翻译题材

刺绣（embroidery）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术之一，在中国艺术和手工艺品史上占有重要地位。

刺绣离不开养蚕（silkworm-raising）与纺丝（silk-reeling）的发展。

中国是世界上最早发现与使用蚕丝的国家，人们在五千年前就已经开始了养蚕、纺丝了。

随着丝织品的产生与发展，刺绣工艺逐渐兴起。

如今，中国刺绣工艺流行于世界各地，并且广泛应用于时装设计中。

Embroidery, which is of great significance in both Chinese Art and the history of handcraft, is one of the most popular traditional folk arts in China. Its industry is driven by the development of silkworm raising and silk-reeling. In the world, China is the first country to discover and use silk. It was 5,000 years ago that Chinese people began to raise silkworm and to spin silk. With the emergence and development of the silk, embroidery is gradually rising/thriving.Nowadays, Chinese embroidery is very popular around the world and is widely applied to the modern fashion design中国传统节日【中国传统文化之书法】汉字从图画和符号演变而来，中国书法艺术自然而然衍生于这一特殊的书写体系（绝大多数汉字由表音和表形成分构成），因此中国书法也被称作线条艺术。

Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from this special writing system (most Chinese characters consist of several phonetic and symbolic components), so Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines.人们认为，书写中运用的力度表露人的性情，而书写的文字则能彰显书法家对生活和艺术的理解。

It is believed that the force used in writing betrays one’s disposition and the written charac ters reveals the calligrapher’s understanding of life and arts.书法作为一门中国传统艺术，很早便为邻国所青睐。

Being a Chinese traditional art, Chinese calligraphy also found favor in the neighboring countriesChinese opera, together with Greek tragedy and comedy, and the Indian Sanskrit drama are the three most ancient forms of drama in the world.三个戏剧形式中，中国戏曲是唯一的现存剧种。

Of these three, Chinese opera is the only remaining living form.在中国，讲故事的同时，可以伴有大量不同的曲调、动作和乐器，这取决于表演的场所。

这一点与西方戏剧不同。

Different from the Western dramas, in China, a story can be told accompanied by a wide range of different tunes, actions, and musical instruments, depending on where it is being presented. 中国戏曲是包含了文学、音乐、舞蹈、武术和杂技的传统戏剧形式。

Chinese operas are traditional dramas embracing literature, music, dance, martial arts, and acrobatics.18世纪末，在北京演出的安徽和湖北的民间歌手，借鉴了某些戏剧、曲调和表演技巧，吸收了昆曲和秦腔中的民间乐曲和曲调，创造了京剧。

Towards the end of the 18th century, folk singers of Anhui and Hubei provinces, who were performing in Beijing at the time, created Beijing Opera by borrowing some of the plays, tunes, and acting skills and by absorbing some of their folk music and tunes from Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera.经过一段时间，京剧形成了自己的艺术风格和完整的表演体系。

Over the time, it developed its own artistic style and a complete repertoire. 现在，京剧被誉为中国戏曲的瑰宝。

Peking Opera is now regarded as the crown of Chinese opera. 唱、念、做、打是京剧的四种艺术手段和四项基本功。

Singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera.中国有种类繁多的民间表演艺术，其中以杂技、曲艺、木偶戏、皮影戏和傩舞为代表。

China has a wide variety of folk performing arts featuring, among others, acrobatics, quyi, puppet show, shadow shows and the ghost-exorcising opera.杂技是中国传统表演艺术宝库中一颗璀璨的明珠。

Acrobatics is a pearl in the treasure chest of traditional Chinese performing arts.中国杂技已经在中国存在2000多年，是一笔历史悠久、内容丰富的宝贵遗产。

Chinese acrobatics has a long and rich heritage, having been in existence in China for more than 2,000 years.这些成就都应该归功于数百年来中国杂技演员的独特的创造性。

These achievements owe greatly to the unique creativity of Chinese acrobats throughout the past centuries.曲艺是中国一种古老的表演艺术，这个词是一个涵义广泛的术语，包括了多种利用对话、唱歌或两者兼而有之的表演形式。

An ancient Chinese performing art, quyi is a general term covering several different types of performances in which speech, singing, or both are used.Test1在中国，喝茶是一种仪式(ritual)，一种精致品味(refined taste)的展示。

人们在饮茶的同时，也领略着(take delight in)品茶的情趣之意。

喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。

过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆(teahouse)而开始一天的生活的。

中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。

到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻或就政治话题进行激烈的(furious)争论。

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste. While drinking tea，people also take delight in the essence Of tea itself. Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way Of pastime among Chinese．In the past，they would start the day with a visit to a well—known teahouse. Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs. People come here not just for tea，but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates .Test 12中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。

这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。

盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。

一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。

朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。

最近一位美国汉学家(sinologist)的著作认为，中国人的集体观念(collective tradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back in a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union, friends also like to eat and live together. A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out the practice of eating together.中国的菜肴拥有许多种不同的流派(genre)，但是最具影响力并且最为公众所熟悉的就是“八大菜系“the“Eight Categories of Chinese cuisine”)。