话题语言应用——肢体语言及非语言交际(知识梳理)

话题语言应用——肢体语言及非语言交际语言积累交际用语1. Do not，for one repulse，give up the purpose that you resolved to effect. (William Shakespeare，British dramatist)不要只因一次失败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。

(英国剧作家莎士比亚.W.)2. If winter comes，can spring be far behind? (P. B. Shelley，British poet)冬天来了，春天还会远吗？(英国诗人，雪莱. P. B.)3. Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. Alexander Dumas (Davy de La Pailleterie，French Writer)生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。

(法国作家大仲马. A.)4. The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds. (Mark Twain，American writer) 具有新想法的人在其想法实现之前是个怪人。

(美国作家马克·吐温)5. Man errs so long as he strives. (Johan Wolfgang Goethe，German poet and dramatist)人只要奋斗就会犯错误。

(德国诗人、剧作家歌德. J. W.)6. Patience is bitter，but its fruit is sweet. (Jean Jacques Rousseau，French thinker)忍耐是痛苦的，但它的果实是甜蜜的。

(法国思想家卢梭. J. J.)7. I succeeded because I willed it；I never hesitated. (Bonaparte Napoleon，French emperor) 我成功是因为我有决心，从不踌躇。

(法国皇帝拿破仑. B .)8. Success covers a multitude of blunders. (George Bernard Shaw，British Dramatist)成功由大量的失望铸就。

(英国剧作家肖伯纳. G.)9. A light heart lives long. (William Shakespeare，British dramatist)豁达者长寿。

(英国剧作家莎士比亚. W.)10. All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend. (Voltaire，French thinker)人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。

(法国思想家伏尔泰)话题词句（一）与肢体有关的短语shrug one’s shoulders 耸肩pull a long face 板起面孔turn one’s deaf ear to 对……充耳不闻all ears 全神贯注地听all eyes 聚精会神地看black eye 受伤后的黑眼圈private eye 私人侦探poker face 不动声色sad face 愁容motor mouth 没完没了的说话loose lips 说话很随便straight face 绷着脸smooth face 讨好的面孔big mouth爱说闲话者sweet tooth 爱吃甜食的人free hand 全权处理old hand 内行all skins and bones 瘦得皮包骨all thumbs 笨手笨脚cold shoulder 冷漠green hand 没有经验的人brain trust 智囊团join hands 携手tell noses 清点人数make eyes 暗送秋波change hands 易手话题词句（二）常用肢体语言Facial expressions:frown皱眉wink眨眼stare/glare at瞪眼squint眯眼eye contact目光接触raise one’s eyebrows抬起眉毛sniffle (鼻)呼哧吸气grin咧嘴笑pout撅嘴，绷脸yawn打哈欠stick out one’s tongue吐舌头gnash咬牙切齿face to face面对面make a face做鬼脸Head movementsshake one’s head摇头nod one’s head点头hold up one’s head昂头turn one’s head away扭头pat one’s head拍头speak to each other’s ears交头接耳Hand and foot movementspalm up/down掌心向上/下thumb up竖大拇指tweak one’s ears and scratch one’s cheeks抓耳挠腮stretch out one’s hands伸手shake hands握手wave one’s hands挥手tiptoe踮脚applaud鼓掌hand in hand手拉手cross one’s fingers十指交叉stamp顿足Arm and leg movementsstr etch one’s arms伸开双臂arm in arm挽着手臂with arms akimbo双手叉腰fold one’s arms双臂合抱hold sb. in one’s arms怀抱sit cross-legged盘腿sit with legs crossed跷二郎腿lift one’s leg(s) 抬腿kick one’s leg(s) 蹬腿Body movementsshoulder to shoulder肩并肩stretch oneself 伸懒腰sway扭动grovel匍匐huddle蜷缩bow鞠躬squat on the heels蹲下stand upside down倒立shudder发抖snuggle依偎hug拥抱hop单脚跳sit up straight端坐kneel/get down on one’s knees下跪话题词句（三）最常见的肢体语言及背后的暗示Communication can be fascinating. For most，the exchange ofinformation begins and ends with words. However，there are a lot ofother factors to consider. The tone of voice that a phrase is said in cancompletely change the meaning of the phrase. It can turn insults(侮辱)into jokes and jokes into insults. Another way to tell the trueintentions of what someone is saying or doing is to look for bodylanguage indicators.Body language is an interesting concept. The human bodymakes a lot of unconscious motions depending on the situation. Sometimes，the body language indicators are blatant(公开的) and obvious. If you see someonecrying，chances are they’re upset about something. Other times，body language indicators aren’t so obvious. For instance，you may completely miss someone rolling their eyes at you in derision if they aren’t facing you.There are so many ways to interpret body language and many，many more body language indicators. Below，we’ll show you 20 of the most popular indicators. These can be important in almost any communication setting(背景)，whether it’s business，relationships，or even meeting someone new.1. How close are they?Physical proximity(接近) is a frequently used body language indicator that many people don’t notice. If someone is comfortable with you，they wo n’t mind sitting or standing near you. So an interesting way to see if someone actually thinks you’re okay is to go brush shoulders with them. If they back away，you have your answer!2. Downcast (向下的) eyesWe’ll be mentioning a lot of head and eye body language indicators because those are among the most popular and most recognizable(可识别的). One that has been a trend，especially with younger people，is downcast eyes. You’ve seen this，I’ve seen this，and everyone else has too. When someone is unhappy and they try to hide it by，say，smiling，they may betray(泄露) their ruse (计策) by looking downward. This can also be a sign of being uncomfortable or feeling shameful.3. Restless(不安的，好动的) handsHave you ever seen someone drumming on a desk or a chair with their fingers? What about people playing drums on their legs? This can be a sign of impatience，restlessness，and even sometimes anger. If you’re lecturing your kids and they’re drumming their fingers on the table，chances are you may not really be getting through to them. When you’re speaking with someone and they’re doing this，it’s time to switch tactics(策略).4. Restless legsThis is almost exactly the same as restless hands，except it’s the legs. People may cross and uncross their legs over and over again，tap their foot，or even tap their heels. Have you ever seen someone pacing? Restless legs: they’re everywhere! Sometimes，people may have restless legs because of restless leg syndrome，and it may not be associated with a feeling. Or they may have to pee really badly.5. Hands on the hipsIf someone has their hands on their hips，it shows they have lost all patience. They are likely also very mad. If you walk up to a boss at work or your significant other and they’re stan ding with their hands on their hips，you are in big trouble.6. Cocking(朝上) one’s head has more than one meaningGenerally，when someone cocks their head，people take that body language to mean confusion. This is not always the case. In areas where violence is prevalent，such as prison or UFC fights，people will get into each others’ faces and cock their heads as a challenge.7. Holding your hands behind your backOf all the body language indicators on this list，this one is the most ambiguous. People hold their hands behind their backs for a number of reasons. Watch any mafia (黑社会) movie and you’ll see the Don holding his hands behind his back as a sign of power. People in the military are taught to do it as a sign of respect. Sometimes，people will even do it to be cute. Usually，whenthis occurs，you must rely on other indicators to determine the emotion being displayed. It is still quite popular.8. Hands balled into fistsThis is another really popular indicator. This one has pretty much onesingle meaning. People do it when they’re frustrated and angry. This isusually a precursor to violence，as balled up firsts often results in somethinggetting punched or hit. If you are speaking with someone and their hands areballed up in fists，things could go very wrong very quickly.9. TouchingThis body language has a universal meaning but can be vastly different.When someone is touching you in a non-violent manner，it’s almostuniversally understood that they’re comfortable around y ou. However，it canmanifest in different ways. Your boss may pat you on the shoulder. Yourboyfriend or girlfriend may lay their head on your shoulder. If someone is touching you，it shows that they are comfortable with you.10. Arms crossed!People often misconstrue what crossing arms actually means. People think it means that someone is angry. In fact，it’s actually used as a defensive stance. People who have their arms crossed are unconsciously defending themselves. They may not want to talk anymore or they may be hiding something they don’t want to talk about. But crossing the arms means a person is trying to comfort themselves，meaning they’re uncomfortable.11. Look up for joyWhen an athlete wins a match，scores a point，or does something great，what is the first thing they do? Usually，it’s look straight up. This is a sign of joy，happiness，and relief. It’s true that people can look upward when they’re frustrated，but there are often other indicators that happen before that to show they are frustrated.12. Surprise!This one is pretty obvious but we are talkingabout popular body language indicators. Whensomeone widens their eyes or raises their eyebrows，they’re most often surprised or shocked atsomething. There really aren’t any other reasonswhy someone widens their eyes. So this one is notonly really popular，but really obvious and easyto spot!13. Looking around for something better to doPeople can express boredom in a lot of ways. Many times they aren’t trying to but it just kind of slips out in various ways. One such way is looking around when they’re bored. If you’re talking to someone and they keep looking around，they’re looking for something else to do besides talk to you. This is almost always a bad sign，especially when you’re out talking to someone at the bar or，even worse，when you’re in a board meeting at the office and the people in the room are doing it.Do note that since smart phones are now a popular thing，people may now grab their phone and check their social networking sites or email while you’re talking to them. This means pretty muchthe same thing.14. The StompThis one is mostly something kids do but adults are prone to stomping around too. It’s usually done as an expression of anger，and that’s how most people associate it. There is a second reason people stomping though and that is to be intimidating. Stomping toward someone can be used as a tool to frighten someone or even animals. How often have owners stomped near their dogs to scare them away?15. Clearing your throatPeople clear their throat for a variety of reasons. Sometimes you may be ill and you have some stuff stuck back there. However，in a perfectly normal social situation，people often clear their throats when they’re nervous or anxious. If you’re watching a stand up comic and no one is laughing at their jokes，you’ll often see them cough or clear their throat into the comic. It has a second use where people use it to show irritation. More often than not，though，they’re using it to show that they are uncomfortable in some capacity.16. Jutting out (伸出)your chest means somethingThis is one that human beings borrow from other animals on the Earth. Jutting out one’s chest is a sign of dominance and attraction. Men may jut out their chests whenthey’re trying to be intimidating or look strong. This is often used as bodylanguage when they meet a woman they like. Women，you’re guilty of thistoo，as you may jut out your chest to better show off your attributes.In terms of frequency，they flip flop. Men often jut their chest more as an intimidation signal and less often when showing attraction. Women useit more frequently to show attraction and less frequently to show intimidation.Both genders do use it for both.17. Watch how you walkBody language doesn’t just take place when you’re sitting or standing still. Watching how people walk is often one of the most obvious，albeit lesser known，body language indicators. People who walk briskly and with a purpose look more confident. Someone who is running is obviously in a hurry to get somewhere (or get away from somewhere). Bad posture while walking can show depression，while over-dramatic use of your limbs can show that you’re furious.18. Closing your eyesThanks to today’s sitcoms，closing your eyes has become a very popular body language indicator. People usually use it to show frustration，irritation，and impatience，much like they’re regrouping in their minds to try to deal with a problem again. Watch out，though! Due to its overuse in comedy scenarios，people may be trying to use it as a tool of comedy. Usually you can tell the difference.19. Rubbing your eyes can send mixed messagesIf you’re speaking with someone and they removetheir glasses，pinch the bridge of their nose，and rubtheir eyes，they are probably not happy with somethingyou just said. In general use，this body language is usedto convey feelings of being tired. This is usually donefrom a young age，as ki ds rub their eyes when they’retired all the time. In adulthood，people who are nothappy with something will often use that body language to show it.20. StaringSo who remembers high school? In high school，most people were either staring or being stared at，so pretty much everyone is familiar with the stare. Believe it or not，there are two reasons why people stare. Attraction is the main one，as a man or woman may frequently gaze at someone they’re attracted to. However，a lesser known second reason people stare is for dominance. If you’re staring down someone and they’re staring back，the first to break the stare is considered to be the less dominant one.写作运用写作要求假设你是李华，你所在的学校拟在下个月举办美国电影节(American Film Festival) 。