语料库课程论文

Term paper for Corpus Linguistics and EFL Teaching1. Item investigatedDistinguishing LOOK, SEE and WA TCH with corpus evidence2. DataLOB (Z:\EC\LOB\)3. Corpus tools usedAntConc 3.4.4 (Laurence Anthony, 2014)(concordance, collocates)4. Findings4.1 Colligation patternsIn 194 concordance lines AntConc generated from LOB, the colligation patterns of SEE as a verb can be summarized as follows:(1) sb + SEE+(a/an/the) sth / sbThis pattern is used to emphasize the result of seeing. For example,to see the new musicalto see a clear realizationI see an aeroplanehim down there to see me(2) sb + SEE + sb+ do/doingWe see him swimming(3) sb + SEE + a clauseand see what he says beforeto see that their children haveto see how the persistentIn 99 concordance lines AntConc generated from LOB, there are 23 hints in which DEMAND is used as noun, and in the rest 76 hints, LOOK is used as a verb. the colligation patterns of LOOKas a verb can be summarized as follows:1) LOOK + prep（at/after/for/in. etc.）This pattern is used to emphasize the movement of seeing. For example,Take a good look at the namesefforts to look for an absolute2) LOOK + adj [as linking verb]Susan Small look well at3) LOOK + advbut they look uncommonlyhe looked hopefully4) LOOK + sth [as an intransitive verb]Mel looked every inch as good'Look! Grey squirrels didIn 173 concordance lines AntConc generated from LOB, the colligation patterns of W ATCH asa verb can be summarized as follows:1) WATCH + sth [as an intransitive verb]This pattern is used to emphasize the process of seeing. For example,To watch Christmas browsingHospital to watch operationsAnd watched the empty corridor2) WATCH + sb + doing/doand watch him shoeing a horseDiana watched her aunt presiding behind theHe watched her goHe watched her walk to the door3) WATCH + a clausehad to watch where I put my feet in case I fell.Watch that little tin thing4) WATCH + for [W ATCH as a transitive verb].This pattern usually means waiting for and be careful. For example,To watch for the prison flagAnd watched for the flight4.2 Collocates4.2.1 The collocates of SEE from 2L to 2R were identified by AntConc and are listed in the table below. The total frequencies of the collocates as well as their frequencies on the left and right context of SEE are also reported.As seen from the table, SEE most frequently collocates with function words, such as “we, to, he, you, the, a, in, it”. Pronouns such as “we, you” have higher frequencies on the left context than on the right. It does seem to collocate with content words. In term of the use of prepositions, “to” has the highest frequency “to SEE”, because“to” more often appears on the left of SEE as infinitive “to”.4.2.2. Through the identification of Antconc, collocates of LOOK from 2L to 2R are listed as below.As seen from the chart, LOOK also mostly collocates with function words like “the, a, at, to, like, for, and, as”. It does not seem to collocate with content words. In term of the use of prepositions, “at” has a higher frequency than other prep, “LOOK at” often used than “look for” and “look like” in LOB. And “to” more often appears on the left of LOOK as infinitive “to”.2.2.3. Through the identification of Antconc, collocates of WATCH from 2L to 2R are listed as below.As seen from the table, WATCH most frequently collocates with function words, such as “she, to, and, the, as”. Pronouns such as “he, she” have higher frequencies on the left context than on the right. This suggests that the pronouns are used more often in the pattern “sb.WA TCH” than in “WA TCH sb.”In term of the use of prepositions, “to”has the highest frequency “to WATCH”,because “to”more often appears on the left of WATCH as infinitive “to”.5. Implications for teachingSEE, LOOK and WATCH as verb is an expression of seeing. It’s particularly useful in conversation. However, it does seem to appear often in textbooks. It is often used by Chinese students too. However, when students come across these verbs, guidance and instruction is probably necessary for them to understand and master the form, the meaning as well as the use of it. It is especially important to explain to the students about the difference of these verbs, so that the students are aware of when and where to use it appropriately.When teaching, the teachers can make use of native speaker corpora, as important complementary materials to the textbooks. Examples from corpora can be used to help the students notice the authentic use of these verbs and acquire it. In addition, teachers can consciously use these verbs in class after it is introduced so that the students have a deeper and more vivid impression of it.Word count: 1043References①何安平语料库辅助英语教学入门[M], 北京；外语教学与研究出版社，2012Appendix:Grammar words – see, look and watch1. Look at the lines and find the groups:1) See sb do/doing sth2)Look+ prep（at/after/for/in. etc.）3)Watch + sth [as an intransitive verb]Can you find any useful expressions? Underline them2. fill in each brank with see, look or watch1. If he only cared to ___, he’d see what I am doing.2. He stood on the shore ___ the sea and hoping to ___ the boat. But as he had left his glasses behind, he couldn’t see anything no matter how hard he __.3. Now __ yourself in the mirror, and you __ the dirt in your cheek.4. The following evening they went to __ the prizefight. They __ the skillful movements of the boxers with great interest.。