考研英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气
一、虚拟条件句
条件句分两种：一种是真实条件句，一种是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句，即指在一个虚拟假想的条件下来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反。在这种条件句中，从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句一般用if，unless (if not)，lest来引导。
表示虚拟的时间从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式
would/should/might/could + do 现在过去式did
would/should/might/could + have done
had done 过去完成时过去
would/should/might/could + do
were to do/should do
将来
If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo with you.
If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.
If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you.
If I should have enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup Tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are most likely to
have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.
If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the
option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping the line.
二、wish、if only的虚拟用法（wish引导宾语从句，if only引导感叹句）
与现在相反过去式did
If only ( = I wish) my friend was healthy!
If only ( = I wish) he had talked过去完成时had done to her sooner! 与过去相反
If only ( = I wish) they would stop making would do
与将来相反过去将来时nuclear bombs!
At the second home, the son of the other woman who had gone said, “If only I hadn't insisted
on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today.”
三、would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟用法
would rather意为“宁愿、宁可”，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。would rather有时也写作would sooner，would just as soon。
与现在或将来相反过去式did
I'd rather you were not involved in the case.
I'过去完成时had done
与过去相反d rather that you hadn't told me about it.
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四、as if、as though引导的方式状语从句
Summerasitis,itseems asifitwer did
与现在相过去spring.
Nobodyevertouchedthismachinebutithad done
过去完成与过去相operates as if it had been repaire.
Some days go by much more quickly than
表示将来的可能性不过去将来would doothers.Somehoursseem asifheywould
never end.
If I correct someone, I will do it with as much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the
one being corrected.
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they
were being treated like disposable goods.
as if / as though 也可不用于虚拟语气，而用陈述语气，表示事实有很大的可能性。这种情况常用在look, seem, appear, taste, smell, sound等后。
It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
There were clouds in the sky; it looks as if it is going to rain.
五、建议性虚拟语气
建议性虚拟语气以suggest的用法为典型代表，用于表示建议、要求、命令等语气。其形式采用should + 动词原形，其中should可省略。
We desire that the tour leader inform desire, prefer; desirable, preferable; desire,
us immediately of any change in
表愿望preference, wish, hope
plans.
advise, propose, suggest, recommend;
He suggested we go to tomorrow's
advisable, proposed, suggestive; advice,
表建议exhibition together.
proposal, suggestion, motion
request,
maintain, oblige, ask, beg, insist,
表要that he (should) 求s urge; insistent, urgent, requested; Mike'uncle insists require,
请求in this hotel. insistence, maintenances, request, not stay requirement, urge, petition
As Commander-in-chief of the armed command, decree, dictate, direct, order,
表命令all I have directed that stipulate; command, decree, dictation, forces,
for our defense. direction, order, stipulation measures be taken decisive,
determine, resolve; decide, be
smoking no It is decided that 表决定resolved, decided; decision, determination,
in the classroom.
allowed resolution
),
示意intend, arrange, deserve, motion( leave has been arranged that they It 表其他promising, arranged, inevitable;
promise; the following day.
arrangement, intention, promise
Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children –disabled or not –to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide
that education.
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Smith recommends that, whenever possible, you schedule a dental appointment or other discomforting events in the morning so you don't spend the whole day worrying about it.
The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
补充拓展：
Suggest当“建议”讲时，后面的宾语从句要Her face suggested (表明)that she was ill. So I
suggested (建议）that she should be sent用虚拟语气；当“暗示”、“略微透露”、“表to the
nearest hospital immediately.
明”讲时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气
Insist当“坚决要求”、“硬要”讲时，后面Tom insisted (坚决要求) Mike should apologize 的宾语从句用虚拟语气。当“坚持说”讲时，to his teacher, but Mike insisted (坚持说) that he 不用虚拟语气。was not wrong at all.
Theories concerning the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because
they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal
behavior through interactions with others.
六、情态动词表虚拟语气
However hard it may rain, we shall have to go. 表目的、让步may/might, He died in order that others might be saved.
may/might have done; He might have given you help, however busy he was. 表示推测，可能已经，或许已经Had he worked harder, he would have got through the could/would have done exams.
表示本来能够做却没有做If he were wise, he should have come to see me.
have should/ought to done;
shouldn't/oughtn't have done You ought to have been more careful in this
experiment.
//本不应做却没做做了表示本应做neednt' have doneThere was plenty of time. She needn't have hurried.
表示本来没必要做却做了The current state of affairs may have been encouraged –though not justified –by the lack of
legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.
How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree?
七、含蓄虚拟条件句
He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.
We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have otherwise, or
telephoned him.
Nelson could have won the fight, with a little more training and a with, without better manager.
but for
our destination in time. But for the fog, we would have reached in the past, in sb's the same thing.
A man in his position might have done position
the leadership of a less experienced person, the experiment Under under要是在…的情况下. would have failed 3
.in case it (should) sno in case
The game will be postponed
iven (that) more time, I would have been able to finish the test.Give provided (taht)on
condition The guards allow the tourists to go into the woodson condition that harm to the animals. that they (should) not dwould not suppose/supposing (that)Suppose/supposing that there were no gravity, objects
to ground when dropped.
假fall Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be.
Without the prospect of such a monopoly, it is widely believed, there would be a diminished motivation to invent, and in the long run society as a whole would suffer from a slower rate of technological advance.
从句结构中的虚拟语气It is/was…+that八、
important, crucial, vital, essential, imperative 表重要
necessary, essential, obligatory, compulsory 表必要appropriate, fair, just, right, proper, reasonable
表正确
surprising, astonishing, amazing, shocking, strange, odd 表惊奇
alarming, tragic 表警惕frightening, dreadful 表害怕
annoying, irritable, lamentable
表生气discouraging, disconcerting, disappointing 表失望
a pity, a shame, regretted, deplorable 表懊悔
perplexing, bewildering
表困惑
anxious, concerned, eager, urgent, keen
表着急incredible, unthinkable, embarrassing, upsetting, ridiculous
其他
Apollo of the study of the results some is appropriate that time be devoted to thorough It
mission.
It is unthinkable that they should have denied my request.
九、其他句型中的虚拟语气
my it would be about time that I buried(high/about) time If I were in a movie, then It is
head in my hands for a cry. that + 一般过去式We spoke in whispers for fear (that) we might wake the roommate. for fear that以免The heroes gave their lives in order that we might live a happy in order that life.
I did this so that we might have a couple of weeks to prepare my so that paper.
behind.
lest she (should) lag She always studies hard lest
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虚拟语气练习：
The changes that have taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientist at the turn of the 19th century.
He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him
to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.
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高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
高中英语语法(虚拟语气)
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
考研英语语法大全———自己总结
考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：
即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。
高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二)
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路! 考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（二） 六、个别特殊短语 would rather，had rather，had better，would （just） as soon， would sooner 均作 "但愿，宁愿”讲时： （一）后接动词原形，表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择 例句：1 would rather go there with you ，because you are the only person that I have been acqua in ted with. 分析：该句是复合句，定语从句that I have bee n acqua in ted with 修饰the only person。 译文：我宁愿和你一起去那儿，因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。 （二）后接从句，从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去完成时表示过去的愿望 例句：I d rather he stayed there，because weather is said to be somewhat worse accord ing to the n ews. 分析：该句是复合句，weather is said to be...是it is said that...的变形。 译文：我希望他待在那儿，因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。 例句：I d rather you had not bee n so rude to her，she was a new comer after all. 分析：该句是复合句，其中after all意为"究竟，毕竟”，you had not been so rude to her 表示与过去事实相反假设。 译文：真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁，毕竟她是新来的。 七、as if/as though引导的方式状语从句 表示“仿佛，好像”时也用虚拟式，从句中动词用一般过去时（be用were）表示与现在 相反假设；动词用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来相反假设；动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。 例句：The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood as if their immune system —the self protect ing mecha nism aga inst disease—had crashed. 分析：该句是复合句，as if their immune system had crashed 是方式状语从句，两个破 折号间的内容是对system做进一步的解释。 译文：老鼠感染血液病毒后，似乎它们的免疫系统一一即抵御疾病的自我保护机制一—被彻底摧毁了。 例句：But it s not as if earlier times didn t know perpetual war，disaster and the massacre of innocents.（选自2006 年Text 4） 分析：该句是复合句，as if引导的方式状语从句在句中作表语。 译文：但是这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。 另外，as if（as though）后面的从句也可用陈述语气，尤其在it looks/seems as if（as though）结构中。 例句：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west，so it seems as if the earth is circling round the sun.
高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法部分虚拟语气
2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法部分虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用 【观察】 If I were you, I would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你，我今晚就会早点睡。If you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影，那么你就会迟到。 If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个球，我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。 If she hadn’t come, I might have been in trouble. 如果她没来，我可能已陷入困境了。 I could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难，我会帮助你的。 If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话，他们就不会出去。 【归纳】 注意：若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话，一律用were。 【实践】 1.If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 2. 翻译：如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界。 If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 翻译：如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。 If I should see / were to see / saw him tomorrow, I would invite him to my house. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时，可以转换成下列形式： （1）省略if, 用“were, had, should + 主语”。如： Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。 Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功的。 Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议，我会来。 （2）含蓄条件句。虚拟语气句中不出现if 条件句，而是用介词、介词短语或连词通过上下文表现出来，这时须根据句子的含义判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。常见短语有：but for, without, otherwise, or 等。如：
考研英语虚拟语气讲义与练习
考研语法精讲 第四讲虚拟语气 1.什么是虚拟语气 【2010】Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influential, those selected people will do most of the work for them. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 英语语气：（1）陈述（2）祈使（3）虚拟 虚拟语气： 表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等 【2003】If railroad charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 【2008】In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. 2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用 ①If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） ②If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） ③She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
大学英语语法-虚拟语气
虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下： 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况： a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.（宾语从句） 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。（主语从句） It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
何凯文考研英语十五大背诵句
大作文（12到16分） 三段论 第一段（30——60）描述图画。第一句：万能开头句（6,7）；第二句：图画描述句；第三句：总结句（2）。 Ps：可以用代词、such、one、the one mentioned above代替主题词 图画描述句：As is shown above, Step1：对中心对象位置的描述 in the middle of ; in the sunshine ; in the darkness Step2：对中心对象动作和状态 Step3：对中心对象周围事物 见另外一份讲义！ 第二段（100——120）阐述含义。 段落展开 1、科学论据法 2、举例法(Numerous cases exist to illustrate this point.) 3、虚拟语气 第一句：提出观点。 第二句：强调观点（背诵5,7）。 第三句：表明公众的主题。 第四局：强调态度。 第五局：上论据（句群）。 第六句：结尾句
第二句背诵5,7 适当修改 第五局： China Daily interviewed four people from four professions——a surgeon, a civil servant, a lawyer and a steelworker. The survey discovers that all of them are of the idea that 主题很重要。According to a survey conducted by China Academy of (Social)Science(CAS)/(CASS),主题很重要。 第三段（30——60）评论或举例。 1、正面话题 第一句：取其精华，去其糟粕。 第二句：如何面对 第三局：展望未来 Uttermost. 2、负面话题 第一句：背诵3 第二句：句群1、背诵句4；2、专家学者想办法；3、大众提升意识
高考英语语法难点：虚拟语气
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did
高考英语语法填空之虚拟语气
语言结构之虚拟语气（学生版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) 3. But for your help, I couldn’t _____ the place. (find) 4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent) 5. If it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take) 6. If Miss Green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come) 7. It seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be) 8. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday. (see) 9. I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick) 10. It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make) 11. They required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help) 12. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow) 13.I’d rather Tom _____ tomorrow. (come) 14.It is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take) 15.If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change) 16.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China. 17. What would have happened if you her child? (not help) 18. It is strange that he so. (think) 19. I wish I my uncle yesterday. (meet) 20. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move) 21. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. (come) 22. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be) 23. If only I to my parents’ advice!(listen) 24. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. (hope) 25. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree) 26. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be) 语言结构之虚拟语气（教师版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) had seen; would have asked 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) were
英语语法 虚拟语气(练习)
虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚 (win the first prize)的话，我会把奖金送给阿Sam。 If I won/should win/were to win the first prize in the Foshan University Students English Speaking Contest held in May, I would give my reward to Sam. If I win the first …, I will give … 要是我爸是李嘉诚的话，我一定不用为钱发愁。 If my father were Li Jia Cheng, I wouldn’t worry about money. Were my father Li Jia Cheng, I wouldn’t … 要是日本没有发生地震的话，我一定去放炸弹(blast)。 If Japan hadn’t had the earthquake, I would have blasted it. Hadn’t Japan had the earthquake, I … 1
要是将来我有钱了，我一定回来娶你。 If I were rich one day, I would marry you. →Were I rich one day, I … If I should be rich one day, I would marry you. →Should I be rich one day, I … If I were to be rich one day, I would marry you. →Were I to be rich one day, I … (If I am rich one day, I will marry you.) 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers. A. being B. are C. be D. were 2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up. A. know B. knew C. known D. knowing 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 例：1995年6月四级第46题 We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him, A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned 3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 2