雅思大作文写作考官教

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剑桥英语4雅思考官范文(大作文+小作文)

剑4 2-1The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.On average, 11% of all households,comprising almost two million people, were in this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children(7%) than those with children(12%). It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favoured elderly couples(only 4%) rather than single elderly people(6%).Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.剑4 2-2Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success,others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness, too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.剑4 3-1The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999We can see immediately that there were substantial difference in the proportion of men and women at different levels. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. Bycontrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%) and marginally more women reached degree level(55%).At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterpart (70% and 30%, respectively)，and also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates.Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor’s degree, however.剑4 4-2In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline.They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation. But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.。

雅思写作Task1书信考官范文(17)

雅思写作Task1书信考官范文(17)（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言作文(composition)是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。

作文分为小学作文，中学作文，大学作文(论文)。

作文体裁包括：记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。

作文并不神秘，要想写好一篇文章，首先要多看，多想，勤于观察，积累素材。

只有细致的观察生活，积累素材才是写好作文的基础。

首先要明确你要写的主题，认真的审题，列出大纲，不要只注意题目中要求的字有多少，要多注意题目的本身，要多读多想，准确的用好词语和修饰语。

这是审题的关键，要确立好主题的依据，要精心的选材，布局列题，有的材料，还要分析整理。

这就要对材料进行分类，比较，概括，筛选。

我们不要象盖房子那样的把所有的材料都堆砌起来，要合理恰当的组合，具体的说开头和结尾要略写，那么经过就要仔细的推敲，修辞，润色，写好以后不要急于交稿，反复检查认真的修改。

古人说：书读百遍，其义自见。

熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。

这些都说明一个道理，只要你多看书，多读书对你的写作文有一定的好处。

只要你明白这样的一个道理，作文就是要你把生活中喜，怒，哀，乐用文字经过加工，修饰。

整理，也就是我们说的作文。

作文内容英语作文啦雅思频道特为大家收集整理了雅思写作Task1书信考官范文。

认真研读一定的雅思范文及作文模板可以帮助我们检验自己的写作水平，并能很好地吸收和应用优秀范文里的优秀内容~更多雅思报名官网的最新消息，最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，英语作文啦将第一时间为大家发布。

Your car is hired from a company and while you are driving on holiday, you have a small accident. You will have to write a report to the company to explain it.You need to explain the following:» When and where you hired it?» Describe how the accident happened?» What kind of action did you take after the accident?You do NOT need to write your own address. Begin your letter as follows: Dear Sir/Madam,Model Answer:Dear Sir / Madam,I am a recent customer of your rental company having I rented a car from your downtown outlet in Detroit. Thecar hired was an economy model vehicle which I rented from March 21st to the present. I would like to commend your company on their professionalism and the service offered, and as such I am sure you will handle my incident with these qualities.Unfortunately, I had an unavoidable accident involving the aforementioned vehicle and another party. The accident was caused by the other car failing to stop at the red light of the intersection I was passing through, and as such the second party collided into the driver's side of my automobile. The police were informed in situ, whereupon they recorded information regarding the accident and the other driver’s insurance details.The police established the other driver's responsibility for the accident, and the second party's insurance company has been informed. I would like to request that a replacement vehicle be offered while my current vehicle is incapacitated. Once again, I would like to commend your company's professional attitude.Yours sincerely,David Clark(Approximately 186 words)(This model answer can be followed as an example of a very good answer. However, please note that this is just one example out of many possible approaches.)。

英语考试作文-考官雅思口语写作观点词汇语料：传统与现代

英语考试作文考官雅思口语写作观点词汇语料：传统与现代再好的雅思范文，也只能告诉你如何写好一篇文章的骨架，而要做到有血有肉，言之有物，则要靠大量的话题观点及相关词汇的支撑，而simon同学也告诉反复在讲，提升写作最快的两点：一点是减少语法错误，另一点就是积累并运用大量的话题词汇。

本文分享的话题观点语料是：传统vs现代。

注意文末还附上数道相关雅思写作历史真题供练习。

合集分享：考官9分写作口语观点词汇语料库绝对干货Traditional vs Modern传统vs现代Losing traditional skillsBecause of industrialization and global trade, many traditions have disappearedGlobal advertising encourages everyone to buy the same productsMost products are now made in factoriesMachinery has replaced skilled human labourFactory work is boring and leaves people feeling unfulfilledGoods are produced very quickly and in large numbersProducts are cheaper, which means that more people can buy themExamplesClothes are mass produced in standard sizesPeople wear similar clothes, rather than traditional costumesJeans and T-shirt are now worn throughout the worldHistoric buildings took skilled craftsmen years to buildModern concrete, steel and glass buildings are built in only weeks or monthsThere are fewer people who can create hand-made goodsTraditional customsTraditional customs are still important during weddings and religious festivalsPeople wear traditional costumers and eat special foodsIt is important to maintain our different cultural identitiesWe should celebrate festivals, teach traditional skills and protect historic places相关雅思历史真题1.When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.To what extent you agree or disagree with the statement?2.he older generations tend to have very traditional ideas about how people should live, think and behave. However, some people believe that these ideas are not helpful in preparing younger generations for modern life.3.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view?People should follow the customs and traditions when people start to live in a new country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?。

考官Simon雅思大作文范文(28篇)

目录1. 政府是否该支持本土电影 (2)2. 外国游客应该比本地游客花更多钱 (3)3. 现代社会的人变得更独立还是更不独立 (4)4. 选择工作最重要的考虑因素是薪水 (5)5. 动物实验是否应该禁止 (6)6. 政府是否应该支持艺术工作者 (7)7. 青少年是否应该无偿为社区工作 (8)8. 我们为什么需要音乐 (9)9. 电脑游戏是好还是坏呢 (10)10. 平均寿命变长的原因和应对方法 (11)11. 我们应该只关心自己的国家吗 (12)12. 科技是如何影响人们的日常交流的 (13)13. 兴趣爱好应该是很困难的 (14)14. 平等社会和个人成就之间的关系 (15)15. 大学每个科目的男生女生数量应该相等 (16)16. 博物馆的目的应该是娱乐还是教育 (17)17. 应该上大学还是应该直接找工作 (18)18. 政府是否应该出钱保护濒危语言 (19)19. 环境污染的方式以及政府和个人能够做什么 (20)20. 为何幸福很难定义以及如何获得幸福 (21)21. 你是否同意保护野生动物是浪费资源 (22)22. 严厉惩罚交通肇事能提高行驶安全吗 (23)23. 企业除了赚钱以外要承担社会责任 (24)24. 政府如何让城市生活更美好 (25)25. 现在人们更喜欢独居了是好还是坏呢 (26)26. 大学生应该学习自己喜欢的还是对社会有用的 (27)27. 让罪犯用亲身经历告诉青少年不要犯罪 (28)28. 传统思想在当代是否还有用武之地 (29)1.政府是否该支持本土电影Many people prefer to watch foreign films rather than locally produced films. Why could this be? Should governments give more financial support to local film industries?范文：It is true that foreign films are more popular in many countries than domestically produced films. There could be several reasons why this is the case, and I believe that governments should promote local film-making by subsidising the industry.There are various reasons why many people find foreign films more enjoyable than the films produced in their own countries. Firstly, the established film industries in certain countries have huge budgets for action, special effects and to shoot scenes in spectacular locations. Hollywood blockbusters like ‘Avatar’ or the James Bond films are examples of such productions and the global appeal that they have. Another reason why these big-budget films are so successful is that they often star the most famous actors and actresses, and they are made by the most accomplished producers and directors. The poor quality, low-budget filmmaking in many countries suffers in comparison.In my view, governments should support local film industries financially. In every country, there may be talented amateur film-makers who just need to be given the opportunity to prove themselves. To compete with big-budget productions from overseas, these people need money to pay for film crews, actors and a host of other costs related to producing high-quality films. If governments did help with these costs, they would see an increase in employment in the film industry, income from film sales, and perhaps even a rise in tourist numbers. New Zealand, for example, has seen an increase in tourism related to the 'Lord of the Rings' films, which were partly funded by government subsidies.In conclusion, I believe that increased financial support could help to raise the quality of locally made films and allow them to compete with the foreign productions that currently dominate the market.(295 words, band 9)2.外国游客应该比本地游客花更多钱Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?It is sometimes argued that tourists from overseas should be charged more than local residents to visit important sites and monuments. I completely disagree with this idea.The argument in favour of higher prices for foreign tourists would be that cultural or historical attractions often depend on state subsidies to keep them going, which means that the resident population already pays money to these sites through the tax system. However, I believe this to be a very shortsighted view. Foreign tourists contribute to the economy of the host country with the money they spend on a wide range of goods and services, including food, souvenirs, accommodation and travel. The governments and inhabitants of every country should be happy to subsidise important tourist sites and encourage people from the rest of the world to visit them.If travellers realised that they would have to pay more to visit historical and cultural attractions in a particular nation, they would perhaps decide not to go to that country on holiday. To take the UK as an example, the tourism industry and many related jobs rely on visitors coming to the country to see places like Windsor Castle or Saint Paul’s Cathedral. These two sites charge the same price regardless of nationality, and this helps to promote the n ation’s cultural heritage. If overseas tourists stopped coming due to higher prices, there would be a risk of insufficient funding for the maintenance of these important buildings.In conclusion, I believe that every effort should be made to attract tourists from overseas, and it would be counterproductive to make them pay more than local residents.(269 words, band 9)3.现代社会的人变得更独立还是更不独立Some people think that in the modern world we are more dependent on each other, while others think that people have become more independent. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.People have different views about whether we are more or less dependent on others nowadays. In my view, modern life forces us to be more independent than people were in the past.There are two main reasons why it could be argued that we are more dependent on each other now. Firstly, life is more complex and difficult, especially because the cost of living has increased so dramatically. For example, young adults tend to rely on their parents for help when buying a house. Property prices are higher than ever, and without help it would be impossible for many people to pay a deposit and a mortgage. Secondly, people seem to be more ambitious nowadays, and they want a better quality of life for their families. This means that both parents usually need to work full-time, and they depend on support from grandparents and babysitters for child care. However, I would agree with those who believe that people are more independent these days. In most countries, families are becoming smaller and more dispersed, which means that people cannot count on relatives as much as they used to. We also have more freedom to travel and live far away from our home towns. For example, many students choose to study abroad instead of going to their local university, and this experience makes them more independent as they learn to live alone. Another factor in this growing independence is technology, which allows us to work alone and from any part of the world.In conclusion, while there are some reasons to believe that people now depend on each other more, my own view is that we are more independent than ever.4.选择工作最重要的考虑因素是薪水When choosing a job, the salary is the most important consideration. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people choose their jobs based on the size of the salary offered. Personally, I disagree with the idea that money is the key consideration when deciding on a career, because I believe that other factors are equally important. On the one hand, I agree that money is necessary in order for people to meet their basic needs. For example, we all need money to pay for housing, food, bills, health care, and education. Most people consider it a priority to at least earn a salary that allows them to cover these needs and have a reasonable quality of life. If people chose their jobs based on enjoyment or other non-financial factors, they might find it difficult to support themselves. Artists and musicians, for instance, are known for choosing a career path that they love, but that does not always provide them with enough money to live comfortably and raise a family.Nevertheless, I believe that other considerations are just as important as what we earn in our jobs. Firstly, personal relationships and the atmosphere in a workplace are extremely important when choosing a job. Having a good manager or friendly colleagues, for example, can make a huge difference to workers’ levels of happiness and general quality of life. Secondly, many people’s f eelings of job satisfaction come from their professional achievements, the skills they learn, and the position they reach, rather than the money they earn. Finally, some people choose a career because they want to help others and contribute something positive to society.In conclusion, while salaries certainly affect people’s choice of profession, I do not believe that money outweighs all other motivators.5.动物实验是否应该禁止Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer, while others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.It is true that medicines and other products are routinely tested on animals before they are cleared for human use. While I tend towards the viewpoint that animal testing is morally wrong, I would have to support a limited amount of animal experimentation for the development of medicines.On the one hand, there are clear ethical arguments against animal experimentation. To use a common example of this practice, laboratory mice may be given an illness so that the effectiveness of a new drug can be measured. Opponents of such research argue that humans have no right to subject animals to this kind of trauma, and that the lives of all creatures should be respected. They believe that the benefits to humans do not justify the suffering caused, and that scientists should use alternative methods of research. On the other hand, reliable alternatives to animal experimentation may not always be available. Supporters of the use of animals in medical research believe that a certain amount of suffering on the part of mice or rats can be justified if human lives are saved. They argue that opponents of such research might feel differently if a member of their own families needed a medical treatment that had been developed through the use of animal experimentation. Personally, I agree with the banning of animal testing for non-medical products, but I feel that it may be a necessary evil where new drugs and medical procedures are concerned.In conclusion, it seems to me that it would be wrong to ban testing on animals for vital medical research until equally effective alternatives have been developed.(270 words, band 9)6.政府是否应该支持艺术工作者Some people think that governments should give financial support to creative artists such as painters and musicians. Others believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.People have different views about the funding of creative artists. While some people disagree with the idea of government support for artists, I believe that money for art projects should come from both governments and other sources. Some art projects definitely require help from the state. In the UK, there are many works of art in public spaces, such as streets or squares in city centres. In Liverpool, for example, there are several new statues and sculptures in the docks area of the city, which has been redeveloped recently. These artworks represent culture, heritage and history. They serve to educate people about the city, and act as landmarks or talking points for visitors and tourists. Governments and local councils should pay creative artists to produce this kind of art, because without their funding our cities would be much less interesting and attractive.On the other hand, I can understand the arguments against government funding for art. The main reason for this view is that governments have more important concerns. For example, state budgets need to be spent on education, healthcare, infrastructure and security, among other areas. These public services are vital for a country to function properly, whereas the work of creative artists, even in public places, is a luxury. Another reason for this opinion is that artists do a job like any other professional, and they should therefore earn their own money by selling their work.In conclusion, there are good reasons why artists should rely on alternative sources of financial support, but in my opinion government help is sometimes necessary.7.青少年是否应该无偿为社区工作Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the individual teenager and society as a whole. Do you agree or disagree? Many young people work on a volunteer basis, and this can only be beneficial for both the individual and society as a whole. However, I do not agree that we should therefore force all teenagers to do unpaid work.Most young people are already under enough pressure with their studies, without being given the added responsibility of working in their spare time. School is just as demanding as a full-time job, and teachers expect their students to do homework and exam revision on top of attending lessons every day. When young people do have some free time, we should encourage them to enjoy it with their friends or to spend it doing sports and other leisure activities. They have many years of work ahead of them when they finish their studies.At the same time, I do not believe that society has anything to gain from obliging young people to do unpaid work. In fact, I would argue that it goes against the values of a free and fair society to force a group of people to do something against their will. Doing this can only lead to resentment amongst young people, who would feel that they were being used, and parents, who would not want to be told how to raise their children. Currently, nobody is forced to volunteer, and this is surely the best system.In conclusion, teenagers may choose to work for free and help others, but in my opinion we should not make this compulsory.(250 words, band 9)8.我们为什么需要音乐There are many different types of music in the world today. Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays?It is true that a rich variety of musical styles can be found around the world. Music is a vital part of all human cultures for a range of reasons, and I would argue that traditional music is more important than modern, international music.Music is something that accompanies all of us throughout our lives. As children, we are taught songs by our parents and teachers as a means of learning language, or simply as a form of enjoyment. Children delight in singing with others, and it would appear that the act of singing in a group creates a connection between participants, regardless of their age. Later in life, people’s musical preferences develop, and we come to see our favourite songs as part of our life stories. Music both expresses and arouses emotions in a way that words alone cannot. In short, it is difficult to imagine life without it.In my opinion, traditional music should be valued over the international music that has become so popular. International pop music is often catchy and fun, but it is essentially a commercial product that is marketed and sold by business people. Traditional music, by contrast, expresses the culture, customs and history of a country. Traditional styles, such as ...(example)..., connect us to the past and form part of our cultural identity. It would be a real pity if pop music became so predominant that these national styles disappeared.In conclusion, music is a necessary part of human existence, and I believe that traditional music should be given more importance than international music. (261 words, band 9)9.电脑游戏是好还是坏呢Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that videos games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits?Many people, and children in particular, enjoy playing computer games. While I accept that these games can sometimes have a positive effect on the user, I believe that they are more likely to have a harmful impact.On the one hand, video games can be both entertaining and educational. Users, or gamers, are transported into virtual worlds which are often more exciting and engaging than real-life pastimes. From an educational perspective, these games encourage imagination and creativity, as well as concentration, logical thinking and problem solving, all of which are useful skills outside the gaming context. Furthermore, it has been shown that computer simulation games can improve users’ motor skills and help to prepare them for re al-world tasks, such as flying a plane.However, I would argue that these benefits are outweighed by the drawbacks. Gaming can be highly addictive because users are constantly given scores, new targets and frequent rewards to keep them playing. Many children now spend hours each day trying to progress through the levels of a game or to get a higher score than their friends. This type of addiction can have effects ranging from lack of sleep to problems at school, when homework is sacrificed for a few more hours on the computer or console. The rise in obesity in recent years has also been linked in part to the sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise that often accompany gaming addiction.In conclusion, it seems to me that the potential dangers of video games are more significant than the possible benefits.(258 words, band 9)10.平均寿命变长的原因和应对方法In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems. As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, several related problems can be anticipated. The main issue is that there will obviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension. The proportion of younger, working adults will be smaller, and governments will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the population. In other words, an ageing population will mean a greater tax burden for working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demand for healthcare, and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives.There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this age tend to be healthy enough to continue a productive working life. A second measure would be for governments to encourage immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from national budgets will need to be taken from other areas and spent on vital healthcare, accommodation and transport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens.In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.(265 words, band 9)11.我们应该只关心自己的国家吗We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help, so we should only be concerned with our own communities and countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?Some people believe that we should not help people in other countries as long as there are problems in our own society. I disagree with this view because I believe that we should try to help as many people as possible.On the one hand, I accept that it is important to help our neighbours and fellow citizens. In most communities there are people who are impoverished or disadvantaged in some way. It is possible to find homeless people, for example, in even the wealthiest of cities, and for those who are concerned about this problem, there are usually opportunities to volunteer time or give money to support these people. In the UK, people can help in a variety of ways, from donating clothing to serving free food in a soup kitchen. As the problems are on our doorstep, and there are obvious ways to help, I can understand why some people feel that we should prioritise local charity.At the same time, I believe that we have an obligation to help those who live beyond our national borders. In some countries the problems that people face are much more serious than those in our own communities, and it is often even easier to help. For example, when children are dying from curable diseases in African countries, governments and individuals in richer countries can save lives simply by paying for vaccines that already exist. A small donation to an international charity might have a much greater impact than helping in our local area.In conclusion, it is true that we cannot help everyone, but in my opinion national boundaries should not stop us from helping those who are in need. (280 words, band 9)12.科技是如何影响人们的日常交流的Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development?It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people. Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both positive and negative effects.Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life. Firstly, telephones and the Internet allow business people in different countries to interact without ever meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take video lessons with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their computers rather than face to face.On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive. Cooperation between people in different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written letters or telegrams. Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good as face-to-face meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social contexts. On the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also have the result of isolating people and discouraging real interaction. For example, many young people choose to make friends online rather than mixing with their peers in the real world, and these ‘virtual’ relationships are a poor substitute for real friendships.In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people, but not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive.13.兴趣爱好应该是很困难的Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a challenge. Personally, I believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I therefore disagree with the statement that hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable.On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy for most people is swimming. This hobby requires very little equipment, it is simple to learn, and it is inexpensive. I remember learning to swim at my local swimming pool when I was a child, and it never felt like a demanding or challenging experience. Another hobby that I find easy and fun is photography. In my opinion, anyone can take interesting pictures without knowing too much about the technicalities of operating a camera. Despite being straightforward, taking photos is a satisfying activity.On the other hand, difficult hobbies can sometimes be more exciting. If an activity is more challenging, we might feel a greater sense of satisfaction when we manage to do it successfully. For example, film editing is a hobby that requires a high level of knowledge and expertise. In my case, it took me around two years before I became competent at this activity, but now I enjoy it much more than I did when I started. I believe that many hobbies give us more pleasure when we reach a higher level of performance because the results are better and the feeling of achievement is greater.In conclusion, simple hobbies can be fun and relaxing, but difficult hobbies can be equally pleasurable for different reasons.14.平等社会和个人成就之间的关系In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship between equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals can achieve more in egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of personal achievement are possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail according to their individual merits. What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?In my opinion, an egalitarian society is one in which everyone has the same rights and the same opportunities. I completely agree that people can achieve more in this kind of society.Education is an important factor with regard to personal success in life. I believe that all children should have access to free schooling, and higher education should be either free or affordable for all those who chose to pursue a university degree. In a society without free schooling or affordable higher education, only children and young adults from wealthier families would have access to the best learning opportunities, and they would therefore be better prepared for the job market. This kind of inequality would ensure the success of some but harm the prospects of others.I would argue that equal rights and opportunities are not in conflict with people’s freedom to succeed or fail. In other words, equality does not mean that people lose their motivation to succeed, or that they are not allowed to fail. On the contrary, I believe that most people would feel more motivated to work hard and reach their potential if they thought that they lived in a fair society. Those who did not make the same effort would know that they had wasted their opportunity. Inequality, on the other hand, would be more likely to demotivate people because they would know that the odds of success were stacked in favour of those from privileged backgrounds.In conclusion, it seems to me that there is a positive relationship between equality and personal success.(260 words)15.大学每个科目的男生女生数量应该相等Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?In my opinion, men and women should have the same educational opportunities. However, I do not agree with the idea of accepting equal proportions of each gender in every university subject.Having the same number of men and women on all degree courses is simply unrealistic. Student numbers on any course depend on the applications that the institution receives. If a university decided to fill courses with equal numbers of males and females, it would need enough applicants of each gender. In reality, many courses are more popular with one gender than the other, and it would not be practical to aim for equal proportions. For example, nursing courses tend to attract more female applicants, and it would be difficult to fill these courses if fifty per cent of the places needed to go to males.Apart from the practical concerns expressed above, I also believe that it would be unfair to base admission to university courses on gender. Universities should continue to select the best candidates for each course according to their qualifications. In this way, both men and women have the same opportunities, and applicants know that they will be successful if they work hard to achieve good grades at school. If a female student is the best candidate for a place on a course, it is surely wrong to reject her in favour of a male student with lower grades or fewer qualifications.In conclusion, the selection of university students should be based on merit, and it would be both impractical and unfair to change to a selection procedure based on gender.(265 words, band 9)。

雅思写作范文：运动员高薪是否合理

雅思写作范文：运动员高薪是否合理本文整理了雅思写作考官9分范文：运动员高薪是否合理供大家参考使用，预祝各位考生在雅思写作考试中取得优异的成绩!雅思写作范文：运动员高薪是否合理You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant e某amples from your own knowledge or e某perience.Write at least 250 words.考官范文：As a result of constant media attention, sportsprofessionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live e某travagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of topsurgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform. in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of thesefactors may justify the huge earnings. Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.鄙人拙译：在媒体不断地推波助澜下，我国的许多职业运动员已成为了明星和名人。

剑桥雅思考官范文集

TEST 2 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSEROverall, I disagree with the opinion expressed. I would like to begin by pointing out that‘traditional skills and ways of life’ are not automatically of one country, but of a culture or community.In many ways, the history of civilisation is the history of technology: from the discovery of fire to the invention of the wheel to the development of the Internet, we have been moving from previous ways of doing things. Some technologies, such as weapons of mass destruction, are of negative impact. Others, such as medical advances, positively help people to live better or longer, and so very much help traditional ways of life. Surely, few people would seek to preserve such traditions as living in caves.Interestingly, technology can positively contribute to the keeping alive of traditional skills and ways of life. For example, the populations of islands are too small to have normal schools. Rather than breaking up families by sending children to mainland, education authorities have been able to use the Internet to deliver schooling online. In addition, the Internet, and modern refrigeration techniques, are being used to keep alive the traditional skills of producing salmon; it can now be ordered from, and delivered to, anywhere in the world.In conclusion, without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good, I think it is by no means ‘pointless’, in any way, to try to keep traditions alive with technology. We should not ignore technology, because it can be our friend and support our way of life.251 words表态+论述科技与传统TEST 3 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience,important for learning and taking responsibility.What are your opinions on this?You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERThe issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one. It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is wrong or valuable. Opinions will also differ as to learning benefits; no doubt teachers and factory owners, for example, would have varying concerns.An important consideration is the king of work undertaken. Young children doing arduous and repetitive tasks on a factory production line, for example, are less likely to be “learning” than older children helping in an old people’s home. There are health and safety issues to be considered as well. It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged.However, in many countries children work because their families need the additional income, no matter how small. This was certainly the case in the past in many industrialized countries, and it is very difficult to judge that it is wrong for children today to contribute to the family income in this way.Nevertheless, in better economic circumstances, few parents would choose to send their children out to full-time paid work. If learning responsibilities and work experience are considered to be important, then children can acquire these by having light, part-time jobs or even doing tasks such as helping their parents around the family home, which are unpaid, but undoubtedly of value in children’s development.251 words表态+论述教育TEST 2 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERHappiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to happiness.Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving, it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know that what makes him or her happy.Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.Overall, I think an ability we keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things etc.).Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think there are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.259 words新题型抽象话题TEST 4 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERPoor student behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard living comes from.When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parent did.Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat this situation. But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them do this, and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.255 words问题原因措施教育GENERAL TRAININGTEST B WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible.What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERIn many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parent work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger.While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development, or to a child’s relationship with his or her parents, in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.Firstly, a child will learn to interact with a lot of different people and some children learn to communicate very early because of this. They are generally more confident and independent than children who stay at home with their parents and who are not used to strangers or new situations. Such children find their first day at school very frightening and this may have a negative effect on how they learn.Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially. They make friends and learn how to get on with other children of a similar age. This is often not possible at home because they are the only child, or because their brothers or sisters are older or younger.So overall, I believe that, attending school from a young age is good for most children. They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents, so they can benefit from both environments.257 words列举优点（比较优缺点）教育TEST 2 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERIt is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. This trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.291 words讨论教育TEST 4 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Which do you consider to be the major influence?You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERToday the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual's life. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person's life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situation and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops. If this were not true, we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment they were born.In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.249 words表态+论述抽象话题TEST 2 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERAs a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movies stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.250 words讨论社会TEST 4 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change.Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSEROver the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life, and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace with it.Those people who believe they have achieved some security by doing the same, familiar things are living in denial. Even when people believe they are resisting change themselves, they cannot stop the world around them from changing. Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no longer exist, or that the ‘safe’ patterns of behaviour are no longer appropriate.However, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that‘change is always for the better’. Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the majority of people. A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as in working conditions or property developments) that are in their own interests.In conclusion, I would say that change can be stimulating and energising for individuals when they pursue it themselves, but that all change, including that which is imposed on people, does not necessarily have good outcomes.261 words讨论抽象话题TEST 1 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instancefor sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that anychild can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ownknowledge or experience.MODEL ANSWERThe relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music.Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music. So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players. In other words, there is more to the skill than a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher or how frequently a child practices.I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably inherited via their genes. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level. But, as with all questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually exclusive. Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good training and natural talent. Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required.281 words讨论教育TEST 3 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is animportant element of individual well-being.What factors contribute to job satisfaction?How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?You should write at least 250 words.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.MODEL ANSERNowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. So feelings about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important for the wellbeing of that person.Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in his respect. A sense of fulfillment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to the society or the economy as a whole. Secondly, when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities, for example, then there is a sense of progress and purpose that rewards a worker. They are improving or developing their skills. The sense of belonging to a team or a working community also contributes to job satisfaction because colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives. Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and the loyal to a team.Of course not everyone enjoys their work. Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get. In some cases an employee is working in a job that suits neither their skills nor their personality. Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labour relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.However, even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job. If the factors identified above are implemented, then any job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of job satisfaction.312 words新题型社会TEST 1 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members ofsociety. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ownknowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.MODEL ANSWERA child’s education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society. Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone.In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values. Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society.264 words讨论教育TEST 3 WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollutionproblems.To what extent do you agree or disagree?What other measures do you think might be effective?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ownknowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.MODEL ANSWERThere is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems.I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities. However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the types of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport service available to travellers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train system were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reduction would depend on educating public to use public transport more, and on government using public money to construct and run efficient systems.283 words表态＋论述＋措施社会TEST B WRITING TASK 2 (General Training)You should spend about 40 minutes on this taskWrite about the following topic:Some people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools. Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools.Discuss both these views and give your opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.MODEL ANSERSome countries have single-sex education models, while in others both single sex and mixed schools co-exist and it is up to the parents or the children to decide which model is preferable.Some educationalists think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies. This is probably true to some extent. It also allows more equality among pupils and gives more opportunity to all those at school to choose subjects more freely without gender prejudice. For example, a much higher proportion of girls study science to a high level when they attend girls schools than their counterparts in mixed schools do. Similarly, boys in single-sex schools are more likely to take cookery classes and to study languages, which are often thought of as traditional subjects for girls. On the other hand, some experts would argue that mixed schools prepare their pupils better for their future lives. Girls and boys learn to live and work together from an early age and are consequently not emotionally underdeveloped in their relations with the opposite sex. They are also able to learn from each other, and to experience different types of skill and talent than might be evident in a single gender environment.Personally, I think that there are advantages to both systems. I went to a mixed school, but feel that I myself missed the opportunity to specialise in science because it was seen as a natural domain and career path for boys when I was a girl. So because of that, I would have preferred to go to a girls school. But hopefully, times have changed and both genders of student can have equal chance to study what they want to in whichever type of school they attend.304 words讨论教育。

雅思小作文考官范文(精选6篇)

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文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、工作计划、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、句子大全、作文大全、诗词歌赋、教案资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, contract agreements, doctrinal documents, planning plans, complete sentences, complete compositions, poems, songs, teaching materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!雅思小作文考官范文(精选6篇)雅思小作文考官范文第1篇第一段：复述文章主题+引出论点典型的大作文文章开篇，中规中矩，不失为实战中最好用也是最稳妥的写法。

雅思写作大作文范文雅思写作同意与否 festival meaning节日含义.doc

雅思写作大作文范文雅思写作同意与否 festival meaning节日含义今天我们雅思写作大作文范文的文章来研究下节日背后的含义。

对于许多年轻人来说，提到中秋节或者清明节，更多想到的是会有三天的假期，而不是跟家人团聚或者祭拜先祖。

事实上，节日原本的意义似乎离我们越来越远，人们在这期间主要是尽情地玩耍，放纵自己。

同时商家也把它们看作是促销的绝佳时机。

那么，这是否意味着我们已经遗忘了这些节日存在的意义呢？小编搜集了一篇考官范文，以供大家参考。

雅思写作传统与现代类话题思路总结，了解更多切入点与论述方式雅思写作大作文题目Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional or religious festivals; during festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy themselves. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?大多数人已经忘记了传统节日或者宗教节日背后的含义。

在节日期间，现在的人们只是想着娱乐。

你在多大程度上同意或者不同意这一说法？雅思写作大作文范文Some people argue that we no longer remember the original meaning of festivals, and that most of us treat them as opportunities to have fun. While I agree that enjoyment seems to be the priority during festival times, I do not agree that people have forgotten what these festivals mean.一些人认为我们已经不记得节日最初的含义，并且大多数人都把它们当作是娱乐的机会。

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Wednesday, August 01, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'discussion' introductionLast week we looked at a 'problem and solution' introduction. Today I'll use the same technique (2 sentences: topic + basic answer) to write a 'discussion and opinion' introduction.Here's a question (from Cambridge IELTS 6):Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Here's my 2-sentence introduction:It is true that sports stars often earn huge salaries. While there are some good reasons why this is the case, I personally believe that it is wrong for these people to be paid more than other professionals.Wednesday, July 25, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: problem & solution introductionMy advice for task 2 introductions is to write them very quickly. Just write 2 sentences: one to introduce the topic, and one to give a basic answer. Let's look at how to do this for a "problem and solution" question:The number of plants and animals is declining. Describe some reasons for this problem and suggest some solutions.Here's my introduction:It is undeniable that wildlife habitats are being destroyed and whole species of plants and animals are disappearing. There are several causes of this alarming trend, but measures could certainly be taken to tackle the problem.Note:In the second sentence you don't need to give any causes or solutions; save your ideas for the main paragraphs.Wednesday, July 18, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: idea and paragraphMy students and I followed the advice in last week's lesson to write a paragraph for the topic below.The number of plants and animals is declining. Describe the problem and suggest some solutions.Ideas for describing the problem:∙over-farming, land needed for crops and animals∙cutting down trees destroys natural habitats, animals become extinct∙industrial waste in rivers, sea∙chemicals kill fish and plants, interrupt natural cycles / food chainIt seemed that we had 2 main ideas, so we wrote a 2-idea paragraph:There are two main reasons why plants and animals are disappearing. Firstly, in many parts of the world trees are being cut down to make way for farmland on which to grow crops and keepanimals. The result of this is that natural habitats are being destroyed, and in some cases whole species of animals are becoming extinct. Secondly, human activity is also responsible for the destruction of aquatic life as domestic and industrial waste is pumped into rivers and seas. This chemical waste kills plants and fish, interrupting natural cycles and having a devastating effect on food chains.(99 words)Wednesday, July 11, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: from ideas to paragraphI always tell my students to plan ideas for their main body paragraphs. Let's look at how to put some ideas together to make a paragraph. Here's the question:The main reason people go to work is to earn money.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Ideas for one main paragraph:∙agree that money is the main reason people work∙people look at salary first, they rarely take a salary cut∙need to live, pay bills, food etc.∙look after our families, save for the future∙otherwise, most people would probably choose not to workFull paragraph using the ideas above:I agree that the majority of people work in order to earn money. Before taking any other factors into account, it is normal to first consider the salary that a particular post offers, and it is rare to hear of a person who happily takes a cut in pay when beginning a new job. We all need money to pay for our basic necessities, such as accommodation, bills and food. Many adults also have families who depend on the wages they earn, and at the same time they are conscious of the need to save for the future. If we no longer needed money, I doubt most of us would choose to continue in our jobs.(116 words)Wednesday, July 04, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: before you start writingBefore you start writing your task 2 essay, you need to do two things:1.Plan your overall essay structure (ideally 4 paragraphs)2.Spend some time thinking of ideas for the main body paragraphsHere are two recent exam questions that you could try writing a plan for:The main reason people go to work is to earn money.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people prefer to rent a house rather than buying one. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of renting.Wednesday, June 27, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'unpaid work' essaySome people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the individualteenager and society as a whole.Do you agree or disagree?Many young people work on a volunteer basis, and this can only be beneficial for both the individual and society as a whole. However, I do not agree that we should therefore force all teenagers to do unpaid work.Most young people are already under enough pressure with their studies, without being given the added responsibility of working in their spare time. School is just as demanding as afull-time job, and teachers expect their students to do homework and exam revision on top of attending lessons every day. When young people do have some free time, we should encourage them to enjoy it with their friends or to spend it doing sports and other leisure activities. They have many years of work ahead of them when they finish their studies.At the same time, I do not believe that society has anything to gain from obliging young people to do unpaid work. In fact, I would argue that it goes against the values of a free and fair society to force a group of people to do something against their will. Doing this can only lead to resentment amongst young people, who would feel that they were being used, and parents, who would not want to be told how to raise their children. Currently, nobody is forced to volunteer, and this is surely the best system.In conclusion, teenagers may choose to work for free and help others, but in my opinion we should not make this compulsory.(250 words, band 9)Wednesday, June 20, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: completely disagreeWhen you completely agree or completely disagree with the question statement, you don't need to write about the other side of the argument. Just state your opinion and give reasons. Today I'll show you how to write a 'disagree' essay for this question:Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the individual teenager and society as a whole.Do you agree or disagree?Here's my 4-paragraph plan:1.Introduction: introduce the topic of unpaid work for teenagers, and make it clear thatyou completely disagree with the idea of requiring (forcing) young people to do this.2.First reason: explain why this idea would not benefit teenagers e.g. they are alreadybusy with school work, they should be allowed to enjoy being young, they have manyyears of work ahead of them when they finish their studies.3.Second reason: explain why this idea would not benefit society e.g. forcing youngpeople to work goes against the values of a free society, the current system ofvolunteering is better, this idea would be impossible to enforce.4.Conclusion: repeat your opinion that requiring teenagers to work benefits neither theteenagers nor society as a whole.Wednesday, June 13, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: fully respond to the questionOne of the things that the examiner will check carefully is whether or not you have fully responded to the question. Here's a question that a student sent me:Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit both the individual teenager and society as a whole.Do you agree or disagree?The student who sent me this question wrote about the advantages and disadvantages of unpaid work for teenagers, but completely forgot to mention the benefits and/or drawbacks for society as a whole.If you don't fully answer the question, it's extremely difficult to get a band 7. Wednesday, June 06, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: introduction without opinionMy normal advice for task 2 introductions is this: write two sentences - one to introduce the essay topic, and one to give a basic answer to the question. But what should you put in the second sentence (basic answer) if the question doesn't ask for your opinion?Here are two example questions:1.Many people believe that an effective public transport system is a key component of amodern city. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public transport.2.Crime rates tend to be higher in cities than in smaller towns. Explain some possiblereasons for this problem, and suggest some solutions.Here are two sample introductions:1.Officials in many cities are keen to develop efficient public transport systems. Whilepublic transport has many benefits, there are also some drawbacks which are worthconsidering.2.Cities generally experience higher levels of criminality than towns or villages. There arevarious reasons for this, but measures could be taken to tackle the problem. Hopefully you can see that it's quite easy to write an introduction for these types of question. The approach is the same (topic + basic answer) whether the question asks for your opinion or not.Wednesday, May 30, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'food technology' topicHere are some ideas for last week's topic. The ideas are adapted from the 'genetic engineering' chapter in my ebook.The range and quality of food that we can buy has changed because of technological and scientific advances. Some people regard this change as an improvement, while others believe that it is harmful.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Positives of advances in food technology:∙Farmers can produce crops that grow bigger and faster.∙Genetically modified crops may be more resistant to disease or insects.∙This could be important for food production in developing countries.∙Faster growing cereals, fruit and vegetables will mean more profit.∙Foods can be modified to look perfect and last longer.∙They may be more attractive to customers.Negatives of advances in food technology:∙Many people distrust foods that have been modified or processed.∙They prefer organic foods which are produced without chemicals.∙Farming without fertilisers or pesticides is more environmentally friendly.∙There may be risks involved in the genetic engineering of foods.∙Genetically modified crops might change whole ecosystems.∙Food chains could be broken if crops are resistant to predators. Wednesday, May 23, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: the importance of planningWhen the question topic is difficult, planning becomes even more important. If you start writing your essay straight away, without preparing some ideas first, you will probably get stuck and start to panic!Take this recent exam question:The range and quality of food that we can buy has changed because of technological and scientific advances. Some people regard this change as an improvement, while others believe that it is harmful.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.I think you'll agree that this is a tricky question. My advice would be to spend about 10 minutes planning. Follow these steps before you start writing:1.Take a couple of minutes to read and understand the question.2.Decide what each of your 4 paragraphs should contain.3.Spend around 6 minutes noting down ideas for the two points of view.Click here to download an essay plan template that I use with my students. Wednesday, May 16, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: both sides or one side?Can you see the difference between the two questions below?A) Explain the positives and negatives of this development.B) Is this a positive or negative development?and these two questions:A) What are the advantages and disadvantages?B) Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?and these two questions:A) Discuss both views and give your opinion.B) To what extent do you agree or disagree?Answer:The difference is that for all of the (A) questions you must explain both sides of the argument, whereas the (B) questions can be answered by giving both sides or by supporting only one side, depending on the view that you express in your introduction.This is still the most common confusion that students ask me about. Make sure you understand the difference between the questions above; if you're still unsure, look through all of my task 2 lessons to see further advice and examples.Wednesday, May 09, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'prisons' topicIn today's lesson I'll try to explain what makes a good paragraph. We'll analyse a paragraph that I wrote with some of my students.Paragraph about the purpose of prisons:On the one hand, criminals do need to be punished in some way. A person who commits a crime must learn that unlawful actions have consequences. Prison sentences punish offenders because they lose their freedom, and are separated from family and friends. In this way, prison acts as a deterrent to make people think carefully before breaking the law. Last year in the UK, many people were given a prison sentence for rioting, and hopefully this punishment will deter them from similar behaviour in future.Analysis:∙The paragraph contains 5 sentences, with a total of 85 words. This is the kind of lengthI suggest aiming for.∙The first sentence is short and simple. We often call this type of sentence a 'topic sentence' because it introduces the topic of the paragraph.∙Sentences 2, 3 and 4 develop the main idea in a logical, step-by-step way: crime has consequences - loss of freedom is the punishment - this stops people from breakingthe law.∙Sentence 5 contains a real example.∙Remember that good vocabulary is the key to a high score. I've underlined the best words and phrases in the paragraph.Wednesday, May 02, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'university' topicThe book I mentioned in Monday's lesson (What are Universities for?) reminded me of this question from Cambridge IELTS 7:Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.What, in your opinion, should be the function of a university?Here are some ideas:∙It would probably be easiest to argue that universities should fulfil both roles (providing vocational skills and knowledge for its own sake).∙We could use examples to help us generate ideas: try to make a list of some vocational degree courses (that provide training for a specific job), and a list of courses that do not lead to a particular job.∙Write one main paragraph explaining the benefits (to the student and to society in general) of the two types of course.Wednesday, April 25, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'hobbies' essayI wrote the following essay with some of my students. We tried to keep it clear, concise and well-organised, but it's still good enough for a band 9.Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a challenge. Personally, I believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I therefore disagree with the statement that hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable.On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy for most people is swimming. This hobby requires very little equipment, it is simple to learn, and it is inexpensive. I remember learning to swim at my local swimming pool when I was a child, and it never felt like a demanding or challenging experience. Another hobby that I find easy and fun is photography. In my opinion, anyone can take interesting pictures without knowing too much about the technicalities of operating a camera. Despite being straightforward, taking photos is a satisfying activity.On the other hand, difficult hobbies can sometimes be more exciting. If an activity is more challenging, we might feel a greater sense of satisfaction when we manage to do it successfully. For example, film editing is a hobby that requires a high level of knowledge and expertise. In my case, it took me around two years before I became competent at this activity, but now I enjoy it much more than I did when I started. I believe that many hobbies give us more pleasure when we reach a higher level of performance because the results are better and the feeling of achievement is greater.In conclusion, simple hobbies can be fun and relaxing, but difficult hobbies can be equally pleasurable for different reasons.Note:Notice that we used examples as the basis of both main paragraphs. Wednesday, April 18, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'hobbies' essay planDid you try planning some ideas for last week's essay question?Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable.To what extent do you agree or disagree?When I wrote my list of hobbies, I realised that some were easy and others were difficult. As a result, I'd say that "I partly agree" with the statement.Here's my 4-paragraph essay plan:1.Introduction - write 2 sentences: introduce the topic, and give an overall answer.2.Main paragraph - about difficult hobbies. My examples: swimming, football, chess.Most sports and games are difficult, but the challenge makes them more enjoyable,especially when you can see that you are improving.3.Main paragraph - about easy hobbies. My examples: photography, reading, cinema. Inmy opinion, you do not need to be an expert to enjoy taking photos, reading books, orwatching films. I find these activities both easy and enjoyable.4.Conclusion - repeat / summarise your answer in one sentence. Wednesday, April 11, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: examples give you ideasIf you can't think of any good ideas for an essay, try thinking about some examples first. Plan your essay around the examples. Take this question:Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Use examples to give you ideas:∙Make a list of some hobbies: either your own hobbies, or some typical hobbies that you can easily write about. Label each hobby 'easy' or 'difficult'.∙Look at your list. Is there a balance between easy and difficult hobbies, or is your list one-sided? The answer to this question will give you your overall opinion.∙Finally, write down a few reasons why each hobby is easy or difficult. Is there a connection between the difficulty of the hobby and the enjoyment you get from it? Wednesday, April 04, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: question typesHere are the four types of question from last week's lesson:1.Opinion2.Discussion + opinion3.Problem + solution4.2-part questionImportant points to remember:1.An 'opinion' question asks for your view, not the views of other people, and you don'thave to give both sides of the argument. Just make your opinion clear in theintroduction, then explain it in the rest of the essay.2. A 'discussion' question requires you to write about both sides of the argument, and youshould write a similar amount for each view. If the question also asks for your opinion,you don't need an extra paragraph. Just make it clear in the introduction andconclusion which of the two views you agree with.3.Type 3 is easy. Simply write a paragraph explaining the problem(s) and a paragraphexplaining the solution(s). Some questions ask about 'causes' or 'effects': these would be part of the 'problem' paragraph.4.For type 4, just answer the two questions. Write one paragraph about each. Wednesday, March 28, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: four question typesHere are 4 questions that illustrate the different types of task 2 question. Can you name each type? Can you explain the big difference between the first and the second type?1.Some people think that the only purpose of working hard is to earn money. To whatextent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?2.Some people believe that punishment is the only purpose of prisons, while othersbelieve that prisons exist for various reasons. Discuss both views and give youropinion.3.The number of plants and animals is declining. Explain this problem and suggest somesolutions.4.Many people around the world are choosing to move to live in cities. What problems dopeople experience in big cities? Should governments encourage people to move tosmaller towns?I'll explain the differences in detail next Wednesday, but feel free to discuss your ideas in the "comments" area below.Wednesday, March 21, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: topic sentencesA good way to start a paragraph is with a short, simple sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. Teachers often call this a …topic sentence‟.I normally write my topic sentences by thinking about how many points I want to mention in the paragraph:1. If I only have one point or idea, I usually state it straight away:In my opinion, junk food is the main cause of childhood obesity.(then explain this opinion and give examples in the rest of the paragraph)2. If I have two or three points or ideas, I don’t usually mention them directly in the topic sentence:There are two main causes (or …several causes‟) of childhood obesity.(then explain using “firstly, secondly...” or something similar)Have a look through the essays that you‟ve written in the past, and compare them with some of mine. Did you begin your main paragraphs with good topic sentences? Wednesday, March 14, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: agree, disagree, or both?For 'agree or disagree' essays, do you think you should give both sides of the argument or just one side? The answer is that you can do either.A) Essay structure for one side of the argument:1.Introduction: topic + your opinion (either agree or disagree)2.First idea to support your opinion3.Second idea to support your opinion4.Conclusion: repeat your opinionB) Essay structure for giving both sides:1.Introduction: topic + say that you 'partly agree'2.On the one hand,...3.On the other hand,...4.Conclusion: repeat that you accept elements of both argumentsRemember: it's very important to get the introduction right. This tells the examiner whether you are going to give one side of the argument or both sides.Wednesday, March 07, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: firstly, secondly, finallyA few people have asked me whether using "firstly, secondly, finally" to organise a paragraph is too easy.My answer is that using easy organising language like "firstly, secondly, finally" allows you to focus on the real content of what you are writing - topic vocabulary, collocations, examples. This is what the examiner wants to see. You can get a band 9 using "firstly, secondly, finally" if the ideas between these linking words are good.Some simple alternatives to "firstly, secondly, finally" could be:∙The main reason why I believe... is... / Another argument is... / Also,...∙One problem is that... / Furthermore,... / Another drawback is that...∙From a business perspective,... / In terms of education,... / From a social point of view,... (this could work for the paragraph in last week's lesson) Wednesday, February 29, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'technology' essaySeveral people have asked me about this question from Cambridge IELTS 8. I wrote the essay below with the help of some of my students. A few simple linking features are highlighted. Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development?It is true that new technologies have had an influence on communication between people. Technology has affected relationships in various ways, and in my opinion there are both positive and negative effects.Technology has had an impact on relationships in business, education and social life. Firstly, telephones and the Internet allow business people in different countries to interact without ever meeting each other. Secondly, services like Skype create new possibilities for relationships between students and teachers. For example, a student can now take video lessons with a teacher in a different city or country. Finally, many people use social networks, like Facebook, to make new friends and find people who share common interests, and they interact through their computers rather than face to face.On the one hand, these developments can be extremely positive. Cooperation between people in different countries was much more difficult when communication was limited to written letters or telegrams. Nowadays, interactions by email, phone or video are almost as good asface-to-face meetings, and many of us benefit from these interactions, either in work or social contexts. On the other hand, the availability of new communication technologies can also have the result of isolating people and discouraging real interaction. For example, many young people choose to make friends online rather than mixing with their peers in the real world, and these …virtual‟ relationships are a poor substitute for real frie ndships.In conclusion, technology has certainly revolutionised communication between people, but not all of the outcomes of this revolution have been positive.(257 words, band 9)Posted by Simon in IELTS Writing Task 2 | Permalink | Comments (38) Wednesday, February 22, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: 'art and science' topicA student sent me this recent exam question:These days people pay more attention to artists (writers, painters and so on) and give less importance to science and technology.To what extent do you agree or disagree?This seems to me to be a perfect question for a "balanced opinion" answer (i.e. both art and science are given equal importance). However, notice that you need to disagree with the question statement in order to give this balanced response.Here's my recommended 4-paragraph essay plan:1.Introduction: we could accept that artists are popular nowadays, but disagree thatscience and technology are treated as less important.2.Main paragraph about the popularity of artists. I'd use examples as the basis for thisparagraph. If you don't know any writers or painters, you can talk about actors andmusicians.3.Main paragraph about the importance of science and technology. I'd write about thepopularity of mobile phones, computers and tablets. Maybe I'd use Steve Jobs or Bill Gates as examples of people who are famous for the technologies they created.4.Conclusion: paraphrase the argument that you presented in the introduction. Wednesday, February 15, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: introductions and conclusionsMany students waste time writing long introductions and conclusions. These two paragraphs should be short and simple; a long, complex introduction or conclusion will not give you a high score.Just make your introductions and conclusions quick and concise, and spend your time writing really good main body paragraphs.Here's my introduction and conclusion for the topic of my last two writing lessons: IntroductionThere are various benefits and drawbacks of books, radio and television as ways to convey information. In my view, television is definitely the most effective of these three media. ConclusionIn conclusion, although books, radio and television each have their advantages and disadvantages, it seems to me that the impact of television is greater. Wednesday, February 08, 2012IELTS Writing Task 2: books, radio, TVHere are my 'main body' paragraphs for last week's question. Notice that it's possible to put advantages and disadvantages together in the same paragraph. Also, you need to be careful not to write too much!Advantages / disadvantages of books:The main advantage of books is that they are usually considered to be reliable sources of information. People tend to refer to books when they want to research a subject in depth, and for this reason they continue to play an important role in education. On the other hand, books。