汉英翻译教程

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英汉汉英翻译教程参考译文

英汉汉英翻译教程参考译文

第6课The Miao Dragon Boat Festival (II)The Miao Dragon Boat Festival is different from / differs from the Hans’ / that of the Hans / the Han celebration. Apart from / Besides / In addition to a different date of celebration from that of the Hans’ (which takes place / happens / is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month) , it generally does not include a dragon boat race, but (it) chiefly (includes) visits to friends and relatives in other villages instead. The dragon boat begins its voyage along the river early in the morning / in the early morning, and is received by friends and relatives wherever / at any place where it stops / arrives.When it approaches / comes near a village, an iron blaster is set off to announce its arrival / inform friends and relatives (of its arrival). Villagers on the bank respond with firecrackers / set off firecrackers in response and come to meet it. The hosts present two cups of rice wine to each oarsman / present each oarsman with two cups of rice wine and then tie / fasten gifts—ducks, geese, and colored silks—(on) to the head of the dragon. Gifts for close relatives, like / such as sons-in-law or cousins, are pigs or goats.At about 4 p.m. the boat stops alongside the river bank. The people on the boat eat, with their fingers / without using bowls and chopsticks, meat and glutinous rice balls (which are) placed on the sides of the boat. Women and children on the bank come to “beg”the boatmen for food. Legend had it that if one ate food from a dragon boat, he would be free from disaster and have all his wishes fulfilled, / eating food from a dragon boat would protect one from disaster and fulfill all one’s wishes, which / and that later became a tradition / traditional custom.On the banks of the river are also held / there are also the Miaos’traditional horse races, bullfights and drum dances. Girls in holiday clothes / holiday attire / holiday array / their holiday best dance to (the accompaniment of) (log) drums / (log) drum beats. Young men and women sing antiphonally all through the festival nights; they get to know each other / get acquainted with each other thereby, and often get married / become man and wife later.第7课大本钟大本钟是伦敦最有名的地标之一,也是世界上最大的四钟面时钟之一。

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。

汉英翻译教程

汉英翻译教程
英译汉教程
2 Contrastive Studies of
English and Chinese
2.3 English vs. Chinese: Ten Pairs of Features
Simon Teaching
2.3.1 Synthetic vs. Analytic(综合 语与分析语)
A synthetic language is characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships. An analytic language is marked by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms. Modern English has become analytic but still frequently uses some hereditary inflections from Old English(a synthetic language). It is therefore a synthetic-analytic language(综合-分析语). Chinese is a typical analytic language(分析语). When the words of a language are inflective in form, they are said to be associative in quality and therefore synthetic in construction. On the other hand, words not inflective in form are considered as isolating in quality and therefore analytic in construction. Inflection(变化词形),word order(安排词序)and the use of function words(运用虚词) are employed as the three grammatical devices in building English sentences.

(完整版)英汉翻译教程

(完整版)英汉翻译教程

英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程:1.翻译的定义和内涵:(Definition and Connotation)Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles)严复:信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。

The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷:神似--—spiritual conformity。

Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。

强调原作神韵再现。

钱钟书:化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德:信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3.中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。

目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流.4.直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译:free translation直译的例子:crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿; chain reaction连锁反应;gentlemen's agreement君子协定; one country, two systems 一国两制;The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流;paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气; go to one’s external rest——-安息; the long sleep——-长眠;see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂; blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿:直译不等于死译(dead translation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生:Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。

新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇9787544631914整理笔记

新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇9787544631914整理笔记

第一章绪论1.1 翻译的性质和分类1. 翻译的定义:Definition of translation翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。

翻译的本质是释义,是意义的转换。

2. 翻译的分类:Classification of translation按文本而言,分为文学翻译、科级翻译、应用文翻译就方式而言,分为全译、摘译、编译。

全译:全文照译,全译是翻译的最基本方式,它是翻译的基础。

摘译:根据特定目的的摘取、翻译原文中的部分内用,以利译文读者更方便,更快捷的获取原文文献主要信息的方式。

编译:则是“编辑”和“”翻译的结合。

3.翻译活动涉及的因素:Factors involved in translation activities译者:translator, 作者:author, 原文: source text,原文读者: source-text readers译文:target text/translated text/target version, 译文读者: target-text readers1.2 汉英翻译的单位----句子C-E Translation Unit句子:句子是用词或词组构成的一个能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位。

每个句子都有一定的语调,表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气。

在连续说话时,句子和句子中间有一个较大的停顿。

在书面上,句子的停顿处,要根据不同的语调分别用句号、问号火感叹号。

(定义来自《汉语大辞典》)从意义上讲,句子能够表示一个完整的意思从功能上讲,句子表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气从形态上讲,句末有句号、问号或感叹号为标志因此,句子是较为理想的翻译单位。

1.3 汉英翻译的标准Standards for C-E TranslationChinese translation standards1.严复的标准信:faithfulness 指准确的传达原文的内容,即信于读者和作者,不允许对原作有任何歪曲或篡改,译作不容许有任何遗漏和省略。

汉英翻译教程_课件_U2

汉英翻译教程_课件_U2

二、中国时政文献翻译策略
使用被动语态 具体语境下,可考虑将原文隐含主语句的宾语或相关内容调整为译文的主
语,形成被动语态,突出原文语义重点。 例. 党的十八大以来,➊我们坚持导向为魂、移动为先、内容为王、创新
为要,➋在体制机制、政策措施、流程管理、人才技术等方面加快融合步伐, ➌建立融合传播矩阵,➍打造融合产品,➎取得了积极成效。
二、中国时政文献翻译策略
• 人才强国战略 the strategy on developing a quality workforce • 建设制造强国 to build China into a manufacturer of quality • 加快建设人才强国 to step up efforts to make China a talent-strong country • 推进体育强国建设 to build China into a country strong in sport • 实现农业大国向农业强国跨越 to transform China from a country with high agricultural output to one with a leading edge in agriculture
• 爱国统一战线 patriotic united front • 社会主义核心价值观 the core socialist values • 中国特色社会主义 socialism with Chinese characteristics
二、中国时政文献翻译策略
中国时政文献经常借助隐喻修辞或生活化语言表达具体语义,语言风格 独特,语义鲜明,在具体语境下可考虑保留原文词语的语言特色,形象传达 原文思想内容,也可以归为对应式翻译策略。

新编汉英翻译教程答案

新编汉英翻译教程答案

新编汉英翻译教程答案【篇一:(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第二章汉英翻译基础知识】xt>1.探春笑道:“只恐又是你的杜撰。

”宝玉笑道:“除《四书》外,杜撰的太多,偏只我是杜撰不成?”“youre making that up, im afraid,” teased tan chun. “most works, apart from the four books, are made up; am i the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin.2.贾母笑道:“你不认得他,他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿,南省俗谓作‘辣子’,你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。

”“you dont know her, ”said grandmother jia merrily. “shes aholy terror this one. what we used to call in nanking a‘peppercorn’. you just call her ‘peppercorn feng’. shell know who you mean!” (david hawkes 译)3.贾母笑道:“外客未见,就脱了衣裳,还不去见你妹妹!” with a smile at pao-yu, the lady dowager s colded, “fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道:“可又是胡说,你又何曾见过他?”“youre talking nonsense again,” said his grandmother, laughing. “how could you possibly have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的老狐狸。

新编汉英翻译教程 第四章(Shortened)

新编汉英翻译教程  第四章(Shortened)

谓语的选择和确定,须兼顾表意和构句的二重需 要,即考虑英语语法规范、搭配习惯和逻辑关系等 问题。 所谓“表意的需要”,指选择谓语时,除考虑该 词语本身能否准确传达原文意义外,还要关照其与 主语的语义关联,亦即逻辑的关联,以及主谓词语 的搭配。此外,谓语动词和宾语的搭配,连系动词 和表语的搭配,以及这两种搭配产生的修辞效果, 也都影响和制约谓语的选择。 而“构句的需要”,则指谓语的确定必须符合英 语语法的需要,必须遵循主谓一致的原则,符合英 语语法规范。
2. 考虑谓语表意的需要时,还必须关照其与主语的语义 关联以及主谓词语的搭配。请看下列例句: 世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。 a. The turn of the century finds China most active in its diplomatic arena. b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
例:液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化,因为 液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之,无论你把它 放在什么样的容器中,它的形状总是和容器的内 壁完全一样。 Since a liquid has no definite shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container. In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container. 译文和原文一样含两个主从复合句。遵照英语语 法对主谓一致和动词时态、语态的要求,谓语分别 译为第三人称单数一般现在时的has和varies、一般 现在时被动语态的is poured和将来时态的will take。
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汉英翻译教程《汉英翻译教程》第一章词的选择词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解,而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。

有些词看起来很简单,翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。

但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。

例如: 还要努力读一点历史和小说。

We should also find time to read some history books and novels.这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的,如译为make an effort,则会使人误解为我们文化水平低,读历史和小说很费力。

再比如“水平”一词译成英语,不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。

1(他的英语水平比我的高。

He knows more English than I.这里,汉语“水平”一词虽未译出,但其以已含在句子中。

若照汉语字面应译成:The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。

2(要奋发图强,把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。

We must work hard to raise to a new height the military andpoliticalquality of our army…….这里“水平”指高度,故译作height,和动词搭配也比较顺。

3(各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。

Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.这里的“领导水平”,实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership.以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定,在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词,才能译得准确。

因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。

(一)注意词的广义与狭义英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别,运用范围也就各不相同。

例如1(农业是国民经济的基础。

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.原文“农业”一词是广义,指一切农业经济(农、牧、林、渔),古译作agriculture。

但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中,农与林木副渔并立,是指耕作的农业,不是指整个农业经济,古译作farming。

整个词组应译为the principle of combiningfarming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery.2(他从不喝酒。

He never touches wine.原文“酒”是指一切酒类,故译作 wine。

但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中,“酒”是狭义,是和淡性酒相对而言的,又需译作spirits。

(二)注意词义的强弱3( 反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。

1The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation.这里的“愤怒”含义强烈,故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger.4(孙中山是个好人。

Dr. Sun Yet-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。

(三)注意词义的褒贬由于人们对事物的态度不同,就会使用含有不同感情色彩的词,或肯定、赞扬、或否定、鄙视。

这种感情色彩应相应地在译文中表达出来,例如: ,就是不要被假象所迷惑。

5(我们应该从这里得出一条经验We should draw a lesson here: Don’t be misled by false appearances.这里的“经验”不是成功的经验,而是从错误或失败中得出的经验,所以译文用了a lesson.6(他们讲唯心论,我们讲唯物论。

They preach idealism whereas we advocate materialism.同是一个“讲”字,译文中一处用preach, 另一处用advocate,一褒一贬,反映了对两种世界观的不同态度。

(四)注意词的语体色彩同义词之间的差别,不仅表现在词义方面,而且也表现在语体色彩方面,例如7(别了,司徒雷登Farewell, Leighton Stuart!这是毛主席批评美国白皮书的一篇文章的标题,译文选用了farewell一词。

若用goodbye,则不能表现出原文所具有的特殊语气和轻蔑口吻。

8(禁止赌博。

Gambling is prohibited.原文“禁止”的语体色彩较为正式,故译作prohibit. 9(这小伙子干活真冲。

This young fellow does his work with vim and vigour.这里的“真冲”是口语体,译者注意了这一点,相应地也用了口语词vim表达。

(五)注意词的政治含义10(“农民”peasant 和farmer都可以和汉语的“农民”或“农夫”相对应。

但是这个词的含义却有差别。

Farmer本指农场的经营者或所有者。

现在也可指以耕种为目的而租入土地的人。

Peasant指住在农村中的小农和以耕种土地为生的劳动者。

英美国家常用farmer指一般农民,而我们常用peasant指一般农民,并与landlord或worker相对而言。

11(“侵略”invasion 和aggression都是汉语“侵略”的对应词。

Invasion指军事入侵,而aggression的含义范围较广,可指政治、军事、经济、文化各方面。

12(“自主”autonomy和initiative都可以和汉语的“自主”相对应。

Autonomy指政治上有自治权利;initiative主要指思想上、行动上有主动性或独立性。

“独立自主”中的“自主”是指后一种意思,所以用initiative.213(打得赢就打,打不赢就走。

Fight when you can win, move away when you cannot.比较:Fight when we can win and run away when we cannot.(六)注意词的搭配汉英两种语言在长期使用过程中形成了各自的固定词组和搭配用法,翻译时必须注意两者的不同,不能把汉语词的搭配用法生搬硬套到英语译文中。

例如:战火扩大:the flames of war expand (应为spread)实现自给自足:achieve self-sufficiency (应为reach)学习知识:learn knowledge (应为 acquire)违反他的意图:violate his intention (应为go against) 严密控制:close control (应为strict/rigid)“啊,好票~”: Ah, good ticket! (应为seat)有资格打世界大战:qualified to fight a world war (应为capable of fighting/can afford to/powerful enough to) 西方舆论纷纷预测:The public opinion in the West predicts one afteranother (应为The Western press has much to say in prediction)强硬政策:Strong policy (应为tough)搭配不单是逻辑上的问题,但大多数还是语言习惯问题。

我们要有意识地去熟悉哪些词经常连用,哪些词不能连用,否则就必然会出现“想当然”和“任意乱套”之类的错误。

不过,语言在发展,有些原来不能搭配的,现在可以了,因为有人在创新。

创新如果站得住脚,久而久之使用的人多了,就成为惯用的语言现象。

注意一些新的搭配,如:ground breaking theory(创新的理论)mental gymnastics (硬性推销)student friend(同窗学友)covert capability (搞情报的能力)第二章词的增补汉译英中的增词现象很多,尤其在译古代汉语或诗词时,由于汉语用词十分经济,译为英语时,如不增加必要的词语而逐字直译,便很令人费解。

如我们常引用的一句诗:“山雨欲来风满楼”,译成英语是:The wind swept through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountain.原文只有七个字,而英译文则增加到十三个词。

为了保证译文语法结构的完整,可适当增补代词(或名词)、连词、介词、冠词等。

汉语里无主语的句子相当多。

英语则不同,句子一般都需要有主语。

所以在翻译这类无主语句子时有时要采用被动式或There be…结构等办法。

此外,还常常需要根据上下文的意思选择适当的代词(或名词)来补出主语。

例如3(一)代词1(“凭舟极目望去,远处是黛色青山和五彩斑斓的田野。

”Leaning against the boat, you can see dark green mountains and gorgeousfields in the far distance.2(接到你的来信,非常高兴。

I was very glad to have received your letter.物主代词在汉语里远不如英语利用得多。

在英语里凡说到一个人的器官和归他所有的或与它有关的事物时,总要在前面加上物主代词,例如: 3(孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。

The children take their lunches to school every day. 4(她用手蒙住脸,好像是为了保护眼睛。

She covered her face with her hand, as if to protect her eyes.汉语句子中,只要从上下文里能够看得清楚,作宾语的代词常常可以省掉。

可是英语就不行,凡及物动词都得有宾语。

因此汉译英时,经常要增补作宾语的代词。

例如:5(把这些故事看完以后,用你自己的话讲一遍。

After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 6(请原谅,打断你一下。

Excuse me for interrupting you.(二)连词汉语中的词、词组、分句或句子之间的关系往往通过上下文及语序来表示,较少用连词。

英语通常需要用连词来表明词与词、词组与词组以及句与句的逻辑关系。

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