管理会计英文课件 (3)
合集下载
管理会计英语课件0
• Allows great discretion to design systems that provide information for helping employees and managers make decisions
• Forward looking
A Brief History
Financial v. Management Accounting
Financial Accounting
Management Accounting
• Communicates economic information to individuals and organizations that are external to the direct operations of the company
பைடு நூலகம்
Management Accounting Information
– Management accounting provides both financial information and nonfinancial information
– The role of management information supports strategic (planning), operational (operating) and control (performance evaluation) management decision making
• In short, management accounting information is pervasive and purposeful
Management Accounting Information
• Forward looking
A Brief History
Financial v. Management Accounting
Financial Accounting
Management Accounting
• Communicates economic information to individuals and organizations that are external to the direct operations of the company
பைடு நூலகம்
Management Accounting Information
– Management accounting provides both financial information and nonfinancial information
– The role of management information supports strategic (planning), operational (operating) and control (performance evaluation) management decision making
• In short, management accounting information is pervasive and purposeful
Management Accounting Information
Lesson 6 Inventory management 英文管理会计课件 Management Accounting
15
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
管理会计英语(英文版课件)1
Accounting-related Lenders Consultants Analysts Traders Managers Directors Underwriters Planners Appraisers
Financial Statements
Financial statements report on the financial performance and condition of an organization. There are four major financial statements Income Statement Balance Sheet Statement of Owner’s Equity Statement of Cash Flows
The system for recording debits and credits follows from the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Equity
Owner’s capital- Owner’s withdrawals+ RevenuesExpenses
Business Profit
Revenues: Amounts earned from selling products or services -Expenses: Costs incurred with revenues =Profit: Amounts earned from revenues less expenses incurred Loss occurs when expenses are more than revenues
管理会计英语课件04
• The controller wondered whether the company should continue to deemphasize the chocolate and vanilla products and keep introducing new specialty premium flavors • Ericson’s manufacturing manager commented on how the introduction of specialty flavors had changed the production environment
14,040 5,400 16,200 35,640
$ 6,210 14.8%
1,650 600 1,800 4,050
150,690 60,000 180,000 390,690
Gross Margin
$ 900 $ 61,110 18.2%oncern
$180,000
9,000 $ 4.65
$41,850
1,000 $ 4.95
$4,950
100,000
$451,800
Total Mfg. Expenses
75,000 30,000 90,000 195,000
$ 30,000 13.3%
60,000 24,000 72,000 156,000
$ 24,000 13.3%
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
• Ericson had been the low-cost producer of chocolate and vanilla ice cream, with profit margins exceeding 20% of sales • Several years ago Ericson expanded their business by extending their product line into products with premium selling prices
14,040 5,400 16,200 35,640
$ 6,210 14.8%
1,650 600 1,800 4,050
150,690 60,000 180,000 390,690
Gross Margin
$ 900 $ 61,110 18.2%oncern
$180,000
9,000 $ 4.65
$41,850
1,000 $ 4.95
$4,950
100,000
$451,800
Total Mfg. Expenses
75,000 30,000 90,000 195,000
$ 30,000 13.3%
60,000 24,000 72,000 156,000
$ 24,000 13.3%
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
• Ericson had been the low-cost producer of chocolate and vanilla ice cream, with profit margins exceeding 20% of sales • Several years ago Ericson expanded their business by extending their product line into products with premium selling prices
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch13
The Payback Method – Part 3
Management at the Daily Grind wants to install an espresso bar in its restaurant that
1. Costs $140,000 and has a 10-year life. 2. Will generate annual net cash inflows of
Serves as screening
tool.
Strengths
Identifies investments that recoup
cash investments
quickly.
Identifies products that recoup initial investment
quickly.
Payback and Uneven Cash Flows – Part 1
cost out of the cash receipts that it generates.
The Payback Method – Part 2
The payback method analyzes cash flows; however, it does not consider the time value of money.
Payback period =
Investment required Annual net cash inflow
$140,000 Payback period = $35,000
Payback period = 4.0 years
According to the company’s criterion, management would invest in the espresso bar because its payback period is less than 5 years.
管理会计英文课件
$ 0.026 $ 104 ???? $ 40 ???? ???? $ 25
12-9
Identifying Relevant Costs
Which costs and benefits are relevant in Cynthia’s decision? The cost of the car is a sunk cost and is not relevant to the current decision. The annual cost of insurance is not relevant. It will remain the same if she drives or takes the train.
12-3
Relevant Costs and Benefits
A relevant cost is a cost that differs between alternatives. A relevant benefit is a benefit that differs between alternatives.
Relaxing on the train is relevant even though it is difficult to assign a dollar value to the benefit.
The kennel cost is not relevant because Cynthia will incur the cost if she drives or takes the train.
However, the cost of gasoline is clearly relevant if she decides to drive. If she takes the train, the cost would not be incurred, so it varies depending on the decision.
管理会计英文课件 (4)
Work in Process Department B •Direct •Cost of Materials Goods •Direct Manufactured Labor •Applied Overhead •Transferred from Dept. A
Finished Goods
•Cost of Goods Manufactured
4-16
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Manufacturing Overhead Costs (in T-account form)
Work in Process Department A Manufacturing Overhead
•Actual Overhead
Direct Labor
Processing Department
Finished Goods
Manufacturing Overhead
Cost of Goods Sold
4-11
T-Account and Journal Entry Views of Process Cost Flows
For purposes of this example, assume there are two processing departments – Departments A and B. We will use T-accounts and journal entries.
4-14
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Labor Costs (in T-account form)
Salaries and Wages Payable
•Direct Labor
Finished Goods
•Cost of Goods Manufactured
4-16
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Manufacturing Overhead Costs (in T-account form)
Work in Process Department A Manufacturing Overhead
•Actual Overhead
Direct Labor
Processing Department
Finished Goods
Manufacturing Overhead
Cost of Goods Sold
4-11
T-Account and Journal Entry Views of Process Cost Flows
For purposes of this example, assume there are two processing departments – Departments A and B. We will use T-accounts and journal entries.
4-14
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Labor Costs (in T-account form)
Salaries and Wages Payable
•Direct Labor
[管理学]管理会计英语课件04
![[管理学]管理会计英语课件04](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b32408d09e3143323968937e.png)
Activity-Based Cost Systems
• Activity-based cost systems have been developed to eliminate this major source of cost distortion • Activity-based cost (ABC) management systems use a simple two-stage approach similar to but more general than traditional cost systems
Total Profitability by Product
vanilla chocolate strawberry Mochaalmond Total
Units Price Sales Material Labor
Overhead
50,000 $ 4.50
$225,000
40,000 $ 4.50
Ericson’s Cost System
• Ericson’s management accountants designed the system years ago when:
– Production operations were mostly manual – Total indirect costs were less than direct labor costs – Cooper’s two products had similar production volumes and batch sizes
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3-3
Job-Order Costing: An Overview
Examples of companies that would use job-order costing include:
1. Boeing (aircraft manufacturing) 2. Bechtel International (large scale construction) 3. Walt Disney Studios (movie production)
PearCo estimates that it will require 160,000 direct labor-hours to meet the coming period’s estimated production level. In addition, the company estimates total fixed manufacturing overhead at $200,000, and variable manufacturing overhead costs of $2.75 per direct labor hour.
POHR =
POHR = $4.00 per direct labor-hour
3-18
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-19
Learning Objective 3
Compute the total cost and average cost per unit of a job.
Job-Order Costing
Chapter 3
PowerPoint Authors: Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period
Estimated total units in the allocation base for the coming period
Ideally, the allocation base is a cost driver that causes overhead.
3-14
The Need for a POHR
Using a predetermined rate makes it possible to estimate total job costs sooner.
Actual overhead for the period is not known until the end of the period.
3-15
Computing Predetermined Overhead Rates
The predetermined overhead rate is computed before the period begins using a four-step process. 1.Estimate the total amount of the allocation base (the denominator) that will be required for next period’s estimated level of production. 2.Estimate the total fixed manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period and the variable manufacturing overhead cost per unit of the allocation base. e the following equation to estimate the total amount of manufacturing overhead:
3-5
Job-Order Costing – An Example
Direct Materials
Job No. 1
Direct Labor Job No. 2 Job No. 3
Manufacturing Overhead
Manufacturing Overhead, including indirect materials and indirect labor, are allocated to all jobs rather than directly traced to each job.
We use an allocation base because: a. It is impossible or difficult to trace overhead costs to particular jobs. b. Manufacturing overhead consists of many different items ranging from the grease used in machines to the production manager’s salary. c. Many types of manufacturing overhead costs are fixed even though output fluctuates during the period.
Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
3-2
Job-Order Costing: An Overview
Job-order costing systems are used when:
1. Many different products are produced each period. 2. Products are manufactured to order. 3. The unique nature of each order requires tracing or allocating costs to each job, and maintaining cost records for each job.
3-6
The Job Cost Sheet
PearCo Job Cost Sheet
Job Number A - 143
Department B3 Item Wooden cargo crate
Date Initiated 3-4-11 Date Completed Units Completed
pute the predetermined overhead rate.
3-16
Learning Objective 2
Apply overhead cost to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate.
3-17
Overhead Application Rate
3-20
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-21
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-22
Quick Check
Job WR53 at NW Fab, Inc. required $200 of direct materials and 10 direct labor hours at $15 per hour. Estimated total overhead for the year was $760,000 and estimated direct labor hours were 20,000. What would be recorded as the cost of job WR53?
3-4
Job-Order Costing – An Example
Direct Materials
Job No. 1
Direct Labor Job No. 2 Job No. 3
Charge direct material and direct labor costs to each job as work is performed.
Y = a + bX Y = $200,000 + ($2.75 per direct labor-hour × 160,000 direct labor-hours) Y = $200,000 + $440,000 Y = $640,000 $640,000 estimated total manufacturing overhead 160,000 estimated direct labor hours (DLH)
Y = a + bX Where, Y = The estimated total manufacturing overhead cost a = The estimated total fixed manufacturing overhead cost b = The estimated variable manufacturing overhead cost per unit of the allocation base X = The estimated total amount of the allocation base.
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-11
Learning Objective 1
Compute a predetermined overhead rate.
3-12
Why Use an Allocation Base?