管理会计案例培训教材英文版
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管理会计案例教材英文版
Standard
This variance is unfavorable because the actual cost
exceeds the standard cost.
Product Cost
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
A General Model for Variance Analysis
Actual Quantity ×
Actual Price
Actual Quantity ×
Standard Price
Standards vs. Budgets
Are standards the same as budgets?
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
A standard is the expected cost for one
unit. A budget is the expected cost for all
Variance Analysis Cycle
Identify questions
Receive explanations
Take corrective
actions
Analyze variances
Begin
Prepare standard cost performance
report
Conduct next period’s
Inputs
A
Standard Quantity or Hours
管理会计英语英文版2ppt课件
Thus, the change in owners’ equity is explained by net income, owner contributions, and owner withdrawals. Because owners’ equity must equal assets minus liabilities (net assets), the changes in one side of the equation must equal the changes in the other side. Therefore, changes in net income, owner contributions, and owner withdrawals also explain changes in net assets.
depreciation expense per year=
(Cost - Salvage value) Useful life in years
Balance Sheet
As you know, the balance sheet reports assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity at a moment in time. The income statement summarizes revenue and expense transactions that occur during a period of time. Since revenue and expense transactions affect
There are several commonly used methods: straight-line, units-of-production , sum-of-theyears’ digits and declining-balance.
depreciation expense per year=
(Cost - Salvage value) Useful life in years
Balance Sheet
As you know, the balance sheet reports assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity at a moment in time. The income statement summarizes revenue and expense transactions that occur during a period of time. Since revenue and expense transactions affect
There are several commonly used methods: straight-line, units-of-production , sum-of-theyears’ digits and declining-balance.
管理会计英文版Cost-Volume-ProfitRelationships
$80,000 $200,000
= 40%
Each $1.00 increase in sales results in a total contribution margin increase of 40¢.
Contribution Margin Ratio
Or, in terms of units, the contribution margin ratio is:
Quick Check ✓
Coffee Klatch is an espresso stand in a downtown office building. The average selling price of a cup of coffee is $1.49 and the average variable expense per cup is $0.36. The average fixed expense per month is $1,300. 2,100 cups are sold each month on average. What is the CM Ratio for Coffee Klatch?
300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000
100,000
50,000
-
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Units
Learning Objective 3
Use the contribution margin ratio (CM ratio) to
compute changes in contribution margin and
50,000 -
Total Expenses Fixed Expenses
Lesson 6 Inventory management 英文管理会计课件 Management Accounting
15
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
管理会计英语(英文版课件)1
Accounting-related Lenders Consultants Analysts Traders Managers Directors Underwriters Planners Appraisers
Financial Statements
Financial statements report on the financial performance and condition of an organization. There are four major financial statements Income Statement Balance Sheet Statement of Owner’s Equity Statement of Cash Flows
The system for recording debits and credits follows from the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Equity
Owner’s capital- Owner’s withdrawals+ RevenuesExpenses
Business Profit
Revenues: Amounts earned from selling products or services -Expenses: Costs incurred with revenues =Profit: Amounts earned from revenues less expenses incurred Loss occurs when expenses are more than revenues
管理会计英语课件04
• The controller wondered whether the company should continue to deemphasize the chocolate and vanilla products and keep introducing new specialty premium flavors • Ericson’s manufacturing manager commented on how the introduction of specialty flavors had changed the production environment
14,040 5,400 16,200 35,640
$ 6,210 14.8%
1,650 600 1,800 4,050
150,690 60,000 180,000 390,690
Gross Margin
$ 900 $ 61,110 18.2%oncern
$180,000
9,000 $ 4.65
$41,850
1,000 $ 4.95
$4,950
100,000
$451,800
Total Mfg. Expenses
75,000 30,000 90,000 195,000
$ 30,000 13.3%
60,000 24,000 72,000 156,000
$ 24,000 13.3%
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
• Ericson had been the low-cost producer of chocolate and vanilla ice cream, with profit margins exceeding 20% of sales • Several years ago Ericson expanded their business by extending their product line into products with premium selling prices
14,040 5,400 16,200 35,640
$ 6,210 14.8%
1,650 600 1,800 4,050
150,690 60,000 180,000 390,690
Gross Margin
$ 900 $ 61,110 18.2%oncern
$180,000
9,000 $ 4.65
$41,850
1,000 $ 4.95
$4,950
100,000
$451,800
Total Mfg. Expenses
75,000 30,000 90,000 195,000
$ 30,000 13.3%
60,000 24,000 72,000 156,000
$ 24,000 13.3%
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
• Ericson had been the low-cost producer of chocolate and vanilla ice cream, with profit margins exceeding 20% of sales • Several years ago Ericson expanded their business by extending their product line into products with premium selling prices
财务管理会计案例培训课件英文版(ppt 44)
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Shipping Costs
Overhead Costs
First-Stage Allocation
Order Size
$/MH
Customer Orders
Product Design
Customer Relations
Second-Stage Allocations
Overhead Costs at Classic Brass (Manufacturing and NonManufacturing)
Production Department
Indirect factory wages
$
Factory equipment depreciation
Factory utilities
How Costs are Treated Under Activity-Based Costing
Activity Based Costing
Departmental Overhead Rates
Plantwide Overhead
Rate
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Overhead Allocation
Identifying Activity to Include
Activity Cost Pool is a “bucket” in which costs are
accumulated that relate to a single activity in the ABC
system.
$$ $
$$$
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
chapter6管理会计英文版
2. The use of budgets to control an organization’s activity is known as budgetary control.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
9-9
Advantages of Self-Imposed Budgets
1. Individuals at all levels of the organization are viewed as members of the team whose judgments are valued by top management. 2. Budget estimates prepared by front-line managers are often more accurate than estimates prepared by top managers. 3. Motivation is generally higher when individuals participate in setting their own goals than when the goals are imposed from above. 4. A manager who is not able to meet a budget imposed from above can claim that it was unrealistic. Selfimposed budgets eliminate this excuse.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
9-9
Advantages of Self-Imposed Budgets
1. Individuals at all levels of the organization are viewed as members of the team whose judgments are valued by top management. 2. Budget estimates prepared by front-line managers are often more accurate than estimates prepared by top managers. 3. Motivation is generally higher when individuals participate in setting their own goals than when the goals are imposed from above. 4. A manager who is not able to meet a budget imposed from above can claim that it was unrealistic. Selfimposed budgets eliminate this excuse.
管理会计英文课件 (9)
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Some Additional Information Reduction in resale value of car per mile of wear Round-tip train fare Benefits of relaxing on train trip Cost of putting dog in kennel while gone Benefit of having car in New York Hassle of parking car in New York Per day cost of parking car in New York
Relevant Financial Cost of Driving
Gasoline (460 @ $0.100 per mile) Maintenance (460 @ $0.065 per mile) Reduction in resale (460 @ $0.026 per mile) Parking in New York (2 days @ $25 per day) Total $ 46.00 29.90 11.96 50.00 $ 137.86
12-6
Identifying Relevant Costs
Cynthia, a Boston student, is considering visiting her friend in New York. She can drive or take the train. By car, it is 230 miles to her friend’s apartment. She is trying to decide which alternative is less expensive and has gathered the following information:
财务管理会计案例教材英文版70
that are based on perfection, are
unattainable and discourage most
employees.
Human Resources Manager
Setting Direct Material Standards
Price Standards
Quantity Standards
First, they point to causes of
I see that there
problems and directions for improvement.
is an unfavorable variance.
Second, they trigger investigations in departments
rate.
The activity is the base used to calculate
the predetermined overhead.
Standard Cost Card – Variable A standard cPorsot dcaurcdtfioornoCneousntit of product
A standard is the expected cost for one
unit.
A budget is the expected cost for all
units.
A SstatnadanrddcaosrtdvarCianocse its Vtheaarmiaounntcbey swhich
But why are variances
having responsibility for incurring the costs.
unattainable and discourage most
employees.
Human Resources Manager
Setting Direct Material Standards
Price Standards
Quantity Standards
First, they point to causes of
I see that there
problems and directions for improvement.
is an unfavorable variance.
Second, they trigger investigations in departments
rate.
The activity is the base used to calculate
the predetermined overhead.
Standard Cost Card – Variable A standard cPorsot dcaurcdtfioornoCneousntit of product
A standard is the expected cost for one
unit.
A budget is the expected cost for all
units.
A SstatnadanrddcaosrtdvarCianocse its Vtheaarmiaounntcbey swhich
But why are variances
having responsibility for incurring the costs.