The American Civil War (1861–1865)
the civil war
美国奴隶制度的起源 ： ①1619年，一个荷兰人把二十名黑人运入美国 拍卖。这二十个黑人成了第一批的黑人奴隶。
②在美国开国初期，美国南方各州，已经有二 百万的黑奴（1860年为三百五十万）。他们 成为种植经济的重要劳动力。黑奴是种植园主 私人财产的一部份，可以继承、买卖。可以做 种植园主女儿的嫁妆。
一：战争背景
美国南北战争பைடு நூலகம்
来自美国北方的共和党人林肯虽然不是解放黑奴的倡言者，但他认为 蓄奴不人道，反对扩大蓄奴，而一向以奴隶来发展产业的南方对此感到 强烈反对。然而，北方对于南方这种工人的垄断者亦产生仇视心理，双 方开始出现矛盾。1861年3月，林肯当选总统，而林肯在政纲中提及的保 护关税及《宅地法》大大削弱了南方奴隶主的利益。这使南卡罗来纳州 在1861年旋即宣布退出联邦，而南方各州亦纷纷响应南卡罗来纳州，脱 离联邦，并成立“美利坚联盟”，推举来自肯塔基州的杰斐逊· 戴维斯为 总统。两个月后，南方政府开始发动武装起事，北方政府被逼应战，南 北战争开始爆发。
8性质： 美国历史上第二次资产阶级革命 9结果：1865年,北方胜利。
美国总统
林肯
Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865
我不知道我的祖 父是谁，我更加 关心的是他的孙 子将成为什么样 的人。 ——林肯
林肯，美国第16任总统，他领导了美国南
北战争，颁布了《解放奴隶宣言》，维护了 美联邦统一，为美国在19世纪跃居世界头号 工业强国开辟了道路，使美国进入经济发展 的黄金时代，他被称为“伟大的解放者”。 在逆境中，林肯不屈不挠，忍辱负重，带领 美利坚民族向着恢复国家统一和解放黑奴的 伟大目标稳步前进。在胜利之时，他不居功 自傲，而是始终保持着谦虚质朴，宽厚仁慈 的平民本色，以维护美联邦大业和民族国家 的长远利益为己任。最终他功成身亡，成为 正义事业的伟大殉道者。
美国南北战争英文ppt
后期月9日，李率残部29000人走投无路，在阿 波马托克斯被格兰特的122000大军围困。在阿波 马托克斯法院所在地，庄园主W.麦克莱安为躲避战 争，已在1861年第一战打响时逃离马纳萨斯的家里， 如今两位司令官恰巧在他的家中会面结束战争。有 28356人的北弗吉尼亚军团在下午3时45分投降。 事实上，战争结束了。 林肯总统遇刺 1865年4月14日，在内战即将结束之际，当林肯总 统在华盛顿的福特剧院观看喜剧时，遭演员约 翰· 威尔克斯· 布斯枪击，于第二天伤重不治去 世。 但这种暗杀行径已无法挽救南方的失败，战争以北 方的彻底胜利而告终。 1865年5月23日 ，战争到此彻底结束，战争中阵亡 人数超过独立战争、美墨战争、美西战争、第一次 世界大战、第二次世界大战、朝鲜战争、越南战争 等美国参加战争伤亡人数，其对世界军事、政治的 影响极大，并名副其实的成为“一个国家的诞生”。
爆发
炮击萨姆特要塞 1861年4月12日凌晨4时30分，联盟的 大炮向萨姆特要塞开火了，联邦运送给 养的远征队眼睁睁地看着而爱莫能助。 由于指挥的失误，它的最具威力的一艘 战舰掉转船头向皮肯斯要塞驶去了，远 在公海的其它军舰又来不及支援要塞。 经过34小时的炮轰，联邦军队终因寡不 敌众而投降，炮火摧毁了要塞的大部分。 尽管在这第一次交战中双方无一人伤亡， 但一场血腥的战争却由此开始了。联盟 降下了美国星条旗，将联盟星杠旗插上 了萨姆特要塞，它开始的方式正应了图 姆斯的预言。此刻，南北战争正式爆发。
中期
在这一阶段，南方的军事战略也有了较大变化。罗伯 特· 李已清醒地认识到：尽管南方在前一段占了上风，但 人力损失很大。在双方力量如此悬殊的条件下，南方胜 利的可能性不大。因此，要尽力用军事压力迫使北方同 南方讲和。要以彻底的进攻战略取代“以攻为守”的战 略，南军要攻入马里兰，在北方的土地上击败北方军队。 同时，还可以在北方获得南方急需的后勤补给物资。必 要时还要进军费城、巴尔的摩或华盛顿等大城市。这样 做可以一举三得： 使西线的北军东援，从而减轻西线南军的压力。 彻底摧垮北方继续战争的意志。 争取欧洲国家的支持和承认。 为此，在这一阶段中，他指挥北弗吉尼亚军团不断主动 发起进攻。但他的战略有很大缺陷：一是过于重视东战 场，低估了西线对南方生存所具有的重要战略价值。北 军正是集中力量于西战场，才把南方逼入崩溃的绝境。 二是没有考虑到自己人力的限制和后勤供应的困难，结 果在进攻中耗尽了元气，铸成了败局。
美国南北战争
2
战争爆发后，北方联邦政府迅速采取行动，试图控制局 势。林肯总统宣布对南方邦联宣战，并组建了一支庞大
的军队。南方邦联则采取了游击战的方式进行反击
在战争初期，南方邦联在军事上取得了几次胜利，但北 方联邦政府在人力和物资方面具有巨大的优势。随着时
间的推移，南方邦联的军队逐渐被击败
3
1
最终，北方联邦政府取得了胜利
南北战争对美国经济的影响十分深远。战争导致了南部经济的严重衰 退，因为许多南方农场主被迫出售他们的土地和奴隶以支付战争费用。 然而，战争也促进了北部的工业化进程，因为政府对军需品和制服的 需求刺激了制造业的发展
5
南北战争对美国社会的 影响也是巨大的
然而，这也带来了许多 社会问题，如种族歧视
和种族隔离
战争结束后，奴隶制度 被废除，这使得数百万
黑人获得了自由
这些问题在战后的几十 年中一直困扰着美国社
会
6
战争期间，许多文学作品
和音乐作品都反映了战争 的主题和情感
B
南北战争也对美国文化产
A
生了深远的影响
其中最著名的是亚伯拉
罕·林肯总统的葛底斯堡
C
演说，这篇演说成为了美
国历史上最重要的文献之
一
此外，南北战争也成为了
D
许多电影和电视剧的题材，
如《乱世佳人》等经典作
品
7
01
美国南北战争是美国历史上最重要 的战争之一，它对美国的历史、文 化和经济产生了深远的影响
02
这场战争结束了奴隶制度，实现了 美国的统一，加速了工业化进程， 并塑造了美国的现代政治体系
03
同时，这场战争也揭示了人性和社 会的复杂性，以及政治决策的重要 性和影响
介绍一下美国内战英文作文
介绍一下美国内战英文作文The American Civil War was a pivotal moment in American history, lasting from 1861 to 1865. It was a conflict between the Northern states, known as the Union, and the Southern states, known as the Confederacy. The war was fought over issues such as slavery, states' rights, and the power of the federal government.The war began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861. This attack led to the secession of several Southern states from the Union, and the formation of the Confederacy. The Union, under the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln, fought to preserve the Union and end slavery. The Confederacy, led by President Jefferson Davis, fought for the right to secede and maintain the institution of slavery.The war was marked by several significant battles, such as the Battle of Gettysburg and the Battle of Antietam. These battles resulted in massive casualties on both sides,and the war became increasingly brutal as it continued. The Union eventually emerged victorious, with the Confederacy surrendering in April 1865.The end of the war resulted in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the United States. However, the aftermath of the war was marked by continued tensions between the North and South, as well as the struggle for civil rights for African Americans.Overall, the American Civil War was a defining moment in American history, shaping the country in profound ways that still resonate today. It was a conflict that tested the very foundations of the United States, and ultimately led to the creation of a more just and equal society.。
美国内战中英文介绍
1．Civil WarThe American Civil War (1861–1865), often referred to simply as The Civil War in the United States, was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ("the Confederacy"); the other 25 states supported the federal government ("the Union"). After four years of warfare, mostly within the Southern states, the Confederacy surrendered and slavery was outlawed everywhere in the nation. Issues that led to war were partially resolved in the Reconstruction Era that followed, though others remained unresolved.In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against expanding slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republicans strongly advocated nationalism, and in their 1860 platform they denounced threats of disunion as avowals of treason. After a Republican victory, but before the new administration took office on March 4, 1861, seven cotton states declared their secession and joined to form the Confederate States of America. Both the outgoing administration of President James Buchanan and the incoming administration rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. The other eight slave states rejected calls for secession at this point. No country in the world recognized the Confederacy.Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state to recapture federal property, which led to declarations of secession by four more slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union seized control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861–62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign. In September 1862, the Confederate campaign in Maryland ended in defeat at the Battle of Antietam, which dissuaded the British from intervening.[2] Days after that battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.[3]In 1863, Confederate general Robert E. Lee's northward advance ended in defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg. To the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River after the Battle of Shiloh and Siege of Vicksburg, splitting the Confederacy in two and destroying much of their western army. Due to his western successes, Ulysses S. Grant was given command of the eastern army in 1864, and organized the armies of William Tecumseh Sherman, Philip Sheridan and others to attack the Confederacy from all directions, increasing the North's advantage in manpower. Grant restructured the union army, and put other generals in command of divisions of the army that were to support his push into Virginia. He fought several battles of attrition against Leethrough the Overland Campaign to seize Richmond, though in the face of fierce resistance he altered his plans and led the Siege of Petersburg which nearly finished off the rest of Lee's army. Meanwhile, Sherman captured Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate infrastructure along the way. When the Confederate attempt to defend Petersburg failed, the Confederate army retreated but was pursued and defeated, which resulted in Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The practices of total war, developed by Sherman in Georgia, and of trench warfare around Petersburg foreshadowed World War I in Europe. It remains the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18–40.[4] Victory for the North meant the end of the Confederacy and of slavery in the United States, and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877.美国南北战争（1861-1865），通常被称为在美国南北战争，是一场内战，战斗在美利坚合众国。
西方国家概况--美国历史
The second phase
1862, Lincoln issued the preliminary "liberate black slaves Declaration." Announced: If the January 1, 1863 before the South rebels do not lay down their arms, the rebel slave states since the day it will be free. News spread to the South, thousands of slaves fled to the north. The British working class has launched a campaign to support the north, forcing the British government to abandon the original plan to interfere.
Signory in the war, to establish the North of the big bourgeoisie in the dominant position. Civil war eliminated slavery, which the United States cleared the rapid development of the capitalist road. The late 19th century the United States leaped into the world's most advanced industrial capitalist power. Black postwar period of reconstruction, still be many plantation owners discrimination and exploitation, but in the political citizenship and the right to vote, from the liberation of slave shackles.
#116 - 译文The American Civil War Victory Is Close for the Union
THE MAKING OF A NATION #116- The American Civil War: Victory Is Close for the Union译文南方邦联首都陷落1865年3月4号，亚伯拉罕·林肯宣誓就职，开始了他的第二个总统任期。
这次总统换届是在北方举行的，北方各州遵照的依旧是美国宪法，而退出联邦的南方各州则制定了自己的宪法。
宣誓就职当天晚上，白宫对公众开放，数千民众前来看望总统，庆祝活动直到午夜时分才结束。
林肯很高兴庆祝活动终于结束了，他总算可以集中精力处理当务之急了。
他希望在第二个四年任期内结束内战，缓和战争带来的怨恨和仇视。
林肯希望能轻松过渡到和平，不希望对失败的一方采取绞刑等残暴手段，只希望看到南方邦联士兵返回家园，成为统一国家的和平公民。
林肯希望国家能重新团结在一起。
战争不会持续太长时间了。
南方战局大势已去，但是南方邦联领袖拒绝承认失败。
南方邦联首都里士满附近地区依旧处于罗伯特·李的控制之中，但是李将军知道，他也撑不了多久了。
罗伯特·李手下原本庞大的队伍现在只剩下不到五万人了，这些人全都饥肠辘辘，疲惫不堪，还要守住从里士满到彼得斯堡一条将近60公里长的防线。
南方已经没有足够的兵力打仗了。
罗伯特·李决定，唯一的希望就是放弃这两座城市，挥师南下，跟北卡罗来纳约翰斯顿将军率领的部队会合，或许能联手打败那里的北方军，然后再回过头来对付格兰特将军的队伍。
这项计划成功的机会微乎其微，但可以让南方部队的生命延续几个星期或是几个月。
罗伯特·李很快就发现，冲出里士满和彼得斯堡的包围圈并不容易，格兰特的部队似乎无处不在。
罗伯特·李在格兰特战线附近部署了一万一千人，等待敌人进攻。
最初，天气帮了南方的忙，连续一天多的暴雨，淹没了道路和农田，让北军部队无法前进。
等他们终于可以行动的时候，南方部队已经做好了准备，击退了北军的进攻。
关于美国内战的英语作文
关于美国内战的英语作文The American Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, was a significant and bloody conflict that divided the United States. The war was primarily fought over the issues of slavery and states' rights, with the Northern states (Union) fighting against the Southern states (Confederacy).The root cause of the Civil War was the institution of slavery. The Southern states relied heavily on slavery for their agricultural economy, while the Northern states were more industrialized and did not depend on slave labor. The differences in economic systems and ideologies led to increasing tensions between the two regions.The trigger for the war was the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 1860. The Southern states feared that Lincoln's anti-slavery stance would threaten their way of life, prompting them to secede from the Union and form the Confederacy. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April 1861.The Civil War was characterized by brutal battles, high casualties, and immense suffering on both sides. The Union forces eventually prevailed, leading to the abolition of slavery with the Emancipation Proclamation issued byLincoln in 1863. The war officially ended in 1865 with the surrender of the Confederate forces.The impact of the Civil War was profound and long-lasting. It resulted in the preservation of the Union, the end of slavery, and the beginning of Reconstruction to rebuild the war-torn nation. The war also set the stage for the modernization and industrialization of the United States in the post-war years.Overall, the American Civil War was a watershed moment in U.S. history, shaping the nation's future and leaving a lasting legacy of unity and freedom.中文翻译：美国内战发生在1861年至1865年间，是一场意义重大且血腥的冲突，分裂了美国。
The_American_Civil_War
American Civil War
(1861–1865),
also known as the War Between the States and several other names, was a civil war in the United States of America.
The Civil War
Causes of the War
Both the outgoing and incoming U.S. administrations rejected secession, regarding it as rebellion. Led by Jefferson Davis, the Confederacy fought against the U.S. federal government (the "Union"), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states. Thus the Civil War broke out.
The Origin of Slavery
In colonial period, slavery developed almost side by side with the colonies. In 1619, the first group of blacks were brought into Jamestown, Virginia. Jamestown 1607年英国在美洲建立的一个 殖民地,在弗吉尼亚州詹姆士河的河口处.
The Compromise of 1850
1.
2.
Week_10-_American_Civil_War
American slavery existed after the first immigrants from Europe founded their settlements. And Black American slaves were regarded as the property of the planters in the South. They could be bought ,sold. However, They played a very important role in promoting the process of the war.
Background
• The differences between the North and South——— deep economic , social and political differences.
1、In the South, the land was suitable for farming, while in the North, there was a growing demand for labor to work in factories. 2、The Northerners required to protect the domestic raw materials and market, expand industrial export, increase tariffs, and restricted industrial imports so they supported the abolition of slavery; while Southern slave owners insisted in exporting cotton and other raw materials to England, and buying industrial products from England, so they advocated the lower tariffs, and import expansion. 3、In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was selected President, who approve of the abolition of slavery.
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Nature of the war
The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars in human history. Railroads, steamships, mass-produced weapons, and various other military devices were employed extensively. The practices of total war, developed by Sherman in Georgia, and of trench warfare around Petersburg foreshadowed World War I in Europe.
Background of the war
Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as "the Confederacy". Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the United States (the Union), which was supported by all the free states and the five border slave states.
To the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River after their capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi, thereby splitting the Confederacy in two. Confederate resistance collapsed after Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.
The American Civil War (1861–1865)
There was a land of Cavaliers and
Cotton Fields called the Old South Here in this patrician world, The Age of Chivalry took its last bow. Here was the last ever to be seen, of knights and their Ladies Fair, of Master and of Slaves. Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered, a Civilization gone with the wind...
Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a US military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state, leading to declarations of secession by four more Southern slave states. Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won battles in the east, but in 1863 his northward sualties after the Battle of Gettysburg.
Events of the war
In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against the expansion of slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republican victory in that election resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861.