英语精读 考试答案

L1 1.Poverty being caused in the bed meant that the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration.

===Since poverty was caused by overproduction of children, the rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.

2In the course of the present century, however, Social Darwinism came to be considered a bit too cruel.

===People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose the treasured.

3It is then argued that the government is inherently incompetent, except as regards weapons design and procurement and the overall management of the Pentagon.

===they pointed out the government is incapable except on designing and purchasing of weapons and on the overall management of the Pentagon.

4Being incompetent and ineffective, it must not be asked to succor the poor; it will only louse things up or make things worse.

===since the government is incapable and inefficient , it should not been asked to undertake the task of aiding the poor. Otherwise, it will make a mess of the job or make the situation worse.

5Finally, when all else fails, we resort to simple psychological denial.

===when all the formulas are in vain, we just simply give a blind eye to the poverty.

6This is a psychic tendency that in various manifestations is common to us all.

===we all have the tendency to close our eyes to unpleasant things or refuse to think about them .this tendency may take different forms.

L2、1As we drove off, Arcadia with its dirt streets and free-roaming cattle, its barns and outhouses,

looked liked a metropolis.

===at the turn of the last century, compared

with the unsettled areas the author’s family later

lived in, Arcadia seemed almost like a major city.

1My father and grandmother had delivered her

without mishap.

===my little sister was cared by my father and

grandmother so well that she got no illness.

L5 1.the national rejection of dogmatic

preconceptions about the nature of the social and

economic order.

==as a nation ,America has refused to cling to certain

rigid principles concerning social and economic

development .America has been adaptable and

flexible.

2Nor can one suggest that Americans have been

consistently immune to the ideological temptation

==no one can say that Americans have never been

tempted by the approach of understanding, preserving

or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas.

3and any intellect so shaped was bound to have

certain vulnerability to secular ideology ever after.

==A mind influenced by Calvinist theology would

surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other

temptations to ideological thinking.

4Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid of

abstractions than ideology is wholly devoid of

experience

==Abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as

experience has a role in ideology.

5As an ideologist, however, Jefferson is today remote

—a figure not of present concern but of historical

curiosity.

==as a man following a fixed set of beliefs ,Jefferson

is only an interesting historical figure.

6whose central dogma is confided to the custody of

an infallible priesthood

==His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to

present reality,the essence of the theoretical system is

put in hands of a small group of people who can

never go wrong.

7where free men may find partial truths,but where no

mortal man will ever get an absolute grip on Absolute

Truth

==in the universe a person whose mind is

unconstrained may be able to discover relative truths

but no man on earth can claim that he has already

grasped the one and only Truth.

8But ideology is a drug; no matter how much it is

exposed by experience, the craving for it still persists.

==Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic.In

spite of the fact that it has been proven wrong many

times by experience,people still long to commit

themselves to ideology.

9 the only certainty in an absolute system is the

certainty of absolute abuse.

==the only thing that is sure of a despotic system is

its unrestricted exercise of power.

10The distinctive human triumph, in their judgment,

lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human

striving but to strive nonetheless.

==the most outstanding achievement of humanity is

they know that no matter how hard they try ,they

cannot achieve Absolute Truth,yet they continue to

make great efforts and refuse to give up.

英翻汉

1、The American experience was unique in a number

of ways.

美国的经验在许多方面都是独特的。

2、The country was blessed by notable advantages—

above all, by the fact that population and resources

was obviously not the only factor in American

development

这个国家有着得天独厚的优势--主要是人口相对稀

少而资源十分丰富。

3、It arose originally from a philosophical rather

than an economic commitment

它源于对四项原则的信仰，而不是出于经济利益的

追求。

4、We have found no better way than democracy to

fulfill man’s talents and release his energies.

我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能

量得以充分发挥的最好方式。

5、In the record of this conflict, ideology has

attracted some of the strongest intelligences mankind

has produced

在意识形态体系与经验主义斗争的历史上，意识形

态体系曾吸收了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物

6、In its finest hours, the Unite States has, so to

.

speak, risen above ideology.

在她处于最佳时期时，美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系。

7、that government was best which governed least; 政府管得越少越好

8、Indeed, the whole ideological enterprise contradicted Jefferson’s temper, which was basically flexible and experimental

说实在的，杰斐逊医生在意识形态体系上所做的努力与他的性格是相矛盾的。他的性格特征基本上是灵活的，从经验出发的。

9、Indeed, I would suggest that we might well banish some overloaded words from intellectual discourse

我甚至建议在思想界和学术界的讨论中摒弃某些用滥了的词汇。这些词语只能是头脑发热，而不会给人以智慧的光芒。

10、Free men know many truths, but the doubt whether any mortal man knows the Truth.

自由人掌握许多具体的真理，但他们认为没有一个凡人能够掌握绝对真理。

L7、1.for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.

==As a result of technological development,human beings now have the power to put an end to poverty and human misery,but at the same time they also possess the power to destroy the whole world,rendering it uninhabitable and lifeless.

2Unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights.

==we do not want to see or to allow the slow destruction of those human rights.

3To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery ,we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves.

==To the people of the underdeveloped countries living in poverty in rural areas ,we are committed to helping them to rid themselves of mass poverty by their own efforts.

4But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile power.

==But we should not let any Communist power take advantage of this alliance for progress too expand its influence. 5And let every other power know that this

hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own

house.

==We want to make clear to the Communist powers

that Americans are the Americans of the

Americans.do not attempt to penetrate into this area.

6Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by

science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental

self-destruction.

==before the world is destroyed by a nuclear war

launched in a preemptive attack or caused by

accident.

7Yet both racing to alter the uncertain balance of

terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war.

==yet both sides attempt to get an edge in the unclear

arms race so as to break the mutual deterrence which

has so far prevented the outbreak of a nuclear war.

8Civility is not a sign of weakness ,and sincerity is

always subject to proof.

==To be ready to negotiate and establish friendly

relations does not mean that we are weak or

afraid.Declarations of sincere intention have to be

tested by actions.

9Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science

instead of its terrors.

==let the two sides use the fruits of science for the

benefit of humanity rather than using high-tech

weapons to kill and destroy.

10Each generation of American has been summoned

to give testimony to its national loyalty.

==there have been occasions for each generation of

Americans to be called upon to fight and die for their

country.

英翻中

1、we observe today not a victory of party but a

celebration of freedom---symbolizing an end as well

as a beginning---signifying renewal as well as

change.

我们今天庆祝的不是党派的胜利而是自由的选择

---象征着一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开始---

意味着延续与变化。

2、United,there is little we cannot do in a host of

cooperative ventures .divided,there is little we can

do--for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds

and split asunder.

如果我们团结一致，我们在一系列共同从事的事业

中就可以无往而不胜。如果我们四分五裂，我们就

会一事无成---因为在意见分歧，四分五期的情况

下，我们不敢迎接强有力的挑战。

3、One form of colonial control shall not have

passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron

tyranny.

一种殖民控制的形式的消失，不应为另一种更为残

酷的暴政所取代。

4、And to remember that ,in the past,those who

foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger

ended up inside.

要记住，在过去，那些愚蠢地想靠与虎谋皮而得势

的人最终都为虎所食。

5、We renew our pledge of support---to prevent it

form becoming merely a forum for invective--to

strengthen its shield of the new and the weak ---and

to enlarge the area in which its writ

我们重申我们的支持---不让其变成一个相互指责

的论坛---加强其对新生国家和弱小国家的保护---

扩大其主导作用的领域。

6、For only when our arms are sufficient beyond

doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will

never be employed.

只有当我们的军力强大无比时，我们才有把握用不

使用武力。

7、Let us never negotiate out of fear.but let us never

fear to negotiate

我们永远不会由于恐惧而去谈判，但我们用不畏惧

谈判。.

8、And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back

the jungles of suspicion。

如贵一点小小的一点合作能驱散深深地猜疑

9、In your hands ,my fellow citizens,more than

mine,will rest the final success or failure of our

course.

同胞们，我们的事业最终的成败不是掌握在我手

中，而是掌握在你们手中。

10、Ask not what your country can do for you---ask

what you can do for your country .

11、不要问你的国家能为你做什么，要自问你能为

你的国家做何贡献。

T 1 it might have been

F2 the raising of a pig

F3 the author had

.

T4 according to the narrator’s

F5 “we” who told the

F6Many years after

F7the man lying in her

T8 the reason for the change

T9 covered with a thick coat

T10 the fact that I cannot

T11 to buy a piglet in spring

F12 my pig did not show up

F13 the narrator was very worried

T14it was a small village

T15 Emily’s father had loaned

T16 Emily’s house smelled

F17 Emily probably killed the man

F18 when Emily died the townspeople

T19 what may surprise the reader

A 卷TFFTT TTFFT FFFTT B卷TTTFTT TTFFT

L1I would like to reflect on one of the oldest of human exercises, the process by which over the years, and indeed over the centuries, we have undertaken to get the poor off our conscience. Rich and poor have lived together, always uncomfortably and sometimes perilously, since the beginning of time. Plutarch was led to say: “An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics.” And the problems that arise from the continuing co-existence of affluence and poverty–and

particularly the process by which good fortune is

justified in the presence of the ill fortune of

others — have been an intellectual

preoccupation for centuries. They continue to be

so in our own time.

One begins with the solution proposed in the

Bible: the poor suffer in this world but are

wonderfully rewarded in the next. The poverty is

a temporary misfortune; if they are poor and also

meek they eventually will inherit the earth. This

is, in some ways, an admirable solution. It allows

the rich to enjoy their wealth while envying the

poor their future fortune.

L5The American tradition has found this view of

human history repugnant and false. This tradition sees

the world as many, not as one. These empirical

instincts, the preference for fact over logic, for deed

over dogma, have found their most brilliant

expression in the writings of William James and in

the approach to philosophical problems which James

called “radical empiricism”. Against the belief in the

all-encompassing power of a single explanation,

against the commitment to the absolutism of ideology,

against the notion that all answers to political and

social problems can be found in the back of some

sacred book, against the deterministic interpretation

of history, against the closed universe, James stood

for what he called the unfinished universe—a

universe marked by growth, variety, ambiguity,

mystery, and contingency—a universe where free

men may find partial truths, but where no mortal man

will ever get an absolute grip on Absolute Truth, a

universe where social progress depends not on

capitulation to a single, all-consuming body of

doctrine, but on the uncoerced intercourse of

unconstrained minds.

Ideologists are afraid of the free flow of ideas, even

of deviant ideas within their own ideology. They are

convinced they have a monopoly on the Truth.

Therefore they always feel that they are only saving

the world when they slaughter the heretics. Their

objective remains that of making the world over in

the image of their dogmatic ideology. The goal is a

monolithic world, organized on the principle of

infallibility—but the only certainty in an absolute

system is the certainty of absolute abuse. The goal

of free men is quite different. Free men know many

truths, but the doubt whether any mortal man knows

the Truth. Their religious and their intellectual

heritage join in leading them to suspect fellow men

who lay claim to infallibility. They believe that there

is no greater delusion than for man to mistake himself

for God. They accept the limitations of the human

intellect and the infirmity of the human spirit. The

distinctive human triumph, in their judgment, lies in

the capacity to understand the frailty of human

striving but to strive nonetheless.

L7,we observe today not a victory of party, but a

celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end, as well

as a beginning—signifying renewal, as well as

change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty

God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed

nearly a century and three quarters ago.

The world is very different now. For man holds in his

mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human

poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same

revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought

are still at issue around the globe—the belief that the

rights of man come not from the generosity of the

state, but from the hand of God.

.