharply localized area with a fibrotic appeara-nce should be regarded as suspicious, especially if it has a stellate shape.For example: 例如（用在句首）常用句型: For example, as Silbert spoke about her prom experienceFor instance:例如（用在句首）常用句型1: For instance, it's easy to come up with常用句型2: The joint may be used to join a pair of structural components, for instance in an aerospace applicationInclude:包括；包含；使成为…的一部分（用在句中）常用句型1: To be considered with your bid, include the phrase常用句型2: Potential plans include traveling photographic exhibition.In particular:尤其；特别地；特别是（逗号后面或者句首）常用句型1: The utility model relates to a filtering apparatus, in particular to the filtering apparatus used for a variable air valve timing deviceSpecifically:具体来说；明确地（句中句首句尾均可以）常用句型1: Designed specifically for use in the car常用句型2: Specifically, he saidSuch as：比如；像这种的（常用在逗号后面）常用句型1: Everybody huddled with the body surface, such as loess.No.6描述实验部分的词汇According to: 根据；按照常用句型1: sth was transfected by sth according to...常用句型2:according to...Achieve: 完成（凭长期努力）达到（某目标、地位、标准）常用句型: Sth was achieved through/by...Acquire: 获得; 取得常用句型: Sth were acquired...Allow: 允许；准许常用句型: This method allowed us to determine...Assess: 评估；估算常用句型1: In order to assess...常用句型2: Sth was assessedCarry out:执行；实现常用句型1: Sth was carried out...常用句型2: It is difficult to carry out...常用句型3: In order to carry out...Collect: 收集；搜集常用句型1: Some samples were collected in the experiment. 常用句型2: Sth were collected through...Conduct:实施；执行常用句型: The field trial was conducted by...Expose: 暴露；揭露常用句型1: We exposed...常用句型2: It is well known that someone was exposed to...Generate: 产生；引起常用句型1: Sth was generated by...常用句型2: 句子+is generated常用句型3: Sth was used to generate...Keep: 保存；保留常用句型: The temperature was kept constant at 400℃for one hour.Obtain:获得；得到常用句型1: Sth have been obtained from the analysis of ...常用句型2: The result was obtained with...Perform: 执行常用句型1: Sth was performed by...常用句型2: Sth was performed using...Prepare: 配制常用句型1: A good method was prepared as described previously. 常用句型2: Sth was performed.Produce: 生产；制造常用句型: The pulse waveforms produced from cells and particles.Proceed:继续做（或从事、进行）常用句型1: The reactions are proposed to proceed in a two-step processProvide:提供常用句型1: We provide...常用句型2: The proper method provides...常用句型3: Sth was provided by...Purchase: 购买；采购常用句型:All chemicals were purchased from Eaton chemical companyRecord: 记录常用句型: The initial measurements were recorded at fixed temperatureSubject to: 处于…中；使服从常用句型: The device is subject to a magnetic field of 10TUndertake:着手做; 承担；从事常用句型: We undertook this study to understand...No.7描述先后顺序的词常用在实验方法的描述上面。
sci不同部分的常用句式
sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一，论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。
本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点，分别列举常用的句式，旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。
二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义：- 过去几十年里，关于...的研究取得了显著进展。
(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前，对于...的认识仍然不够充分。
(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题：- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。
(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。
(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计：- 采用了...的方法进行实验。
(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中，我们考虑了...的因素。
(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设，我们采用了...的实验方案。
(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本：- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。
SCI写作常用经典句子集锦
SCI写作常用经典句子集锦1、Tightrope act: autophagy in stem cell renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and aging摘要：（1）Autophagy is a constitutive lysosomal catabolic pathway that degrades damaged organelles and protein aggregates.（2）Stem cells are characterized by self-renewal, pluripotency, and quiescence; their long life span, limited capacity to dilute cellular waste and spent organelles due to quiescence, along with their requirement for remodeling in order to differentiate, all suggest that they require autophagy more than other cell types.（3）Here, we review the current literature on the role of autophagy in embryonic and adult stem cells, including hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and neuronal stem cells, highlighting the diverse and contrasting roles autophagy plays in their biology.（4）Novel techniques to detect autophagy in primary cells are required to study autophagy in different stem cell types.（5）These will help to elucidate the importance of autophagy in stem cells during transplantation, a promising therapeutic approach for many diseases.前言：（1）It is negatively regulated by serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and is a key process for cellular growth and metabolism, with its end products generating macromolecules to maintain cellular homeostasis.（2）The process starts with the formation of double-membraned autophagosomes, which sequester cargo and fuse with acidic lysosomes to form autolysosomes, wherein the cargo is degraded by acid hydrolases to release the end products.（3）There are over 30 autophagy-related (Atg) genes identified so far and these genes are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Atg8 and Atg12 encode two ubiquitin-like proteins;Atg12 is conjugated to Atg5 by Atg7 and Atg10, E1 and E2-like proteins, respectively, while Atg7 and Atg3 act to conjugate Atg8/LC3-I to phosphatidylethanolamine (LC3-IPE/LC3-II).（4）On induction of autophagy, the conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II is indicative of autophagosome formation, thus is widely used as a marker for autophagosome formation. （5）This pathway depends heavily on lysosomal activity and any defect in lysosomal degradation of autophagosomes can lead to their accumulation, impairing cell function and possibly leading to cell death by caspase activation.（6）As such, lysosomal inhibitors impair autophagic degradation;examples of these along with other pharmacological and genetic modulators are presented in Table 1.（7）Originally viewed as a non-selective, bulk process,it is now known that specific proteins and organelles are selected and degraded by autophagy (selective autophagy) via LC3-interacting adaptors such as p62 and NBR1 and autophagy receptors like Nix.（8）Moreover, as an intracellular recycling pathway autophagy plays a crucial role in the active elimination of unnecessary proteins and organelles, such as those that accumulate during the dynamic programme of stem cell renewal, proliferation and differentiation. （9）It not only provides bioenergetics support for these events but also takes care ofapoptotic bodies generated during the process.（10）Stem cells are non-specialized cells capable of differentiating into many different types of mature cells while maintaining the stem cell population through self-replication.（11）Stem cells are long-lived and undergo lengthy periods of quiescence.（12）We hypothesize that these unique properties of stem cells, namely (1) pluripotency and differentiation, (2) self-renewal, and (3) quiescence require autophagy.（13）Autophagy,as a highly inducible catabolic process,plays a pivotal role in the attainment of precise morphology and function by controlling protein turnover via mTOR regulation.（14）A fast and efficient removal of sets of transcription factors, enzymes, adhesion molecules, or released factors can be efficiently accomplished by autophagy, this being a great advantage for both differentiation and renewal.（15）For example, mitophagy is essential to preserve the ‘stemness’ or pluripotency of embryonic stem ce lls within in vitro long-term cultures by resisting genetic and/or mitochondrial damage.（16）Depending on their location in the body and the type of cells they produce, stem cells can be classified as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs).（17）Finally we will address how it can be modulated for stem cell-based gene therapy and other stem cell targeting approaches.（18）Stem cells are a very rare population within tissues, making them difficult to identify and therefore difficult to study.（19）Being small populations with a combination ofmultiple markers required to define them, stem cells call for more modern techniques in order to study their autophagy levels. （20）。
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sci论文常用句型摘抄1.Taken together, our data provide new mechanistic insights into possible endogenoussignaling metastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine) could increase theantitumor effects of doxorubicin, with no increase in toxicity, in an MCF7 breast cancer xenograft model.3.MIB1 (ki67) immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced proliferation with treatment.(用于ki67方面)4.Survivin embodies these properties, and5.Moreover, in pre-clinical bladder tumor models, inhibition of Survivin expression and/orfunction has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation, and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies, cytotoxics and radiation, has reached a plateau inthe treatment of many cancers, and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches.7.Median age was 62 years with a range of 40-74 years.8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so that their expression mightconcurrent with survivin.9.There is a hypothesis that10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied with a paper in this issue ofthe JCI by Altieri and colleagues.11.Thus, this raises an interesting question whether...12.raising the possibility that most, if not all, tumors express...13.The levels of p21 and p27 increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or incombination, compared to untreated controls.14.In contrast, it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignant tissues.15.On the contrary,...16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers and increase the number ofcitations you receive17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adr overexpress not only P-gp butalso XIAP and Survivin, and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine, in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7.18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but is undetectable in normaldifferentiated adult tissues, with the exception of testis, thymus, and placenta.19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infections ranges from 0% to 11.5%,20.Given these low rates, it is not clear whether new technical devices confer further advantages21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparent dressings were excluded.22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and will have to take penicillinfor a few months.ing these sites carried an increased risk of noninfectious complications25.Patients with gastroparesis are at increased risk for aspiration pneumonitis26.Some research suggests that frequent consumption of fruit and vegetable can cut the risk oflung cancer even in smoke. 有研究显示，对水果和蔬菜长期的消耗，甚至能使吸烟者患肺癌的危险性降低。
；转换：有研究显示，长期食用水果和蔬菜甚至能使吸烟者患肺癌的危险性降低27.since lower LDL was linked to smaller risk of vascular events.28.However, radiotherapy is an expensive treatment and is linked to the increased risk of otherlasting complications, such as impaired bowel function, incontinence, and sexual dysfunction.For that reason, radiotherapy should be targeted to patients showing a high risk of local recurrence, such as those with involvement of the circumferential resection margin.29.but reached the similar conclusion that HDAC was involved in the repressing effects of p53on survivin expression30.This study evaluated the choice in using chemo radiotherapy in patients who hadinvolvement of the circumferential resection margin, with one week sessions of radiotherapy prior to surgery.31.Total mesorectal excision is one of the latest advances in surgical techniques that haveenhanced patient outcomes32.That preoperative radiation can mitigate but not eliminate the adverse effects of imperfectsurgery. The best outcomes occurred when preoperative radiation was followed by optimum surgery…The next challenge is to understand which patient needs what therapy to maximise his or her chance for cure.33.While her sutures heal, Heather has a stoma34.exercise helps you recover from a heart attack but only if you keep it up.35.The authors wrote that we already know that exercise benefits patients with coronary arterydisease, but there is little evidence on which types of exercise have the most impact.36.The researchers measured the participants' endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation)before and after 4 weeks of different types of exercise training and then after 1 month of no training.37.V ona said it was important to keep exercising in the longer term.38.The follow-up lasted（not …was‟）14-122 months39.All 23 patients met the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome40.No perioperative complications were encountered41.Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions.42.Attention is also shifting from the osteoclast as a target for new therapies to the osteoblastand the osteocyte, with its complex network within the depths of bone.43.its application in oncology would become greatly limited because its efficacy is achieved atthe expense of fatal toxicity.44.Man proposes，God disposes(谋事在人，成事在天)45.Bronchiectasis differs from chronic bronchitis in that the former is more of a localizeddisease. 支气管扩张与慢性支气管炎的区别在于前者更是一种局限性疾患。