并列句
一、并列句的构成：
并列句是由并列连词and，but，or，for，so等把两个或两个以上互不依从，但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
二、并列句的分类：
1. 表示同等关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句，and常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：
He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。
Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇，我们成了朋友。
2. 表示转折关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是)，yet(可是)，while(而，另一方面)，however(可是)等连接前后简单句，but常译为“但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如：
It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。
School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。
He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。
It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大，然而我们必须出去。
3. 表示选择关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者，否则)等连接前后简单句。
or有两重含义：
(1)“或者”，表示选择。例如：
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。(2)“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。例如：
You must tell the truth，or you will be punished．你必须说真话，否则你将会受到惩罚。
4. 表示因果关系的并列句
这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。
(1)for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for 则连接两
简单句，前者表示结果，后者表示原因。其结构为：简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。
例如：He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。
(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句(原因) +so牛简单句(结果)。例如：
Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead．李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师替二课。
I had a headache，so（或and so）I went to bed．（我头痛，所以就上床睡觉了。）
She must be near-sighted，for she wears glasses．（她一定是近视眼，因为她戴着眼镜。）
so和and so同义，表示因果关系。for表示上下句之间的因果关系时，指逻辑推理的理由或为前一句提供解释。
还应该指出的是，某些副词也可表示两个思想之间的关系。但要注意，因为它们不是并列连词，所以不能把两个分句连起来。它们只能用在第二个句子里。可位于句首，句中或句末。在第一个句子末尾常用分号或句号。如：
Zhou Lan studied hard；therefore（或thus），she passed the entrance examination．
或：Zhou Lan studied hard；she，therefore（或thus），passed the entrance examination．
或：Zhou Lan studied hard．Therefore（或Thus），she passed the entrance examination．（周兰学习很用功，因此，她通过了入学考试。）
therefore与thus意为“因此；所以”，表示因果关系，与它们同义的还有hence，accordingly 等。
5. 其他形式的并列句
(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果，谓语常用一般将来时。例如：
Use your head, and you will find away．动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。
(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件，并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如：
Study hard, or you Will fall behind the others．努力学习，否则你就会落于别人。
(3)“either...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”，“或者……或者……”，例如：
Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事，或者我婶婶也可以做。习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.
(4) “not only…but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”，例如：
not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生，而且他们的老师都误了校车。
(5) “neither…nor…”结构，意为“既不……也不……”，“两者都不……”，用法与either …or…,not only …but also…相同。
三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况
1. 并列句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如：
We fished all day; we didn\'t catch a fish.我们钓了一天的鱼，一条鱼也没钓到。
2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。例如：My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作，母亲在学校工作。
3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如：He is not a student, nor am I. 他不是学生,我也不是。
Beibei can swim, so can I. 贝贝会游泳,我也会。
①I hope you don\'t mind me asking, ________ where did you buy those shoes?
A. so
B. and
C. yet
D. but
②There are many kinds of sports, ________ my favorite is swimming.
A. as
B. then
C. so
D. but 答案:①D ②D
2. yet (但是;尽管如此)
可连接两个句子,用逗号分开,也可在yet前加and,还可以放在一个句子的句首。例如:
The car is old, yet it is in good condition. 这辆车旧了,但车况很好。
He\'s pleasant enough, and yet I don\'t like him. 他人很好,但我却不喜欢他。
3. while (而,但是,可是,却)
while作连词用时,可表示对比或转折关系。
①I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when D. as
②She thought I was talking about her daughter, ________ in fact, I was talking about my
daughter.
A. whom
B. where
C. which
D. while 答案:①B ②D
二、考查表示因果关系的并列连词
1. for (因为)
由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。
I did my best not to show pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure happiness, for my words had the power to make people laugh. (NMET2004完形填空)
2. so (因此)
可以连接两个句子,中间有时用逗号隔开;也可在so前加and;还可以放在一个句子的句首。The shop doesn\'t open until 11 a.m.,________ it loses a lot of business.
A. for
B. or
C. but
D. so 答案:D
三、考查表示选择关系的连词or
or连接并列成分时,意为\"或者,还是\";用于否定句中,意为\"也不\",这时不宜用and;还有\"否则,要不然\"之意,相当于otherwise。
Would you like a cup of coffee ________ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise 答案:C
四、考查表示并列关系的并列连词
1. and (和,同,与,又,并且)
Stand over there ________ you\'ll be able to see it better.
A. or
B. while
C. but
D. and 答案:D
2. not only... but also...(不仅......而且)
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ________ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be 答案:B
3. neither... nor... (既不......也不)
They worked neither for fame nor for personal gains. 他们工作一不为名,二不为利。4. both... and... (既......又)
A man should have both courage and wisdom. 人既要有勇气又要有智慧。
五、考查其他并列连词
1. not... but... (不是......而是)
It was not the bones of an animal but of a human being. 这不是一只动物的骨头,而是人的骨头。
2. rather than(而不是;与其......宁愿)
[原题再现]
Rather than ________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________a bicycle.
A. ride; ride
B. riding; ride
C. ride; to ride
D. to ride; riding
答案:C
3. when(正当那时,相当于and at that time)
Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ________ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.
A. when
B. while
C. since
D. once答案:A
并列句单项选择练习
1.__________many times,but he still couldn't understand it.
A.Having been old
B.Though he had been told
C.He was told
D.Having told
2.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but__________didn't help.
A.he
B.which
C.she
D.it
3.__________,so Mary was very sad.
A.Her mother was very ill
B.Her mother being ill
C.Her mother's being ill
D.Because her mother was ill
4.-Sugar__________milk.-Only milk,please,__________I used to like sugar.
A.and;and
B.and;but
C.or;and
D.or;but
5.It must have rained last night,__________the road is wet.
A.while
B.or
C.for
D.because
6.Hurry up,__________we'll miss the train.
A.and
B.but
C.for
D.or
7.I wrote a letter,__________I forgot to mail it.
A.for
B.but
C.or
D.while
8.Please__________come in or go out,don't stand there in the doorway.
A.neither
B.and
C.for
D.either
9.Why was Edison not able to hatch chickens__________the hen could.
A.while
B.when
C.because
D.unless
10.The teacher came in,__________the students stood up and said,"Good morning,teacher."
A.while
B.and
C.but
D.for
11.__________on the mirror,and you'll find little drops of water on the glass.
A.Blowing
B.To blow
C.Blow
D.If you blow
12.-I don't like singing__________dancing,what about you.
-I don't like dancing,__________I like singing songs.
A.and;and
B.and;but
C.or;but
D.or;and
13.Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths and__________,it is our duty to master it.
A.altogether
B.therefore
C.otherwise
D.however
14.One more word,__________I'll knock you flat.
A.so
B.and
C.but
D.therefore
15.The car is quite old;__________,there is nothing wrong with it.
A.but
B.yet
C.however
D.therefore
16.I liked this play very much,__________my mother said it was uninteresting.
A.and
B.for
C.so
D.but
17.-My shirt is torn.-__________me a needle and thread,and I'll mend it for you.
A.If you bring
B.If you had brought
C.Should you bring
D.Bring
18.__________to the top of the hill,and you can see the whole of the town.
A.To get
B.Get
C.Getting
D.Having got
19.Spring is coming;__________gets warmer and warmer,and trees turn green.
A.that
B.it
C.which
D.as it
20.Jack passed all his examinations;__________pleased his parents.
A.who
B.it
C.which
D.all of which
参考答案及详解
1.and
2.Not only;but also
3.however
4.Neither;nor
5.while
6.or
7.so 8.for 9.Either;or 10.yet 11.but 12.but;and 13.therefore 14.for
15.(but) still 16.while 17.and 18.but 19.for 20.or 21.while/but
22.however 23.nor 24.yet/but 25.or/otherwise 26.and 27.so/and 28.when
参考答案及详解
1.C。该句为but引导的并列句。此题若去掉but,则A、B项皆正确。
2.D
3.A。该句为so引导的并列句。
4.B。根据答语“Only milk,please”可知对方是问“糖和牛奶你都要吗? ”。
5.C。从路是湿的来推测,昨晚一定下雨了。用because是错的,因为because从句是不能引起下雨的直接原因。
6.D
7.B
8.D。either...or...,要么……,要么……
9.A 10.B。and 连接两个分句,表示两个连接的动作。
11.C。属于“祈使句+and+主谓结构”。12.C 13.B
14.B。名词词组+and...相当于一个条件句+and...,其句意:如果再说句话,我就会把你打倒。
15.C 16.D 17.D 18.B
19.B 20.B。并列句也可以用分号来连接。19、20题就是并列句,所以都选用it。
1. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, he can't understand the instructions on the bottle Of the pills. （2003年河北省中考题）
A. so
B. or
C. but
D. for
2. —Can you play football?
—Yes, I can,I can't play very well. （2003年北京市海淀区中考题）
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. but
3. The war was over about three months ago, _____the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. （2003年上海市中考题）
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
4. You must work hard, _____ you will fall behind. （2003年黑龙江省中考题）
A. and
B. but
C. so
D. or
5. Take exercise every day, ____ you will become stronger and stronger. （2003年河南省中考题）
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. while
6. Work hard, you're sure to be successful in this exam.（2005 西宁）
A. and
B. or
C. but
D. so
7. — Will you come on Monday or Tuesday?
— I'm afraid day is possible. I'll be busy next week. （2005 青海）
A. either
B. neither
C. both
8. LilyLucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.（2005 吉林）
A. Not only; but also
B. Neither; nor
C. Both; and
D. Either; or
9. Be careful with your machine, you'll be hurt. （2005 内蒙古）
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so
10. — Didn't you give roses to your father on Father's Day?
— Oh, not only my father, my grandpa got red roses.（2005 包头）
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. until
11. — How do you like the two pairs of shoes?
— They don't fit me well. They are too big too small.（2005 河南）
A. not only; but also
B. both; and
C. neither; nor
D. either; or
12. Work hard, _____ you will pass the during test.
A. or
B. but
C. because
D. and
13. Stop cutting trees, _____ the earth will become worse and worse.
A. and
B. then C but D. or
14. They bought Granny a present ____ she liked it very much.
A. and
B. so
C. but
15. They all went to the cinema I didn't.
A. get
B. or
C. but
D. so
16. — Hello, Mr. Huang!
—I'm sorry, I don't think I know you.
A. and
B. or
C. but
D. because
17. The little boy is very young _____ he can look after himself well.
A. So
B. but
C. if
D. or
18. Bill put his hands behind his back, ____ nobody could see his hands.
A. so
B. and
C. or
D. but
19. Neither you nor I _____ from Canada. We are from Australia.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
20. —We get knowledge ____from books _____from life.
—Yes, both are important.
A. either；or
B. not only；but also
C neither；nor D. not；but
巩固练习
1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer,＿＿＿?
A. do I
B. don’t I
C. will they
D. won’t they
2. ＿＿＿help if you can,and our country will improve
more quickly and better.
A. Giving
B. Give
C. Given
D. To give
3. ——Lucy,you wash the dishes,＿＿＿?
——Mom,can’t Lily do it? It’s her turn to do it.
A. don’t you
B. can you
C. shall you
D. will you
4. ——I will not take an umbrella with me today.
—＿＿＿＿＿it rains later on in the day?
A. How
B. What
C. How about
D. What if
5. ——You ought to stay up late tonight,＿＿＿＿you?
——Yes. I’ve got too much homework.
A. can’t
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. won’t
6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,＿＿＿＿?
A. can it
B. can’t it
C. can they
D. can’t they
7. There used to be a church in the small town,＿＿＿＿＿?
A. used there
B. usedn’t there
C. used it
D. usedn’t it
8. ——She isn’t your neighbour, is she?
——＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A. Yes,she isn’t
B. No,she is
C. Yes,she is
D. No,isn’t she
9. ——＿＿＿＿＿＿to be a PLA soldier when I was young.
——And now you are.
A. How I wanted
B. How did I want
C. What I wanted
D. What did I want
10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,＿＿＿＿was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of that
11. After ten years,she changed a lot and looked different from＿＿＿she used to be.
A. that
B. whom
C. what
D. who
12. ＿＿＿＿is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation＿＿＿he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where
B. which
C. while
D. why
14. Information has been put forward＿＿＿more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
15. What the doctors really doubt is＿＿＿＿my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when
B. how
C. whether
D. what
16. The students of the music school study ＿＿＿＿.
A. music but also some other subjects
B. some other subjects as well as music
C. music as well as some other subjects
D. some other subjects and music
17. ＿＿＿air is to man,so is water to fish.
A. Since
B. Just
C. Like
D. As
18. There is plenty of rain in the south ＿＿there is little in the north.
A. while
B. as
C. when
D. so
19. ＿＿＿several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer.
A. Being asked
B. Having been asked
C. He would ask
D. He had been asked
20. ——I don’t like chicken ＿＿＿fish.
——I don’t like chicken,＿＿＿I like fish very much.
A. and；and
B. and；but
C. or；but
D. or；and
21. ＿＿＿the days went on,the situation there got worse.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
22. ＿＿＿everybody is here,let’s set out right away.
A. Now that
B. Because
C. For
D. After
23. The science of medicine,＿＿＿progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.
A. to which
B. in which
C. which
D. with which
24. We must do the experiment carefully ＿＿＿Miss Liu told us.
A. what
B. since
C. as
D. while
25. Tony will never forget these days ＿＿＿she lived in China with her mother,＿＿＿has a great effect on her life.
A. that；which
B. when；which
C. which；that
D. when；that
26. ＿＿＿I know,they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. Since
B. So far as
C. In case
D. As if
27. Who do you think the doctor will have＿＿＿first,John or Kate?
A. examine
B. to examine
C. examining
D. examined
28. ——What are you anxious about?
——＿＿＿＿＿.
A. Whether we can succeed
B. If we succeed
C. Do we succeed
D. That we can succeed
29. You should put the dictionary ＿＿＿you can find it easily.
A. where
B. the place
C. the place on which
D. what
30. She said to me,“I’ll tell you the result of the test＿＿＿I know it. ”
A. because
B. the moment
C. after
D. though
31. Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution”＿＿＿he had time to spare.
A. as soon as
B. as
C. so that
D. whenever
32. Li Fang is very busy,＿＿＿she’s always helping others with their lessons.
A. but
B. although
C. so
D. for
33. Getting a right job can be difficult ＿＿＿the students＿＿＿prepared to deal with the job interview.
A. if；won’t
B. unless；will
C. unless；are
D. if；are
34. Everything depends on＿＿they will support you about it.
A. if
B. which
C. whether
D. that
35. She won the first prize in the speech contest and＿＿＿surprized us.
A. which
B. it
C. as
D. who
36. The Oscar is one of the film prizes ＿＿offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which is not
B. that have not been
C. that has not
D. that has not been
37. He made another wonderful discovery,＿＿＿of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
38. It’s really very dangerous. One more step,＿＿＿the baby will fall into the well.
A. or
B. so
C. but
D. and
39. She is American,＿＿＿she knows little about American history.
A. so
B. yet
C. and
D. therefore
40. Information technology is taught in most schools,＿＿＿we have entered the information society.
A. so
B. while
C. still
D. for
41. ——Helen must obey her parents.
——Oh,she must,＿＿?
A. must she
B. mustn’t she
C. shouldn’t she
D. should she
42. John must be in the chemistry lab,＿＿＿?
A. mustn’t he
B. needn’t he
C. isn’t he
D. shouldn’t he
43. It was quite a long time＿＿＿I made it out what had happened.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. since
44. ＿＿the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.
A. Read
B. Reading
C. If reading
D. When you read
45. ＿＿＿does he do his work well,＿＿＿he helps others with their work.
A. Not only；but also
B. Neither；nor
C. Either；or
D. Both；and
46. ＿＿,so he didn’t come to school last week.
A. Though he was ill
B. Being ill
C. Having been ill
D. He was ill
47. She tried every way ＿＿＿she could find to solve the problem.
A. how
B. in which
C. that
D. which
48. Lily has some idea ＿＿＿she’s going to be when she grows up.
A. what
B. that
C. as
D. which
49. To play fair is as important as ＿＿＿＿,I think.
A. to play well
B. play well
C. we play well
D. playing well
50. ＿＿＿you go, you should bear the motherland in mind.
A. Where
B. Whenever
C. However
D. Wherever
四.答案
1-10CBDDBABCAB 11-20CBABCBDADC
21-30DABCBBDAAB 31-40DACCBBADBD 41-50ACBDADCAAD
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简单句、并列句、复合句 一．简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。 1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。 and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但： (1)如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。 (2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。 (3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。 3.选择疑问句。 4.反意疑问句。 (1)陈述句+省略问句 (2)祈使句+附加疑问句 反意疑问句的回答 二．并列句 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句 常用的连词有and,but,or not only...but also,neither...nor,either...or 联合并列句常由并列词and, not only…but also…..等连接 如: Use your hand, and you’ll find a way. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接 如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. 选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, either…or…,等连接 如:Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police 因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接. 如: it was late, so we went home. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉. 如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time. because和so; although, though和but 不能连用 三．复合句:有一个主句和若干个从句组成 1. What I want to explain is this. 2.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. 3.That’s exactly what I am planning to do. 4.We expressed the hope that they would come and visit china again. 5.He asked me to stay where I was. 6. The comrade whom you spoke to is a model worker.
英语简单句并列句复合句和练习题
英语简单句、并列句、复合句及练习 一、简单句 1、概述 只有一个主语和一个谓语动词的句子称为简单句。 I am a student.我是一个学生。 She likes English very much.她非常喜欢英语。 He usually does morning exercises on the playground.他常常在操场上做早操。 2、简单句的基本句型 英语简单句可分为五种基本句型，其它的句子可看成是这几种基本句型的扩展、组合、倒装、省略。这五个基本句式：主谓结构（S + V）；主系表结构（S + V + P ）；主谓宾结构（S + V + O ）；主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）；主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + C） 说明：S=主语；V=谓语；P=表语；O=宾语；IO=间接宾语；DO=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语 （1）主谓结构（S + V） 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。 He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 Plants grow well all the year round.一年四季植物生长良好。 （2）主系表结构（S + V + P ） 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seems interested in the book他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站着。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式。 He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
并列句和复合句(含答案解析)
并列句和复合句 易错清单 一、when,if引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句 1. 含有when,if引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时;when引导其他时态的时间状语从句时,从句时态应与主句时态保持一致。 2. when, if引导的宾语从句,首先要保证从句的陈述语序,然后再根据主句的时态确定从句时态,使其基本与主句内容保持意义上的一致。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”;充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”;充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。如: I don't know when my father will come back, but I'll ask him to call you back when he comes back. 我不知道我爸爸什么时候回来,但是他回来的时候我可以让他给你回电话。 I don't know if he will come back. If he comes back, I'll tell you. 我不知道他是否会回来。如果他回来的话,我会告诉你。 二、when, while,as的区别 when, while, as引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。when, as都可以与终止性动词连用,而while则不能。如: He fell asleep when(while, as) he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 when可表示瞬间、时间段,与主句所叙述的动作、事情可同时发生,也可有先后。 I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时,我就回家去。 It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。 while用于同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生,常对同类的两个动作进行比较。 While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes. 我读书时,我妈妈在洗衣服。 as不指先后,而指并列发生,尤指两动作或事件同时发生。如: She sang as she worked. 她一边工作一边唱歌。
并列连词用法讲解
并列连词的用法 一.概念 连词是用来连接词,短语,句或句子的词.连词不作成分. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.表示并列关系的连词有：and和；both…and…两者都；not only… but also…不仅…而且；neither…nor…即不…也不；not…but…(不是…而是…) ；not…not…不…也不…（语气比neither…nor…弱）等。如 1)and：和，并且 A：基本用法： “and”表示“和”、“并且”“而且”，“但”，表示动作的先后、因果、转折、强化语义等。例如： I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis. 我喜欢打篮球、踢足球、打乒乓球。 Mary and Lucy like music very much. 玛丽和露茜喜欢音乐。 It’s getting colder and colder in winter.冬天气候变得越来越冷。 I like reading and my brother likes watching TV.我喜欢读书，而我弟弟喜欢看电视。 The weather becomes colder and colder. 天气越变越冷。 B:特别用法： 祁使句后连接and，有条件句作用，此时and=if you…,you’ll… Go straight on, and you’ll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library. 一直走就能看到图书馆。 Be careful ，and you’ll make fewer mistakes. 小心点，你就会少犯错误。 2)bot h…and…既…也…,(两者)都… A、both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 Both Jim and Kate are from England. 吉姆和凯特都是英国人。 B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。 You can’t speak both German and English.你的德语和法语讲的不太好。 Both my father and my mother aren’t doctors.我父亲和我母亲不都是医生。 3)neither…nor…:既不…也不… neit her…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致，即采取就近原则。 Neither I nor he has seen the play before. 我和他以前都没有看过这个话剧。 4)not…not…不…也不…（语气比neither…nor…弱） He warned me not to be late, not allowed to work, he got very angry. 5)not only…but also…:不但…而且… not only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 Not only the mother but also the children are ill. 不仅妈妈而且孩子们也生病了。 6）not …but 不是…而是 He is not short of money but greedy. 他不是缺钱而是贪心。
简单句并列句复合句
简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn 't hear of you before. 2 ）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating?How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don 't talaksisn cl 4 ）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1 、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student. 2 、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+ 宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+ 双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+ 复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 （三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only …but also …,neither …nc等连接。n e.g. The teacher 's name is Smith, and the student ' s name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either …or …,othen等Se e.g. Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
简单句、并列句和复合句(包括五大句型)重要
简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意): Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。主从复合句即是复杂句 复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:e.g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. (四)高考考点探讨 1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。