2019年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析
2019年考研英语二真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the followingthe best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on theANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it2.As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of4the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in weight7altering your training program.The most8changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these9,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10. Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to11my weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and12any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to13my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in14to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I’m constantly15and dropping weight,this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in.I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19I’m training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution7.[A]due to[B]regardless of[C]aside from8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again11.[A]report[B]track[C]overlook12.[A]depend on[B]approve of[C]hold onto13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting19.[A] B ecause[B]unless[C]until20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling [D]However [D]reduces [D]formally [D]accepting [D]reach [D]prediction [D]along with [D]immediate [D]methods [D]indeed [D]conceal [D]account for [D]prepare [D]tests [D]sick [D]sign [D]wish [D]consuming [D] if[D]triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren’t born knowing how to say“I’m sorry”;rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends--and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable--it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary--feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a2014study,for example,Malti looked at244children Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations,she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to shared them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,”Malti says.“We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret,”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_______.[A]regulate a child’s basic emotions[B]improve a child’s intellectual ability[C]foster a child’s moral development[D]intensify a child’s positive feelings22.According to Paragraph2,many people still consider guilt to be________.[A]deceptive[B]burdensome[C]addictive[D]inexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that________.[A]emotions are context-independent[B]emotions are socially constructive[C]emotional stability can benefit health[D]an emotion can play opposing roles24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.[A]may help correct emotional deficiencies[B]can result form either sympathy or guilt[C]can bring about emotional satisfaction[D]may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to_______.[A]teachings[B]discussions[C]restrictions[D]wrongdoingsText2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest,including by controlled burning.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since2010,drought and insects have killed over100 million trees in California,most of them in2016alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California’s plans treat35,000acres of forest a year by2020,and60,000by2030-financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions.That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.Califormia’s plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.26.By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that________.[A]global climate change may get out of control[B]people may misunderstand global warming[C]extreme weather conditions may arise[D]forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable“carbon sinks,”we may need to_______.[A]preserve the diversity of species in them[B]accelerate the growth of young trees[C]strike a balance among different plants[D]lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to________.[A]cultivate more drought-resistant trees[B]reduce the density of some of its forests[C]find more effective ways to kill insects[D]restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph5?[A]To handle the areas in serious danger first.[B]To carry it out before the year of2020.[C]To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.[D]To obtain enough financial support.30.The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as________.[A]ambiguous[B]tolerant[C]supportive[D]cautiousAmerican farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration,and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market,the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to crate a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress.If this doesn’t change.American munities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the U.S.,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Today’s farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled,rather than migrating,and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of35.Now,more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along:Native U.S.workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least.Production of com,cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from2011to2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to66,000 annually.Even so,employers frequently complain they aren’t allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A worker to arrive on the job an average of22days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a2012survey,71percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly80percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico.From1998-2000,14.5percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imported fruit had increased to25.8percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?[A]Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.[B]Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.[C]Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.[D]Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is________.[A]the rising number of illegal immigrants[B]the high mobility of crop workers[C]the lack of experienced laborers[D]the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S.farming?[A]To attract younger laborers to farm work.[B]To get native U.S.workers back to farming.[C]To use more robots to grow high-value crops.[D]To strengthen financial support for farmers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its________.[A]slow granting procedures[B]limit on duration of stay[C]tightened requirements[D]control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?[A]U.S.Agriculture in Decline?[B]Import Food or Labor?[C]America Saved by Mexico?[D]Manpower vs.Automation?Arnold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:It’s easy to beat plastic.They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastic crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have“done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions—a kind of“moral licensing”that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws,we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as“consumers”we must shop sustainably,rather than as“citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s.We shouldn’t expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things,Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will“eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022.”There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It’s just about putting things into perspective.We don’t have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action(and rein in polluting businesses),alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36.Some celebrities star in a new video to.[A]demand new laws on the use of plastics[B]urge consumers to cut the use of plastics[C]invite public opinion on the plastics crisis[D]disc lose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that“moral licensing”may[A]mislead us into doing worthless things[B]prevent us from making further efforts[C]weaken our sense of accomplishment[D]suppress our desire for success38.By pointing out our identity as“citizens,”,the author indicates that[A]our focus should be shifted shifted to community welfare[B]our relationship with local industries is improving[C]We have been actively exercising our civil rights[D]We should press our government to lead the combat39.DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be.[A]a win-win arrangement[B]a self-driven mechanism[C]a cost-effective approach[D]a top down process40.The author concludes that individual efforts[A]can be too aggressive[B]can be too inconsistent[C]are far from sufficient[D]are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home,Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand:a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an option when it comes to housing,and in many cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’real estate decisions,according to a2018Harris Poll survey of more than 2000US adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial,personal and long-term effects kids’opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process,and Ryan Hooper,a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski,a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates,said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home---but their options should be considered to regards to proximity to friends and social activities,if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home---without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey,a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of home buying aren’t a consideration for children,said Tracey Hampson,a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita,Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside,Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,”he said.“HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate.It’s not shelter,it’s a lifestyle.With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally,Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time,said Julie Gurner,a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say,that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions,but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before,even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.A.remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.41.Ryan Hooper B.says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.42.Adam Bailey C.advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions.43.Tracey Hampson D.thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.44.Aaron Norris E.notes that aspects like children’s friends and social activities should be considered uponhomebuying.45.Julie Gurner F.believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than theiropinions.G.assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points) It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot.He had such a pleasant,readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say,“I could write a book,I just haven’t the time”Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of,as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”.While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing,re-writing and reading.Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith,write him an email to Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Wrote him an email to1)suggest a specific with your reasons,and2)tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1、【答案】[D]However【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)来源：文都教育2019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text1是关于内疚的好处的文章，第一篇文章总体不难，文都教育的英语老师就第一篇阅读答案给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项也对应给出。
阅读理解Text1 答案21.[C] foster a child’s moral development22.[B] burdensome23.[D] an emotion can play opposing roles24.[B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25.[D] wrongdoings解析：21.根据题干Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.内容定位到第一段最后一句This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. 由最后一句的this指代词，可知原因在第一段的前几句，根据第一句Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 和第二句Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. 可知内疚不是天生的，而是和一个孩子的道德规范有关，是通过后天学习获得的。
2019考研英语(二)真题参考答案完整版
2019考研英语(二)真题参考答案完整版2019考研英语(二)真题参考答案完整版SectionⅠ Use of English完型填空答案1. [D] However2. [A] helps3. [B] solely4. [B] lowering5. [D] reach6. [B] depiction7. [A] due to8. [D] immediate9. [C] reasons10. [A] instead11. [A] track12. [D] account for13. [B] adjust14. [A] results15. [C] hungry16. [D] sign17. [C] decision18. [A] disappointing19. [A] because20. [A] obsessingSectionⅡ Reading Comprehension(50 points)Part A阅读答案Text 121. [C] foster a child’s moral development22. [B] burdensome23. [D] an emotion can play opposing roles24. [B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25. [D] wrongdoingsText 226. [D] forests may become a potential threat27. [D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. [B] reduce the density of some of its forests29. [A] To handle the areas in serious danger first30. [C] supportiveText 331. [C] Flaws in U. S. immigratinon rules for farm workers.32. [D] the aging of immigrant farm workers33. [B] To get native workers back to farming.34. [A] slow graning procedures.35. [B] Import Food or Labor?Text 436. [B] urge consumers to cut the use of plastics37. [B] prevent us from making further efforts38. [D] We should press our government to lead the combat39. [D] a top down process40. [C] are far from sufficientPart B新题型答案41. [A] remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children42. [D] thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decision43. [C] advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions44. [G] assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media45. [F] believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions.Section Ⅲ Translation翻译答案我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。
2019年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1、【答案】[D]However【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。
首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是一种解任何显著的的体重波动的好方法。
空格所在句指出：____，如果太频繁，这种习惯有时会造成损害。
前文wonderful way(好方法)与后文hurt(损害)形成转折关系，故填入however(然而)。
另外，however 也是考研完形填空中的高频词。
其他选项：therefore(因此)，otherwise(否则)和besides(此外)此处不符合语境，故正确答案为[D]However。
2、【答案】[A]helps【解析】此处考察反义复现。
空格所在句指出：this habit can sometimes hurt more than it ____(这种习惯的坏处要比____多)，应该是help(有帮助，有好处)，与前文hurt(损害)形成反义复现。
其他选项：Cares(关心)，warns(警告)，reduces(减少，致使)均不能与hurt形成呼应，故正确答案为[A]helps。
3、【答案】[B]solely【解析】此处考察同义复现+词义辨析。
空格所在句指出：至于我，每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康和好动转移到____专注于体重秤。
填入solely(仅仅)语义通顺。
另外本句focusing solely on the scale中的solely(仅仅)与本段后文thinking only of____the number on the scale的only形成了同义复现。
故正确答案为[B]solely。
4、【答案】[B]lowering【解析】此处考察词义辨析+反义复现。
空格所在句指出：我曾经以增加肌肉含量而增重，但后来只考虑____体重的数量，我改变了我的训练方案。
填入lowering(减少)语义通顺。
2019考研英语二真题答案
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语试题（二）参考答案
Section I: Use of English (10 points)
1-5: DABBD
6-10: B ADCA
11-15:ADBAC
16-20:DCADA
Section II: Reading Comprehension (60
points) Part A (40 points)
21-25: 26-30: CBDBD DDBAC
31-35: CDBAB
36-40: BBDDC
Part B (10 points)
41-45:A-D-C-G-F
Part C (10 points)
我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。
他有着一种令人愉快的、可读的风格，有人认为这种风格任何人都可以模仿得来。
很多次我听到人们说：“我能写一本书，我只是没时间。
”说起来容易，做起来难。
然而与大家通常所想的不同，正如吉米·哈利所言，他在早年觉得“尝试写作游戏”并非易事。
显然，即便他极具写作天赋，哈利呈现给这个世界的作品也是经过多年的练习、重写、阅读并且经过润色之后才得以形成的。
与大多数作家一样，一路走来，吉米·哈利不得不经受多次的失望与拒绝，但是这一切更坚定了他获取成功的决心。
他生命中所取得的一切，都是依靠自己艰苦的努力所获得的。
他在文学领域的成功也不例外。
2019年考研英语(二)真题完整版(附答案及详细解析)
2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题完整版附答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution [D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says A mrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guiltand sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A）regulate a child's basic emotionsB）improve a child's intellectual abilityC）foster a child’s moral developmentD）intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A）deceptiveB）burdensomeC）addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awarenessthat______.A）emotions are context-independentB）emotions are socially constructiveC）emotional stability can benefit healthD）an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By s aying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. Califo rnia’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predo minantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store orquitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Yo unger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section Ⅲ Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSW ER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, re adable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so ea sily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an ab undance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the re sult of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard w ay and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instea d. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详细解析1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。
2019考研英语二真题及答案
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the sa me, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However2. A. helps B. cares C. warns D. reduces3. A. initially B. solely C. occasionally D. formally4. A. recording B. lowering C. explaining D. accepting5. A. modify B. set C. review D. reach6. A. definition B. depiction C. distribution D. prediction7. A.due to B. regardless of C. aside from D. along with8. A. orderly B. rigid C. precise D. immediate9. A. claims B. judgments C. reasons D. methods10. A. instead B. though C. again D. indeed11. A. report B. track C. overlook D. conceal12. A. depend on B. approve of C. hold onto D. account for13. A. prepare B. share C. adjust D. confirm14. A. results B. features C. rules D. tests15. A. bored B. anxious C. hungry D. sick16. A. principle B. secret C. belief D. sign17. A. request B. necessity C. decision D. wish18. A. disappointing B. surprising C. restricting D. consuming19. A. if B. because C. unless D. until20. A. obsessing B. dominating C. puzzling D. triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends –and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable –it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says A mrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary –feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help ______.A. foster a child’s moral developmentB. regulate a child’s basic emotionsC. improve a child’s intellectual abilityD. intensify a child’s positive feelings22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be ______.A. inexcusableB. deceptiveC. addictiveD. burdensome23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.A. emotions are context-independentB. an emotion can play opposing rolesC. emotions are socially constructiveD. emotional stability can benefit health24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing ______.A. may be the outcome of impulsive actsB. may help correct emotional deficienciesC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. can result from either sympathy or guilt25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to ______.A. teachingsB. wrongdoingsC. discussionsD. restrictionsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap – but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 –financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions. That’s only a sma ll share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that ______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. forests may become a potential threatC. people may misunderstand global warmingD. extreme weather conditions may arise27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to ______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. strike a balance among different plants28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ______.A. restore its forests quickly after wildfiresB. cultivate more drought-resistant treesC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. reduce the density of some of its forests29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5A. To obtain enough financial support.B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.C. To handle the areas in serious danger first.D. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as ______.A. supportiveB. ambiguousC. tolerantD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the . and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American busine sses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of . farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still pr edominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native . workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either – not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was percent.In effect, the . can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphsA. Decline of job opportunities in . agriculture.B. Discrimination against foreign workers in the .C. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.D. Flaws in . immigration rules for farm workers.32. One trouble with . agricultural workforce is ______.A. the aging of immigrant farm workersB. the rising number of illegal immigrantsC. the high mobility of crop workersD. the lack of experienced laborers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in . farmingA. To strengthen financial support for farmers.B. To attract younger laborers to farm work.C. To get native . workers back to farming.D. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ______.A. control of annual admissionsB. slow granting proceduresC. limit on duration of stayD. tightened requirements35. Which of the following could be the best title for this textA. Manpower vs. AutomationB. . Agriculture in DeclineC. Import Food or LaborD. America Saved by MexicoText 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day –encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need t o have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions– a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority –or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombr e isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video to ______.A. disclose the causes of the plastics crisisB. demand new laws on the use of plasticsC. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsD. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may ______.A. suppress our desire for successB. mislead us into doing worthless thingsC. prevent us from making further effortsD. weaken our sense of accomplishment38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates that ______.A. we should press our governments to lead the combatB. we have been actively exercising our civil rightsC. our relationship with local industries is improvingD. our focus should be shifted to community welfare39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be ______.A. a top-down processB. a win-win arrangementC. a self-driven mechanismD. a cost-effective approach40. The author concludes that individual efforts ______.A. can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from rationalD. are far from sufficientPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How seriously should parents take kids’ opinions when searching for a home In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids ha ve a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in man y cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 . adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate broker with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home – but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Youn ger children should feel like they’re choosing their home –without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions,” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children – especially older ones – may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come so me serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best – and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计绝密★启用前2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试○英语（二）试题参考答案○Ⅰ．英语知识运用1. D2. A3. B4. B5. D6. B7. A8. D9. C 10. A11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. AⅡ．阅读理解A节21. A 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. B26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. A31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C36. C 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. DB节41. A 42. D 43. C 44. G 45. FⅢ．翻译46.英国作家詹姆斯·海里厄特容易被人低估。
2019考研英语(二)阅读真题答案及解析(text2)
2019考研英语（二）阅读真题答案及解析(text2)来源：文都教育2019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text2是应对气候变化的文章，文都教育的英语老师就2019考研英语(二)阅读第二篇给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项内容也对应给出。
阅读理解Text2 答案26.[D] forests may become a potential threat27.[D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.[B] reduce the density of some of its forests29.[A] To handle the areas in serious danger first30.[C] supportive解析：根据题干By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.定位到原文第一段第一句，但是我们发现第一段只提到了one of the harder challenges，而没有给出harder challenges指什么，也就是没有给出本题的答案，因此我们需要看第一句后面的句子。
第一句是中心句，后面的句子是对第一句进行阐述，根据后面的句子的阐述，我们可知尽管我们人类依靠森林来吸收大量的二氧化碳，但是我们造成的气候变化将会使我们的森林最终会释放的碳比吸收的碳还要多。
也就是D选项所说的森林可能会成为潜在的威胁。
因此答案为D选项。
根据题干To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.定位到原文第二段第二句Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. 其中may require 后面的内容就是题干问的内容。
2019考研英语(二)真题答案解析(完整版)
2019考研英语(二)真题答案解析(完整版) SectionⅠ Use of English1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。
空格前面说到定期称重能够协助我们注重自身体重的明显变化，这是正面描述，但是空格后面说的是负面描述，我们能够从词汇hurt上面感觉到语气的转变，所以，我们这里选择D,However(不过). 所给的答案中[A]Besides(除此之外)，[B] Therefore(所以)， [D]Otherwise(否则)，意思都不符合题意。
2. [答案] 【A】helps[解析] 此处是考查词义复现。
空格所在的句子的意思是说：这种习惯的坏处有时候要比...多，很明显想表达的意思是弊大于利，所以空格处应该写表示利的同义词，这里所给的答案中，A helps(有协助)复合题意，其他[B]cares(关心)，[C] warns(警告),[D] reduces(减少)带入句中都不符合题意。
3. [答案] 【B】solely[解析] 此处是词汇考查。
空格所在的句子的意思是：每天称重会让我转译注意力到体重的数值上，而不是宽泛的身体健康上。
此处和后面的4题的数值也很匹配，所以答案是B solely表示仅仅。
而其他答案[A] initially(最初地)[B]solely(仅仅地)[C]occasionally(偶尔地) [D] formally(正式地)都不合题意。
4. [答案] 【B】lowering[解析] 此处是词义辨析题。
空格所在的句子的意思和上文3空格的意思想对应，我虽然体重增加是因为肌肉的增强，但是我所想的是体重秤上的数字增大了，所以会注重怎样把数字降下来，所以这里应该选择是B (lowering)降低的意思。
其他选项[A]recording(记录) [C]explaining(解释) [D]accepting(接受)都不能表达此意。
5. [答案] 【D】reach[解析] 此处是固定搭配题。
2019考研英语阅读真题答案及解析text2
2019考研英语（二）阅读真题答案及解析(text2)来源：文都教育2019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text2是应对气候变化的文章，文都教育的英语老师就2019考研英语(二)阅读第二篇给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项内容也对应给出。
阅读理解Text2 答案26.[D] forests may become a potential threat27.[D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.[B] reduce the density of some of its forests29.[A] To handle the areas in serious danger first30.[C] supportive解析：31.根据题干By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.定位到原文第一段第一句，但是我们发现第一段只提到了one of the harder challenges，而没有给出harder challenges指什么，也就是没有给出本题的答案，因此我们需要看第一句后面的句子。
第一句是中心句，后面的句子是对第一句进行阐述，根据后面的句子的阐述，我们可知尽管我们人类依靠森林来吸收大量的二氧化碳，但是我们造成的气候变化将会使我们的森林最终会释放的碳比吸收的碳还要多。
也就是D选项所说的森林可能会成为潜在的威胁。
因此答案为D选项。
32.根据题干To maintain forests as v aluable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.定位到原文第二段第二句Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. 其中may require 后面的内容就是题干问的内容。
2019年考研英语二阅读
2019年考研英语二阅读2019年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案Passage OneWhen I was 33, I walked out of my lifelong job at a local newspaper. It was the end of a long process of self-doubt and soul-searching that finally led to my realizing that I was wasting my time, energy and talent on a career that didn't fulfill me. It was a difficult decision, but I had finally decided to start fresh in a field that would engage all my creative and intellectual capabilities.My new career choice was advertising design, a field that I had zero experience in but always held a great interest in. I had been drawing and painting since childhood, so I felt that with enough practice and self-teaching, I could make myself into a competent designer. I enrolled in an online course to start learning the basics of graphic design, and then I built a small portfolio of my work so I could apply for entry-level positions.I quickly realized that while my enthusiasm was contagious and my dedication to my work unquestionable, my lack of experience was becoming a real obstacle to my success. It was clear that I needed to formalize my training and increase my skill set if I wanted to progress in this field.I decided to return to school to pursue a degree in design. After much research, I chose a reputable design school with an excellent reputation and convenient night classes. I started taking courses that were specifically tailored to the needs of working adults. The courses were challenging, but the structure and support provided by the school were designed to help us succeed while working full-time.Now that I’m nearing graduation, I can say that making the switch to a new career path has been one of the most rewarding decisions of my life. The sense of fulfillment and purpose that I feel every day at work i s unlike anything I’ve ever experienced before. My only regret is not making this change sooner.1. The author left his job at the newspaper due to_____.A. his dissatisfaction with the low payB. his desire for a career that engaged more of his talentsC. his dislike of the work environmentD. his wish to start his own business2. The author decided to pursue a degree in design because_____.A. he lacked the necessary skills for his chosen careerB. he needed to formalize his training in the fieldC. the degree was required for most entry-level positionsD. he wanted to improve his work efficiency3. Which of the following best describes the author’s feelings about his new career?A. It is more challenging than expected.B. It is fulfilling and worthwhile.C. It is less stressful than his previous job.D. It provides more opportunities for advancement.4. The author advises other people considering a career change_____.A. not to be influenced by others’ opinionsB. not to wait too long before making the changeC. to start looking for opportunities immediatelyD. to thoroughly research all possible options first5. What can be inferred about the author?A. He is diligent and determined in pursuit of his goals.B. He has a strong sense of responsibility towards society.C. He finds fulfillment mainly through work成就感。