主谓一致
【学习目标】1．掌握英语主谓一致的一般规律，熟练运用人称和数上与主语保持一致的原则。
2．能够在书面表达中杜绝主谓一致方面的错误。
【重点难点】1．谓语动词用单数的种种情况。
2．就近原则。
3．定语从句中的主谓一致。
【使用说明】本语法学案难度较大。
希望大家仔细研读，认真领会，能独立在40分钟内完成。
【自学指导】事实上，从小学到现在同学们学习英语的八年中，主谓一致和大家一直相伴左右。
现在无非就是进行了综合归纳。
建议大家随着讲解，一一恢复这八年关于主谓一致的记忆。
【自主学习】主谓一致指的是谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。
处理主谓一致问题，可依据三项原则：语法上一致、意义上一致和就近一致。
根据这些原则，总结如下：(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数动词。
例如：To work hard _____ necessary.努力工作是必要的。
Reading without comprehension is no good.只读不理解是不好的。
It pays to work hard. 天道酬勤。
(2)表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用_____。
例如：Two weeks was too long.两周太长了。
Ten dollars is a small sum.十美元是个小数目。
Five times five makes twenty five.五乘以五是二十五。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.一只半香蕉留在桌子上。
(3)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟as well as (以及)，no less than (不少于……，多达)，rather than(而不是)，more than(不止是，超过)，but(除了)，except(除……外)，besides( 加之，还有)，with(和……一起，和……一块儿)，along with(跟……一起)，accompanied by ( 由……陪同)，combined with(加上)，in addition to(除……以外)，including(包括)，together with(与……一起)等，谓语动词仍用______形式。
Every teacher as well as his students _____ (hope) to see their progress.(4)某些不定代词，如：either, neither, each, one, other, another, anybody, anyone, anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one, nothing 等，当他们做主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
例如：Each of the boys ____ an apple.每个孩子都有苹果。
Somebody is using the phone.有人正在用电话。
Everything around us is matter.我们周围一切都是物质。
(5)用and连接的并列成分前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时，意义为单数，动词也相应地用单数形式。
例如：In China, every boy and girl ____ the right to compulsory education.在中国每个儿童都有权利接受义务教育。
(注意：上学期练习题中曾经考查过)Each man and woman who ____ the TOEFL is supposed to get the score report in five weeks.参加托福考试的每个人都能在五个星期内收到成绩通知单。
Many a student and teacher _____ seen the film.不少老师和学生都看过这部影片。
(6) none(of+名词或代词)在正式文体中被看做单数，谓语动词用单数，但非正式文体中也可以用复数。
例如：None of us seem to have thought of it.我们中似乎没有人想到它。
“Is there any letter for me?” “Sorry, there’s none.”“有我的信吗”?“对不起，没有。
”None of the drivers has (have) turned up.一个司机都没有来。
【探究提升】(1)用and, both...and连接的并列主语，或在both,(a)few, many, several等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式。
例如：Plastics and rubber never rot.塑料和橡胶永不生锈。
He and I _____classmates when we were at college.他和我大学时曾是同班同学。
____ _____these novels _____ interesting.这两部小说都有意思。
Few people know it.几乎无人知道。
(2)集体名词people, police, public, militia, cattle, class, youth等，常用复数形式的谓语动词。
例如：The Chinese people are brave and hardworking.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
Most police wear uniforms.绝大多数警察穿制服。
The cattle are grazing in the sunshine.一群牛在阳光下吃草。
(3)当表示民族的词与冠词合用充当主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The Japanese were once very aggressive.日本人曾是很具有侵略性的。
The English are more conservative and less talkative than the Americans.英国人比美国人保守且不爱说话。
(4)某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人。
作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：The rich ____ not always selfish.富人不总是自私的。
The wounded are well treated here.伤员在这儿接受良好治疗。
The aged _____ from various miseries in this country.老年人在这个国家承受各种悲惨遭遇。
(5)不可数名词作主语，其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
例如：Three million tons of coal were exported that year.那年出口三百万吨煤。
Two million square meters of housing were constructed in my hometown last year.我的家乡去年盖了二百万平方米的住宅。
1.就近原则。
有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致，主要有以下两种情况：(1)用连词either...or, neither...nor, whether...or, not only...but(also),or等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。
例如：What he does or what he says does not concern me.他做什么或是他说什么与我无关。
Either the boy or the girl knows him well.不是这男孩就是那女孩了解他。
Neither money nor fame____ ______ on me. 钱和荣誉都不会让我动心。
Not only you but also he is wrong.你和他都错了。
(2)在倒装结构中，谓语动词往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。
例如：Where is your mother and younger sisters?你的母亲和妹妹们在哪里?____ ___a book, two pencils and some buttons on the table.在桌子上，有一本书，两支铅笔和一些扣子。
2.集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。
这些集体名词如：army, audience, band ,government ,group ,flock, police, public ,staff ,team ,troop. Crowd, firm, family 等等例如：The family _____ the basic unit of our society.家庭是社会的基本单元。
The family _____ watching TV.全家人正在看电视。
The committee meets twice a month.委员会一月开两次会。
The committee are divided in opinion.委员会意见有分歧。
The audience _____ enormous.观众人很多。
The audience ______ greatly moved at the words.听了这话听众都很感动。
3.一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。
名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。
这些短语有：a lot of(lots of),plenty of, a heap of (heaps of),half of, two thirds of, ninety percent of, part of, rest of, some of, none of等。
例如：Lots of damage _____ caused by the fire.火灾造成了很大的损失。
Two thirds of people present _____ women.在场三分之二的人是妇女。
40 percent of the students _____ from the south of China.40%的学生来自中国的南方。
____ number of students _____ late.许多同学迟到了。
4.定语从句中关系代词做主语时，其谓语动词的数必须与其先行词一致。
例如：I, who ____ your friend, will try my best to help you.我作为你的朋友会尽力帮助你。
高一语法：主谓一致
汉语很难学。
Chinese are very hospitable.
中国人非常好客。
三、谓语动词用单复数均可
3.以-ics 结尾的词作主语时，表示学科时，谓语动 词用单数形式；表示特定事物时，谓语动词用复 数形式。 例如： Statistics is a branch of mathematics.
雅典是希腊的首都。
Good news comes.
好消息来了。
一、谓语动词用单数
8.单个的不定式短语，动名词或名词性从句做主语时，谓 语动词用单数形式。 例如： To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
Reading is important in second language acquisition.
我校有一百多名学生来自南方。
一、谓语动词用单数
5.由each …and each…，every…and every…,many a …and many a …,no…and no…做主语时，谓语动 词用单数形式。 例如： Every boy and every girl was asked to show their identity card.
老年人受到年轻人的尊敬。
The accused is involved in a case.
被告涉嫌了这起案件。
三、谓语动词用单复数均可
5.用and连接的两个名词作主语，表示同一个人或 事物时，谓语动词用单数；表示不同的人或事物 时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例如： The singer and dancer is from Dunhuang.
李明是从那个大学毕业的最聪明的学生。
四、主谓一致的特殊结构
5.主语后带有as well as、along with、together with、 rather than、but、except等引起的介词短语时，谓语动 词的单复数和主语的单复数相一致。 例如： A doctor together with two nurses , has been sent to that poor village to help sick people.
主谓一致的规则及例句分析
主谓一致的规则及例句分析主谓一致是英语语法中一个重要的准则。
它要求主语和谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。
具体而言，当主语是单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式；而当主语是复数时，则应使用复数形式。
本文将对主谓一致的规则进行详细讲解，并通过例句来进一步分析。
一、基本规则主谓一致的基本规则是，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：1. She likes to read books.（她喜欢读书。
）2. He goes to school every day.（他每天去上学。
）3. The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。
）另外，当主语为第一人称（I）、第二人称（you）或复数形式时，谓语动词也要保持一致。
例如：1. We are going to the park.（我们要去公园。
）2. You need to study harder.（你需要更加努力学习。
）3. They enjoy listening to music.（他们喜欢听音乐。
）二、特殊情况在某些特殊情况下，主谓一致的规则可能会有所变化。
下面将介绍其中几种常见的情况。
1. 带有复数意义的名词：有些名词本身是复数形式，但表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
例如：The United States is a developed country.（美国是一个发达国家。
）My glasses need cleaning.（我的眼镜需要清洗。
）2. 连接词and：当连词and连接两个主语时，如果主语是同一个人或物，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果主语是不同的人或物，则谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：Tom and Jerry is a famous cartoon.（汤姆和杰里是一部著名的卡通片。
）My father and I are going to the movies.（我爸爸和我要去看电影。
）3. 具有共同身份的单数名词：一些单数名词，尽管在形式上是单数，但表示一类事物时，谓语动词仍用复数形式。
主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解
主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由 either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1）学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics政治学新闻; news体操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子 compasses 圆规glasses眼镜 gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子scissors剪子 shoes鞋子shorts短裤 socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词（a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产 clothes衣服 plasticsearnings收入 goods货物leavings剩余 savings储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind 表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物.2）people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in China3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army， assembly议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群 jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5）hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6）fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of asort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. 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主谓一致
主谓一致主谓一致是指两个语法成分，即主语和谓语，之间的协调成分。
在英语中，主谓一致主要是指用作主语的名词或代词和用作谓语的动词在人称、数、性格等方面的一致。
通常遵循三个原则，即就近原则和语法原则。
1.就近原则谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词或代词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
（1）在“名（代）词+or+名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与or后的名（代）词一致。
He or his brothers were to blame .应该怪他或他的兄弟们。
You or Mary is going to meet them at the station this afternoon .今天下午你或玛丽将到火车站接他们。
（2）“either+名（代）词+or +名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与or后的名（代）词一致。
Either the shirts or the sweater is a good buy这些衬衣，或者这件毛衣，买了是会合算的。
Either dye or oil paints are used to colour cloth .给布料上色要么用染料，要么用油漆。
(3)“not only +名（代）词+but (also)+名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与but(also)后的名（代）词一致。
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjooying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部电影，他们的老师也在欣赏这部电影。
Not only our society but also the people in it have changed .不仅是他父母，而且他本人都想团聚在一起。
（4）“neither +名（代）词+nor +名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与nor 后的名（代）词一致。
主谓一致的原则
主谓一致的原则主谓一致是英语语法中的基本原则之一，指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
主谓一致的正确运用能够使句子表达更加准确，符合语言规范。
本文将详细介绍主谓一致的原则，并通过一些例子来加深理解。
一、基本原则在英语句子中，主语和谓语之间必须保持一致，具体包括以下几个方面：1. 人称一致：主语是第一人称（I、we）、第二人称（you）或第三人称（he、she、it、they）时，谓语动词的形式必须与之一致。
例如：- I am a student.（我是一名学生。
）- He sings beautifully.（他唱得很美。
）2. 数一致：主语是单数形式时，谓语动词的形式也要用单数；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词的形式也要用复数。
例如：- The dog barks loudly.（这只狗叫得很大声。
）- The birds are chirping.（鸟儿正在鸣叫。
）3. 特殊情况：有些特殊情况下，主谓一致的原则会有一些变化。
例如：- 不定代词：somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody等当作主语时，谓语动词形式使用第三人称单数形式。
例如：Nobody wants to go with me.（没有人想和我一起去。
）- 连接词：and连接的主语，如果表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词的形式使用第三人称单数形式；如果表示不同的人或物时，谓语动词的形式使用第三人称复数形式。
例如：Tom and Jerry is a famous cartoon.（汤姆和杰瑞是一部著名的卡通片。
）The boys and girls are playing in the park.（男孩和女孩们正在公园里玩耍。
）二、例题分析为了更好地理解主谓一致原则，以下通过一些例题来进行详细分析。
例题1：The team _____ working on the project.（be）在这个例句中，主语是"the team"，是单数形式，因此谓语动词的形式应该使用单数，填入be的单数形式"is"，句子变为："The team is working on the project."例题2：He and his friends _____ going to the concert.（be）在这个例句中，主语是"he and his friends"，表示多个人，因此谓语动词的形式应该使用复数，填入be的复数形式"are"，句子变为："He and his friends are going to the concert."例题3：One of the students _____ the exam.（fail）在这个例句中，主语是"one of the students"，表示多个学生中的一个，因此谓语动词的形式应该使用第三人称单数，填入fail的第三人称单数形式"fails"，句子变为："One of the students fails the exam."三、常见错误在使用主谓一致时，常见的错误包括以下几种：1. 混淆主谓的人称和数：主语与谓语之间的人称和数要保持一致，不可以混淆。
主谓一致的句子举例
主谓一致的句子举例
1. 我和你一起去逛街，可不是你一个人说了算的呀！就像划船需要两个人齐心协力，主谓可不能不一致呀！比如“我和你去购物”，这多和谐呀！
2. 大家一起做游戏的时候，每个人都要遵守规则哦，这跟主谓一致是一个道理呀！“大家玩得很开心”，这里的“大家”和“玩”就是一致的呀，多棒！
3. 他们在公园里尽情玩耍，难道不是所有人都很快乐吗？正如句子“他们在欢笑”，多自然的主谓一致呀！
4. 你看那鸟儿飞翔在天空，“鸟儿飞”，主谓多么一致呀，就像鱼儿在水中畅游一样顺畅！
5. 我们举办派对，所有人都嗨起来了呀！就像正确的句子“我们欢乐”，这是多么理所当然呀！
6. 他在舞台上表演，光芒四射呀，这和“他闪耀”这样主谓一致的表达一样精彩呢！
7. 她在厨房里忙碌地做饭，不正是“她劳作”这样一致的场景嘛，多生活呀！
8. 老师们辛勤地教书育人，就如同“老师们耕耘”这般和谐一致呀！
结论：主谓一致真的很重要呀，能让我们的表达更加清晰明了、自然流畅呀！。
主谓一致
主谓一致
3-4两个抽象名词用作主语时 谓语动词用单数或复数均可。例如 两个抽象名词用作主语时, 谓语动词用单数或复数均可。例如: 两个抽象名词用作主语时 • His courage and endurance is (或are) admirable . 他的勇气 或 和耐心令人称赞。 和耐心令人称赞。 • Care and understanding is (或are ) important . 关怀和理解 或 是重要的。 是重要的。 当justice and law(正义与法律 , time and tide(岁月 , fairness 正义与法律) 岁月) 正义与法律 岁月 and impartiality(公正和不偏不倚 等作主语时 故谓语用单数或 公正和不偏不倚)等作主语时 公正和不偏不倚 等作主语时, 复数均可
主谓一致
• 意义一致
• 1）逻辑一致是指谓语动词的形式不取决于主语的表层语法形 ） 而取决于它的深层逻辑含义。虽然一个做主语的名词的形 深层逻辑含义 态，而取决于它的深层逻辑含义。虽然一个做主语的名词的形 式是单数，但如果它表示的是复数的含义 谓语动词也应用复 复数的含义， 式是单数，但如果它表示的是复数的含义，谓语动词也应用复 数形式，反之亦然。 数形式，反之亦然。有时同一个词在不同的语境表示不同的逻 辑意义，则需要依据其含义使用不同的动词形式，应注意体味、 辑意义，则需要依据其含义使用不同的动词形式，应注意体味、 把握不同的动词形式，应注意体味、 把握不同的动词形式，应注意体味、把握不同的动词形式所体 现的主语的确切的逻辑含义：离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等 时间、 2-1. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等 度量的名词短语做主语时， 名词短语做主语时 度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数 Two weeks was too long . Eighty dollars is what she needs . 她需要 美元。 她需要80 美元。 Ten apples is enough . ( = Such a number of apples) •Note: 但若强调这类词组的复数意义, 谓语动词也可用复数 但若强调这类词组的复数意义 形式。例如: 形式。例如 Two hundred tons of water were used last month . 上个月用 吨水。 了200 吨水。 The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours . 优胜者花3 小时跑完了50 英里路程。 优胜者花 小时跑完了 英里路程。
主谓一致讲解
The knife and fork is on the desk.
刀叉放在桌子上。
with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but 等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与 前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例 如：
6. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
7. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
12. 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词 作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动 词用单数。如：
❖Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。
❖Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。
15. 由here, there等引导的倒装句中， 若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近 的主语保持一致。如：
主谓一致
主谓一致一、主谓一致概述1、主谓一致的定义：谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。
2、主谓一致的原则分类：①语法形式一致原则：在语法形式上取得一致。
如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
②逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。
③就近一致原则：谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。
二、主谓一致考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：语法形式一致的原则考点1：以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
典型例句Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years. 在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. 开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep. 你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。
考点2：由and或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。
典型例句Swimming and walking are good exercises. 游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college. 他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends. 约翰和安都有笔友。
英语语法---主谓一致
第一讲主谓一致“一致”（Concord 或Agreement）是指句子成分之间词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。
主要有主语与动词的一致，主语与补语的一致，限定词与名词中心词的一致，人称代词与并列和非并列先行词的一致，名词与名词或代词的一致。
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和数的方面的一致关系，这又叫做“主——动一致”（Subject ——verb Concord）。
1. 主谓一致三原则主语和随后的动词(词组)，即谓语动词之间的一致关系常为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则(Grammar Concord)，意义一致原则(Notional Concord)和就近原则(Principle of Proximity)。
1.1 语法一致指作主语的名词中心词是复数，动词就用复数形式；如果名词中心词是单数名词或不可数名词，动词就用单数形式。
例如：Both boys have their own merits.In my heart are peace and goodwill.The elevator works very well.Much effort is wasted.1.2 意义∕概念一直指主语和动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。
有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的动词就用复数；主语在语法形式上是复数，而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词用单数。
例如：The jury has asked more time.The jury are unable to agree.Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test.“ Senior citizens” means people over sixty.1.3 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式，而不是与充当主语的名词短语中心词相一致。