过去分词作定语和表语
何韦(语法)过去分词作定语和表语
e.g.：How I regretted the hours
wasted in the woods!
e.g.： I like this kind of
wcleoathri．ng
clothes
made
of
e.g.：The books written by Mo Yan are popular．
e.hg.u：ndWreed’sllogfoyteoarvsisaitgtoh．e bridge built
She looked w_o_rr_ied.
IHaemw—ainstl_e—or_sets—itnedthinouthghetb. ook. The door remained l_oc_k_ed_.
• •
TThheeystgoortym—isa—erxrcieitdinfigv.eYyoeuaarsreage_xo_c. it_ed
一个受伤的手指 an injured finger 一枚破损的硬币 a broken coin 一支点燃的蜡烛 a lighted candle
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有 被动意义。
e.g. : spoken English英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的 不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义
• We were __b_o_r_e_d_(bore) at the football V-ginagm作e. 表语修饰物，翻译为“令人感到---”
V-ed 作表语修饰人，翻译为“感到---”P(17)
1. As we joined the big crowd , I got _____ from my friends
语法-过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词作定语和表语Q：神马是动词的过去分词？A：①②一、过去分词作定语。
①动词的过去分析作定语的意义；a respected guest a risen suna retired worker the broken glassconclusion: 过去分词作定语的意义是表& 。
②动词的过去分析作定语的位置；fallen leaves retired workers the risen sunThe computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among young people.The bridge built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.conclusion: 单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词的；过去分词短语往往放在被修饰的名词的。
翻译下列短语或句子：一个被宠坏的孩子：一次有组织的旅行：交通事故造成的死亡：一本被英语老师写的书：③过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系。
We all like the lectures that are given by Mr. Song.=>We all like the lectures given by Mr. Song.译：The bridge which was built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.=> The bridge built 2000 years ago is in good condition now.译：conclusion：把定语从句中的和省去之后，便成为了；因此过去分词短语与定语从句可以。
把下列定语从句变为过去分词短语作定语,并翻译。
①Let’s try the bookstore that was opened last year.②Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.③Yesterday, the President went to visit the workers who had retired.④The United States is a country which has developed.⑤He told us the great wrong which had been done to him.⑥We must keep a secret of the things which is being discussed here.⑦Please tell me the subjects which will be discussed at the next meeting.EXERCISE:1.一直迷路的羊2.英语口语3.一名退休的教师4.发达国家5.鲁迅写的书很受欢迎PRACTICE：1.I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces.2.I looked at that modern abstract(抽象的) painting. It was colored in yellows and greens.3.Yesterday I got the answer to my question on the Internet. It was the one I expected.4.She is one of my friends. She is devoted to my interests.5.On the doorstep I found a lot of bottled. They were marked in green ink.6.We saw many windows in that room. They were all cracked.二、过去分词作表语。
过去分词作定语和表语
如果遇到复杂的句子结构，可以先简化句子，找出主干部分，再逐步添加 其他成分。
THANKS
表示状态、性质或特征描述
状态描述
过去分词可以表示主语所处的 状态，如“The window is
broken.”（窗户破了。）中 的“broken”表示窗户的状态。
性质描述
过去分词可以描述主语的性质， 如“She is interested in
music.”（她对音乐感兴趣。） 中的“interested”表示她的 性质。
01
观察句子结构，确定过去分词 短语在句中的作用，是作为定 语还是表语。
02
如果是定语，需要判断其与所 修饰名词之间的关系，主动关 系用现在分词，被动关系用过 去分词。
03
如果是表语，需要注意与主语 的逻辑关系，以及时态和语态 的一致性。
技巧二：注意时态、语态和主谓一致问题
在使用过去分词作定语或表语时，需要注意句子的时态和语态，确保过去 分词的形式与句子的时态和语态相符。
在使用过去分词时，需要结合具体的语境进行判断。通过分析上下文语境和逻辑关系，可以更准 确地理解句子的意思并选择合适的表达方式。
06
实战演练与技巧分享
练习题：识别并改正错误使用过去分词现象
错题1
The book, written by a famous writer, are very popular.
05
常见误区及注意事项
混淆现在分词与过去分词形式
要点一
误将现在分词用作定语
现在分词具有主动意义，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动作 同时发生，而过去分词则表示被动或完成意义。因此，在 需要表示被动或完成意义时，应使用过去分词而非现在分 词。
必修5_unit1_过去分词作定语和表语(上课用)
B. to be written
C. written
D. being written
was constructed in only 2 year.
练习二 单句改错
1. They were all amusing at what he said.
2. He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won.
3. The situation was a bit discouraged.
depressing ~ depressed
Fill in the blank with proper words.
1. A. Nobody was interested in the story he told. B. The story he told was very interesting .
people addicted to drugs
a novel written by Luxun the advice given to the patient an old man supported by his son a school built for orphans
单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing,
( interested, interesting )
2. A. Everybody was excited to hear the news.
B. The news is very exciting indeed.
( excited, exciting ) 3. A. The result of the test was rather disappointing.
必修五Unit1过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词作定语和表语过去分词具有的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作、、状语和补足语。
定语——在句中修饰词或词的成分。
表语——是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。
1. a retired teacher （）一位退休的教师2. an honored guest （）一位受尊敬的客人3. The library is now closed. （）图书馆现在关门了。
4. You seem frightened. （）你看样子受了惊吓。
一、过去分词作定语修饰名词或代词1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面.encouraged people are excited.2. The broken cup is thrown away.3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago.2、有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。
in the given time （）with the words given（）a concerned look （）the people concerned（）a wanted person （）workers wanted （）3、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.使用过去分词作定语要注意：(1)及物动词（vt.）的过去分词，既表示被动意思又表示动作的完成；不及物动词（vi.）的过去分词只表示动作的完成。
过去分词作定语、表语考点透析
customers.
A. to solving; making
B. to solving; made
C. to solve; making
D. to solve; made
A. to boil B. having boiled
C. boiled D. boiling
2. The problem just ________ is an important one.
A. to be referred to B. referred to
C. referring to D. referred
There is nothing changed in my hometown since 1999.
2. 过去分词短语作定语
过去分词短语作定语，常常放在被修饰的词语之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：
Most of the guests invited to my birthday party were my school friends. = Most
She seemed terribly shocked upon hearing the sad news.
2. 当过去分词与be连用时，要注意区分是“系表结构”还是“被动语态”。过去分词在“系表结构”中表示状态，在“被动语态”中表示动作。例如：
The lake is surrounded by grass. （状态）
of the guests who were invited to my birthday party were my school friends.
过去分词作定语,表语,宾语补足语
过去分词作定语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。
从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词，形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。
考点1. 过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语的位置1）单个过去分词：一般情况下。
单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。
A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。
（谚语）Money spent is more than money earned。
花的钱比挣的钱多。
2）过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。
This will be the best novel of its kind of ever written. 这部小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是战斗中受伤的战士。
真题链接After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.A. providingB. providedC. have providedD. provide2.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受着，且该动作已经完成。
The question discussed yesterday. 昨天讨论的那个问题。
The person killed last year. 去年被杀的那个人。
2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。
Autumn comes, and there are many fallen leaves in the yard. 秋天来了，院子里有许多落叶。
When I got up and went into the yard, I saw the risen sun. 当我起床并走进院子时，我看到太阳已经升起来了。
过去分词作表语和定语
复习练习课
过去分词
• 动词的-ed形式即是语法中所说的过去分词 • 规则动词-ed形式就是直接加-ed，不规则动 词情况各异 • 动词-ed形式表示被动和完成。
过去分词作表语
• 作表语的过去分词（即动词-ed形式）大多 转化为形容词，用来表示主语的状态。 • 例如： excited,astonished,disappointed,interested ,worried,pleased……这些是表示主语的情 感状态 • Hidden,closed,planted,seated……这些是 表主语的状态
• ---Why are you so sad? • ---The football match___ for tomorrow will not be held. • A. planed • B. planning • C. to plan • D. to be plp breath to calm herself,but her voice still sounded____. • A. excitedly • B. exciting • C. excited • D. to be excited
• Cleanning women in big city usually get___ by the hour. • A. pay • B. paying • C. paid • D. to pay
• 1. ——（污染的空气和水）are harmful to our health. • 2. She is good at_____（英语口语） • 3. The problem_____（在昨天会议上讨论 过的）was very difficult to solve.
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7. The boy ____ D himself in the corner with his
back ____ to his father.
A. seat, turning B. seating, turned
C. seated, turn
meeting?
D. seated, turned
8. ---What’s the main purpose of tonight’s ---We are going to talk about the problem ____ A at the last meeting. A. mentioned B. having been mentioned C. being discussed D. having discussed
被动语态（表动作）
The shop is closed now. The shop is usually closed at 8. The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. I’m surprised to see him here. I’m surprised by the event.
1.语态上 现在分词:表示主动的动作 过去分词:表示被动的动作 I heard someone opening the door. I heard the door opened.
2.时间上
现在分词:表示正在进行的动作
过去分词:表示完成的动作
the falling leaves the fallen leaves boiling water the rising sun the risen sun
vi的过去分词做定语时----只表完成，不 表被动
Fallen leaves
Falling leaves
vi. 过分做定语只表示完成，不表被动
the fallen leaves 落叶 the falling leaves 正在飘零的叶子 the risen sun 升起了的太阳 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries 发展了的国家/发达国家 developing countries 发展中国家
2. Past Participle used as predicative
The shop is _________(close). closed
Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ paid (pay) by the hour.
broken There are two glasses which are _______ (break).
The girl dressed in red is my sister. He found her dressed in a black evening dress the book.
get done get hurt /injured/seprated/married
Sum up
过去分词作定语和表语的区别:
• (3)作定语时， 过去分词（done）----表被动完成的动作 being done----表示正在进行的被动动作 to be done----表示将来的被动动作
the school built 造好的桥（表示完成的被动动作） the school being built 正在建的桥（表示正在进 行的被动动作） the school to be built 将要建造的学校（表示将 来的被动动作）
定语 表语 放在名词和代词的前面或后面 表示动作已经完成或被动的 放在be 动词或系动词的后面
说明主语的状态或构成被动语态
要点--分词作定语
• 定语, 现在分词表示 • “主动、正在进行”, 而过去分词则一般 • 表示“被动、已经发生” • 不及物动词的过去 • 分词形式表示完成但 不含被动意义。 • • 有时单一过去分词 作定语后置, 相当于 被动式定语从句的 省略形式。 boiling water 正在煮沸的水(正在进行) boiled water 已煮沸的水(已经完成) a retired worker 一退休 工人 fallen leaves 落叶 The problems discussed (which were discussed) were very important. 被讨论的问题很重要。
丧家之犬
a dog which is lost an organized trip 有组织的旅行 a trip which is organized
• (1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作定语，放在 被修饰的词之前；过去分词短语作定语放在被修 饰的词之后，往往可用定语从句代替。 • She had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有一 种忧虑的表情。 • I like eating the frozen food. 我喜欢吃冷冻食品。 • The boy who injured ininjured the accident was taken was in the accident ) to hospital. 在事故中受伤的男孩被送到医院了。 • There is a car parked outside the house. 房子外 面停着一辆车。 which is parked in the house
表示状态的过去分词词组
be determined to do be buried in 这类过分词组，在做非谓语 be devoted to 结构时，一般都用过去分词 be lost in 来做状语，定语，以及补语 be covered with be based on be absorbed in be dressed in be caught in
形容词化的过分做的定语
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Disappointing news 1.令人失望的消息 Disappointed people2.感到失望的人们 Exciting story 3.激动人心的故事 Excited people 4.（感到）激动的人们 Tired people/ I’m 5.累了的人/我感到累了 tired 6. （使人觉得）无聊的 6. Tiring film 电影
boiled water
专项巩固练习 1. Most of the people ___ A to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 2. The speaker spoke so loudly in order to have his voice _____. D A. to be heard B. hear C. hearing D. heard 3. It’s not ____ A that you are ____. After all, you didn’t go to bed until 12 last night. A. surprising, tired B. surprising, tiring C. surprised, tiring D. surprised, tired
过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后， 往往可用定语从句代替
The boy (who had been) bitten by a snake was sent to the hospital. (被动完成)
• (2)个别情况下，也有单个过去分词作后置定语 的。如： • There was nobody injured. 没有人受伤。 • We’ve got a little left.我们只剩一点儿了。 • Do you know the number of books ordered? 你 知道订购了多少书吗？
There are two broken glasses.
excited (excite) The person who feels __________ is Ronaldo. The excited person is Ronaldo.
• (1)过去分词作表语（其中有些已变成形容词） 往往表示主语的状态或特点，常用在系动词后面， 这些系动词有be, remain, feel, grow, become等。 • I was delighted to be invited to her party. 我很高 兴被邀请参加她的晚会。 • She remained unmarried all her life. 她一生未婚。
Unit1 过去分词作 表语,定语
1. Past Participle used as attribute
fallen The ground is covered by _________ (fall) leaves.
wanted (want) people These __________ are from Hong Kong.
*过去分词做表语与现在分词作表语的区别 interested/interesting,excited/exciting,surprised/ surprising,frightened/frightening等。
*2）be+过去分词(化作adj.) 与 被动语态 的区别
be+过去分词(化作adj.) （表状态）
4. The question _____ B at yesterday’s meeting hasn’t been made ______ yet. A. discussing, known B. discussed, known C. being discussed, know D. to be discussed, know 5. I saw her ____ D at the windows, _____. A. seating, thought B. sitting, thought C. sat, thinking D. seated, thinking A I didn’t know 6. The door remained ____. where he had gone. A. closed B. closing C. close D. to be closed