必修四Unit2语法Grammar V-ing做主语和宾语

可接动名词作宾语的常见动词口诀： 避免错过少延期 (avoid, miss, postpone) 建议完成多练习 (advise, finish, practise) 喜欢想象禁不住 (enjoy, imagine, can’t help) 承认否定与嫉妒 (admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅 (escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意 (stand, keep, mind)
3. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little tosuhbijmec.t
4. However, he doesn’t care about being
famous.
object
一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如：
这种事开不得玩笑。
There was no knowing when he would leave.
无法知道他什么时候离开
There is no point in doing so.
那样做毫无意义。
【注意】 动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：
动词ing形式作主语表示泛指的行为，不定式 作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。作宾 语时的情况也是如此。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。
_表__语__ 定__语___ _补__语__ _状__语__
注意： 1、 动名词作主语表单数概念,谓语动词用 单数形式。
Walking after supper is good for your health. 2、 动名词的复合结构作主语 动名词的复合结构是指物主代词、名词所 有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其 逻辑上的谓语。
1）Walking is a good form of exercise for both
young and old. 2）Watching news on TV has become a routine
for me. 3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about
• There is/was no point (in) doing 做……无意义 • There is/was no way doing 无法做------
注意：There is no need to do sth 在此句式中to do 不可换为doing
干…g about such matter.
(泛指) Be careful！To play with fire will be dangerous. 小心点！玩火会带来危险。(指一具体动作)
二、动名词用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。 1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, enjoy， deny(否定), dislike, delay(延期), escape(逃避), excuse, keep, finish, fancy(梦想), suggest, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk(冒险),
no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless, useful等 如: It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。
16 hours. 4）Asking a woman’s age is impolite in our
country.
动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. __P_l_a_y_in_g__t_ri_c_k_s_o_n__o_t_h_e_rs_ is something we
Your coming made us happy.
Your father’s cooking is very good.
指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。
• Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 主语
• He enjoys listening to violin music. 宾语 • China is a developing country. 定语
1) 做出努力是值得的。
It’s worth making the effort．
2) 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
___It_i_s_u_s_e_l_e_s_s_t_r_y_in_g__to__a_r_g_u_e____ with Shylock．
3) 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 _____It_i_s_a__p_le_a_s_u_r_e_w__o_rk_i_n_g__w_i_th__y_o_u_．_______ 4)玩电子游戏是浪费时间。 It's a waste of time p_l_a_y_in_g__c_o_m__p_u_te_r__g_a_m_e_s. .
1. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice
has been his life goal.
subject
2. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing
mah-jong, swimming and reading. object
一般式 在时间上表示一个正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生或
：
存在的动作和状态
完成式 在时间上表示该动作先于谓语动词的动作或状态 ：
The Use of the –ing Form
V-ing 在句子中作 主语、宾语、表语 、定语、补语、状语。
主语
宾语 动名词(the Gerund) 表语
V-ing
定语
现在分词(the Present Participle)
(受不了)等。
2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。 A. 在 like, love, hate, prefer等动词之后， 用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 只是侧重 点有些不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 B. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和 不定式, 意义无甚区别, 尤其是当主语是人的 时候。
remember doing sth记得做了某事

remember
to
do
sth记住要去做某事
forget doing sth忘记做了某事
归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： • It +be +a waste of time doing
做……是浪费时间的
• It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的
• It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得
• It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的
Grammar
The –ing form as the Subject and Object
V-ing 的各种形式：（以动词do为例）
时态 一 般 式
语态
主动
doing
完成式 having done
被 动 being done having been done
否定式 not doing Excuse me for my not coming on time. I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
should never do． 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
__L_e_a_r_n_in_g__n_e_w__w_o_r_d_s_ is very important for me． 3)说比做容易。___S_a_y_in_g___ is easier than doing.
2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it 作形式主语, 用形容词或名词作表语。 常见的名词或名词短语有:
C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后, 用 动名词与不定式意义不同。 -ing 表示动作已经发生, -to do 表示动作还没发生； I remember posting the letter． I’ll remember to post the letter． I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． Don’t forget to write to your mother． I regret missing the report． I regret to say I can’t take your advice．
• The music is exciting. 表语 宾语补足语 • We heard her singing in her room. • Being ill, she went back home. 状语
Read the sentences from the reading passage.
(2)英语中有一些动词短语也常跟v.ing形式作宾语, 如:insist on(坚持)，object to(反对)，be good at， lead to，leave off(停止)，put off，give up， look forward to，feel like(想要)，devote to (把……奉献给)，get used to(习惯于)，pay attention to，cannot help(禁不住), cannot stand