英国文学史及选读课件 3 Geoffrey Chaucer
3英国文学第三次课件
2. Features of renaissance
★ It is a reviving curiosity for the classical literature. -- admire the Greek and Latin works; ★ It is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.
English literature in the Renaissance Period
1.Poetry in the Renaissance period 1.1 Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542) He is the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.
3.3 Shakespeare‘s contemporary and successor
Ben Jonson (1572-1637) was a forerunner of classicism in English literature and the Poet Laureate of James I., he is chiefly remembered for his comedies Volpone, or the Fox, The Alchemist.
Key points:
★ Chaucer‘s
major works; ★ Understanding The General Prologue in his ―The Canterbury Tales‖; ★ Chaucer‘s contribution to the English literary; ★ Major writers and their works in Renaissance Period.
英国文学3
Part III Popular Ballads
ballad • • • • • • What is ballad? --narrative songs --preserved orally --rhymed --strophic (分节歌divided into stanzas) Bishop Thomas Percy: Reliques of Ancient English Poetry （古英诗拾遗》） 古英诗拾遗》
Background (42)
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 1388: peasants’ uprising Feudalism crumbling; Catholic on the wane. historical change Chaucer’s works reflected the changes.
WHEN that Aprilis, with his showers swoot*, *sweet The drought of March hath pierced to the root, And bathed every vein in such licour, Of which virtue engender'd is the flower; When Zephyrus eke with his swoote breath Inspired hath in every holt* and heath *grove, forest *twigs, boughs The tender croppes* and the younge sun Hath in the Ram his halfe course y-run, And smalle fowles make melody, That sleepen all the night with open eye, (So pricketh them nature in their corages*); *hearts, inclinations Then longe folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeke strange strands, To *ferne hallows couth* in sundry lands; *distant saints known And specially, from every shire's end Of Engleland, to Canterbury they wend, The holy blissful Martyr for to seek, That them hath holpen*, when that they were sick. *helped
Geoffrey Chaucer
Questions:
1. The Canterbury Tales was written in ________.
A. Old English B. Middle English C. Modern English D. Current Modern English
2. Pilgrims travel to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury in ________.
客房与马厩宽敞又洁净， 店主的招待周到而殷勤。 夕阳刚从地平线上消失， 众人同我已经相互结识； 大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床， 迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上。
可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就先把骑士说说。
3.1 Outline of The Canterbury Tales
Each is to tell two stories going and two returning. And the best story-teller shall be treated with a fine supper at storythe general expense at the end. It should be an immense work of 124 stories, but only 24 were written. Chaucer’s work consists of three parts
The Pardoner’s tale the Wife of Bath’s tale See handouts
Its Significance
3-Geoffrey Chaucer
2. The second period refers to the period of Italian influence (1372-1386), especially of Baccaccio (卜伽丘). His main works in this period are three longer poems, “The House of Fame” (声誉殿堂)， “Troilus and Criseyde” (特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德)，“The Legend of Good Women” (贞节妇女传
Chaucer and the Royal Family
• At 14, became a Page in the home of Prince Lionel and his wife Elizabeth • Made friends with Lionel’s younger brother John of Gaunt, who became his lifelong patron • Continued his education, and learned the ways of the Nobility
英国文学第三章
Chinese version of the first part
Q2: in your own words, summarize the character of knight from brief introduction in this excerpt.
Worthy man: Loved the following: Chivalry; Truth; openhandedness; courtesy. Honored for his worthy.
Chaucer’ Chaucer’s literary career
3.the period of his maturity (1386-1400) (1386The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》 坎特伯雷故事集》
Chaucer’ Chaucer’s contribution to English Literature and Language
The Canterbury Tales
The function of the Prologue to The
Canterbury Tales An Excerpt of the Prologue
Geoffrey Chaucer’s Life Chaucer’
Chaucer’ Chaucer’s Life Son of a wine merchant; page – way of court; army – prisoner in France; Diplomatic position in France and Italy; Other positions.
英国文学史及选读Part III Geoffrey Chaucer.PPT
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I. Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – October 25, 1400) was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat courtier (朝臣), and diplomat. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative (框架叙事;框架叙述) The Canterbury Tales.
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Three periods of Chaucer's literary activity → Italian Period
Major works of the second period include The House of Fame, recounting the adventures of Aeneas after the fall of Troy; The Parliament of Fowls, which tells of the mating of fowls on St. Valentine's Day and is thought to celebrate the betrothal of Richard II to Anne of Bohemia; and a prose translation of Boethius ‘(波埃修斯) De consolatione philosophiae (《哲学的慰藉》).
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Three periods of Chaucer's literary activity → Italian Period
【答案】英国文学史及选读 unite3课后习题答案.docx
Unit three1.______Geoffrey Chaucer______ , the ' father of English poetry' and one of thegreatest narrative poets of England was born in London about 1340.2.Chaucer died on the 25th of october 1400, and was buried in _WestminsterAbbey_____A. ItalyB. FranceC. FlandersD. Westminster Abbey3.Chaucer's earliest work of any length is his _A_____, a translation of the French "Roman de la Rose" by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. Romance of the RoseB. A Red, Red RoseC. Piers the PlowmanD.Troilus and Criseyde4.The Canterbury Tales contains in fact a general Prologue and only _24____ tales,of which two are left unfinished.5.The _Prologue_____ provides a framework for the tales in " The CanterburyTales" , and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures. 6.Geoffrey Chaucer's contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that heintroduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter ( to be called later the:"_heroic_____ couplet") to English peotry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verseA. exoticB. esotericC. heroic7."The Canterbury Tales" opens with a genaral prologue where we are told of acompany of pilgrims that gathered at__Tarbard____Inn in Southwark , a suburb of London.8. What is the function of the Prologue to the The Canterbury Tales?The General Prologue is the key to The Canterbury tales that narr ates about the gathering of a group of people in an inn that intend t o go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury (England) next morning. In the Gen eral Prologue, the narrator of The Canterbury Tales, who is one of th e intended pilgrims, provides more or less accurate depictions of the members of the group and describes why and how The Canterbury Tales is told.If we trust the General Prologue, Chaucer determined that each pi lgrim should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two tales on the way back. The host of the inn offers to be and is appointed as j udge of the tales as they are told and is supposed to determine the b est hence winning tale. As mentioned before, The Canterbury Tales was never finished.The General Prologue is usually regarded as the greatest portrait gallery in English literature. It is largely composed of a series of sketches differing widely in length and method, and blending the ind ividual and the typical in varying degrees.The purpose of the General Prologue is not only to present a vivi d collection of character sketches, but also tries to reveal the auth or‘s intention in bringing together a great variety of people and na rrative materials (Ranging in status from a Knight to a humble Plowma n, the pilgrims are a microcosm of 14th-century English society) to u nite the diversity of the tales by allotting them to a diversity of t ellers engaged in a common endeavor, to set the tone for the story-te lling -- one of jollity which accords with the tone of the whole work: that of grateful acceptance of life killing the time in a joyful way, secular purpose of the pilgrim; to make clear the plan for the tales, to motivate the telling of several of tales and to introduce the pil grims and the time and occasion of the pilgrimage.9. What is Chaucer's contribution to English language?Geoffrey Chaucer,the first great write in English, was born in London in about 1340, he is called the father of English literature by many scholars. Chaucer’s literary career may be devided roughly into three periods.The period of French influence, the period of Italian influence, the period of maturity.And it was the third period that Chaucer wrote his famous work---The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer played an important role in the development of English literature. Chaucer is the father of English poetry, and he presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, it is the first time in Englishliterature. Chaucer is also considered as a great master of the English language. When Chaucer was born, French and Lantin were the most powerful ntin was used in the Church and French was the language of the royal court, English, although it was used every day by the majority of the people ,was a second-class language.Chaucer realised the importance of creating literature in the vernacular, in the languate of the people. He decided to make theeveryday English of south-east England and London the language of literature ,Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of English as a literary language and extended the range of its poetic vocabulary and meters. Besides, Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse. In a word, what Chauceer had done makes a big difference to English literature.。
英国文学史及作品选读 Chapter 3
2. The two contemporaries of Chaucer:
John Wycliff: The “Father of English prose”. He translated the Bible into Middle English. William Langland: The Vision of Piers Plowman. An allegory.
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Notes (1)
prioress: (Madam Eglantyne) A nun in charge of a priory or ranking next below the abbess of an abbey. 小女隐修院院长或大女隐修院副院长 parson: An Anglican cleric with full legal control of a parish under ecclesiastical law; a rector. 教区牧师英国英车圣公会牧师，在基督教法律 下拥有对一个教区的完全的法律控制权；教区 长
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3. Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400)
Life: Born urban middle class； In the service of the ruling class； The diplomatic mission that sent Chaucer to Italy in 1372 was a milestone in his literary development. He had direct contact with the Italian Renaissance. Perhaps he acquired manuscripts of works by Dante, Petriarch, and Boccaccio.
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iambic pentameters an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.
The heroic couplet
The origin of this form in English poetry is unknown, but Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th
century was the first to make extensive广泛的 use of it. The heroic couplet became the principal meter used in drama about the mid-17th century, and the form was perfected by John Dryden and Alexander Pope…
Features: 1). a story told in song; 2). usually in 4-line stanzas(诗)节，段 with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.
Popular ballads are songs and ballads which were widespread among the populace民众，老百姓 of England and Scotland and created and preserved by the people.
6. Chaucer displays his humor and irony as he condemns the vicious邪恶的; 堕落的;恶意的;恶毒的 characters.
III. Close reading of the part ―General Prologue开场白，序幕 ‖
I. Geoffrey Chaucer
— ―the father of English poetry‖
1. Life:
born in a rich wine-merchant酒商 ’s family with a high social position studied at Oxford and Cambridge
2. Types:
Historical Legendary Fantastical Lyrical Humorous
Ballads
3. Robin Hood Ballads Robin Hood Ballads: the ballads which reflect Robin Hood’s feats.
died on the 25th of Oct. 1400 and was the first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey 斯敏斯特(西敏寺)大教堂 .
2. Chaucer’s representative works:
III. Close reading of the part ―General Prologue‖
2. Summary: see textbook
3. Analysis of some parts of it:
IV. Popular Ballads:
1. Definition:
Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission传染,传播 .
1. Its significance:
A. the most important part of the whole poem B. it is a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life
C. it is a splendid显著的;杰出的 masterpiece杰作 of realistic portrayal描绘 , the first of its kind in the history of English literature
Robin Hood： is a Saxon by birth, an outlaw, a robber but he robbed only the rich and never molested干扰 the poor and the needy贫穷的, 贫困的 .
4. After-class reading: ―Get Up and Bar the Door‖
Part 3 Geoffrey Chaucer
（1340-1400）
Today’s targets
I. Geoffrey Chaucer
II. The Canterbury Tales
III. Close reading of ―General Prologue序曲 ‖ IV. Popular Ballads歌谣
2. contains 24 stories
3. in the work, Chaucer created a strikingly显著 地;显目地;突出地 brilliant and picturesque美丽如画的；(语言)生 动的，绘声绘色的 panorama全貌;概述 of his time and his country, and it’s a comprehensive picture of the social reality of the poet’s day.
b. Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language. He was a great master of the English language and in his hand the London dialect of his day was
a couplet对句;双韵 of rhyming iambic pentameters抑扬五音步 often forming a distinct rhetorical as well as metrical韵律的 unit. (A couplet is two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.) iambic[诗]短长格, 抑扬格, 抑扬格诗 pentameters五音步诗行;五音步之诗
4. It contains rather keen social criticism and explores the moral degradation降低,恶化, 堕落 of the members of religious profession职业 and consuming passion for money in the feudal – bourgeois追求物质享 受的(人)；中产阶级分子 society of Chaucer’s day.
1386 -- 1400: The Canterbury Tales (《坎特伯雷故事集》)
3. Chaucer’s achievements:
a. Chaucer chose the metrical form (格律 形式) which laid the foundation of the English verse.
5. The heroic couplet (英雄双行体) was employed in the poem with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.
Байду номын сангаас
The heroic couplet
in 1386, he was elected as member of Parliament but then dismissed开除 because of his enemies’ Intrigues阴谋, 诡 计 .
in 1389 he was appointed clerk文员文书 of the King’s works and the new king Henry IV granted授予，同意，准予 him a pension退休金;养老金;抚恤金 .
crystallized使成形;使具体化 into an effective weapon for satire and humor and for poetry.
II. The Canterbury Tales
Introduction
1. written in the years between 1387 -1400
1360s-1372: Romance of the Roses --- a translation of the work of French writer
1372- 1386: The House of Fame --《名誉堂》 Troylus and Criseyde --《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》 The Legend of Good women -- 《良妇传说》 The Parliament of Fowls-- 《百鸟堂》
in 1357 served as a count page
in 1357 in English army fighting in France
in 1367 entered the service of King Edward III and became an ambassador大使，使节 , and his visiting of European countries, esp. Italy brought him with the new tendency趋向， 趋势 of the Renaissance in Italian literature.