Isadora Duncan
伊莎多拉邓肯的名词解释
伊莎多拉邓肯的名词解释伊莎多拉邓肯（Isadora Duncan）是20世纪初期享有盛誉的舞蹈家，她被誉为现代舞的奠基人之一。
她对舞蹈的理解和表达方式颇具独创性，不拘泥于传统舞蹈的束缚，追求舞蹈与自然、身体与灵魂的完美融合。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈风格充满了自由、自然和个体的特点，她的作品不仅影响了当时的艺术界，也对后来的舞蹈发展起到了重要的推动作用。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈注重身体的呼吸与自由流动。
她认为舞蹈应该是一种自然而起的表达形式，而不是机械化的动作堆砌。
因此，她在舞蹈中注重人体的呼吸和放松，追求身体与自然力量的结合。
她的作品中经常出现身体的扩展和挥舞，既表现出身体的柔软和张力，又传达出她对人体美的独特追求。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈也强调情感和内心体验的表达。
她认为舞蹈是一种艺术形式，可以通过舞蹈来表达内心世界中的情感和思想。
她的舞蹈作品常常与音乐相结合，通过身体的动作来传达情感的起伏和节奏的变化。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈充满了热情、感性和自由，她用她独特的舞蹈语言让观众能够体验到她内心的情感世界。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈对现代舞蹈的发展产生了深远的影响。
她的舞蹈风格开创了一种新的舞蹈表达方式，影响了许多后来的舞蹈家和编舞家。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈注重身体的自由表达，打破了传统舞蹈的束缚，让舞蹈重新回归到人体的自然状态。
她的作品也反映了当时社会变革的潮流，对于推动现代舞蹈的发展起到了重要的推动作用。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈承载了她对自然和生命的热爱与追求。
她的舞蹈作品常常与大自然的元素相结合，通过身体的动作和姿态来表达自然界的美与力量。
她的舞蹈中常出现风、水、火等自然元素的形象，传递出她对自然界无穷魅力的颂扬。
伊莎多拉邓肯的舞蹈让观众能够感受到自然与人体之间难以言喻的联系，让舞蹈不仅仅是表演，更是一种与自然和谐共生的体验。
综上所述，伊莎多拉邓肯是一位杰出的舞蹈家，她开创了现代舞蹈的新风格，注重身体的自由流动和情感的表达。
她的作品深受观众和后人的喜爱，对于现代舞蹈的发展产生了深远的影响。
邓肯谈舞蹈艺术
邓肯谈舞蹈艺术作者：来源：《粤海风》2016年第02期伊莎多拉·邓肯（英语：Isadora Duncan，1878年5月26日——1927年9月14日），美国舞蹈家，美国现代舞的创始人，是世界上第一位披头赤脚在舞台上表演的艺术家。
创立了一种基于古希腊艺术的自由舞蹈而首先在欧洲扬名。
其后在德、俄、美等国开设舞蹈学校。
主要作品有根据《马赛曲》、贝多芬的《第七交响曲》、门德尔松的《春》和柴可夫斯基的《斯拉夫进行曲》改编的舞蹈。
著有《邓肯自传》（1927）和《论舞蹈艺术》。
我的艺术只是尽力在舞姿与动作中真实表达“我”的存在，甚至为了找到一个纯“真”的舞姿.我曾付出漫长岁月。
语言有不同的意义。
在想一睹我丰采而蜂拥前来的群众前我毫无保留。
我已献给他们自己灵魂最深处的动力，从一开始我就舞出自己的生命：在孩童时期.我舞出对成长的由衷喜悦。
在豆蔻年华，我尽情地舞出对生活暗潮汹涌之悲剧性的领会，以及对生命之无情残暴与无常的领悟。
16岁时，我在没有音乐陪衬下献舞。
快结束时突然有人在观众席上大喊：“这是死亡与童女之舞！”从此这场舞蹈就被叫做“死亡与童女”。
但那并非我的本意，我只是努力呈现自己对于看来快乐的所有表象下，所蛰伏的悲剧性的粗浅领悟。
就我的认知，这场舞蹈应该叫做“生命与童女”才对。
此后我舞出观众曾称之为死亡的生命奋斗过程，舞出我与生命搏斗而得来的稍纵即逝的喜悦。
美术馆的闭馆时间快到了，我却还杵在这幅画前。
我想在这个美丽的神秘时刻，找到春天的真正意义。
到目前为止，我觉得生命只是一种粗制滥造的东西，一种盲目的追求；我心里想着：“如果我能发掘这幅画的秘密，我就能告诉别人，如何使生命富足，如何让心中充满欢乐。
”我现在还记得，当时我认为生命像是个为了正义而上战场的人，但他却在战争中受了重伤。
当他自观自省时，他说：“为什么我不去教导人《圣经》的精神，让人们不再彼此残害？”我在佛罗伦萨波提切利的画作《春天》前，心里就想着这件事。
北京英语会考c篇阅读
09 CAs the 1800s ended, ballet (芭蕾) was fairly popular. Ballet is a type of very skilled and artistic dancing with carefully planned movements. If people went to a dance performance, they probably went to a ballet. People enjoyed ballet, and it was widely accepted.However, at around that time a young woman from San Francisco entered the scene. She would change dance forever. Her name was Isadora Duncan.Duncan was born into an artistic family. Even as a child she loved dancing and taught dance classes for younger children. She quickly developed some very strong ideas of what dance should be.Duncan took her inspiration (灵感) from nature. She loved the Pacific Ocean and the towering pine trees of her native California. She wanted to represent these feelings in her dances. She also looked at people’s natural movements, especially the movements of children. Running, skipping, jumping, kneeling—these were things done by children all over the world. Duncan applied them to her dances. She believed that older dances were rather lifeless; hers, she felt, should express emotion.When Duncan performed her dances in places like Chicago and New York, she caused a sensation. People were not prepared to see a young woman in a thin, flowing dress running and jumping across the stage barefoot. She had to go to Europe for acceptance. Received more favorably in London, she gradually opened dance schools in many cities. Soon she was touring and performing everywhere. Her ideas laid the foundation for what we know as modern dance today.Duncan’s death was as astonishing as her life. As she rode in an open sports car in France, the long scarf (围巾) around her neck got caught in the car’s wheels and she was killed.54. This passage is mostly about Isadora Duncan’s _______.A. contributions to danceB. astonishing deathC. dance schoolsD. early life55. Duncan got her best early acceptance in _______.A. ChicagoB. LondonC. New YorkD. San Francisco56. What can we learn from the passage?A. Duncan opened up a path for ballet.B. Duncan was killed in a sports car race.C. Duncan’s dances showed natural beauty and human feelings.D. Early audiences enjoyed Duncan’s performances very much.DTired of telling students to ask questions and to think about what they were doing, Damien Hynes, a high school geography teacher in Australia, decided to do an experiment to test what he had long been thinking. He wrote some well-organized nonsense (something untrue) on the blackboard. The students simply copied it but very few asked any questions. This shows that students are willing to believe anything given by teachers. The story is repeated in support of the Project for Enhancing Effective Learning (PEEL).PEEL was carried out by some teachers and researchers in Melbourne who had concluded that normal teaching methods seldom achieve their intended goals; what the teachers think they are teaching is one thing and what the students actually learn is something else. Students’ lack of an over-all view of learning goals and their concentration on test scores make them see each lesson as a separate activity.Researchers realized that many students do not come into class empty-headed but have their own explanations of how the world works. Their own ideas can remain important to them even when they conflict with scientific explanations that are learned later. In fact such ideas are hardly affected by traditional teaching. Students accept the teacher’s scientific explanation, but do not drop their own. They simply keep both and use them practically: in a class test, they copy the teacher’s idea, but in real life they use their own.Clearly what was needed was to make students aware of their learning process, and this is what the PEEL teachersset out to deal with. On the surface, a class being taught by PEEL methods only differs from an ordinary class in being a little noisier, because more people are talking. But there are some meaningful changes. Students are given much more time to express their views, and teachers don’t make immediate judgment. The students are allowed to guide what is done in class and their own ideas are always respected. This draws their attention to the actual learning process, and they become responsible for their own progress.The PEEL researchers rejected the idea of numerical (数字的) comparisons between PEEL and non-PEEL classes. They decided that their experiment would be proved valuable if the experiences of children and teachers in different classes using PEEL methods were similar. So far, all teachers and students who have worked with PEEL methods agree that their approach to teaching and learning has really changed. The students are far more ready to question what is presented to them, while the teachers are convinced that the traditional methods are not good enough.57. The aim of Hynes’ experiment was to ______.A. show that students didn’t think about what they learntB. prove the effectiveness of the project known as PEELC. test students’ general knowledge about geographyD. encourage students to ask more questions in class58. Why did some teachers and researchers carry out PEEL?A. To ensure teachers do scientific work.B. To help students get higher test scores.C. To find the gap between what is taught and learnt.D. To help normal teaching methods achieve their goals.59. An important difference between PEEL and non-PEEL classes is that in the PEEL classes ______.A. the teacher does not give the usual scientific explanationsB. students always have their own knowledge of the subjectC. more attention is paid to the students’ own ideasD. the best explanations are given by the students60. The researchers decided their methods would be proved right if ______.A. the results could be confirmed by numberB. both kinds of classes had the same teachersC. all the classes were taught by PEEL methodsD. most PEEL classes reported similar experiencesCParents can usually tell if their children are lying to them, and so can teachers. Knowing if someone is lying can be useful. There are a number of behaviors that you can observe to help catch someone in a lie.Eyes, windows to the soul, can provide information about whether you are hearing the truth or a lie. Here is a simple experiment. Ask a friend or a family member to imagine their mother with green hair. You should notice that their eyes look up to their left while they are imagining their mother. Then ask them to think about what they did this morning and their eyes will probably look up to the right. Basically, eye movement to the left indicates the person is imagining something that is not real or did not happen. When the eyes move up and to the right, the person is remembering something that actually happened.Body language is another way to see if someone is telling tales. A professional poker (扑克) player will probably tell you not to believe someone whose hands touch their face, throat, or mouth. It seems that when we are being less than truthful our hands want to cover our face in some way. It is unlikely that a liar (someone who tells lies) will touch their chest with an open hand.Paying careful attention to how people talk can also help you catch someone in a lie. If a student is accused ofcopying homework, and is guilty, they are likely to get defensive. They may deny (否认) the copying and ask why the teacher does not like him or her, while an innocent person might be expected to take the offensive (进攻), explaining for example, how they got the ideas for the homework and convincing the teacher to talk to someone who saw them do the homework.You may also find a guilty person speaks more than is natural and adds lots of unnecessary details to their story in an attempt to convince you they are telling the truth. If you suspect this is happening, try changing the subject of your conversation quickly. A liar will happily follow your change of direction and will become more relaxed.But remember, just because someone is showing one or more of the signs associated with lying does not necessarily make them a liar. Some other forms of stress other than lying may explain their behavior, and some people exhibit these signs as normal behavior. However, if you need to distinguish a lie from the truth, these tips could be a good start.55. When accused of copying, a student who cheats will try to .A. prove his innocence by giving a wild storyB. convince his teacher by taking offensive actionC. figure out whether the teacher considers him guiltyD. cover his lies by keeping changing conversation topics56. In the last paragraph, the author intends to tell us that .A. some liars exhibit lying as normal behaviorB. people should observe the signs to tell lies from truthC. there are still some other forms of stress other than lyingD. some other forms of stress other than lying should be ignored57. What is the best title for the passage?A. What causes people to lieB. How a liar covers his liesC. What tricks a liar usesD. How to detect a lie58. What can we infer from the passage?A. Innocent people will not explain their stories in detail.B. Touching mouth is an effective way to hide dishonesty.C. Eye movement to the left indicates that the person is lying.D. Liars favor a new topic in hope of their lies going undetected.10 CParents can usually tell if their children are lying to them, and so can teachers. Knowing if someone is lying can be useful. There are a number of behaviors that you can observe to help catch someone in a lie.Eyes, windows to the soul, can provide information about whether you are hearing the truth or a lie. Here is a simple experiment. Ask a friend or a family member to imagine their mother with green hair. You should notice that their eyes look up to their left while they are imagining their mother. Then ask them to think about what they did this morning and their eyes will probably look up to the right. Basically, eye movement to the left indicates the person is imagining something that is not real or did not happen. When the eyes move up and to the right, the person is remembering something that actually happened.Body language is another way to see if someone is telling tales. A professional poker (扑克) player will probably tell you not to believe someone whose hands touch their face, throat, or mouth. It seems that when we are being less than truthful our hands want to cover our face in some way. It is unlikely that a liar (someone who tells lies) will touch their chest with an open hand.Paying careful attention to how people talk can also help you catch someone in a lie. If a student is accused of copying homework, and is guilty, they are likely to get defensive. They may deny (否认) the copying and ask why the teacher does not like him or her, while an innocent person might be expected to take the offensive (进攻), explaining for example, how they got the ideas for the homework and convincing the teacher to talk to someone who saw them do the homework.You may also find a guilty person speaks more than is natural and adds lots of unnecessary details to their story in an attempt to convince you they are telling the truth. If you suspect this is happening, try changing the subject of your conversation quickly. A liar will happily follow your change of direction and will become more relaxed.But remember, just because someone is showing one or more of the signs associated with lying does not necessarily make them a liar. Some other forms of stress other than lying may explain their behavior, and some people exhibit these signs as normal behavior. However, if you need to distinguish a lie from the truth, these tips could be a good start.55. When accused of copying, a student who cheats will try to .A. prove his innocence by giving a wild storyB. convince his teacher by taking offensive actionC. figure out whether the teacher considers him guiltyD. cover his lies by keeping changing conversation topics56. In the last paragraph, the author intends to tell us that .A. some liars exhibit lying as normal behaviorB. people should observe the signs to tell lies from truthC. there are still some other forms of stress other than lyingD. some other forms of stress other than lying should be ignored57. What is the best title for the passage?A. What causes people to lieB. How a liar covers his liesC. What tricks a liar usesD. How to detect a lie58. What can we infer from the passage?A. Innocent people will not explain their stories in detail.B. Touching mouth is an effective way to hide dishonesty.C. Eye movement to the left indicates that the person is lying.D. Liars favor a new topic in hope of their lies going undetected.第二局部非选择题(共30分)二、阅读理解〔共3小题，6分〕第二节：阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息(不多于五个单词)，完成对该问题的答复。
高三英语阅读理解(人物故事)题20套(带答案)含解析
高三英语阅读理解(人物故事)题20套(带答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解人物故事类1．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel —something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance," with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid." And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean?A.Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B.Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C.Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D.Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A.Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B.Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C.Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D.Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A.It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B.Everybody is a genius in his own way.C.Miseries come from human stupidity.D.Teachers can impact students greatly.（4）What is this passage mainly about?A.Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today.B.Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her.C.Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success.D.Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，伊莎多拉·邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。
九年级英语舞蹈种类单选题50题(含答案)
九年级英语舞蹈种类单选题50题(含答案)1.Ballet is a kind of dance that is known for its grace and elegance. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ballet?A.beautiful posturesB.energetic movementsC.delicate expressionsD.light footwork答案：B。
Ballet 以优美的姿势、细腻的表情和轻盈的脚步著称，energetic movements（充满活力的动作）不是芭蕾舞的特点。
2.Which dance form originated in Latin America?A.TangoB.BalletC.Hip-hopD.Belly dance答案：A。
Tango 起源于拉丁美洲。
Ballet 起源于欧洲，Hip-hop 起源于美国，Belly dance 起源于中东地区。
3.Which dance is famous for its fast footwork and lively music?A.SalsaB.WaltzC.Folk danceD.Modern dance答案：A。
Salsa 以快速的脚步动作和活泼的音乐而闻名。
Waltz是华尔兹，节奏较慢；Folk dance 民间舞蹈种类很多，不一定有快速脚步和活泼音乐；Modern dance 现代舞风格多样，不一定有此特点。
4.Which of the following dances is often performed in pairs?A.BreakdanceB.Square danceC.Tap danceD.Ballroom dance答案：D。
Ballroom dance 交际舞通常是两人一起表演。
Breakdance 霹雳舞一般单人表演；Square dance 广场舞可以多人一起但不一定成对；Tap dance 踢踏舞可单人可多人不一定成对。
舞蹈优秀舞者剧目推荐
•1、芭蕾舞。
•（1）polina semionova，•代表作：《巴赫的最后一天》（最美芭蕾）《天鹅湖》《睡美人》《舞姬》《吉赛尔》（2）Marianela Nuñez 英国皇家芭蕾舞团。
代表作：《堂吉诃德》《关不住的女儿》《睡美人》《吉赛尔》《舞姬》《天鹅之死》（3）Evgenia Obraztsova。
代表作：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《魔符双人舞》《胡桃夹子》《仙女》《古典女子四人舞》《狂欢节》（4）Mikhail Baryshnikov。
代表作：《天鹅湖》《吉色勒》《不解风情》（5）Uliana Lopatkina。
代表作：《天方夜谭》《天鹅湖》《睡美人》《舞姬》《海盗》•2、中国古典舞、民族舞。
（1）唐诗逸。
代表作品：《碧雨幽兰》《乡愁无边》《大梦敦煌》《水月洛神》《延安记忆》。
（2）张傲月。
代表作品：《一片羽毛》《红蓝军》《夺旗》《琥珀》《孔子》（3）张娅姝。
代表作品：《西施》《金陵十三钗》《风》《红河谷》《一生守候》《黑翅膀》（4）杨丽萍：代表作品：《雀之灵》、《月光》、《两棵树》、《云南印象》（5）王亚彬：代表作品：《扇舞丹青》《对弈》《舞之灵》《春江花月夜》《天域天堂》《十面埋伏》•3、现代舞（1）Isadora Duncan伊莎多拉·邓肯。
代表作品：《马赛曲》、《斯拉夫进行曲》、《国际歌》、《第六交响曲》（2）Martha Graham玛莎·葛兰姆。
代表作品：《原始的神秘》、《给世界的信》、《阿帕拉契山脉之春》、《夜旅》（3）金星。
代表作品：《白风》《半梦》《艺伎》《圣母玛莉娅》《窗口》《格珍独舞晚会》《红与黑》《牡丹亭》。
现代舞蹈艺术：建构在“情感存现”上的审美感知——以《马赛曲》为例
我国著名舞蹈教育家潘志涛先生，曾在第二届CCTV 全国电视舞蹈大赛回答观众提问时谈道：看得懂的现代舞叫当代舞，看不懂的现代舞叫现代舞。
看似一句绕口令，但潘志涛先生却以简单的一句话道出了两个舞种的真实状态。
那么，究竟为什么现代舞蹈会呈现出一种抽象、难懂的语言形态，从而导致观众对其百思莫解？事实上，现代舞蹈的缘起，是为了突破古典芭蕾的传统创作与表演原则：一来扭转长久以来桎梏不变的身体语言风格（开、绷、直、立），二来打破已成型的叙事结构（综合艺术）。
因此，二者（身体风格与叙事表意）兼顾的传统在现代舞蹈艺术中就不复存在，剩下的只有现代文化所凸显的“多元”“自我”“个性”的鲜明特征。
如果说现代舞蹈不再与约定俗成的灯光、布景、服装、道具等舞台符号元素配合进行叙事表意、再现客观社会，如果说现代舞蹈家以无拘束、个性化的身体为表现核心，通过内心情感来表达自我对当下社会的主观看法，那么，孕育现代舞蹈家及现代舞蹈艺术的社会土壤是什么？如果说现代舞蹈所凸显的是“多元”“自我”“个性”的鲜明特征，那么，它究竟会为观众带来怎样的审美感受？本文以伊莎多拉·邓肯的《马赛曲》为研究对象，运用文献分析与观察法，阐述现代舞蹈的诞生背景、本体特征及观众的审美困惑，挖掘现代舞蹈艺术创作与传播途径，力图呈现出一种可理解的现代舞蹈形态。
作者简介：张大策，男，博士研究生，沈阳音乐学院舞蹈学院专业理论教研室副主任，副教授。
研究方向：舞蹈美学、表演艺术跨领域。
现代舞蹈艺术：建构在“情感存现”上的审美感知——以《马赛曲》为例张大策（沈阳音乐学院沈阳110169）摘要本文以伊莎多拉•邓肯（Isadora Duncan ，1877-1927）的《马赛曲》（La Marseillaise ）为研究对象，运用文献分析与观察法，探索孕育现代舞蹈的社会土壤及其传播手法与可欣赏的途径，为普通观众解析欣赏现代舞蹈的困惑缘由，使其能够获得审美共鸣。
关键词现代舞蹈情感存现审美感知《马赛曲》J O U R N A L O F X I N J I A N G A R T S U N I V E R S I T Y一、滋长在现代社会的现代舞蹈现代社会又称科技社会，是继农业社会和工业社会之后的社会发展阶段。
【英语】高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)
【英语】高三英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hook like hands that allow them to swing through the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs(对生拇指).The brown-headed spider monkey has a prehensile(缠绕性的)tail, which means it can grasp and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits, which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small insects during the dry season when fruits aren't available. They spend most of the daylight hours climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.The brown-headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers' backs. All brown-headed spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus (属)name is Ateles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don't have thumbs. Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.（1）Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.A. insectsB. fruitsC. flowersD. leaves（2）What can we learn about spider monkeys?A. They have five legsB. They live in small groupsC. Their tails can take their weightD. Their genus is the same as spiders'（3）What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to?A. PermittedB. ForbiddenC. EncouragedD. Ignored（4）Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?A. In a large communityB. In trees with high branchesC. On their mothers' backsD. On their mothers' stomachs【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴。
舞蹈风格知识：自由舞——释放舞者的个性和创造力
舞蹈风格知识：自由舞——释放舞者的个性和创造力舞蹈是艺术的一种表现形式，它将音乐、表情、动作等多种元素结合起来，形成了独特的舞蹈艺术。
现代舞蹈则将更多的元素融入其中，其中最独特的舞蹈形式之一就是自由舞。
自由舞，顾名思义，是一种自由的舞蹈形式。
它将舞蹈从原本的规范中解放出来，让舞者可以自由地表现出自己的个性和创造力，这使自由舞成为了一种充满创意和活力的表现形式。
自由舞的起源可以追溯到二十世纪初期。
当时，现代舞蹈的创始人伯特霍德·夫斯利希（Isadora Duncan）开始在美国向舞蹈的传统形式挑战。
他认为，传统的舞蹈形式过于死板，无法表现出舞者真正的个性和情感。
因此，伯特霍德提出了让舞蹈表现出人的自然状态的观点，并创造了许多灵活的舞蹈动作，这就是现代舞蹈的先驱。
在伯特霍德的影响下，自由舞得到了更加广泛的发展。
它不再遵循舞蹈传统的限制，舞者可以根据自己的个性和思想去表现自己。
在自由舞中，舞者可以舞蹈、即兴、自由探索身体的各种可能性。
自由表达是自由舞的关键，它给予了舞者更多的自由度。
自由舞的特点包括：第一，舞者可以自由地表达自己的情感。
在自由舞中，舞者可以将INNER的情感和创造力融入其中，表达出他们真实的感受。
舞者可以面对观众呈现出自己的喜怒哀乐、激情或沉静，他们能够轻松地让观众了解到他们的感情状态。
第二，自由舞不受限于特定的舞蹈形式。
在自由舞中，就算是观众不熟悉的动作，舞者也可以尝试去融入自己的创意和表达方式中。
在这种形式下，舞者能够不断尝试和创新，使得表演更加富有创意和生命力。
第三，自由舞可以通过音乐和其他元素来陪衬表演。
自由舞可以在不同的音乐和场景下进行，让观众感受到更丰富的表演元素。
这些元素包括：服装、灯光、舞台布置乃至于舞者本身的动作和表情。
在舞蹈表演的情境下，这些元素共同营造出一种独特的视觉和听觉体验。
第四，自由舞鼓励创造性。
自由舞鼓励舞者在表演过程中自由创作，并且可以进行现场即兴创作。
艾莎道拉邓肯
「舞蹈是一種偉大的原始藝術，是一種能喚 醒其他藝術的藝術」。
她使現代舞發展成為一種重要的舞蹈藝術。
著作有《鄧肯自傳》和《論舞蹈藝術》
她的舞蹈創新一始在美國並沒有受到重視 。
1897年她前往英國、法國，她的舞蹈藝術受 到歐洲第一流的詩人、畫家、音樂家、雕塑 家等藝術家的重視。 她先後在歐洲各地旅行，在布達佩斯的上演 首先引起轟動，逐漸成為歐洲著名的舞蹈家 ，她到歐洲各地訪問博物館，她到義大利和 雅典拜訪希臘羅馬的古代藝術，從中吸取藝 術營養，她的舞蹈迅速風靡全歐洲。
1897年她前往英國法國她的舞蹈藝術受到歐洲第一流的詩人畫家音樂家雕塑她先後在歐洲各地旅行在布達佩斯的上演首先引起轟動逐漸成為歐洲著名的舞蹈家她到歐洲各地訪問博物館她到義大利和雅
現代舞的創始者 艾莎道拉·鄧肯
艾莎道拉·鄧肯 Isadora Duncan
1878.5.6—1927.9.14 著名舞蹈家，現代舞的創始人 世界上第一位披頭赤腳在舞臺 上表演的藝術家。
出生於加利福尼亞舊金山
父母離異，隨做家庭音樂教師的母親為生， 家境貧寒。
從小具有對舞蹈的熱愛和天才，但沒有受過 正規舞蹈教育，曾有機會學習芭蕾舞，但只 上了三課。完全依靠自學，讀了大量文學作 品，從繪畫、詩歌、音樂、雕塑、建築等各 種藝術中吸取營養，將解釋性舞蹈提高到了 創造性的藝術地位。
主張舞蹈應建立在自然的節奏和動作上，以 本能的舞蹈節奏出發去詮釋音樂。
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【Isadora Duncan】
Isadora Duncan was born in San Francisco, California in eighteen
seventy-seven. She was called “the mother of modern dance”.
Duncan said,”Nature is the source of the dance.” She fruqently danced barefoot at garden parties wearing white long white tunics, which was the kind of a loose clothe that could be used to hide her body. The kind of dancing Isadora wanted to do was new and different from other dances at the time. She thought dancing should be an art ,not just entertainment.
Duncan do not like ballet. She said that ballet dancers had too many rules to follow about how they should stand and bend and move. She said ballet was "ugly and against nature." She wanted her "modern" dance style to be free and natural. Isadora liked to move her arms and legs in very smooth motions. She said this was like waves in the ocean, or trees swaying in the wind.
【伊莎多拉·邓肯】
她被称为“现代舞之母”、“伟大艺术家”，被视为“把解释性舞蹈提升为创造性艺术的先驱者”。
她把舞蹈从人为的技术性限制中解放出来，使舞蹈摆脱了空洞与做作的动作技巧的依赖。
邓肯认为人所作的舞蹈动作都存在于自然界，真正的舞蹈重视最美的人类形体。
她赞叹女人身体的精妙，为此创造了无与伦比的优雅的舞蹈，并高呼“芭蕾一点也不美”。
因为她所追求的是一种开放、自由的舞蹈动作，在服装上，她放弃了传统的舞衣，该穿宽松群跑，赤双足，她把浑身的自由糅合到舞动的身体里去了。