2003博士研究生入学考试(英语)1
2003年考研英语一真题答案解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
武大英美文学考研真题 综合英语
武汉大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目: 基础英语与英汉互译科目代码：436Part One：I. Cloze (1×15=15%)Fill in each numbered blank with ONE word given below, paying attention to the following:A) 20 words are given, but only 15 (no more, no less) should be used and each can be used onceonly;B) Forms should be corrected.1. appear2. incidentally3. pass4. sure5. necessary6. social7. fresh8. come9. physical 10. occur 11. incidentally 12. scene 13. replenish 14. invite 15. ramble 16. second 17. go 18. interrupt 19. feed 20. seeI belong to that classification of people known as wives. I am a Wife. And, not altogether 1 , I am a mother.Not too long ago a male friend of mine appeared on the scene 2 from a recent divorce. He had one child, who is, of course, with his ex-wife. He is looking for another wife. As I thought about him while I was ironing one evening, it suddenly 3 to me that I, too, would like to have a wife. Why do I want a wife?I want a wife who will take care of my 4 needs. I want a wife who will keep my house clean. A wife who will pick up after my children, a wife who will pick up after me. I wanta wife who will keep my clothes clean, ironed, mended, replaced when need be, and who will5 to it that my personal things are kept in their proper place so that I can find what I need the minute I need it. I want a wife who cooks the meals, a wife who is a good cook. I want a wife who will plan the menus, do the necessary grocery shopping, prepare the meals, serve them pleasantly, and then do the cleaning up while I do my studying. I want a wife who will care for me when I am sick and sympathize with my pain and loss of time from school. I wanta wife to go along when our family takes a vacation so that someone can continue to care for me and my children when I need a rest and change of 6 .I want a wife who will not bother me with 7 complaints about a wife’s duties. But I want a wife who will listen to me when I feel the need to explain a rather difficult point I have8 across in my course of studies. And I want a wife who will type my papers for me when I have written them.I want a wife who will take care of the details of my 9 life. When my wife and I are10 out by my friends, I want a wife who will take care of the babysitting arrangements. When I meet people at school that I like and want to entertain, I want a wife who will have the house clean, will prepare a special meal, serve it to me and my friends, and not 11 when I talk about things that interest me and my friends. I want a wife who will have arranged that the children are 12 and ready for bed before my guests arrive so that the children do not bother us. I want a wife who takes care of the needs of my guests so that they feel comfortable, who makes sure that they have an ashtray, that they are 13 the hors d’oeuvres, that they are offered a 14 helping of the food, that their wine glasses are 15 when necessary,that their coffee is served to them as they like it. And I want a wife who knows that sometimes I need a night out by myself.When I am through with school and have a job, I want my wife to quit working and remain at home so that my wife can more fully and completely take care of a wife’s duties.My God, who wouldn’t want a wife?II. Paraphrase (2× 10=20%)Paraphrase the following sentences, paying attention to the connotation each of them suggests.1. More than enough is too much.2. A door must be either shut or open.3. Tomorrow is another day.4. Live and let live.5. Nothing succeeds like success.6. The shortest way round is the longest way home.7. Call a spade a spade.8. The remedy may be worse than the disease.9. Every dog has his day,10. All’s well that ends well.III. Proofreading & Error Correction (1×10= 10%)The following passage contains 8 errors, and two are free from error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “^” sign and writethe word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theend of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word inthe blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a tick “√” in the blank provided at the end of the line.Each boxing match is a story --- a unique and highlycondensed drama without words, even nothing sensational (1)______happens. Boxers are there to establish an absoluteexperience, a public accounting of the outermost limits (2)______of their beings; they will know, as few of us can knowof ourselves, physical and psychic power they possess. (3)______In the boxing ring, even in our greatly humanized times;death is always a possibility---which is that some of us (4)______prefer to watch films, or tapes of fights are already past, (5)______already defined as history---or, in some instances, art. .Most of the time, naturally, death in the ring is extremely (6)______unlikely; it is a statistically rare possibility like yourpossible death tomorrow morning in an automobile accidentor in next month’s headlining airline disaster or in a freak (7) ______accident involving a fall on the stairs or in the bathtub, a skullfracture, subarachnoid hemorrhage. Spectators at “death”fights often claim afterward that what happened simply (8)______seemed to happen--unpredictably, in a sense accidentally.Only in a retrospect does death appear to have been inevitable. (9)_______If a boxing match is a story it is an always wayward story,one in which anything can happen. And with a matter of (10) ______seconds. Split seconds! In no other sport can so much takeplace in so brief a period of time, and so irrevocably.IV. Reading Comprehension and Writing (30%)Read the following passage, and then answer the corresponding questions.1. I am black. My mother is black. My father is white. This wouldn’t necessarily be important, but we live in a country where conflict runs deep between blacks and whites. We’re in a country where white male slaveholders casually disavowed the black children they had sired. We live in a country where the worst of human traits—laziness, violence, and irrationality — are seen as defining characteristics of those of African descent. This makes my being a mixed-race person whose ethnic identity is black somewhat complicated. There is a dissonance between who I say I am -- a proud black man trying to do something positive with his life and who society says I am. Yet I feel strong, and I embrace my black heritage. I’ve often reflected on how I learned to keep my positive self-image. The answer is, my white father.2. With my olive-colored skin; hazel eyes, and curly hair, I’ve been taken for Hispanic or Middle Eastern. In fact, in addition to being black, I am Jewish. And my father taught me to be proud of that heritage as well. When bullies at school demanded, Are you black or white?" there was no confusion. When I ran home and asked my father, he said, “Tell them you are African- American.” That was in the early 1970s and it was a term I wouldn’t hear until the Afrocentric movement of the 1990s made it fashionable again.3. It wasn’t that my father wanted me to deny my Jewish roots, it’s just that he knew we live in a society where my African heritage would define me socially. He didn’t want me to seem ashamed of my black roots. My father knew that love and hopes for an ideal world in the distant future would be no panacea for the bigotry and small-mindedness I would encounter in my lifetime. He didn’t want me, my brother, or my sister to be unprepared for racism.4. And so, my father, a writer and avid reader, lined my shelves with books about black American culture, African culture, and Jewish culture. He encouraged me to think, to come up with my own ideas. A simple question posed to him was sure to be followed by his search for a book on the subject, with articles and additional materials to follow. In this way he gave me not only his opinion, but also the keys to how he arrived at that opinion. Knowing that I had those keys, too, he thought that I could evaluate his opinion and come up with my own. He encouraged me to determine what being black meant to me.5. In the predominantly white suburb near Princeton, N.J., where I grew up, my father knew that Ineeded to know black men. So when I started playing drums at age 14, my father took me to jazz clubs. He encouraged me to talk to the musicians and get their autographs. This introduction led to my decision to become a professional musician, and also filled my home with a black male presence. Jazz was more than a genre of music; it instructed me in the cool posture of black men — Max Roach’s shades, Miles Davis’s scowl and his always stylish threads. It also instructed me in a kind of heroism. These men were geniuses who created America’s only enduring art form despite its best efforts to stifle and ignore them.6. My father also hired James, a black 16-year-old, who became my favorite baby sitter. My father gave me book knowledge and taught me to have an open mind; James showed me how to deal with people on a practical level. My father was gentle, but James taught me that as a black man, you have to be ungentle sometimes. You have to speak up for yourself. James never let me walk away from a confrontation without speaking my mind.7. During the summers, my parents sent me to my mother’s family in Virginia. My cousins— especially Jeffrey, who is seven years older than I — helped me become a mature black man. Jeffrey taught me to treat women with respect, through his example as well as through his words. These are lessons my father had taught me also, but he hoped that my summer visits down south would reinforce those values being transmitted by black men of my generation.8. In college, I counseled children from mixed backgrounds. I could see the emptiness in some of the kids either who didn’t have a black parent around — usually the father—or whose parents weren’t in agreement about how much emphasis, should be put on black culture. Often these children would grow up in a predominantly white environment with a negative view of their black fathers or of black culture in general. I realized how fortunate I was to have both parents and to have a father who encouraged me to develop as a black person while never making me feel that I was any less his son because of my blackness.9. In many ways what my father taught me about manhood was not related to color. He taught me that, ultimately, I determined through my behavior what a black man is. My father taught me to be a gentle man, to use my mind and not my fists. He taught me the value of education and encouraged me to ask questions. My father exposed me to black men who lived up to these universal ideals of manhood, and thereby emphasized that blacks shared in that tradition. All these things have made me the man, the black man, I am today.10. My father and I are now the closest we have ever been. Of course, there are race-related topics,things I feel, that he will never be able to understand. I know that there are probably people who meet my father and see just another white man. But I know that there are things he has learned from me and my brother that have given him an insight into black masculinity that most white men will never experience. In this way, we have taught each other. Our relationship epitomizes a reality that is so rarely seen -- a black man and a white man who are not adversaries, who are more than father and son. They are men who love each other very deeply.A) Find the best answer for each question from the choices given. (1×6=6%)1. The opening three sentences identify the writer as being of _____.A. the same ethnicity as both his parentsB. mixed ethnicityC. the same ethnicity of his father, but not his motherD. the same ethnicity of his mother, but not his father2. For the writer, the way this country has treated blacks means that______.A. he personally suffered discriminationB. his father has mixed feelings about himC. he has had to struggle with his own bad habits so as to avoid ethnic stereotypesD. to maintain his pride he had to struggle against social beliefs about his ethnicity3. The main idea of paragraph 2 is that ______.A. the writer’s appearance allowed him to adopt any one of several ethnic identitiesB. the writer’s father always directed the son to an African-American identityC. the writer was first confused by the question of ethnic identityD. the writer is proud of his Jewish heritage4. The father’s main reason for wanting his children to identify themselves as blacks is thathe____.A. wanted them to have strength to confront racismB. had mixed feelings about his own backgroundC. had hopes for an ideal world in the futureD. thought some identities were better than others5. Paragraphs 5 through 8 are organized according to_____.A. time order of the writer’s growing up.B. comparison of the writer’s experience to that of people who grew up with blackfathers.C. a listing of the ways the writer learned about black culture.D. order of importance of the experience recounted.6. Of the following details, which is most important for this selection?A. The father read many books.B. The father took the son to jazz clubs when the boy started playing drums.C. The son became a jazz musician.D. Miles Davis had stylish threads.B) After each of the following passages in paragraphs 1-5 from the selection is a series of possible inferences, predictions, conclusions, or generalizations that you can draw from the sentence.Put a checkmark in front of those that can be appropriately supported by the quoted passage.(2×4=8%)1. “When I ran home and asked my father, he said, ‘Tell them you are African-American.’ Thatwas in the early 1970s and it was a term I wouldn’t hear until the Afrocentric movement the 1990s made it fashionable again.” (paragraph 2)__A. The father didn’t want his son to be aware of other parts of his heritage.__B. The father wanted his son to develop a strong identity to counter other people’s prejudices.__C. The father’s thinking was ahead of his time.__D. The father helped his son overcome uncertainties.__E. The writer would support students being taught an Afrocentric school curriculum.2. “These men were geniuses who created America’s only enduring art form despite its best effortsto stifle and ignore them.” (paragraph 5)__A. Jazz grew from the efforts of artistic geniuses.__ B. Anyone who now enters jazz as a profession will be ignored and stifled.__ C. Musicians entered jazz because other forms of expression were not open to them.__ D. America does not always appreciate its artists.__ E. Some jazz musicians showed courage and pursuing their careers.__ F. The cool style of jazz musicians was a reaction to the ???????????3. “Of course, there are race-related topics, things I feel, that he will never be able tounderstand. I know that there are probably people who meet my father and see just another white man. But I know that there are things he has learned from me and my brother that have given him an insight into black masculinity that most white men will neverexperience.” (paragraph 10)__A. The writer is disappointed in his father’s limitations of understanding of the writer’s experience.__B. The writer respects his father's understanding of the black male experience.__C. Few white men have a good understanding of what it means to be a black man.__D. The brother feels the same way as the writer about their father.__E. If you haven’t experienced the difficulties caused by racial attitudes, it is hard to understand race-related topics fully.__ F. People make judgments about others’ probable racial attitudes.4. Match each of the following opinions reported in this article to the person who holds or expresses that opinion, by placing the number of the appropriate person in Column B in front ofthe statement in Column A. You may use individuals from Column B more than once in your answers, and you need not use all of them.A B1) Black children need not be acknowledged, a. the writer2) Having the keys to arriving at an opinion b. the writer’s fatherwas as important as the opinion, c. the writer’s mother3) You sometimes have to be ungentle d. white male slaveholders4) In this country people of African descent e. Jamesare defined as having the worst of human traits f. Jeffrey5) Hopes for an ideal world are not adequatefor dealing with the world6) Black and white men are often seeing eachother as adversaries.C) Paraphrase and comment on the words in ITALICS in the following phrases chosen from thetext. (1×4=4%)1. “... white male slaveholders casually disavowed the black children they had sired.”(paragraph 1)2. “...would be no panacea for the bigotry and small-mindedness I would encounter...”(paragraph 3)3. “... it instruct me in the cool posture of black men --- Max Roach’s shades, MileDavis’s scowl and his always stylish threads.” (paragraph 5)D) Critical Thinking and Writing1. The writer makes at least two strong and controversial points in this selection —that it is more important to identify with his black heritage than his Jewish heritage, and that there is hostility and little mutual understanding between white and black males. Do you agree or disagree with either of these points (or any other related ones you might identify in the selection)? How would you evaluate the writer’s stand and how would you argue for or against it? Write ONE paragraph to explain your position. (4%)2. The writer identifies how his own character and identity were formed through contact with many individuals. Write a short essay describing how individuals in your life influenced you to become the person you have become. (8%)PART TWO TRANSLATION (75 points)I. Select the word or phrase that is the closest in meaning to the English expression (10 points, 2 points each)(1) have dust in the eyes(A)伤心落泪(B)愁容满面(C)昏昏欲睡(D)已患沙眼(2)sport new dogs(A)露齿而笑(B)领狗散步(C)作弄新人(D)卖弄伎俩(3)temper justice with mercy(A)体谅弱者(B)伸张正义(C)正邪相争(D)恩威兼施(4)cross the cudgels(A)激战正酣(B)停止争斗(C)险过简桥(D)不屈不挠(5)learn the hard way(A)勤学苦练(B)知难而进(C)艰难历程(D)吃苦学得II. Select the best version (10 points, 2 points each)(1) A glance at the lady helped to remind me of this paradoxical law: she also looked toodistinguished to be a “personality.”(A)看了一眼这位女士，让我想起了这样一个荒谬的规律：她看上去也过于出类拔萃，不会是个名流。
全国医学博士外语统一考试介绍
全国医学博士外语统一考试介绍The latest revision on November 22, 2020全国医学博士外语统一考试介绍全国医学博士外语统一考试是根据国务院学位委员会颁发的《临床医学专业学位试行办法》和《口腔医学专业学位试行办法》，并为医学博士研究生招生单位提供服务而设置的考试。
考试目的在于科学、客观、公正地测试考生掌握和运用外语的实际能力。
该项考试的前身为1997年起实施的卫生部属单位医学博士研究生入学外语水平考试(Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students,简称FATMD)和1999年起实施的在职临床医师申请临床医学博士专业学位全国外语统一考试(National English Qualification Test for M.D.，简称NEQTMD)。
自2002年起，国务院学位委员会办公室和卫生部科教司将FATMD和NEQTMD合并为全国医学博士外语统一考试，正式委托国家医学考试中心具体组织。
凡申请在职医学博士专业学位的考生，必须参加此项考试;报考医学博士研究生的考生依据招生单位的要求参加此项考试。
全国医学博士外语统一考试实行国家医学考试中心与考点两级负责制。
考试的考点设置在各招生单位、学位授予单位。
各单位的研究生招生办公室、学位办公室具体组织实施考试工作。
考生报名资格由各招生单位、学位授予单位按有关文件进行审核。
考生到报考单位报名点报名(或函报)。
考试设英语、日语两个语种，内容为公共外语，注重突出医学特点。
英语考试共设置听力对话、听力短文、词语用法、完型填空、阅读理解和书面表达6种题型;日语考试设置听力理解、文字与词语、语法与构句、阅读理解和书面表达5种题型。
考试强调全面测试应试人员的外语能力，并突出应试人员的英语应用和交际能力，以确定其是否已达到在职申请医学博士专业学位的外语水平或是否已达到医学博士研究生入学外语水平。
全国医学博士外语统一考试介绍
全国医学博士外语统一考试介绍全国医学博士外语统一考试是根据国务院学位委员会颁发的《临床医学专业学位试行办法》和《口腔医学专业学位试行办法》，并为医学博士研究生招生单位提供服务而设置的考试。
考试目的在于科学、客观、公正地测试考生掌握和运用外语的实际能力。
该项考试的前身为1997年起实施的卫生部属单位医学博士研究生入学外语水平考试(Foreign Language Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students,简称FATMD)和1999年起实施的在职临床医师申请临床医学博士专业学位全国外语统一考试(National English Qualification Test for M.D.，简称NEQTMD)。
自2002年起，国务院学位委员会办公室和卫生部科教司将FATMD和NEQTMD合并为全国医学博士外语统一考试，正式委托国家医学考试中心具体组织。
凡申请在职医学博士专业学位的考生，必须参加此项考试;报考医学博士研究生的考生依据招生单位的要求参加此项考试。
全国医学博士外语统一考试实行国家医学考试中心与考点两级负责制。
考试的考点设置在各招生单位、学位授予单位。
各单位的研究生招生办公室、学位办公室具体组织实施考试工作。
考生报名资格由各招生单位、学位授予单位按有关文件进行审核。
考生到报考单位报名点报名(或函报)。
考试设英语、日语两个语种，内容为公共外语，注重突出医学特点。
英语考试共设置听力对话、听力短文、词语用法、完型填空、阅读理解和书面表达6种题型;日语考试设置听力理解、文字与词语、语法与构句、阅读理解和书面表达5种题型。
考试强调全面测试应试人员的外语能力，并突出应试人员的英语应用和交际能力，以确定其是否已达到在职申请医学博士专业学位的外语水平或是否已达到医学博士研究生入学外语水平。
考试要求考生应在听、说、读、写四个方面加强训练。
考试时间每年的考试日期一般在3月的第二个周六，考试时间为3小时(8：30-11：30)。
博士研究生课程表
2003级博士研究生课程表说明
1、2003级博士研究生第一学期外语设英语、俄语、日语三个语种。
2、博士英语分三个班上课，俄语、日语各一个班。
博士英语一班：机械、林产化工、林区交通、木材、森工、
森林经理、生物材料
博士英语二班：林业经济管理
博士英语三班：林学、野生动物保护、园林、植物
3、博士研究生政治课程一个班上课。
4、博士研究生所有课程第三周开始上课。
2003—2004学年第一学期课程表
2003—2004学年第一学期课程表
2003—2004学年第一学期课程表
学年第一学期课程表
2003—2004
2003—2004学年第一学期课程表。
大连外国语学院2003年语言学试题
大连外国语学院2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科专业：英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）考试科目：语言学注意：①答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上不给分；②必须在答题纸上将题号标写清楚。
I. Mark the following statements with T if they are true or F if they are false. (20%)1. Sonorants are always voiced.2. [∫] is a palatal approximant.3. English obstruents can be distinguished by voicing.4. By creativity we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness.5. A stem may contain a root and a derivational suffix.6. Derivational affixes very often add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem.7. In the production of consonants at least three articulators are involved.8. [u] is a high back lax rounded vowel.9. When allophones are in complementary distribution, they never occur in the same context.10. A word, rather than a morpheme, is a grammatical unit.11. Thematic meaning is what is communicated through association with another sense of the sameexpression.12. In English “some books” is a case of number concord.13. Parole is the actual phenomena or data of utterances.14. Italian is not a member of the Indo-European Language Family.15. If the air is stopped in the oral cavity but the soft palate is down so that it can go out through thenasal cavity, the sound produced is an oral stop.16. All the allomorphs should have common meaning.17. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of a particular language.18. Some sentences may comply perfectly with the grammar rules of the language, but they may notbe semantically meaningful.19. Any language can be a lingua franca.20. Synchronic linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over various periods oftime and at various historical stages.II. Fill in the following blanks. (20%)1. Predication analysis is to break sown predications into their constituents: (1) and(2) .2. One of the design features termed as (3) means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.3. The five associative meanings categorized by Leech are: (4) , social, (5) , reflected and collocative.4. Of the three branches of phonetics, the (6) phonetics studies sounds from the speaker’s point of view; the (7) phonetics looks at sounds from the hearer’s point of view; the (8) phonetics studies the way sounds travel by looking at sound waves.5. It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at least five parameters, namely, phonologic, (9) , syntactic, semantic and (10) .III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20%)1. Of the following words, the sound [l] in is a clear one.A. tellB. quiltC. leafD. peel2. Of the following pairs is in complementary distribution.A. [l] as in [leik] and [m] as in [meik]B. [l] as in [li:f] and [f] as in [tef]C. [l] as in [li:d] and [r] as in [ri:d]D. none of the above3. Of the following pairs doesn’t form a minimal pair.A. pill and tillB. dill and gillC. gale and galeD. beat and pea4. If three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of a word, the first phoneme mustbe .A. /s/B. /t/C. /l/D. /p/5. [k]is a voiceless .A. alveolar stopB. velar stopC. post-alveolar plosiveD. velar fricative6. [z] is a .A. voiced approximantB. post-alveolar affricateC. voiced alveolar fricativeD. voiced alveolar affricate7. [j] is a .A. glottal fricativeB. palatal approximantC. alveolar approximantD. palatal fricative8. [ə]is a vowel.A. low back lax unroundedB. central front unroundedC. central lax unroundedD. high front tense unrounded9. The one that does not fall into the property of alveolar is .A. [m]B. [t]C. [n]D. [r]10. /l/ and /r/ function as a minimal pair in .A. lead and readB. led and redC. peel and pearD. both A and BIV. Do the following analysis (20%)1. Match each expression under A with the one statement under B that characterizes it. (10%)A B(1) fat cow a. compound noun(2) scared cow b. root morpheme plus derivational prefix(3) cowfish c. phrase consisting of a adjective plus noun(4) coward d. root morpheme plus inflection affix(5) cower e. root morpheme plus derivational suffixf. morphemic wordg. idiom2. Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A. (10%)A B(6) endanger h. free form(7) southwards i. bound root(8) geese j. inflectional suffix(9) received k. derivational suffix(10) distempered l. inflectional prefixm. derivational prefixn. inflectional infixo. derivational infixV. Produce the surface structures from the following deep structures without going through the process of transformations. (10%)1. the man [the man past be behind the table] past help me2. SOMEONE past be+ing be+en beat Joseph hard3. Q Mary pres be pleased SOMEREASON4. Tag you past see the thief5. [Neg Tom past go to school] [Neg Mary past go to school]VI. Illustrate the following sentence with tree diagrams. (10%)The tall man and the woman left.VII. Classify the following pairs according to the sense relation. Put the number before the pair in the space provided in your answer sheet. The first one is done for you as anexample. (10%)(1) alive/dead (2) buy/sellComplementary antonyms (1)1. hit/miss (a target)2. own/belong to3. lesson/lessen4. rich/poor5. squeak/creak6. tap/faucet7. above/below 8. the morning star/the evening star9. saw/hacksaw 10. sow (to scatter seeds)/sow (female adult pig)A. complementary antonymsB. synonymsC. relational oppositesD. gradable antonymsE. homonymsF. hyponymyVIII. Answer the following questions. (40%)1. Define ALLOPHONE with an example. (5%)2. What is assimilation? (5%)3. What is the criterion used in IC analysis? (5%)4. SEMANTIC FEA TURES or SEMANTIC DEMPONENTS of a word may be used to betteraccount for sense relations. Use examples to support this idea. (5%)5. BLENDING, ABBREVIA TION and ACRONYMY are the ways by which people have used tocreate new words and expressions. How do they differ from one another? Use examples to help you to distinguish them. (5%)6. Is it acceptable to say that word is the minimum free form? (5%)7. The following dialogue that took place in an English pub serves as a good example of us to seevarious aspects of language functions. Explain the concept of language functions (such asinformative, emotive, conative, and interpersonal) with examples taken from the dialogue.(10%)Bill: How did it go?Mike: Oh, fantastic! I took some really good photographs. I am sure I will win the competition.Lily: Well, you’d better buy us all a drink, then.Mike: Yes, what would you all like? …(He goes to the barman).I’d like four pints of best bitter.Barman: … Excuse me, sir, how old are you?Mike: Sixteen, why?Barman: I think you know why.。
03年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇text-1
2003全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题T ext 1Wild Bill Donova n wouldhave lovedthe Intern et. The Americ an spymas ter who builtthe Office of Strate gic Servic es in the WorldWar II and laterlaid the rootsfor the CIA was fascin atedwith inform ation. Donova n believ ed in usingwhatev er toolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespion age -- spying as a “profes sion.”Thesedays the Net, whichhas alread y re-made such everyd ay pastim es as buying booksand sendin g mail, is reshap ing Donova n’s vocati on as well.The latest revolu tionisn’tsimply a matter of gentle men readin g othergentle men’se-mail. That kind of electr onicspying has been goingon for decade s. In the past threeor four years, the WorldWide Web has givenbirthto a wholeindust ry of point-and-clickspying. The spookscallit“open-source intell igenc e,”andastheNetgrows, it is becomi ng increa singl y influe ntial. In 1995 the CIA held a contes t to see who couldcompil e the most data aboutBurund i. The winner, by a largemargin, was a tiny Virgin ia compan y called Open Source Soluti ons, whoseclearadvant age was its master y of the electr onicworld.Amongthe firmsmaking the bigges t splash in this new worldis Strait ford,Inc., a privat e intell igenc e-analys is firm basedin Austin, Texas.Strait fordmakesmoneyby sellin g the result s of spying (coveri ng nation s from Chileto Russia) to corpor ation s like energy-servic es firm McDerm ott Intern ation al. Many of its predic tions are availa ble online at www.strait ford.com.Strait fordpresid ent George Friedm an says he sees the online worldas a kind of mutual ly reinfo rcing tool for both inform ation collec tionand distri butio n, a spymas ter’sdream. Last week his firm was busy vacuum ing up data bits from the far corner s of the worldand predic tinga crisis in Ukrain e. “Assoonasthatreport runs, we’llsudden ly get 500 new Intern et sign-ups from Ukrain e,”saysFriedm an, a former politi cal scienc e profes sor. “Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, sinceit can be diffic ult to tell good inform ation from bad. That’swhereStrait fordearnsits keep.Friedm an relies on a lean staffof 20 in Austin. Severa l of his staffmember s have milita ry-intell igenc e backgr ounds. Heseesthefirm’soutsid er status as the key to its succes s. Strait ford’sbriefsdon’tsoundlike the usualWashin gtonback-and-forthi ng, whereb y agenci es avoiddramat ic declar ation s on the chance they mightbe wrong. Strait ford, says Friedm an, takespridein its indepe ndent voice.41. The emerge nce of the Net has ________.[A] receiv ed suppor t from fans like Donova n[B] remold ed the intell igenc e servic es[C] restor ed many common pastim es[D] revive d spying as a profes sion42. Donova n’sstoryis mentio ned in the text to ________.[A] introd uce the topicof online spying[B] show how he fought for the U.S.[C] give an episod e of the inform ation war[D] honorhis unique servic es to the CIA43. The phrase“making the bigges t splash”(Line 1, Paragr aph 3) most probab ly means________.[A] causin g the bigges t troubl e[B] exerti ng the greate st effort[C] achiev ing the greate st succes s[D] enjoyi ng the widest popula rity44. It can be learne d from Paragr aph 4 that ________.[A] Strait ford’spredic tionaboutUkrain e has proved true[B] Strait fordguaran teesthe truthf ulnes s of its inform ation[C] Strait ford’sbusine ss is charac teriz ed by unpred ictab ility[D] Strait fordis able to provid e fairly reliab le inform ation45. Strait fordis most proudof its ________.[A] offici al status[B] noncon formi st image[C] effici ent staff[D] milita ry backgr ound。
2003年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
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据说，在英国死亡迫在眉睫，在加拿大死亡不可避免，在加利福尼亚死亡可 以选择。这种说法并不奇怪。在过去的一个世纪里，美国人的寿命几乎延长了一 倍。髋骨不行了可以更换，临床的忧郁症得到了控制，白内障在 30 分钟手术中 便可以切除。这些进步给老年人口带来的高质量生活在 50 年前我刚从事医学时 是不可想象的。但是即使有一个伟大的医疗卫生体系，死亡也是无法战胜的— —而我们不能面对这个现实却正危及着我们这个时代的伟大 死亡是正常现象； 我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的环境里也会解体和灭 亡。我们所有人在某种程度上都懂得这一点，但是作为医疗消费者，我们却常将 死亡视为一个问题来解决。由于医疗费用由第三方支付，我们常常要求用尽所有 的医疗手段，即使它们不会有任何作用。最明显的例子是晚期癌症的治疗。医生 由于不能治愈疾病，同时又担心病人失去希望，于是常常采用极端大胆的治疗方 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
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科学家必须把他们的意思传达给公众， 并且要使用有同情心和通俗易懂的语 言，一般人能够明白的语言，而不要使用分子生物学的语言。我们需要说明动物 实验与祖母的髋骨更换、父亲的心脏搭桥、婴儿的免疫接种、甚至宠物的注射针 剂都密切相关。 对于那些不明白获得这些新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实 验的人来说，动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍。 有很多事情可以做。科学家可以进入中学课堂，展示他们的实验结果。他们 应该对报刊的读者来信及时做出反应， 以防止动物权利的误导言论在毫无质疑的 情况下横行，从而获得一副真理的面容。科研机构应该对外开放，让人参观，向 人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道的对待。最后，因为最有发言权的是病人， 医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬·库柏这样的名人的支持——他对动物实 验的价值勇敢地进行了肯定——而且应该争取所有接受治疗的病人的支持。如 果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的公众真的有可能扑灭医学进步的宝贵火种。 26. 作者在文章开头引用 18 世纪政治家埃德蒙·柏克的话的用意在于 A. 呼吁科学家采取行动 B. 批评动物权利运动这个被误导的事业 C. 警告生物医学研究即将终结 D. 展示动物权利运动的胜利 27. 被误导的人们看待用动物做实验的态度是 A. 残酷的，但是自然 B. 不人道的，不可接受的 C. 不可避免的，但是邪恶的 D. 无意义，浪费的 28. “老奶奶”这个例子被用来说明公众对 A. 动物实验的不满 B. 医学科学的无知 C. 瘟疫漠不关心 D. 动物权利的忧虑 29. 作者认为，在动物权利倡导者的挑战面前，科学家应该 A. 科学家应该与公众更多交流 B. 在研究中用高科技手段 C. 无需对他们的事业感到羞耻 D. 努力开发新的治疗手段 30. 从文章提供的信息中推论斯蒂芬·库柏是 A. 一个著名的人文主义者 2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
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河海大学2003年（二期）攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题名称： 英语Part 1 Listening conversation(10%)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have some time to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET.Section A (2.5%)Directions: you will hear a monologue of a famous chess master, listen to it and get the information you ’ve heard for question. Some of the information have given to you in the table. Write 1 word in each numbered box. Then, transfer yours onto the ANSWER SHEET, you willSection B(2.5%)Directions: you will hear an introduction of "a guided tour of the house of commons". For question 6-10 completethe sentences and answer the questions while you listen. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. Then, transfer yours onto the ANSWER SHEET, you will hear theSection C(5.0%)Directions: you will hear three dialogues and monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, transfer your answers onto the ANSWER SHEET, you will hear each piece only once.Question 11~13 are based on a speech about the Preschool years.11. Which of the following is Not true of the speakers viewpoint?A The government are not meet all the demand of preschool education.B Pre-school education can develop children's abliitiesC More and more women like to work instead of staying at homeD People consider that the mother must stay at home with her chikdren12 According to the speech, we can infer thatA Only women stayed at home with their children in the pastB Many women prefer the pre-school education to staying at homeC The attitudes toward women's working has mot been changedD The state department is not interested in pre-school education13 Which of following is not mentioned in this speech?A More and more countries pay attention to pre-school educationB Pre-school education has some advantagesC Many women do not like pre-school educationD Pre-school education has been developed rapidly since the war14-16 are based on a monologue14 This monologue chiefly talks aboutA The growth of global populationB One type of the exponentail rateC The rapidly frowing countriesD How to deal with the population growth15 It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billionA 100 yearsB 145 yearsC 1975 yearsD Over two billion years16 when a population doubles, the country involved needs twiceA Hospitals and mendicinesB Schools and staffC Food and naturalD All of the above17-20 are based on an interview in which california artist james R. proctor begins with a dicussin of his paintings17 the artist's statement "nothing stands alone" emphasizesA The concept of time and spaceB Shapes and movementsC Space in the verticalsD The interrelationship of everything18 which word best describes "the baroque explosiveness"?A checking all barriersB blackening all barriersC basing all the barsD flaking all the bars19 how can the viewers do concerning the barriers in the artist's paintings?A they should be jumping forwardB they can come on oneside or the otherC they should stick to one side of the barrier]D thsy just look over either of the sides20 why did the artist feel highly praised from his viewers?A he looked for theirB he looked through their mindC he looked at a negative reactino from themD he looked into their hostilityPart II V ocabulary(10%)Section A (5%)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B,C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one, mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.21 Representatives of the different nations were meaning to ratify an important treaty.A rejectB confirmC discussD negotiate22 Researchers are gradually deciphering the genetic structure found in the cells of organisms.(A) deforming (B) destroying (C) devising (D) decoding23 Deforestation is arguably one of the most serious environmental issues of our time.(A) demonstration (B) inescapably (C) explanatorily (D) doubtfully24 Fortunately, no one was hurt when the box containing the gunpowder(A) (B) (C) (D)。