中国菜翻译方法CultureChinese__Food
中国菜名标准英文翻译
中国菜的分类Classifications of Chinese Cuisine1.八大菜系Eight Famous Cuisines鲁菜Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)川菜Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)粤菜Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)闽菜Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)苏菜Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)浙菜Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)湘菜Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)徽菜Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)2.菜品分类Types of Courses凉菜类Cold Dishes热菜类Hot Dishes汤羹粥煲类Soups, Congees and Casseroles主食和小吃Main Food and Snacks西餐Western Cuisine开胃菜(头盘及沙拉类)Appetizers and Salads汤类Soups副菜Entrées主菜Main Courses配菜Side Dishes甜点Desserts饮品Drinks一、酒精类饮品Alcoholic Beverages1. 国酒Chinese Wines2. 洋酒Imported Wines白兰地与威士忌Brandy and Whisky金酒与朗姆酒Gin and Rum伏特加与龙舌兰Vodka and Tequila利口酒和开胃酒Liqueurs and Aperitifs红酒Red Wine二、不含酒精类饮品Non-Alcoholic Beverages三、中国饮品文化Chinese Drinking Culture1. 中国茶文化Chinese Tea Culture2. 中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture一．翻译原则1以主料为主，配料或配汁为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴的主料和配料主料(名称/形状)+with+配料如：松仁香菇Chinese Mushrooms with Pine Nuts2.菜肴的主料和配汁主料with /in+汤汁(Sauce)如：冰梅凉瓜Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce2二．以烹制方法为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴的做法和主料做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)如：拌双耳Tossed Black and White Fungus2.菜肴的做法、主料和配料做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)+配料如：豌豆辣牛肉Saut éed Spicy Beef and Green Peas3.菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁做法(动词过去分词) + 主料(名称/形状)+with /in+汤汁如：川北凉粉Tossed Clear Noodles with Chili Sauce三．以形状、口感为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴形状或口感以及主配料形状/口感+ 主料如：玉兔馒头Rabbit-Shaped Mantou脆皮鸡Crispy Chicken2.菜肴的做法、形状或口感、做法以及主配料做法(动词过去分词)+ 形状/口感+ 主料+ 配料如：小炒黑山羊Sautéed Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley3以人名、地名为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料人名(地名)+ 主料如：麻婆豆腐Mapo Tofu (Sautéed Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)广东点心Cantonese Dim Sum 4.介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、主配料及做法做法(动词过去式)+ 主辅料+ 人名/地名+ Style 如：四川辣子鸡Spicy Chicken, Sichuan Style北京炸酱面Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style5体现中国餐饮文化，使用汉语拼音命名或音译的翻译原则1.具有中国特色且被外国人接受的传统食品，本着推广汉语及中国餐饮文化的原则，使用汉语拼音。
中国菜用英语怎么说
中国菜用英语怎么说中国菜是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的总称。
源于中原，具有历史悠久、技术精湛、品类丰富、流派众多、风格独特的特点，是中国烹饪数千年发展的结晶，在世界上享有盛誉。
那么你知道中国菜用英语怎么说吗?下面店铺为大家带来中国菜的英语说法，欢迎大家学习。
中国菜的英语说法1：chinese dish中国菜的英语说法2：Chinese food中国菜的英语说法3：chinese cuisine中国菜相关英语表达：做中国菜 cook Chinese food中国菜真不错 Chinese food is really great我爱中国菜 I like Chinese food中国菜的英语例句：1. There's a Chinese takeaway in the centre of town.在市中心有一家中国菜的外卖餐馆.2. This restaurant is known for its Chinese meals.这家餐馆以中国菜出名.3. Other neighbourhoods in the city offer foodies a choice of Chinese, Portuguese or Greek food.城里的其他街区为食客们提供了中国菜、葡式菜、希腊菜等多种选择。
4. Was it Chinese or Western food?是中国菜还是西洋菜?5. This dish has a strong tinge of Chinese cuisine.这道菜很有些中国菜的风味.6. I'm going to go out and eat Chinese food.我倒想出去尝尝中国菜.7. Had Mr Big discovered my weakness for great sex and greasy Chinese?难道大人物发现我喜欢做爱和中国菜?8. Well, the food you are cooking tells me . Could you tell me something about Chinese food?哦, 是从你烧的这些菜看出来的. 你能给我讲一些关于中国菜方面的知识吗 ?9. The Chinese dishes at this banquet are very delicious.这次宴会上的中国菜味道非常美.10. I'm starving. How about some Chinese food for lunch?我饿了, 中午吃中国菜怎么样?11. I made several Chinese dishes for the party and everyone enjoyed it.我做了几道中国菜,结果大受欢迎.12. I can , as a matter of fact, cook Chinese food.实际上, 我会煮中国菜.13. My wife prefers Chinese food but give me Thai food any day.我妻子喜欢吃中国菜,可我最喜欢吃泰国菜.14. Below are some recipes you may want to try.不妨参考下例食谱--载取于贵公司销售的[中国菜]这光碟.15. Sliced Chilli Sauce is a delicous dish in China.夫妻肺片是一道很经典的中国菜.中国菜用英语怎么说中国菜是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的总称。
中华文化概述(翻译专项词汇)
中华文化概述重要文化遗产major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术outstanding folk art独特的艺术价值unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神patriotism国宝national treasure文物cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors文人scholar; the intellectual雅士refined scholar才子佳人gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术refined/high art中外学者Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreign serve China无愧于时代的作品works worthy of the times文明摇篮cradle of civilization古文明ancient civilization博大精深to be extensive and profound享有……的美誉to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为to be honored/crowned as占据重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place肩负……的责任to shoulder the responsibility of…与……密不可分to be closely associated with…推广中国文化to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平to promote world peace增进友谊to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动cultural and amusement activities文化产业culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流cultural exchange文化冲击culture shock文化差异cultural difference民族特性和价值观national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播to promote the spread of culture促进交流to promote exchanges蓬勃发展to flourish丰富多彩to be rich and colorful 风俗习惯custom禁忌taboo中华民族the Chinese nation传统美德traditional virtues尊敬老人to respect the elderly赡养父母to support/take care of parents继承to inherit后人later generation强身健体improve the physical health; strengthen the body 益寿延年to prolong life保佑平安to keep sb. safe象征意义symbolic meaning象征好运和祝福to symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味taste for beauty; aesthetic taste传统文化传统工艺品traditional handicraft形状不一different shapes材质各异various materials质地坚硬hard texture造型生动vivid figure色彩丰富rich colors风格独特characteristic/unique style中医traditional Chinese medicine中草药herbal medicine望、闻、问、切observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking 症状symptom针灸acupuncture推拿medical massage重大发明a significant invention中国古代四大发明Four Great Inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针compass文房四宝the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚ink brush, inkstick, Xuan paper, inkstone 汉字Chinese character笔划stroke四书五经the Four Books and the Five Classics唐诗宋词poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties诗人poet四大名著the Four Great Classical Novels八股文the eight-part essay普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese琴棋书画lute-playing, chess, calligraphy and painting 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting水墨画Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting民俗folk custom文化遗产cultural heritage非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage吉祥/幸运数字lucky number偶数/双数even number奇数/单数odd number吉祥物mascot龙dragon凤phoenix龟tortoise吉祥图案lucky pattern姓氏文化surname culture婚嫁习俗marriage custom传统婚礼traditional wedding葬礼习俗funeral custom迷信/迷信的superstition/superstitious武术martial arts中国功夫Chinese Kung Fu太极Tai Chi中国象棋Chinese chess中国围棋Go麻将mahjong宗教religion伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosque寺庙temple和尚/僧人monk民间故事folk tale寓言fable传说legend凡间human world思想学派school of thought思想观念ideology哲学家philosopher思想家thinker创始人founder代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu; Lao Zi庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu《论语》The Analects of Confucius《道德经》Tao Te Ching《易经》The Book of Changes《孙子兵法》The Art of War传统节日春节the Spring Festival/Chinese New Year元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day/Qing Ming Festival端午节the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节the Mid-autumn Day/Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Day七夕节the Double Seventh Day/QiXi Festival除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve公历/阳历solar calendar农历/阴历lunar calendar庆祝（节日）celebrate; observe起源origin起源于to originate in/from习俗tradition; convention; custom年夜饭annual reunion dinner拜年to pay a New Year call探亲访友to (pay a ) visit (to) relatives and friends亲朋好友relatives and friends大扫除to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck 去除灾难to ward off evils压岁钱luck money发红包to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes欢度……to celebrate…; the celebration of…春联spring couplets爆竹firecrackers; fireworks年画New Year pictures庙会temple fair民间艺人folk artist祭神god-worshiping舞龙dragon dance灯笼/花灯(festival) lantern灯谜lantern riddle有益的智力活动beneficial intellectual activity中国结Chinese knot赛龙舟dragon boat race赏月to enjoy the full moon登高hill climbing放风筝to fly a kite荡秋千to play/ride on a swing民间艺术中国传统戏曲Chinese traditional operas京剧Peking Opera京剧脸谱the facial makeup of Beijing Opera/Peking Opera Mask正面角色positive role说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating; teasing and singing 传统乐器traditional instrument木偶戏puppet show皮影戏shadow play杂技acrobatics相声crosstalk说书story-telling民间工艺folk craft手艺craftsmanship工匠/手工艺人craftsman剪纸Chinese paper cutting刺绣embroidery丝绸silk纺织品textile瓷器porcelain; chinaware陶器pottery; earthenware青铜器bronze ware中国结Chinese knot泥塑clay figure modeling中国玉器Chinese jade雕刻carving中餐及烹饪方法中国菜/中餐Chinese cuisine; Chinese food八大菜系Eight Cuisines粤菜Canton cuisine 国宴state banquet色香味outlook, flavor and taste香脆可口crispy and tasty营养丰富nutritious烹饪技巧cooking technique煎to fry炒to stir-fry炸to deep-fry烩/焖/炖to stew蒸to steam煮to boil烘焙to bake烤to roast切条to cut to strips切丁to dice切碎to mince磨碎to grind饮食习惯dietary habit特色食品special food; specialty元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings年糕rice cake油条deep-fried dough sticks豆浆soybean milk馒头steamed bun包子steamed stuffed bun拉面hand-stretched noodles豆腐tofu; bean curd麻花fried dough twist皮蛋100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭fried rice with egg火锅hot pot原材ingredient调料seasoning; dressing猪/牛肉丸pork/beef ball鸭肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck素菜馆vegetarian restaurant白酒Chinese liquor中国历史四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations 中华文明Chinese civilization文明的摇篮cradle of civilization文明古国ancient civilization人类文明史the history of human civilization远古时代ancient times原始社会primitive society封建社会feudal society源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history随着时间的推移as time goes by朝代dynasty春秋战国时期the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period古都ancient capital皇帝/君主emperor; monarch勤政爱民to be diligent and love one’s people退位to give up the throne丞相/宰相prime minister学者scholar政治家statesman军事家military strategist鸦片战争the Opium War南昌起义Nanchang Uprising辛亥革命the 1911 Revolution五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919抗日战争the Anti-Japanese War西安事变Xi’an Incident南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre长征the Long March历史遗留问题 a question left over from history/the past在战争中损毁to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略to resist the invasion在……世纪初at the beginning of…century迄今为止up till now追溯到to date back to; to be traced back to…来源于to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发祥地birthplace兴起于……，兴盛于……to emerge in…and prosper in…社会地位social status建立（朝代）to build; to found; to establish繁荣to prosper/flourish灭亡to collapse; to come to an end以……命名to be named after…历史人物historic figure闰年leap year商业经济集体经济collective economy计划经济planned economy自由经济liberal economy商品经济commodity economy经济体制改革reform of the economic system经济特区special economic zone人均国民收入national income per capita第一产业/农业primary industry; agriculture第二产业/工业secondary industry; manufacturing第三产业/服务业tertiary industry; service农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing经济增长率economic growth rate财政政策fiscal policy经济结构调整adjustment of economic structure优化经济结构to optimize the economic structure改善经济环境to improve economic environment科学技术是第一生产力science and technology are the primary productive forces国有资产state-owned property开放国内市场to open domestic market缩小贫富差距to narrow the gap between the rich and poor 消除贫困to eliminate poverty共同富裕common prosperity经济形势economic situation经济波动economic fluctuation经济衰退economic depression; recession经济稳定economic stability经济政策economic policy经济复原economic recovery经济奇迹economic miracle经济起飞economic take-off全球经济global economy经济学家economist企业家entrepreneur经济全球化economic globalization市场经济market economy市场调节marker regulation市场多元化market diversification推动经贸合作to boost economic and trade cooperation商界business communities互惠互利mutual benefit总需求aggregate/total demand总供给aggregate supply扩大内需to expand domestic demand团购group buying财政预算financial budget耐用消费品durable consumer goods年末促销year-end promotion垄断monopoly垄断行业monopoly industry市场占有率market share生产力/生产率productivity经济增长放缓economic slowdown国有企业state-owned enterprise (SOE)私营企业private business合资企业joint venture民营企业privately-run business中小企业small and medium-sized enterprise小微企业small and micro-sized firm民间资本private capital民间投资private investment泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy实体经济the real economy外汇储备充足sufficient foreign exchange reserve 国内/国际贸易domestic/international trade对外贸易foreign trade贸易条件terms of trade不公平竞争unfair competition海关customs关税customs duty水货/走私货smuggled goods产品质量product quality高度评价to speak highly of物美价廉competitive price and superior quality 销量/销售额sales存货/库存量stocks金融组织fiinancial institution商业信誉commercial reputation管理机制management mechanism改善服务to improve services延长保修期to extend maintenance制造商/制造厂manufacturer原材料raw material 样品sample大规模生产mass production年产量annual output劳动力密集型产业labour-intensive industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 工作歧视discrimination in workplace高消耗high consumption高投入high investment沿袭……模式to continue with the model of…住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan分期付款to pay by installments信贷紧缩credit squeeze利率interest rate找工作to hunt for a job; job-hunting招聘广告the want ads职位position; post; job vacancy/opening求职信application letter个人简历resume; CV填写申请表to fill in/out application form接受职位to accept/take the post接任职位to take over the position工作面试job interview职业前景job/career prospects就业机会job opportunity工资待遇pay offer津贴allowance带薪假paid vacation伤残保险disability insurance失业保险unemployment insurance培训咨询training consultancy专业技能professional expertise脑力劳动mental work体力劳动labour/physical work手工劳动manual labour/work工作时间working time加班to work overtime; overtime夜班night shift零工odd job证券securities资产assets利润profit供需平衡balance between supply and demand 供求关系supply and demand relation供过于求supply exceeds demand通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation基本建设/基础设施infrastructure生活标准/生活水平living standard购买力purchasing power; buying power短缺shortage不发达的underdeveloped发展中的developing持续、快速和健康的经济发展sustained, rapid and sound economic development四大国有银行the four major state-owned banks支票cheque/check转账/过户to transfer存钱to deposit money取钱to withdraw money货币money; currency发行issue现金cash零钱change钞票/纸币banknote; note; bill汇率/兑换率exchange rate利息interest保险insurance抵押mortgage税制taxation system征税/纳税taxation个人所得税individual income tax免税的tax-free纳税人taxpayer股票市场stock exchange股份/股票share; stock股息/红利dividend房地产real estate经济适用房economically affordable house廉租房low-rent house旅游地理地理geography华东East China华南South China西部地区western region中西部地区central and western regions; midwest地形地势terrain海拔/高度elevation 大陆continent平原plain高地plateau; highland低地lowland盆地basin山mountain山峰peak山区mountainous area沿海地区coastal region沿海港口coastal port岛屿island半岛peninsula山谷/峡谷valley; canyon海峡channel; strait黄河the Yellow River长江the Yangtze River五岳the Five Mountains泰山Mount Tai西湖West lake丝绸之路the Silk Road文化古迹cultural relics建筑architecture长城the Great Wall故宫the Imperial Palace; the Forbidden City 天坛the Temple of Heaven国家博物馆national museum钟楼bell tower鼓楼drum tower胡同Hutong大运河Grand Canal苏州园林Suzhou gardens景点tourist attraction; scenic spot名胜古迹places of interests避暑胜地summer resort森林公园forest park自然保护区nature reserve自然景观natural scenery壮丽河山magnificent scenery淡水湖freshwater lake古典山水园林classical landscape garden皇家园林royal garden中外游客tourists from home and abroad游乐园amusement park植物园botanical garden度假to take a vacation; to go on holiday门票(entrance) ticket星级酒店star-rated hotel保存最完好的best-preserved原址original site高峰期rush hour人山人海/人满为患overcrowded; to be packed with overcrowded people翻山越岭to climb mountains and hills受到……的热烈欢迎to be warmly welcomed by…位于to be located in/at省会provincial capital水域面积water area三面环山to be surrounded by mountains on three sides 全长……公里to stretch for… km/kilometers面貌焕然一新to take on a completely new look丰富知识to enrich one’s knowledge开阔视野to broaden one’s horizons扩大知识面to enlarge the scope of knowledge培养独立性to cultivate independence运输工具means of transportation公共交通public transport地铁站subway station候车室waiting room护照passport签证有效期validity of visa散客individual visitor团体游客group visitor环境灾害气候climate环境保护environmental protection环境问题environmental problem/issue环境污染environmental pollution污染物pollutant全球变暖global warming温室效应greenhouse effect废水waste water; polluted water废气pollution gas;exhaust gas白色污染white pollution雾霾天气smog weather沙尘天气sand and dust weather提高全民环保意识to raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction; energy conservation and emission reduction预防为主、防治结合policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control环境产品environment-friendly product一次性产品disposable product开发可再生资源to develop renewable resources高能耗产业energy-intensive industry生态环境the ecological environment水土流失water loss and soil erosion水土保持water and soil conservation降雨量rainfall物种灭绝the extinction of bio-species先污染后治理to exert control after pollution碳减排carbon emission reduction温室气体greenhouse gas emission二氧化碳carbon dioxide新能源汽车green car汽车尾气motor vehicle exhaust发动机排量engine displacement零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle小排量汽车small-displacement car资源枯竭depletion of resources能源危机energy crisis原油crude oil油价飙升oil prices surge可代替能源alternative energy清洁能源clean energy新型能源new type energy回收利用to recycle垃圾分类garbage classification可回收的recyclable不可回收的unrecyclable处理to dispose低碳城市化道路way of low-carbon urbanization城市化urbanization濒临灭绝/失传to be on the verge of extinction/loss珍稀濒危物种rare and endangered species稀有物种rare species防护林带shelter belt森林覆盖率forest coverage rate改善土壤soil improvement地质灾害geological disaster灾难catastrophe; tragedy; disaster不幸misfortune伤亡人员casualty伤亡人数death toll台风typhoon火山爆发volcanic eruption地震earthquake洪水flood干旱drought教育普及教育universal education素质教育quality education；quality-oriented education 应试教育examination-oriented education九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education学前教育preschool education初等教育elementary education小学elementary school；primary school初中junior high school高中senior high school希望工程Project Hope学龄儿童school-ager失学儿童dropout课业负担academic burden学生减负alleviate the burden on students入学率enrollment rate适龄儿童入学率enrollment rate for children of school age 高考university/college entrance examination高等教育higher education高等学府institution of higher education综合性大学comprehensive university文科院校college of (liberal) arts理工科大学college/university of science and engineering 师范学院normal college军校military academy大学城college town象牙塔ivory tower校园文化campus culture高校扩招the college expansion助学贷款student loan; educational loan受过良好教育的well-educated大学生undergraduate研究生graduate student；postgraduate（student）应届毕业生graduating student；current year’s graduate 考研to take the entrance exams for postgraduate school 读研to attend graduate school毕业典礼graduation ceremony毕业论文a graduation paper毕业实习graduation field work; to go out on internships 授予学位to confer an academic degree on sb.博士学位doctor’s degree硕士学位master’s degree学士学位bachelor’s degree在职博士生on-job doctorate就业难tough employment缓解就业压力to alleviate employment pressure中专生students of secondary vocational school扩大招生人数to enlarge school enrollment/recruits升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade高分低能high scores and low abilities填鸭式教学cramming method of teaching培训班training class走读生extern; non-resident student住校生boarder课外活动extracurricular activity必修课required/compulsory course选修课elective/optional course基础课basic course专业课specialized course专业知识specialized knowledge开设课程to offer a course课程表school schedule教学大纲teaching program; syllabus学分制credit system补考make-up examination学年school year师资力量teaching faculty推进素质教育to push ahead with education for all-around development基本实现教育现代化to basically modernize education招生就业指导enrollment and vocation guidance竞争激烈fierce competition评价体系evaluation system选拔官员/人才to select officials/talents出国留学to study abroad海外留学生overseas student; international student文盲illiteracy; illiterate继续教育continuing/further education终身学习life-long learning自学考试self-study examination夜间大学evening university电视大学open university成人夜校night school for adults在职进修班on-job training courses远程学习distance learning充电to update one’s knowledge教育界education circle教育投入input in education教育公平fairness/equality in education教育资源education resource教师资源teacher resource分配不均衡unevenly distribute/allocate教学设施teaching facility缩小城乡教育差距to bridge/narrow the educational gap between rural and urban areas辍学率dropout rate科技科技发展scientific and technologicaladvancement/development新兴学科emerging discipline生物技术bio-technology克隆cloning基因工程genetic engineering空间实验室space laboratory航天飞机shuttle卫星satellite探测器detector软件software网络世界cyber world网络文化cyber culture网络犯罪cyber crime信息革命information revolution电子货币e-currency人工智能artificial intelligence (AI)虚拟银行virtual bank电子商务e-business; e-commerce网络出版e-publishing个人信息泄露leakage of personal information搜索引擎search engine网页浏览web browsing即时消息instant message 视频电话video phone文件传输document transmission在线社区online community社交模式social networking网上冲浪to surf on the Internet信息时代information age信息爆炸information explosion高科技产品high-tech product电子设备electronic device智能手机smartphone; intelligent handset创新innovation研发research and development核心技术core technology电讯telecommunication硬件hardware网民netizen活跃用户active user对……上瘾to be/get addicted to…计算机病毒computer virus虚拟世界virtual world网上购物online shopping消费理念consumption concept大众媒体mass media出版商publisher电子版electronic version娱乐资讯entertainment information三维电影three-dimensional movie在线娱乐online entertainment当地新闻local news简讯brief news获取信息to obtain information收视率audience rating垃圾信息spam message骚扰电话harassing call社会生活基本国策 a basic national/state policy制定政策to make a policy（政策）生效/开始实施to come into force/effect晚婚晚育late marriage and late childbirth搞好优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care 稳定低生育水平to stabilize the low birth rate推行可持续发展战略to pursue the strategy of sustainable development简化审批程序to simplify approval procedures行政管理administrative management违反规定to violate a rule/regulation少数名族ethnic minority过快增长excessive growth急剧下降to be on the sharp decline人口稠密/稀少densely/sparsely populated人口基数/密度/分布population base/density/distribution 人口出生率birth rate人口增长的高峰期baby boom人口素质quality of the population人口老龄化aging of population人口流动population mobility老龄化社会aging society医疗服务medical service满足基本需求to satisfy basic needs社会效益social benefit健康管理health management应运而生to appear accordingly; to emerge asrequired/needed普通市民ordinary resident物价上涨rising price家政服务业home services industry建筑工地construction site农产品agricultural product爱情告白to express one’s love几世同堂的家庭a family consisting of several generations 性骚扰sexual harassment贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor挂失to report the loss补办to re-apply/re-register/post-register城镇化urbanization高楼大厦high-rise/tall/high building小康社会well-off society贫困家庭poor family和睦相处to live in peace/harmony中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 物质文化material civilization精神文化spiritual civilization为人民服务to serve the people坚持……的方针to adhere to the principle of…社会保障social security养老保险retirement insurance医疗保险medical insurance 弱势群体disadvantaged group单亲single parent关心老龄人to care for senior citizens大龄青年older adults; single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女the only child in family社会背景social background福利welfare福利彩票welfare lotteries家政服务household management service户籍household registration居住证residence permit基础设施建设infrastructure construction劳动力短缺labor shortage空巢老人empty nester农民工migrant worker农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers机动车辆猛增motor vehicles surge交通堵塞traffic jam/congestion过度拥挤overcrowded单双号限号even-odd license plate plan闯红灯running red light扣分处罚point penalty酒驾drunk driving终身禁驾lifetime ban from driving性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视age discrimination盗版pirated; illegal copies政策法规法制观念awareness of law法制国家a country with an adequate legal system改革开放reform and opening-up可持续发展sustainable development和谐并存harmonious coexistence计划生育family planning计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education公务员civil servants官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency居委会neighborhood committee一国两制One Country, Two Systems一个中国原则the one-China principle两岸关系cross-straits relations两岸谈判cross-straits negotiations领土完整territorial integrity民族精神national spirit求同存异to seek common ground while shelving differences精神文明建设the construction of spiritual civilization 与时俱进to keep pace with the times综合国力overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略）going global全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign人口普查census社会保险social insurance。
中国菜名官方翻译原则
中国菜名官方翻译原则：终于知道怎么给老外介绍中国菜了夫妻肺片Couple’s Sliced Beef in Chili Sauce、麻婆豆腐Mapo Tofu、北京炸酱面Noodles with Soy Bean Paste,Beijing Style…中国菜名不仅包含了原材料，还糅合了文化、历史等元素。
掌握菜单翻译原则，看完终于知道怎么给老外介绍中国菜了!中国菜的分类Classifications of Chinese Cuisine一、八大菜系Eight Famous Cuisines鲁菜Lu Cuisine(Shandong Cuisine)川菜Chuan Cuisine(Sichuan Cuisine)粤菜Yue Cuisine(Guangdong Cuisine)闽菜Min Cuisine(Fujian Cuisine)苏菜Su Cuisine(Jiangsu Cuisine)浙菜Zhe Cuisine(Zhejiang Cuisine)湘菜Xiang Cuisine(Hunan Cuisine)徽菜Hui Cuisine(Anhui Cuisine)二、菜品分类Types of Courses凉菜类Cold Dishes热菜类Hot Dishes汤羹粥煲类Soups,Congees and Casseroles主食和小吃Main Food and Snacks西餐Western Cuisine开胃菜(头盘及沙拉类)Appetizers and Salads汤类Soups副菜Entrées主菜Main Courses配菜Side Dishes甜点Desserts饮品Drinks一、酒精类饮品Alcoholic Beverages国酒Chinese Wines洋酒Imported Wines白兰地与威士忌Brandy and Whisky金酒与朗姆酒Gin and Rum伏特加与龙舌兰Vodka and Tequila利口酒和开胃酒Liqueurs and Aperitifs红酒Red Wine二、不含酒精类饮品Non-Alcoholic Beverages三、中国饮品文化Chinese Drinking Culture中国茶文化Chinese Tea Culture中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture中国菜名的翻译原则以主料为主，配料或配汁为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴的主料和配料主料(名称/形状)+with+配料如：松仁香菇Chinese Mushrooms with Pine Nuts2.菜肴的主料和配汁主料with/in+汤汁(Sauce)如：冰梅凉瓜Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce以烹制方法为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴的做法和主料做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)如：拌双耳Tossed Black and White Fungus2.菜肴的做法、主料和配料做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)+配料如：豌豆辣牛肉Sautéed Spicy Beef and Green Peas3.菜肴的做法、主料和汤汁做法(动词过去分词)+主料(名称/形状)+with/in+汤汁如：川北凉粉Tossed Clear Noodles with Chili Sauce以形状、口感为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴形状或口感以及主配料形状/口感+主料如：玉兔馒头Rabbit-Shaped Mantou脆皮鸡Crispy Chicken2.菜肴的做法、形状或口感、做法以及主配料做法(动词过去分词)+形状/口感+主料+配料如：小炒黑山羊Sautéed Sliced Lamb with Pepper and Parsley 以人名、地名为主，原料为辅的翻译原则1.菜肴的创始人(发源地)和主料人名(地名)+主料如：麻婆豆腐Mapo Tofu(Sautéed Tofu in Hot and Spicy Sauce)广东点心Cantonese Dim Sum2.介绍菜肴的创始人(发源地)、主配料及做法做法(动词过去式)+主辅料+人名/地名+Style如：四川辣子鸡Spicy Chicken,Sichuan Style北京炸酱面Noodles with Soy Bean Paste,Beijing Style体现中国餐饮文化，使用汉语拼音命名或音译的翻译原则1.具有中国特色且被外国人接受的传统食品，本着推广汉语及中国餐饮文化的原则，使用汉语拼音。
中国菜的翻译方法- Culture-Chinese__ Food
4. Ways of Translating Chinese Dishes
直译法 (1) 烹调法 主料 烹调法+主料 爆虾：quick-fried shrimps 煨牛肉：simmered beef 涮羊肉：instant boilded mutton 炒腰片：fried sliced pig’s kidney 清蒸鳜鱼/桂鱼：steamed Mandarin fish
3. Terms of Materials and Ingredients
大蒜 garlic 生姜 ginger 葱 spring onions 大葱 leeks 绿豆芽 bean sprouts 豆腐 bean curd / Tofu 羊肉 mutton
味精 Monosidum glutamate 花椒Chinese red pepper 酱油 soy sauce 醋 vinegar 淀粉 cornstarch 麻油 sesame oil 蚝油oyster sauce 胡椒 pepper 辣椒粉 red chilly powder
1. Terms for Cutting Food
切、削：cutting 切片：slicing 切丝：shredding 切碎：mincing 切丁：dicing 切柳：filleting 去骨：boning 去皮：skinning 刮鳞：scaling
2. ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱerms of Cooking
炒： stir-frying 煎： pan-frying 爆： quick-frying 炸： deep-frying 熏： smoking 烧： braising 煮： boiling 蒸： steaming 炖/煨/焖： stewing/simmering 烤/烘： roasting/grilling/baking 白灼： scalding
中国菜的翻译
• 二、过去分词前置修饰语
• 中式菜的烹调方式繁多 ,主要有煎、 炒、 炸、烹、 烧、 烤、 焖、 炖、 煨、 蒸、 酱、 拌、 熏、 腌。英译时的一般原则 是用相应动词的过去分词来翻译 ,它在菜名中作前置修饰语。 如: 炸鸡卷 f ried chicken rolls
• 红焖肘子 braised pork joint
二、以烹制方法开头的翻译方法
• 1.介绍菜肴的做法和主料 • 做法（动词过去式）+主料（名称/形状） • 如：火爆腰花 Sautéed Pig's Kidney
• 2.介绍菜肴的做法、主料和配料 • 做法（动词过去式）+主料（名称/形状）+ 配料 • 如：地瓜烧肉——Stewed Diced Pork and Sweet Potatoes • 干豆角回锅肉——Sautéed Spicy Pork with Dried Beans
• 红烧肉
pork braised in brown sauce
• 姜汁松花 eggs preserved in ginger sauce
• 烤羊肉串 mutton cubes roasted on spit
• 鸭焖海参 duck stewed with sea cucumber
• 四、介词短语作后置修饰语 • 中式菜绝大多数主料、 配料和调料都十分明确。翻译时大
• 此外 ,在中国传统文化中 ,一些赋予深刻象征意义的高贵植 物和晶莹透亮的玉石被用来为一些色泽鲜艳、 爽心悦目的 菜肴冠名。人们常用 “芙蓉” 代表 “蛋白”, “玉兰片” 代替 “笋片”,把虾仁、 豆腐比作 “白玉”,蚕豆、 青豆比 作 “翡翠”,甚至萝卜丝也成了 “珊瑚”,豆芽变成了 “银 芽” 。但这种高雅的联想与另一种语言文化是无法相融的 , 英译的原则只有:实译。如:
中国文化英文之中国菜Chinese cuisine ppt课件
3. Temperature
• As early as 2,000 years ago, the Chinese had already learnt the importance of cooking temperature.
• The famous poet, Su Dongpo, took up cooking as a hobby after a setback in his official career.
宫廷菜御膳北京北海公园内的仿膳饭庄颐和园内的听鹂餐厅孔府菜山东济南和北京先后开办了孔膳堂饭庄谭家菜清末官僚宗浚家广东南海随园菜清代官府菜袁枚号随园老人南京金陵饭店素菜宫廷素菜寺观素菜厦门南普陀寺泉州开元寺福州鼓山涌泉寺杭州灵隐寺扬州大明寺南京鸡鸣寺成都宝光寺以宗教名山如佛教的峨嵋山普陀山和首都的青城山民间素菜天津真素园上海功德林南京绿柳居北京全素斋广州菜要香西安素味香宫廷菜代表
• The famous Beijing dish, Fried Pork Liver and Duck Gizzard, is fried in hot oil at a high temperature for only a few seconds, so that it is tender inside and crisp outside. If the dish were cooked at a low temperature, the meat would be tough.
• Braised Pork in Brown Sauce was one of his masterpieces. After he was transferred to Hangzhou, he often made this dish to entertain his guests and wrote a poem to describe the cooking process:
中国菜单的标准英语翻译
中国菜英语翻译（全）中餐 Chinese Food冷菜类 Cold Dishes白菜心拌蜇头：Marinated Jellyfish and Chinese Cabbage in Vinaigrette白灵菇扣鸭掌：Mushrooms with Duck Feet拌豆腐丝：Shredded Tofu with Sauce白切鸡：Boiled Chicken with Sauce拌双耳：Tossed Black and White Fungus冰梅凉瓜：Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce冰镇芥兰：Chinese Broccoli with Wasabi朝鲜辣白菜：Korean Cabbage in Chili Sauce朝鲜泡菜：Kimchi陈皮兔肉：Rabbit Meat with Tangerine Flavor川北凉粉：Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce刺身凉瓜：Bitter Melon with Wasabi豆豉多春鱼：Shisamo in Black Bean Sauce夫妻肺片：Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce干拌牛舌：Ox Tongue in Chili Sauce干拌顺风：Pig Ear in Chili Sauce怪味牛腱：Spiced Beef Shank红心鸭卷：Sliced Duck Rolls with Egg Yolk姜汁皮蛋：Preserved Eggs in Ginger Sauce酱香猪蹄：Pig Feet Seasoned with Soy Sauce酱肘花：Sliced Pork in Soy Sauce金豆芥兰：Chinese Broccoli with Soy Beans韭黄螺片：Sliced Sea Whelks with Hotbed Chives老北京豆酱：Traditional Beijing Bean Paste老醋泡花生：Peanuts Pickled in Aged Vinegar凉拌金针菇：Golden Mushrooms and Mixed Vegetables 凉拌西芹云耳：Celery with White Fungus卤水大肠：Marinated Pork Intestines卤水豆腐：Marinated Tofu卤水鹅头：Marinated Goose Heads卤水鹅翼：Marinated Goose Wings卤水鹅掌：Marinated Goose Feet卤水鹅胗：Marinated Goose Gizzard卤水鸡蛋：Marinated Eggs卤水金钱肚：Marinated Pork Tripe卤水牛腱：Marinated Beef Shank卤水牛舌：Marinated Ox Tongue卤水拼盘：Marinated Meat Combination卤水鸭肉：Marinated Duck Meat萝卜干毛豆：Dried Radish with Green Soybean麻辣肚丝：Shredded Pig Tripe in Chili Sauce美味牛筋：Beef Tendon蜜汁叉烧：Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork明炉烧鸭：Roast Duck泡菜什锦：Assorted Pickles泡椒凤爪：Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers皮蛋豆腐：Tofu with Preserved Eggs乳猪拼盘：Roast Suckling Pig珊瑚笋尖：Sweet and Sour Bamboo Shoots爽口西芹：Crispy Celery四宝烤麸：Marinated Bran Dough with Peanuts and Black Fungus 松仁香菇：Black Mushrooms with Pine Nuts蒜茸海带丝：Sliced Kelp in Garlic Sauce跳水木耳：Black Fungus with Pickled Capsicum拌海螺：Whelks and Cucumber五彩酱鹅肝：Goose Liver with White Gourd五香牛肉：Spicy Roast Beef五香熏干：Spicy Smoked Dried Tofu五香熏鱼：Spicy Smoked Fish五香云豆：Spicy Kidney Beans腌三文鱼：Marinated Salmon盐焗鸡：Baked Chicken in Salt盐水虾肉：Poached Salted Shrimps Without Shell糟香鹅掌：Braised Goose Feet in Rice Wine Sauce酿黄瓜条：Pickled Cucumber Strips米醋海蜇：Jellyfish in Vinegar卤猪舌：Marinated Pig Tongue三色中卷：Squid Rolls Stuffed with Bean, Ham and Egg Yolk 蛋衣河鳗：Egg Rolls Stuffed with Eel盐水鹅肉：Goose Slices in Salted Spicy Sauce冰心苦瓜：Bitter Melon Salad五味九孔：Fresh Abalone in Spicy Sauce明虾荔枝沙拉：Shrimps and Litchi Salad五味牛腱：Spicy Beef Shank拌八爪鱼：Spicy Cuttlefish鸡脚冻：Chicken Feet Galantine香葱酥鱼：Crispy Crucian Carp in Scallion Oil蒜汁鹅胗：Goose Gizzard in Garlic Sauce黄花素鸡：Vegetarian Chicken with Day Lily姜汁鲜鱿：Fresh Squid in Ginger Sauce桂花糯米藕：Steamed Lotus Root Stuffed with Sweet Sticky Rice 卤鸭冷切：Spicy Marinated Duck松田青豆：Songtian Green Beans色拉九孔：Abalone Salad凉拌花螺：Cold Sea Whelks with Dressing素鸭：Vegetarian Duck酱鸭：Duck Seasoned with Soy Sauce麻辣牛筋：Spicy Beef Tendon醉鸡：Liquor-Soaked Chicken可乐芸豆：French Beans in Coca-Cola桂花山药：Chinese Yam with Osmanthus Sauce豆豉鲫鱼：Crucian Carp with Black Bean Sauce水晶鱼冻：Fish Aspic酱板鸭：Spicy Salted Duck烧椒皮蛋：Preserved Eggs with Chili酸辣瓜条：Cucumber with Hot and Sour Sauce五香大排：Spicy Pork Ribs三丝木耳：Black Fungus with Cucumber and Vermicelle 酸辣蕨根粉：Hot and Sour Fern Root Noodles小黄瓜蘸酱：Small Cucumber with Soybean Paste拌苦菜：Mixed Bitter Vegetables蕨根粉拌蛰头：Fern Root Noodles with Jellyfish老醋黑木耳：Black Fungus in Vinegar清香苦菊：Chrysanthemum with Sauce琥珀核桃：Honeyed Walnuts杭州凤鹅：Pickled Goose, Hangzhou Style香吃茶树菇：Spicy Tea Tree Mushrooms琥珀花生：Honeyed Peanuts葱油鹅肝：Goose Liver with Scallion and Chili Oil 拌爽口海苔：Sea Moss with Sauce巧拌海茸：Mixed Seaweed蛋黄凉瓜：Bitter Melon with Egg Yolk龙眼风味肠：Sausage Stuffed with Salty Egg水晶萝卜：Sliced Turnip with Sauce腊八蒜茼蒿：Crown Daisy with Sweet Garlic香辣手撕茄子：Eggplant with Chili Oil酥鲫鱼：Crispy Crucian Carp水晶鸭舌：Duck Tongue Aspic卤水鸭舌：Marinated Duck Tongue香椿鸭胗：Duck Gizzard with Chinese Toon卤水鸭膀：Marinated Duck Wings香糟鸭卷：Duck Rolls Marinated in Rice Wine盐水鸭肝：Duck Liver in Salted Spicy Sauce水晶鹅肝：Goose Liver Aspic豉油乳鸽皇：Braised Pigeon with Black Bean Sauce 酥海带：Crispy Seaweed脆虾白菜心：Chinese Cabbage with Fried Shrimps香椿豆腐：Tofu with Chinese Toon拌香椿苗：Chinese Toon with Sauce糖醋白菜墩：Sweet and Sour Chinese Cabbage姜汁蛰皮：Jellyfish in Ginger Sauce韭菜鲜桃仁：Fresh Walnuts with Leek花生太湖银鱼：Taihu Silver Fish with Peanuts 生腌百合南瓜：Marinated Lily Bulbs and Pumpkin 酱鸭翅：Duck Wings Seasoned with Soy Sauce萝卜苗：Turnip Sprouts八宝菠菜：Spinach with Eight Delicacies竹笋青豆：Bamboo Shoots and Green Beans凉拌苦瓜：Bitter Melon in Sauce芥末木耳：Black Fungus with Mustard Sauce炸花生米：Fried Peanuts小鱼花生：Fried Silver Fish with Peanuts德州扒鸡：Braised Chicken, Dezhou Style清蒸火腿鸡片：Steamed Sliced Chicken with Ham 熏马哈鱼：Smoked Salmon家常皮冻：Pork Skin Aspic大拉皮：Tossed Mung Clear Noodles in Sauce蒜泥白肉：Pork with Garlic Sauce鱼露白肉：Boiled Pork in Anchovy Sauce酱猪肘：Pork Hock Seasoned with Soy Sauce酱牛肉：Beef Seasoned with Soy Sauce红油牛筋：Beef Tendon in Chili Sauce卤牛腩：Marinated Beef Brisket in Spiced Sauce泡椒鸭丝：Shredded Duck with Pickled Peppers拌茄泥：Mashed Eggplant with Garlic糖拌西红柿：Tomato Slices with Sugar糖蒜：Sweet Garlic腌雪里蕻：Pickled Potherb Mustard凉拌黄瓜：Cucumber in Sauce燕窝类 Bird's Nest Soup冰花炖官燕：Braised Bird's Nest with Rock Candy冰糖银耳燕窝：Braised Bird's Nest with White Fungus and Rock Candy高汤炖官燕：Stewed Bird's Nest红胶官燕：Braised Bird's Nest and Seaweed红烧鹿茸血燕：Braised Bird's Nest with Deer Antler红烧蟹黄官燕：Braised Bird's Nest with Crab Roe红烧血燕：Braised Red Bird's Nest木瓜炖官燕：Braised Bird's Nest with Papaya腿汁红烧官燕：Braised Bird's Nest in Ham Sauce杏汁炖官燕：Double-Boiled Superior Bird's Nest with Almond Juice冰花炖血燕：Stewed Red Bird's Nest with Rock Candy香橙炖官燕：Braised Bird's Nest in Orange Sauce雪梨官燕：Braised Bird's Nest with Snow Pear椰汁冰花炖官燕：Stewed Superior Bird's Nest with White Fungus and Coconut Milk鱼籽蟹肉烩燕窝：Braised Bird's Nest with Crab Meat and Fish Roe福寿炖燕窝：Braised Bird's Nest一品燕窝：Best Quality Bird's Nest Soup王府清汤官燕：Bird's Nest Soup冰花芙蓉官燕：Stewed Bird's Nest with Egg White煲类 Casserole白果煲老鸭：Duck Soup with Gingko en Casserole鲍鱼海珍煲：Braised Abalone and Seafood en Casserole鲫鱼黄花煲：Crucian Carp and Day Lily en Casserole锅仔潮菜银鳕鱼：Stewed Codfish with Salted Vegetables, Chao Zhou Style锅仔潮式凉瓜猪肚：Stewed Pork Tripe with Bitter Melon, Chaozhou Style锅仔鸡汤菌：Stewed Mushrooms in Chicken Soup锅仔药膳乌鸡：Stewed Black-Boned Chicken with Chinese Herbs锅仔鱼肚浸围虾：Stewed Fish Maw with Shrimps海鲜日本豆腐煲：Braised Seafood with Japanese Tofu凉瓜排骨煲：Braised Pork Ribs with Bitter Melon南乳粗斋煲：Braised Assorted Vegetables with Marinated Tofu 浓汤沙锅三鲜：Soup of Sea Cucumber, Shrimps and Ham南瓜芋头煲：Stewed Taro with Pumpkin en Casserole沙茶鱼头煲：Braised Fish Head in Satay Sauce砂锅白菜粉丝：Chinese Cabbage and Vermicelli in Pottery Pot 砂锅鱼头豆腐：Stewed Fish Head with Tofu in Pottery Pot海鲜砂锅：Stewed Seafood in Pottery Pot鱼头砂锅：Stewed Fish Head in Pottery Pot腌鲜砂锅：Shanghai Specialty Casserole砂锅小排翅：Small Shark’s Fin in Pottery Pot砂锅鱼肚：Stewed Fish Maw in Pottery Pot砂锅海米豆腐：Stewed Tofu and Dried Shrimps in Pottery Pot 砂锅萝卜羊排：Stewed Lamb Chops and Turnip in Pottery Pot 砂锅三菇：Stewed Three Kinds of Mushrooms in Pottery Pot砂锅鸡肉丸子：Stewed Chicken Meat Balls in Pottery Pot北菇海参煲：Black Mushrooms and Sea Cucumbers en Casserole 鸡粒咸鱼茄子煲：Diced Chicken, Salted Fish and Eggplant en Casserole粉丝虾米杂菜煲：Vermicelli, Dried Shrimps and AssortedVegetables en Casserole东江豆腐煲：Dongjiang Tofu en Casserole八珍煲：Assorted Meat en Casserole柱侯牛腩煲：Braised Beef Brisket en Casserole虾米粉丝煲：Dried Shrimps and Vermicelli en Casserole咸鱼鸡豆腐煲：Salted Fish, Chicken and Tofu en Casserole 核桃肉煲牛肉汤：Beef Soup with Walnuts梅菜扣肉煲：Steamed Pork with Preserved Vegetable en Casserole 西餐 Western Food头盘及沙拉类 Appetizers, Starters and Salads腌熏三文鱼：Smoked Salmon凯撒沙拉：Caesar Salad鲜蘑鸡肝：Chicken Liver Terrine with Morel奶酪瓤蟹盖：Crab Shells Stuffed with Cheese鲜果海鲜沙拉：Seafood Salad with Fresh Fruit厨师沙拉：Chef's Salad金枪鱼沙拉：Tuna Salad尼斯沙拉：Salad Nicoise汤类 Soups奶油蘑菇汤：Cream of Mushroom Soup奶油胡萝卜汤：Cream of Carrot Soup奶油芦笋汤：Cream of Asparagus Soup墨西哥辣味牛肉汤：Mexican Chili Beef Soup番茄浓汤：Tomato Bisque Soup海鲜周打汤：Seafood Chowder法式洋葱汤：French Onion Soup牛肉清汤：Beef Consommé匈牙利浓汤：Hungarian Goulash香浓牛尾汤：Oxtail Soup意大利蔬菜汤：Minestrone Soup蔬菜干豆汤：Hearty Lentil Soup牛油梨冻汤：Chilled Avocado Soup西班牙番茄冻汤：Gazpacho中国酒Chinese Alcoholic Drinks黄酒类Yellow Wine8年香雕绍兴酒：Xiangdiao Shaoxing Medium Sweet (8 Years) 陈年彩坛花雕：Caitan Huadiao Medium Sweet5年香雕绍兴酒：Xiangdiao Shaoxing(5 Years) Medium Sweet 绍兴花雕10年：Shaoxing Huadiao(10 Years) Medium Sweet绍兴花雕20年：Shaoxing Huadiao (20 Years) Medium Sweet绍兴花雕及清酒：Shaoxing Huadiao and Sake Medium Sweet三十年花雕：Huadiao Shaoxing (30 Years) Medium Sweet绍兴加饭：Shaoxing Jiafan Medium Dry女儿红12年：Nu'er Hong (12 Years)女儿红18年：Nu'er Hong (18 Years)古越龙山：Guyue Longshan青瓷五年：Qingci Huadiao(5 Years) Medium Sweet白酒类Liquor北京醇：Beijing Chun二锅头：Erguotou(Superior 500ml 56°)精装二锅头 52度：Red Star Erguotou (500ml 52°)古钟二锅头：Guzhong Erguotou(500ml 46°)蓝花珍品二锅头：Lanhua Zhenpin Erguotou红星珍品二锅头(500毫升52度) ：Red Star Zhenpin Erguotou (500ml 52°)牛栏山经典二锅头(500毫升52度) ：Niulanshan Jingdian Erguotou (500ml 52°)青瓷珍品二锅头：Qingci Zhengpin Erguotou（500ml 46°）京酒 38度：Jing Jiu(500ml 38°)三品京酒(500毫升38度) ：Sanpin Jing Jiu (500ml 38°)三品京酒(500毫升52度) ：Sanpin Jing Jiu (500ml 52°)酒鬼 38度：Jiu Gui（500ml 38°）酒鬼 52度：Jiu Gui（500ml 52°）小酒鬼（250ml）：Xiao Jiu Gui（250ml 38°）国酿（贵州茅台系列）：Guo Niang (Moutai Liquor Series)茅台 38度：Moutai (500ml 38°)茅台 53度：Moutai (500ml 53°)茅台(三十年) ：Moutai (30 years）茅台(十五年) ：Moutai (15 years)贵州醇：Guizhou Chun国窖 38度：Guo Jiao (500ml 38°)国窖 52度：Guo Jiao (500ml 52°)国窖1573 ：Guo Jiao 1573 (The First Cellar in China)泸州老窖 38度：Luzhou Lao Jiao（38°）泸州老窖 52度：Luzhou Lao Jiao（52°）康雍乾御冠酒(400毫升50度) ：Kang Yong Qian Imperial Crown (400ml 50°)康雍乾御酒(450毫升50度) ：Kang Yong Qian (450ml 50°)剑南春 38度：Jiannanchun （38°）剑南春 52度：Jiannanchun（52°）蒙古王 44度：Mongolian King（44°）三星金六福（高、低）：Jinliufu Three-Star (High/Low)三星金六福（三两）：Jinliufu（150ml）五星金六福（高、低）：Jinliufu Five-Star (High, Low)金六福（五星）52度：Jinliufu (Five-Star) (52°)水井坊 39度：Shuijingfang (39°)水井坊 52度：Shuijingfang (52°)水井坊 53度：Shuijingfang (53°)五粮液 39度：Wuliangye (39°)五粮液 52度：Wuliangye (52°)五粮液一帆风顺 52度：Wuliangye Liquor Yi Fan Feng Shun (52°)--Symbolizing Plain Sailing小糊涂仙 52度：Xiaohutuxian (52°)小角楼：Xiaojiaolou啤酒Beer青岛啤酒：Tsing Tao Beer青岛扎啤/青岛生啤：Tsing Tao Draught燕京啤酒：Yanjing Beer燕京生啤 0.3升：Yanjing Draught (0.3L)燕京无醇啤酒：Yanjing Alcohol-Free燕京扎啤：Yanjing Draught雪花啤酒：Snow Beer北京生啤：Beijing Draught Beer哈尔滨啤酒：Harbin Beer百威啤酒：Budweiser嘉士伯啤酒：Carlsberg喜力：Heineken朝日啤酒：Asahi Beer老虎啤酒：Tiger蓝带啤酒：Blue Ribbon葡萄酒Wine92年长城干红葡萄酒：Great Wall Red Wine (Year 1992)92年张裕卡斯特干红：Changyu Castel (Year 1992)95年张裕卡斯特干红：Changyu Castel (Year 1995)张裕解百纳干红葡萄酒：Changyu Cavernet张裕香槟：Changyu Sparkling Cider长城1995（长城红葡萄酒，中国）：Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon (Year 1995)长城2002（长城红葡萄酒，中国）：Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon (Year 2002)长城A区（长城红葡萄酒，中国）：Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon 华夏95年长城：Great Wall Vintage Red Wine (Year 1995)华夏长城赤霞珠：Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine华夏长城葡萄园A区：Great Wall Region A Red Wine华夏长城莎当妮：Great Wall Chardonnay White Wine华夏长城特选：Great Wall Selection Red Wine沙城长城干红三星：Great Wall Dry Red (Three-Star)沙城长城干红四星：Great Wall Dry Red (Four-Star)沙城长城干红五星：Great Wall Dry Red (Five-Star)沙城长城干红一星：Great Wall Dry Red (One-Star)雷司令（龙徽，中国）：Dragon Seal Riesling龙徽赤霞珠：Dragon Seal Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine龙徽干白：Dragon Seal Dry White龙徽干白葡萄酒：Dragon Seal Dry White龙徽干红葡萄酒：Dragon Seal Dry Red龙徽怀来珍藏：Dragon Seal Huailai Reserve龙徽怀来珍藏干红葡萄酒：Dragon Seal Huailai Dry Red Reserve 龙徽汽酒：Dragon Seal Sparkling Wine龙徽莎当妮：Dragon Seal Chardonnay White Wine龙徽庄园：Dragon Seal Cru de Red Wine龙徽庄园干红葡萄酒：Dragon Seal Cru de Dry Red西夏王冰白：Xixia King Ice Wine西夏王干红：Xixia King Dry Red西夏王世纪：Xixia King Red Wine总统特选南澳设拉子干红：President's Selection Shiraz Dry Red 总统特选南澳莎当妮干白：President's Selection Chardonnay Dry White。
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leeks 绿豆芽
bean sprouts 豆腐
麻油 sesame oil 蚝油oyster sauce 胡椒 pepper
bean curd / Tofu 羊肉
辣椒粉 red chilly powder
mutton
4. Ways of Translating Chinese Dishes
直译法 (1) 烹调法+主料 爆虾：quick-fried shrimps 煨牛肉：simmered beef 涮羊肉：instant boilded mutton 炒腰片：fried sliced pig’s kidney 清蒸鳜鱼/桂鱼：steamed Mandarin fish
(2) 烹调法+主菜名+with+配料名 炖栗子鸡：stewed chicken with chestnuts 干烧明虾：fried prawns with pepper sauce 奶油鱼肚：fried fish maw with cream sauce 笋菇鸡丁：fried chicken cubes with bamboo
scalding
3. Terms of Materials and
大蒜
garlic 生姜
ginger 葱
spring onions 大葱
Ingredients
味精 Monosidum glutamate 花椒Chinese red pepper 酱油 soy sauce 醋 vinegar 淀粉 cornstarch
意译法 （舍形取意） 龙凤会：stewed snake and chicken 全家福：stewed assorted meats /
hotchpotch 游龙戏凤：stir-fried prawns and chicken
直译+注释 （1）地名/人名+食材/烹饪方法 东坡肉：Dongpo braised pork 北京烤鸭：Beijing roast duck 西湖醋鱼：West Lake vinegar fish 宫保鸡丁：Kungbao Chicken / fried diced
1. Terms for Cutting Food
切、削：cutting 切片：slicing 切丝：shredding 切碎：mincing 切丁：dicing 切柳：filleting 去骨：boning 去皮：skinning 刮鳞：scaling
2. Terms of Cooking
Lecture 5
On Translation of Chinese Dishes
Preparatory Steps for C-E Translation of Chinese Dishes
1. Terms of Cutting 2. Terms of Cooking 3. Terms of Materials
chicken in Sichuan style 东江酿豆腐：bean curd stuffed with minced
p 译名+注释 佛跳墙：Fotiaoqiang / Monk Jumping Over
the Wall (assorted meat and vegetables cooked in embers) 叫花鸡：beggar's chicken (baked mudcoated chicken)
shoots and mushrooms 素什锦炒豆腐：braised bean curd with mixed
vegetables 腐乳汁烧肉：stewed pork with fermented /
preserved bean curd 冬笋炒鱿鱼：fried squid with fresh bamboo shoots
炒： stir-frying 煎： pan-frying 爆： quick-frying 炸： deep-frying 熏： smoking
烧：
braising 煮：
boiling 蒸：
steaming 炖/煨/焖： stewing/simmering 烤/烘： roasting/grilling/baking 白灼：