高考英语教师用书：板块2 第3讲 构词法 Word版含答案
2020新课标高考艺考英语复习教师用书：第二板块第三讲 理清文架构——核心 Word版含解析
姓名，年级：时间：第三讲理清文架构——核心抓段落构成-—知主题句一、段落的构成英语文章段落结构一般由三部分构成：主题句（topic sentence）,扩展句（development sentence）和结论句（closing sentence/concluding sentence)。
主题句点出段落的主题,扩展句解释说明或论证主题，结论句总结、归纳或概括主题.1．主题句主题句，就是段落的核心句、纲领句、主旨句、中心思想句,言简意赅,主旨鲜明.它是段落的灵魂，表达段落的主题，在英语文章段落中居于主导地位，其他句子都要围绕它而展开。
英语文章一般喜欢开宗明义，所以主题句一般位于文章段首,但有时也在段中或段尾。
2．扩展句扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证作用的句子.扩展句一般长度适中,有一定的条理和逻辑。
扩展句的展开方法多种多样，通常采用的方法有举例说明、描述、定义、比较对照、因果分析、分类等。
3．结论句结论句就是总结句，会重述或总结段落的中心论点，与主题句相呼应.需要指出的是,英文段落中结论句并不多见,我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构60％一70％都是由“主题句＋扩展句"构成.[典例]Why fiction is superior to textbooks lies in their imagination（主题句：以自问自答的方式提出段落主题）．Authors of the fictions always create attractive characters so as to give his opinion about nature and the society as well as life(扩展句1)．It not only provides knowledge，but also teaches us what is the right attitude toward life (扩展句2)．For instance，we can learn from Gone with the Wind how to be a strongwilled person；from Jack London，how to love life(扩展句3:基于上述观点,进一步举例说明)．We can be stimulated to overcomeall obstacles to realize our ambitions(扩展句4）．So，fictions enable people to form their positive view of life，the spirit of optimism and invincible courage，and provide us with an opportunity to learn and to practice，while textbooks barely can (结论句：归纳总结段落主题）．二、段落主题句的位置在进行阅读理解时,我们要善于找出段落的主题句，这样才能抓住文章段落的中心思想（controlling idea)。
【优质】高中英语语法-浅谈英语构词法(三)之二-推荐word版 (1页)
【优质】高中英语语法-浅谈英语构词法（三）之二-推荐word版
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高中英语语法-浅谈英语构词法（三）之二
浅谈英语构词法（三）之二
ve 有倾向的 create （创造） creative （创造性的）
④名词后缀：
后缀含义词根派生词
- ance /- ence 指行为、状态 perform （表演） performance （演出；表演）
- dom 指性质、状态 free （自由的） freedom （自由）
- er / or 指人的身份 work （工作） worker （工人）
- ess 指人的身份 host （招待；主持） hostess （女主人）
- ese 表示国籍 China （中国） Chinese （中国人）
- ian 指人的身份 music （音乐） musician （音乐家）
- ism 与主义有关的 social （社会的） socialism （社会主义）河南王文苑
[1][2][3]。
新教材高考英语一轮总复习板块2第3讲构词法高效训练跟踪检测(含解析)新人教版
第3讲构词法Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. (2021·广东广州名校联考)This green Great Wall, which at its peak during the Qing Dynasty covered thousands of hectares, had by the 1950s, virtually (virtual) disappeared.2. The novel is written from personal (person)experience.3. The year of 2019 is one of the final stepping stones for China to bee a moderately (moderate) prosperous society in 2020.4. It's still a useful and pleasant form of munication (municate)．5. It is not surprising (surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.6. The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth (grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.7. We should see failure (fail) as a requirement for moving towards our goals.8. You can live a more powerful (power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.9. Ants are gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and make preparations (prepare) for the long cold winter.10. It is dangerous (danger) for a woman to walk alone at night.Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空Are you interested in science? What do you think about selfrepair technology?In the first Terminator movie, there is a moment 1. ________ the metal machine from the future begins to repair his mechanical (机械的) arm. The ability of nonhuman things to repair themselves is 2. ________ (surprise) and leaves a deep 3. ________ (impress) on many people. This is perhaps one reason why people began to take 4. ________ interest in the research being done by Professor Duncan Wass and his team at the University of Bristol. They have developed a selfrepairing material that could 5. ________ (use) to fix the wings and body of aeroplanes.Professor Wass and his team found inspiration in the processes of the human body. As Professor Wass explains, “If you cut 6. ________ (you) finger, there are mechanisms (结构) that repair that damage. Can we put the selfhealing (自愈) functions that we have in an airplane wing? If you do that, you're not going to repair a huge hole in the airplane wing. What we should be able 7. ________ (repair) are the tiny cracks that lead 8. ________ the problems later on.”When 9. ________ (ask) about other possible applications, Professor Wass says, “Sports equipment or bicycle f rames (框架) are 10. ________ (general) where you can imagine this being used.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
英语构词法(常用的词根词缀总结)(K12教育文档)
(完整word版)英语构词法(常用的词根词缀总结)(word版可编辑修改) 编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整word版)英语构词法(常用的词根词缀总结)(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为(完整word版)英语构词法(常用的词根词缀总结)(word版可编辑修改)的全部内容。
英语词汇构词法及相应的词根词缀构词法是组成单词的一种方法,它有其清晰严谨的结构形式，本身有规律可循。
利用构词法记忆单词，可以记忆成串、举一反三。
构词法已在历届高考试题中大量应用.掌握和运用构词法，对高考取得好成绩有一定的保证。
英语最基本的构词法有三种：派生（Derivation），合成（Compounding)和转化(Conversion)。
1. 派生法（也称词缀法）派生法(也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的构词法。
添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。
添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性,有时也改变其词义。
如:以形容词happy(幸福的)为词根，加前缀un-就是其反义词unhappy（不幸的）;加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式happily(幸福地)；加后缀ness,就是其名词形式happiness (幸福）。
同样还可以得到unhappily和unhappiness。
再如：动词care（关心)，加后缀-ful,就是其形容词形式careful（细心的），接着再加上后缀—ly，就是其副词形式carefully(仔细地);如果在care后加-ness,就是其名词形式careness（小心);在它的后边再加上-less，就是careful的反义词careless （粗心的)，如果在careless后加后缀-ly，就是其副词形式carelessly(粗心地），在careless后加后缀-ness，就是careless的名词形式carelessness(粗心）。
高考英语二轮语法巩固-《构词法》专题讲练(含答案)
高考英语二轮语法巩固-《构词法》专题讲练【正误比对】词性的误用(1)【误】You'd better take account of your able accurately before attempting to do such a business.【正】You'd better take account of your ability accurately before attempting to do such a business.[分析] able改为ability。
根据your可知此处应用名词ability,表示“能力”。
句意:你最好在尝试做这笔生意前准确地考虑一下自己的能力。
(2)【误】I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunate, I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.【正】I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. Unfortunately,I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.[分析] Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。
修饰整个句子作状语应用副词,根据句意可知应表示“不幸的是”,故将Unfortunate改为Unfortunately。
(3)【误】Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of important.【正】Excellent oral and written communication skills in Chinese and English are of importance.[分析] important改为importance。
构词法练习测试及其参考答案
高考能力测试构词法WordFormation一．合成Compounding两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式：1.直接写在一起。
2.用连字符(-)连接。
3.由两个分开的词构成。
(1)合成adj(2)合成动词(3)合成n(4)合成adv however,maybe,wherever,whenever,forever(5)合成代词whoever,,whatever,everyone,nobody,myself,something,anything,（6）合成介词inside 在……里二、派生Derivation类或几种词类。
1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话,mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映,drink喝—饮料,record录音—记录,name,date,hand,study,2.形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词)front前面——前面的4.形容词转化为名词chief主要的——首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。
特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。
检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。
如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。
1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessDcarelessness2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild，sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3.Thechildlooked_______athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sadlyD.sad4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemisD.physician5.Thethree-________chairisn’tsuitableforayoungchild.Hemayfalloff.A.leggingB.leggedC.legsD.leged6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem，Jacklooked_______aboutathisclassmates.A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Oh，myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish. —Youcanwrite_______passageinEnglish?A.600words；a600-words B.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11Youmustcomewithustothepolice_______.Ourheadiswaitingforyou.A.headquartersB.headlineC.headmasterD.headache12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident；youdidit________.A.intendB.intentionC.intentionallyD.intentional13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The_______orderedhimtopaya$100fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?tter16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.Tomy________，Ipassedtheexameasily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How________heis!Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.A.indangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.Thele tter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.Thechildlookedatme________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason26.Wehavetolearn________technologyfromothercountries.A.advanceB.advancingC.advantageD.advanced27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.nearby28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy，notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttok eep________.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30.________speaking，Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.Itsoundslikeagoodplan，buttherearesome________difficultiesincarryingitout.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.Hisfatherpossessesa________factory，whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marxlefthishomelandforsome________reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility35.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive36.Thedoctorsaidthatt heoldman’sconditionwas__andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless37.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping38.Westoodthere______atthe_____sight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frighteningfrightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；fright39.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged40I’dliketobuyahouse,modern,comfortableandaboveallinaquiet_.A.neighbourB.neighbourhoodC.neighboursD neighbour’sⅡ.改错练习(每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正)1.TheMiludee rarelivinginthewildinanaturalpark.2.Thisblouseisfitforhimatall.It’stoolongandthecolorhasrun.3.Thepossiblythatthemajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.4.Wemuststrengthgovernmentofthepeople，bythepeopleandforthepeople.5.Thespermwhalecandivetoadeepofmorethan1000metersinthesea.6.Heisaveryfamousactress.Hehasplayedmanyimportantpartsindifferentfilms.7.Personal，I’dratherstayathomewatchingTV.8.Becauseofherill，shecan’tgooutforthesight-seeing.9.Thankyouforyourdescribeoftheconditionshere.10.It’sreallydustinthisroom.It’salongtimesincesomeonelastlivedinit.11.Wealldon’tknowhowdarkhappens.12.Heopenedtheenvelope，foldedtheletterandbegantoreadit.13.Sheoffereduslotsofvalueinformation，whichplayedanimportantpartincatchingthethief.14.Wewishyouapleasurejourneybackhome.15.Thecaptainmadeanapologizetothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.16.Iwishthatyoucouldinterviewthesejournalswhocome.17.Coralisnotaplantbutavariousofanimallife.18.Inmyopinion，Harryisthemostsuitfulpersonforthejob.19.Thefoodwasgoodbuttheservewaspoor. 20.Thismeetingisofgreatimportanttoallofus.21.Therecomesalargecollectionofsoldiersinthedistant.22.Whenhegottothedestination，hewasquiteoutofbreathe.23.Traditionallyspeaking，RussiaisaEuropecountry.24.“Actual”means“infact”，andwecanalsouse“asamatteroffact”.25.ItispossibletopersuadeAdamtogiveupthatdecide.26.Thedoctorsaidthatthepatiencewascomfortableaftertheoperation.27.Somepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscovermightchangethewholesocietycompletely.28.TheChinesegovernmenttreasurethefriendlybetweenthepeopleoftwocountriesandwearewaitingforapeacefulsettlementofthismatter.29.Shewasafraidofhighanddarednotjumpoutoftheplane.30.Hermotherdiedofhungryaftertheflood.31.Ibetyouaremistakethistime.32.Themansaidthathewasmerelyapass-byandthathedidn’twatchtheaccident.33.—Doyoufollowme?—Yes，perfect.34.PersonalpossessofgunscauseslotsoftroublesintheUSA.35.Thegreatestwealthyisbeingcontentwithalittle.36.Ibelieveourdreamthathumanswilltraveltoandfromthemoonwillcometruthoneday.37.Failisthemotherofsuccess.38.Everyyearmillionsofvisiterscometovisitthedams.39.TheChinesepeoplearebuildingsocialistandhaveachievedgreatprogress.40.Peopleallwentuptooffertheircongratulateontheirwinningthekeymatch.前后缀“冰山一角”练习一．形容词后缀1-ous结尾advantage________ambition________anxiety________continue________courage____ ____danger________disaster________fame________glory________humor________mo untain________mystery________nerve________number________poison________pros per________religion________suspicion________vary________vigor________2.以-al结尾Chemistry________class________economy________editor________education_______ _exception________finance________function________logic________memory_______ _nation________origin________parent________person________physics________politi cs________region________substance________technique________technology________3.以-able结尾ability________accept________access________adapt________avail________avoid___ _____capability________change________comfort_________compare________convert ________desire________duration________favor________flexibility________honor___ _____move________notice________permit________reason________sense________vision________4.以-ful结尾beauty________care________cheer________doubt________faith________fruit______ __glass________hand________harm________help________mouth________peace____ ____power________skill________spoon________success________thought________wonder________二名词后缀1.以-ment结尾achieve________advance________advertise________agree________disagree________argue________assign________attach________appoint________develop________emba rrass________encourage________engage________enjoy________equip________estab lish________govern________install________manage________move________pave____ ____pay________punish________ship________state________2.以-al结尾approve________disapprove________arrive________propose________refuse________remove________survive________try________withdraw________3.以-ance/-ence/-ency/cy结尾abundant________accurate________agent________allow________apply________atte nd________bankrupt________competent________compliant________confident_____ ___consist________convenient________inconvenient________correspondent_______ _current________dependent________independent________innocent________diploma t________distant________efficient________elegant________evident________exist___ _____fluent________frequent________infer________infant________influential______ __intelligent________interfere________offend________patient________perform____ ____prefer________refer________resident________significant________silent_______ _tend________urgent________vacant________violent________4.以-ion结尾act________add________admit________attract________associate________collect___ _____combine________complete________commit________communicate________co mpose________conclude________consider________consume________create________ decide________declare________define________describe________destroy________det ermine________devote________direct________distinct________discuss________dominate________educate________elect________evolve________except________exhaust_ _______exhibit________exploit________found________identify________illustrate___ _____imitate________impress________include________intend________introduce____ ____investigate________invite________liberate________locate________oblige______ __occupy________operate________organize________participate________permit____ ____predict________produce________provide________pollute________possess_____ ___recognize________recommend________regulate________relate________satisfy__ ______select________solve________submit________suggest________utilize________verify________三动词前后缀、1.以-en开头或结尾large________able________courage________rich________hard________weak_______ _broad________soft________moist________length________strength________threat-________sharp________sure________2.以-ify结尾magnified________simple________pure________intense________beauty________ clear________electrical________note________unite________dignity________3.以-ize/ise/yze/yse结尾real________industrial________mechanic________central________popular________e vaporation________standard________neutral________高考能力测试答案构词法Ⅰ.单项填空1~5BDACB6~10CBDCB11~15ACDCB16~20BAAAB21~25CBBCA26~30DADBA31~35BBCCC36~40DAADB【解析】6.leading主要的，领头的。
英语构词法 学案 教师版 带答案
英语构词法学案教师版带答案构词法一、掌握构词法的重要性1.有助于扩大词汇Care careful carelessCarefully carelessly carelessness carefulness2.有助于了解词义Possible impossible fair unfair3.有助于辨认词类Glory glorious operate operation 二、英语单词的构成英语单词通常是由词根，前缀和后缀等元素组合而成。
词根可以单独成词。
比如：act（行动）自身就是一个词根，他可以加上前缀构成react（反应），也可以再加上后缀组成reactor（核反应堆）。
又如：reconstruction 重建，由前缀re（重新）词根construct（建造）和后缀-ion（名词后缀）组成；disagreement，由表示否定的前缀dis，词根agree 和后缀名词后缀-ment构成。
三、英语的构词方法在英语中，主要有三种构词法，即合成、转化和派生。
1.合成(Compounding)第 2 页第 3 页由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类的方法称作转化法.1)由名词转化为动词,例如:water n. 水→w ater v. 浇水knife n. 刀→ k nife v. 用刀切2)由形容词转化为动词,例如:clean adj.干净的→ clean v.打扫，清理empty adj. 空的→empty v.清空，倒空3)由形容词转化为名词,例如:right adj. 正确的→ right n. 正确，公正wrong adj. 错误的→ wrong n. 错误3.派生(Derivation)由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词的方法称作派生法。
前缀附加在单词或词根的前面,一般不改变原词的词类,但引起词义的变化；后缀附加在单词或词根的后面，一般不改变原词的基本含义，只改变词类。
1）常见的前缀（1）用来构成反义词的前缀dis- 表示否定，可附加在名词、动词和形容词前面构成新词，例如：第 4 页agree v. 同意disagree v. 不同意appear v. 出现disappear v.消失like v. 喜欢dislike v. 不喜欢honest adj. 诚实的dishonest adj.不诚实的approval n. 同意disapproval n.不同意in-, im-, ir-, un-, non- 表示否定，附加在形容词或副词的前面,构成新词, 例如:complete adj.完全的incomplete adj.不完全的correct adj.正确的incorrect adj.不正确的possible adj. 可能的impossible adj. 不可能的polite adj. 有礼impolite adj. 无礼貌的第 5 页貌的irregular adj. 不规则的regular adj. 规则的unfair adj. 不公正的fair adj. 公正的unhappy adj. 不高兴的happy adj. 高兴的used 使用过的unused 未使用过的tiring 疲倦的untiring 不疲倦的stop n. 停止non-stop adj. 不停的non-smoker n. 不吸烟者smoker n. 吸烟者human adj. 人non-human adj. 非人类的类的dress v. 穿undress v. 脱cover v. 覆盖uncover v. 揭开(2)其他常用前缀re- 表示“在一次,重新,返回,向后”,可以附加在动词及其派生名词前面构成新词,例如:write v. 写rewrite v. 重写build v. 建造rebuild v. 重建tell v. 讲述retell v. 复述consider v. 考虑reconsider v. 重新考虑consideration n.考虑reconsideration n.重新第 6 页考虑mini- 表示“小的,微型的”之意,例如:minibus 小型公共汽车minicomputer 微型电脑miniskirt 超短裙mis- 表示“错误”之意，例如：misuse v. n. 用错，滥用misunderstand v. 误解mid- 表示“中间，中部”之意，可指时间，也可指空间，例如：middday n. 中午，正午midnight n.子夜，午夜，半夜midsummer n. 仲夏mid-Europe n. 中欧super- 表示“超级的”之意,例如:superman n. 超人supermarket n. 超级市场superstar n. 超级巨星superpower n. 超级大国kilo- 含有“千”之意,例如:kilogram n. 公斤，千克kilometer n. 公里，千米kilowatt n. 千瓦tele- 含有“远”之意，多用于与远距离有关的词，例如：telescope n. 望远镜television n. 电视机telephone n. 电话teleshopping n. 电脑购物2)常见的后缀(1)构成形容词的后缀accept v. 接受acceptable adj. 可接受的第 7 页eat v. 吃eatable adj. 可吃的wash v. 洗washable adj. 可洗的national adj.民族的,国家的nation n. 民族,国家physical adj. 物理的physics n. 物理political adj.政治的politics n. 政治cultural adj.文化的culture n. 文化music n. 音乐musical adj. 音乐的education n.educational adj.教育的教育-an, -ian 常加在地名后面,构成形容词,例如: Africa n. 非洲 African adj. 非洲的America n. 美American adj. 美国的国Russian adj. 俄罗斯的Russia n. 俄罗斯Asia n. 亚洲Asian adj. 亚洲的Australia n.Australian adj. 澳大利亚的澳大利亚Europe n. 欧European adj. 欧洲的第 8 页Canada n. 加Canadian adj. 加拿大的拿大Egypt n. 埃及Egyptian adj. 埃及的-en 附加在物质名词后,构成形容词,例如:wooden adj.木制的wood n.木材,木料gold n. 金子,golden adj. 金制的,金色的黄金wool n. 羊毛woolen adj. 羊毛制的care n. 小心careful adj. 小心的harmful adj. 有害的harm n. 损害,伤害success n. 成successful adj. 成功的功use n. 用,使用 useful adj. 有用的beauty n. 美beautiful adj. 美丽的hope n. 希望hopeful adj. 充满希望的forget n. 忘记forgetful adj. 健忘的progress v. 前progressive adj. 进步的进，进步expense v. 花expensive adj. 昂贵的第 9 页suggest v. 建suggestive adj. 暗示的议，暗示-less 表示“没有……”，加在名词后，构成形容词，例如：use n. 用，使用u seless adj. 无用的colorless adj. 无色的color n. 颜色，色彩home n. 家homeless adj. 无家可归的job n. 工作jobless adj. 失业的care n. 小心careless adj. 粗心的-ly 加在人称名词后面,表示“具有…..品质的”,也可加在其他名词后面,构成形容词,例如:brotherly adj.sisterly adj. 姐妹般的兄弟般的fatherly adj.motherly adj. 母亲般的父亲般的friendly adj. 友好的manly adj. 丈夫气概的hourly adj.一小时一次的lovely adj.可爱的weekly adj.一周一次的daily adj.一天一次的第 10 页monthly adj.一月一次的yearly adj.一年一次的-ous 表示“充满……的”或“具有……性质的”，附加在名词后面，构成形容词，例如：danger n. 危险dangerous adj. 危险的fame n. 名声,声望famous adj. 著名的victory n. 胜利victorious adj. 胜利的glory n. 光荣glorious adj. 光荣的-y 附加在名词后面，构成形容词，表示“具有……特征”或“具有……性质的”的意思，例如：blood n.血bloody adj. 带血的，流血的dust n. 灰尘dusty adj. 布满灰尘的hill n. 小山hilly adj. 多山的luck n. 运气lucky adj. 幸运的mud n. 泥muddy adj. 多泥的，泥泞的wood n. 木头，木材woody adj. 多树木的，木质的rainy adj. 多雨的，下雨的snowy adj. 多雪的，下雪的windy adj. 多风的，刮风的sunny adj. 充满阳光的cloudy adj. 多云的,阴天的stormy adj. 有暴风雨（雪）的(2)构成名词的后缀-er ,-or 加在动词、名词或形容词后面，构成名词，有“做……(动作)的人”或“……地方的人”之意，例如：worker reader teacher buyer foreigner reporter singer driver writer washer officer prisonerr v illager stranger recorder visitor actor sailor collector lawyer-ist 表示“从事……职业的人”或“擅长某种知识或乐器的人”，也可表示“信仰某种主义或制度的人”，例如：piano n. 钢琴pianist n.钢琴家violin n.小提琴violinist n. 小提琴家novel n. 小说novelist n.小说家social adj.社会的socialist n. 社会主义者-ian 加在名词后面,表示“有某种专长或从事某种事业的人”。
(完整word版)英语构词法详解及练习.doc
高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二.定义与精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如：Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化，如：He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词①很多表示物件，如Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗 ?②身体部位，如：Please hand me the book请.把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如：Shenursed her husband back to health她.看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。
如：We lunched together我.们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
如：We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如：Murder will out.( 谚语 )恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服②某些形容词如 old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与 the 连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如：The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
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第3讲构词法[全国卷考情分析]合成法和转化法[题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·湖北七市联考)Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.richness[考查名词。
空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。
] 2．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)In fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its (free) from the cocoon.freedom[考查名词。
空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。
]3．(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.combination[考查名词。
由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。
]4．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human (healthy)．health[考查名词。
介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。
]5．(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its (taste) beef, soup and noodles.tasty[考查形容词。
分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。
]Ⅱ.单句改错6．(2019·昆明检测)We shared a moment of cosplay and happy. I even danced with the crowd.happy→happiness[考查名词。
由“happy”前的“and”可知，此处与cosplay(动漫角色扮演，名词)为并列结构，词性应相同，所以把happy改为happiness。
] 7．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family.happily→happy[考查形容词。
根据该句中的名词time可知，修饰该名词，应用形容词。
句意：首先，我们能拜访我们的亲朋好友，或者和家人一起度过快乐的时光。
]8．(2019·山东潍坊一模)After all, doing exercise is a good way to keep health.health→healthy[句意：毕竟，锻炼是保持健康的好办法。
错误处应该用形容词而非名词作keep的表语，故将health改为healthy。
][要点解读](一)合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词中间需加连字符)。
合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。
构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。
高中阶段常见的合成形式有：(二)转化法不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。
高中阶段常见的转化形式有：单句语法填空1．The boy ran quickly(quick)to school.2．“What's that？” Father shouted angrily(angry)．3．The little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.4．Your composition is badly(bad)organized.Please do your writing exercise more attentively(attend)next time.[要点解读]1．一般情况加ly。
如：real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly2．“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为ily。
如：angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily3．以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。
如：probable→probably；possible→possibly 4．个别单词，去掉e再加ly。
如：true→truly5．以ic结尾的，加ally。
如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically[注意]有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：friend→friendly；day→dailyⅠ.单句语法填空1．He is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.2．The good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)．3．He is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.4．They are nervous(nerve) about their first trip abroad.5．The flower is harmful(harm) to our health.Ⅱ.单句改错6．Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balance→balanced7．I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reason→reasonable[要点解读]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)．2．Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.Ⅱ.单句改错3．It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronounce.pronounce→pronunciation[要点解读]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I'm doing Tom's job in his absence(absent)．2．He has the ability(able)to do the job.Ⅱ.单句改错3．We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.strong→strength[要点解读]单句语法填空1．The famous actress(act)is dancing with her fans.2．We should respect everyone，even a beggar(beg)．3．My boss is not here.Do you like to speak to one of his assistants(assist)? [要点解读]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．As they couldn't play outdoors，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.2．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)．3．Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.Ⅱ.单句改错4．I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.meaningless→meaningful[要点解读]单句语法填空1．Travelling abroad can broaden(broad)our horizons.2．The clever boy has the ability to simplify(simple) that dull story. 3．He eventually realized(real)his ambition to become a scientist. [要点解读]单句语法填空1．The frightening shout frightened the boys.＝The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened．(frighten)2．His surprised(surprise) look suggested that he knew nothing about it.3．The story sounds interesting and we are interested in the story.(interest)[要点解读]一些动词，如excite，disappoint，encourage，puzzle，surprise，confuse，interest，satisfy，please，shock，astonish，disturb，bore等，其现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)都能转化为形容词。