英汉惯用语对比与翻译
英汉语言对比与翻译
“It is the meaning of a message that is transferred from one language to another, and the transfer is accomplished by analyzing and then reconstructing semantic relationships.”1 “Translation can therefore be defined as the operation by which the relevant signification of linguistic signs is determined through reference to a meaning as formulated in a message, which is then fully reconstructed in the signs of another language.”2 1、2. Delisle, J. Translation: An Interpretive Approach[M]. Eng. trans, by Logan. P & Creery. M., Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1980: 3；52
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义 Nhomakorabea就保留原文句法与译文体现原作精神的问题，傅雷也有精辟的论述:“假如破坏本国文字的结构与特性，就能传达异国文字的特性而获得原作的精神，那么翻译真是太容易了。不幸那种理论非但是刻船求剑，而且结果是削足就履，两败俱伤。” 1
01
怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳：辽宁教育出版社2005:2
关于英汉语言的比喻
陈安定：英语句子好比“一串珍珠”，而汉语句子则像“一盘大小各异的珍珠，散落玉盘，闪闪发光，灿烂夺目。”1
英汉词语对比与翻译
言内意义（intralingual meaning)或语篇意义是句子成分与 句子成分之间或句与句之间的关系，它决定着行文的韵律节 奏，如何衔接连贯，达到何种修辞效果等。
“三包”：包修、包退、包换
The three guaranteed R’s: repair, replacement and refund.
三个面向：面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来
Orient/gear educational work to the needs of modernization, the world, and the future
①She can be scornful of those ②who are not tough in either performance or philosophy, ③ reserving for them her ultimate pejorative, “wet”, ④which in her lexicon is an accusation of gutlessness.
三围
bust, waist and hips vital statistics 三资企业
Chinese-foreign joint ventures, cooperative enterprises and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises或 Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China
英汉对比与翻译(全)
Examples of Negative Transfer
5、他建议我接受这个报价。 He suggested me to accept this offer . He suggested that I (should) accept this offer . He suggested my (me) accepting this offer .
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer 2. Linguistic contrast 欢迎光临 3. Contrast and translation
Causes: • analogical use of one‟s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 • scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 • unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Please translate the following:
高考英语一轮复习语法单词点对点：容易误译的英语惯用语
例三：pull sb's leg
【误译】拖后腿
【正译】开某人的玩笑，取笑某人
【例句】I thought he was pulling my leg.我认为他是在愚弄我。
例四：eat one's words
【误译】自食其言
【正译】收回前言，改正错话
【例句】Don'tbragso much. Iguaranteeyou will eat your words sooner or later.别说大话,我保证你迟早要收回前言,承认错误。
He said that no one couldbeathim, but he had to eat his words after losing several games.他说没人能打败他,可是输了几场比赛后,他只好收回自己说的话。
Tom often makes noise in the class and is really a black sheep.汤姆经常在班上吵闹，的确是个害群之马。
Dick is a Black sheep, always Bringing trouble to his family.迪克是个败家子,总给他家里招惹麻烦。
容易
例一：a busy body
【误译】忙人
【正译】爱管闲事的人
【例句】None o我们都不喜欢他，因为他爱管闲事。
例二：a black sheep
【误译】一头黑羊
【正译】害群之马
【例句】It is a smallflockthat has not a black sheep.人多必有败类。
汉英谚语的比较与翻译
汉英谚语的比较与翻译一、引言谚语是“流传于民间的简练通俗而富于意义的语句”。
汇集了人民大众集体的智慧, 经过长期的积累, 科学的概括, 艺术的操练, 以形象的比喻, 总结生活经验, 阐述人生哲理。
谚语形象鲜明生动, 内容深入浅出, 寓义意味深长, 富有思想性, 艺术性和大众性, 因此雅俗共赏, 妇孺皆知, 世代相传而影响深远, 有些已成为流传于古的至理名言, 诚如唐代大文学家韩愈说: “一言而为天下法, 一语而为百世师。
”谚语作为各民族文化的精髓, 既反映了各民族文化的共性, 又反映了其个性。
从广义上讲, 谚语在汉英两种语言中具有语义整体性, 结构稳定性和语法的不规则性的特点, 加上人类感受认识世界的手段和方法在许多方面都是相近或一些完全或基本对应的谚语。
例如: 失败是成功之母( Failure is the mother of success) ; 眼不见, 心不想(out of sight, out ofmind) 等。
但这只占谚语中极少部分, 而大量的谚语则表示出各自的文化特征, 无论是物质文化, 还是精神文化都不尽相同, 毕竟中西方都有自己悠久的历史,中、英语文化有着多方面的差异, 研究和比较其差异, 将有助于我们掌握语言的规范以及培养语言交际能力, 如果不了解其文化背景, 则翻译时必然会引起歧义; 但通过分析比较, 找出其规律, 则会使译文达到“信实, 通达, 雅致”之效果。
二、汉英谚语的比较谚语, 在我国最早出现在夏商时代, 指“在群众中间流传的固定语句, 用简单通俗的语言反映出深刻的道理。
”在语音上重视声韵, 用词上讲究凝练, 句式上注重对称,表达上力求形象, 是民族文化艺术宝库上绚丽多彩的瑰宝。
英语谚语最早见之于八世纪的古英语, 是英美等国人民的口头创作, 不仅是一种语言现象, 而且也是大不列颠文化财富的一部分, 凝集着人民群众生活和斗争的经验,反映了自然界和社会的一定规律, 也从各方面反映出大不列颠民族的生活哲理、道德、观念、行为准则和风土人情。
汉英语言比较及汉译英例句
一．中西文化、语言比较：语言是思维的载体，首先来比较中西思维方式的区别1．中国人在哲学上注重心理时空，在思维上尤其突出悟性，主张天人合一、物我交融、和谐、了然；文化求全、求圆满，对称平衡。
不注重形式论证、强调整体性的、和谐的辩证法；中国人过着一种心灵的生活（拥有悠久的历史，既有成年人的智慧，又能过着孩子般的生活，所谓赤子之心）2．而西方人：思维以逻辑、分析、线性linear为特点，是直线形的，片面掘进break-through，single-minded, 崇尚个体思维、重形式论证、注重分析。
人为万物之尺度；（对比：音乐、文学、书法、绘画、医学、哲学、直觉）中国人的心态是一种恬静如沐天恩的心境The serene and blessed mood: 富于想象力的理性；语言也是心灵的语言；心灵是纤细而敏感的，就像毛笔，难于掌握，但一旦掌握，能够得心应手，创造促美妙优雅的书画。
二．语言区别：汉语：意合（Parataxis），靠句子内部逻辑关系联系结构：无主语及主语省略很多，主动语态多、连词少，不怕重复；汉语重质、质实结劲、词语内涵丰富，文句结构流洒自如，在词语和句法组织上重意合而非形合；英语: 形合(hypotaxis), 主要靠语言本身语法手段。
多用连词、介词构建句子，非人称主语多用，被动句，主语不省略；主干结构突出，主谓机制突出，名词（尤其是抽象名词）、介词突出。
所以中国的语言也是一种心灵的语言；因此：英语好比一棵大树；汉语好比一节节竹子；红楼梦：和尚；He bought six pens, which cost him 42 yuan.When he brought them home, he found they were all used.冬天来了，春天还会远吗？前途是光明的，道路是曲折的；While the prospects are bright, the road ahead has twists and turns;has zigzags; tortous这是一项宏伟的工程，所有类似的工程与之相比都黯然失色；It is a gigantic project before which all similar projects pale significantly;典型的例子就是连词：so…. that 和when….1.What was the forbidden city in Beijing like? It wasso interesting that I went several times.北京的紫禁城是个什么地方？它是如此有趣以至我去参观了好几次；When 也不是总译成当…..时候..甚至大部分时间不译成“当……时候”有时甚至出现：“当他转过身来看见我手里握着那根上面刻着亨利.史密斯的名字的旧鱼竿的时候….”这样的怪句子；2．汉语：远看山有色，近听水无声，春去花还在，人来鸟不惊；英语：When you look afar, the mountains are green and clear;But no sound of stream is heard when listening near.The flowers remain in full bloom when spring’s away,A human being’s approach the bird doesn’t fray.汉语是婴儿语言；（1）隐含条件从句的意合早知今日，何必当初；If I had known it would come to this, I would have acted differently.（2）隐含结果从句的意合；He spoke so rapidly that we could not clearly understand him.他说得太快，我们不能理解他的意思；It was so cold that the river froze.天气寒冷，河水都结冰了；It couldn’t make out who he was as I only saw his back;我只见到他的背影，认不清是谁；（3）隐含转折的意合：江山易改，本性难移；It is easy to change rivers and mountains but hard to change a person’s nature.三．英汉两种语言句型具体区别及翻译中的应用：核心区别：汉语：并列型coordination, 表面上是没有主次之分的；英语：从属型subordination，一定是有主次之分的；Eg.7 将国有企业提供社会保障待遇与雇佣关系脱钩，这将有助于使国企经理在作出商业决策时不用考虑政府对社会问题的顾虑，同时还可使员工在调动工作不用担心失去社会福利待遇，这就能够提高劳动力的流动性。
英汉语言对比及翻译作业
英汉语言对照与翻译作业1.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressedso clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does notoccur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.翻译：以为自己的思想高深，不行能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念想。
这样的作家产然不会想到，问题仍是出在自己脑子缺少精准思虑的能力。
2. He had a disconcerting habitof expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个见解，自相矛盾，变化无常。
3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of MissPinkerton ’ s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness,driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译： (当时 )这个世纪刚过了十几年。
(完整版)中英习语谚语等对比
英汉语成语、习语、俗语的比较与翻译Lead up:The Pure Brightness Day; All Soul s’Day; The Clear-and-Bright Feast; the Rainy Season of Spring; the Tomb-visiting Day; The Mourning Day吴钧陶译 The Pure Brightness DayIt drizzles thick on the Pure Brightness Day;I travel with my heart lost in dismay.Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?He points at Apricot Bloom Village far away.杨宪益、戴乃迭译：In the Rainy Season of SpringIt drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.许渊冲译 The Mourning DayA drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apricot flowers.一．例句1.to kill two birds with one stone2.to flog a dead horse；do sth in vain; make futile efforts鞭打死马；白费力气3. a drop in a bucket 沧海一粟；太仓一粟；九牛一毛；微不足道；微乎其微；不足挂齿4.to teach a pig to play on a flute 教猪吹笛；对牛弹琴；5.过街老鼠（直译）like a rat crossing the street(意译) the object of universal condemnation; a bad man hated by everybody6.门庭若市(直译) the courtyard is like a market.（意译）a much visited house; a busy town; bustling; crowded7.望梅止渴（直译）to gaze at plums to quench one’s thirst（意译）to console oneself with false hopes; to feed on fancies (illusion); imagined satisfaction; a Barmecide （《一千零一夜》中一个口惠而实不至的人物）feast.8.危如累卵（直译）as dangerous as a pile of eggs（意译）hazardous in the extreme; great insecurity; in a precarious condition; at stake, at risk; at hazard; in peril; in danger; perilous; risky; critical...9. A nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse.（直译）点头也好，眨眼也好，示意盲马，同样无效。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英汉惯用语对比与翻译
英汉惯用语对比与翻译
随着世界经济的融合，英语已被越来越多的人所接受和熟知。
然而，精通英文并不意味着
精通英汉传统习惯用语。
英语和中文都含有可以表达他们社会骨子里的想法和观念的句子。
以下是一些英汉惯用语的对比与翻译：
一个例子是“秋水伊人”英语的翻译是“a sight for sore eyes”，相当于中文的“视之惊喜”，都
可以表达出来看到那个人使你非常高兴的意思。
另一个例子是“脱颖而出”，英语翻译是“stand out from the crowd”,相当于中文的“脱颖而出”，表示在众多候选者中，我们一个出类拔萃。
再如，一个叫做“放鸽子”的通病，其英文译词是“to cop out”，相当于中文名为“放鸽子”，
指找借口逃避责任。
此外，我们可以找到一个英文叫“小人得志”的惯用语，其中文的意思是“小人得志”，表示
小人做了坏事，却拥有了自己不应有的好处。
最后，有一句话“转危为安”，英文翻译是“turn danger into safety”，对应中文“转危为安”，
意思是从危险中迅速转到安全的境地。
总而言之，英汉惯用语的对比与翻译有着巨大的价值，它们为我们提供了很多的思想经典的表达方式，让我们更加清楚英汉之间的差异，进而更好地运用双方的语言来表达深层的
或有限的思想。