高考英语 构词法
(全)高考英语历年真题详解-构词法
高考英语历年真题详解-构词法2015新课标1卷Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词，形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly，副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。
2015新课标2卷In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their(able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.答案：ability构词法：形容词构名词，名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equalityWalls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.答案：slowly构词法：形容词构副词As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案：natural构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2016全国卷（新课标一）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).答案：attraction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.答案：officially构词法：形容词构副词2016全国新课标二卷Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve).答案：achievement构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, governmentRecent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词2016全国卷（新课标三）Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.答案：gradually构词法：形容词构副词Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.答案：development构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, government2017（全国1卷）However, be (care) not to go to extremes.答案：careful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国2卷）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must havebeen (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案：fairly构词法：形容词构副词This development was only possible with the (introduce) ofelectric-powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案：successful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国3卷）She is determined to carry on with her ( educate).答案：education构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionIt is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly构词法：形容词构副词2018（全国1卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercisesto (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案：strengthen构词法：名词构动词，动词后缀或前缀-en: quicken, weaken, soften, harden; en-: enjoy, encourage, enlargeRunning is cheap, easy and it's always (energy).答案：energetic构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀(t)ic-: realistic , humanistic , enthusiastic , economic2018（全国2卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.答案：actually构词法：形容词构副词This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.答案：pollution构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionAccording to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.答案：global构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2018（全国3卷）I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案：scientist构词法：-ist：pianist, communist, dentist, artist, receptionist2018（浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week maybe (afford) but doing this most days adds up.答案：affordable动词构形容，形容词后缀-able, -ible：eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonableResearchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.答案：weight构词法：动词构名词2019（全国1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.答案：poorly构词法：形容词构副词In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.答案：belief构词法：动词构名词，类似的还有relieve-relief2019全国2卷Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.答案：finally构词法：形容词构副词We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).答案：wonderful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2019全国3卷When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.答案：competition构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThey also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.答案：traditional; hugely构词法：名词构形容词；形容词构副词2019浙江卷When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can(easy) see them.答案：easily构词法：形容词构副词School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.答案：traditional构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national。
2024新高考英语复习构词法
悲伤的:sorrow—sorrowful
高雅的:grace—graceful
可耻的:shame—shameful
-less
无,不
无成效的:fruit—fruitless
无意义的:meaning—meaningless
不痛的:pain—painless
坐立不安的:rest—restless
无望的:hope—hopeless
2.形容词转换为副词
后缀 -ly
意义 以……方式
例词
绝对地:absolute—absolutely
仅仅:bare—barely
真诚地:sincere—sincerely
事实上,真实地:actual—actually
最后:eventual—eventually
很少:rare—rarely
批评性地:critical—critically
具有……特 性的;与…… 有关的
实际的:practice—practical
偶然的:accident—accidental
符合逻辑的:logic—logical
职业的:profession—professional
面部的:face—facial
金融的:finance—financial
有益的:benefit—beneficial
系统的:system—systematic 有同情心的:sympathy—sympathetic
戏剧性的:drama—dramatic
悲观的:pessimism—pessimistic
热心的:enthusiasm—enthusiastic
乐观的:optimism—optimistic
科学的:science—scientific
高考英语语法——构词法
高考英语语法——构词法（Word-formation）一、构词法种类重点用法①转化用法：转化构词法是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
也就是说，一个单词可作名词，也可作动词或别的词类，从意思上讲，是一词多义；从语法上讲，是一个词可有多种语法功能。
dream v.遇见；n.梦I dreamed a terrible dream.我做了一个噩梦。
动词名词home n.家；故乡；adv.在（向，到）家At four o’clock I went home.Then I went to Uncle Wang’s home.副词名词我4点回到家，然后去了王叔叔家。
重点用法②合成用法：合成构词法是指由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
合成词中有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成代词、合成副词等，其中合成名词和合成形容词较多。
class+room=classroom教室名词+名词black+board=blackboard黑板形容词+名词good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的形容词+分词over+come=overcome克服副词+动词提示：多数合成名词变成复数时，只把主体名词变成复数，而由man，woman构成的合成名词变为复数时，必须把主体名词和man或woman都变为复数。
daughter(s)-in-law儿媳passer(s)-by路人wom e n teacher s女教师m e n doctor s男医生注意：当数词和表示年龄、质量、尺寸等的名词用连字符“-”构成合成词时，这些名词用单数形式。
He is a five-year-old boy.=He is five years old.他是一个5岁的小男孩。
It’s a four-foot-long box.这个盒子有4英尺长。
重点用法③派生用法：1.派生构词法是指由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。
高考英语考点 52构词法
考点五十二构词法构词法一派生法1.形容词变副词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀3.动词变名词的后缀4.表示＂人＂的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。
常见的表示＂人＂的后缀有：5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀7.变动词的前缀和后缀构词法二转化法不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
构词法三合成法英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。
1.合成名词2.合成形容词3.合成动词4.合成副词5.合成代词改正以下句子的错误1.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.2.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ) Dad and I were terrible worried.3.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!1. (2018·新课标I卷) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to ________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always________(energy).【答案】strengthen；energetic【解析】①考查词性转换。
2023届高考英语复习之语法透析：词性转换(构词法)课件
act → active 积极的；活跃的 ive effect → effective 有效的；生效的
attract → attractive 有吸引力的 impress → impressive 给人印象深刻的
02 考点精析
名词、动词转化 为形容词后缀ous
direct → indirect 间接的
02 考点精析 ir-
前缀 mis-
un
regular → irregular 不规则的 responsible → irresponsible 不负责任的
lead → mislead 误导 understand → misunderstand误解 usual → unusual 不寻常的 willing → unwilling 不愿意的 happy → unhappy 不高兴的 known → unknown 不出名的
02 考点精析
动词转化为名词 后缀ance/ence
appear → appearance 出现；外貌 perform → performance 表演；节目 exist → existence 存在；生存 prefer → preference 偏爱 refer → reference 参考；查阅 guide → guidance 指引；指导
doubt → doubtful 怀疑的 forget → forgetful 健忘的 harm → harmful 有害的 hope → hopeful 有希望的 peace → peaceful 和平的
02 考点精析
名词、动词转化 为形容词后缀
scare → scared 感到恐惧的 -ed confuse → confused 感到困惑的
高考英语语法必考考点(15)构词法(含解析)
——————————教育资源共享步入知识海洋————————2019年高考英语语法必考考点（15）：构词法含解析李仕才【考点解读】英语词性是可以相互转化的。
词性的转换有两种方法：转化法和缀合法（派生法）。
一、转化法转化法是由一个词类转化为另一个词类的方法，即某一个词早期迁移定型为某一个词义和词类，后来通过词义扩大或比喻等方法把它活用为其它词义和词类的方法，一般在转化义和原义之间有明显的联系。
转化法一般多用于简单音节的词汇中。
转化法主要分为如下四种类型：1. 动词转化为名词。
多用来表示一次性动作，或与动作相关的事物。
①We stopped there for a swim.我们在那儿停下来游了一会儿泳。
swim原为动词“游泳”。
②Xiao Liu's answers is perfectly right.小刘的回答是完全正确的。
answer原为动词“回答”。
2. 名词转化为动词。
这类词多与名词所具有的特殊动作有关，也是修辞。
例如：①He wolfed down three bowls of rice.他狼吞虎咽地吃了三大碗饭。
wolf.原为名词“狼”。
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.他坚持不睡觉来护理这个女孩。
nurse.原为名词“护士”。
3. 形容词转化为动词。
①He had blacked his face with soot.他已经用煤灰把脸抹黑了。
black 原为形容词“黑色的”。
②My father is emptying a box of rubbish into a rubbish-cart.我爸爸正将垃圾倒入垃圾车。
empty原为形容词“空的”。
4. 形容词转化为名词。
即用性质来指代这种性质的事物。
例如：①My mother likes red.我妈妈喜欢红色（的）。
red原为形容词“红色的”。
②The Chinese are working-hard and brave people.中国人勤劳而勇敢。
英语高考转化构词法
英语高考转化构词法转化构词法是指通过改变单词的词性或形态，来创造新词或派生词的构词法。
在英语高考中，我们经常会遇到这种构词法，因此对于掌握英语词汇及语法而言，掌握这种构词法是非常重要的。
一、名词转动词这种构词法是将名词转换为动词，常用的形式有加动词后缀，如happen、lengthen等，在英语中，名词转动词的范围非常广泛。
示例：1. Friend - befriend2. Help - help3. Love - love4. Party - party5. Play - play6. Rain - rain7. Road - road8. Smile - smile9. Shop-shop10. Train - train二、动词转名词示例：1. Build- builder2. Cook - cook3. Design - design4. Friend - friendship5. Jog - jogger6. Read - reader7. Smile - smile8. Sing - singer9. Swim - swimmer10. Talk - talker三、形容词转动词这种构词法是将形容词转换为动词，常用的形式有添加动词后缀，如brighten、loosen等。
示例：1. Dark - darken2. Dry - dry3. Quiet - quieten4. Soft - soften5. Wet - wet6. Bright - brighten7. Old - old8. Far - far9. Light - light10. Quick - quicken四、动词转形容词这种构词法是将动词转换为形容词，常用的形式有加形容词后缀，如amused、confused、interested等。
示例：1. Amuse - amused2. Choose - chosen3. Confuse - confused4. Disappoint - disappointed5. E某cite - e某cited6. Fascinate - fascinated7. Interest - interested8. Please - pleased9. Satisfy - satisfied10. Terrify - terrified五、名词转形容词这种构词法是将名词转换为形容词，常用的形式有加形容词后缀，如fiery、cloudy、woody等。
高考英语三大构词法之详解汇总
高考英语三大构词法之汇总一. 转化法（conversion）在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try. 让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there? 你在那儿住多久了？6. 情态动词，副词，连词在一定场合中也可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法（composition）由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词（compounds）。
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2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward
6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard
7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取） 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground 9) in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”
-ee
employee, trustee, interviewee
-eer
engineer, profiteer
-ery
machinery, jewellery
-ess
actress, waitress, empress
9ist -ism
-ment
-ness
-ship
词 -tion
3
二、转化: 由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.
(1) 动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste.
(2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Let’s go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class.
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后缀
- able -al -an
形 -ern 容 -est 词 -ful
-ish -ive -y -less -some
例词
advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest helpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless troublesome, tiresome
高考基础语法复习
构词法
在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生
1
一、合成
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-” 连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个 词构成。
1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand ……
-age
leakage, shortage
名
-al -an
renewal, withdrawal American, Korean
-cy
privacy, accuracy
-er
farmer, thinker, painkiller
-or
词 -ese
actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese
1．re--“又\,再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co—“联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super—“在…上；加之” superman, supermarket
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后缀
例词
-ability inability, available
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Practice (III): Fill in the blanks with proper words.
With the (1)_d_e__v_e_lo__p_m_e__nt(develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)__a_n_d____ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)___o_f___ air pollution.
Air pollution is caused (4)__b_y__ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_o_u__t __ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)__fa_c_t_o_r__ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _h_a_r_m__ to their health(8)_b_u__t also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _p_o_l_lu_t_i_o_nis caused by other reasons.
-ure
例词
armful, handful, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musician artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, darkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure
i. sit
j. free
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Practice (II):
按括号内的要求改写下列单词
rain(形容词) _r_a_in__y___ agree(反义)_d__is_a_g_r_e_e__ nation(形容词)_n_a_t_i_o_n_al farm(人)__f_a_r_m__e_r__ recent(副词)_r_e_c_e_n_t_l_y friend(形容词)_f_r_i_e_n_d_l_y hope(形容词)_h_o_p_e__f_ul back(形容词)_b__a_c_k_w_a_r_ds visit(名词)_v_i_s_it_o_r____ home(形容词) _h_o_m__e_l_e_ss eight(序数词)_e__ig_h_t_h__ true(名词)_t_r_u_t_h______ America(形容词)A__m_e_r_i_c_an China(形容词)_C_h__in_e_s_e_
inland, invade, inside, import
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10) under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater
11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上” upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3.表示其他意义的前缀:
词 -down
face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地)
-ward(s) towards, forward, outward
后缀
数 -teen 词 -ty
-th
例词
fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighth
(3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.
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三、派生： 由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。
1.表示否定意义的前缀
dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal,
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一、合成
2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn
3. 合成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand …….
impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand mislead non- nonsense un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的)
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2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
1) a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……” aboard, aside,
2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)
3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互” international, interaction, internet
4) mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn
We should take some measures to fight(10)__a_g_a_i_n_s_t pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop the problem will be solved.