高级中学英语高三第一轮深刻复习资料

高中英语必修五高三第一轮复习资料Unit 1 Great Scientists

I.词语辨析

II. 词形变化

Ⅲ．重点词汇

1. conclude vi.终结；结束; 推断；决定

[典例]

1）The meeting concluded at ten o'clock. 会议于十点钟结束。

2）It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。

[重点用法]

conclusion n. 结束,结论

make／draw／reach／come to／arrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论；bring sth. to a conclusion使…结束；

in conclusion作为结论，最后；

[练习] 汉译英

1）我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地。

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2）我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。

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Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.

2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with

2) 出席；到场：3)照看；照料：=take care; look after

[典例]

1）We'll attend to the problem later．稍后我们将关注那个问题。

2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?

[重点用法]

attendance n．出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料

attend school上学

attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议

attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼‘/参加典礼

[练习] 汉译英

1）他们在我们不在时管理事务。

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2) 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。

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Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.

3. expose vt.

1)使暴露, 显露2)曝光3)揭露

[重点用法]

exposure n．(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒(后接to + n．)；(摄影的)曝光

be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于…

[典例]

1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music

称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐

2）This film has been exposed. 这片子已经感光。

3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。

4）Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry．我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。5）As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.

[练习]用expose的恰当形式填空。

1）The soil was washed away by the flood，_____________bare rock．

2）The baby was left ____________the wind and rain．

3）The _____________of the plot against the President probably saved his life．Keys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to 3) exposure

4. absorb

1) 吸收2)使(精神)贯注3)占用(时间)

[重点用法]

be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;

absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意力

[典例]

1）The equipment can absorb moisture from the air这一设备能从空中吸收水分

2）He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。

3）This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。

[练习] 汉译英

1）颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。

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2）这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。

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Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily. 2) The new

shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.

5. blame vt．责备；谴责；归咎于；

n．责怪；(过失、过错等)责任

[典例]

1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday．

那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?

3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure．学生因失败而怪老师。

[重点用法]

blame sb．for(doing)sth．因(做)某事而指责某人

blame sth．on sb．因某事而指责某人

sb．be to blame for(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；

注意: be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)。

[练习] 汉译英

1）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.

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2）这件事谁也不能怨.

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3）他指责你玩忽职守.

__

Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.

6. instruct vt教导; 指示

[典例]

1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课. 2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English

这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.

3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知

4）He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。

[重点用法]

instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教导,传授技能

instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,

instruct that-clause通知

[练习] 汉译英

1）老职工对青年职工言传身教.

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2）同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里.

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Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words, but by deeds.

2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.

7. contribute vi．&vt．捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿

[典例]

1）He contributed to the church．他向教会捐款。

2）He often contributes to this newspaper．他经常向这家报社投稿。

3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer．吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。

[重点用法]

contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿

contribute…to …向……捐献(投稿)

contribute to…促成，起作用，有助于

make a contribution to／towards向……捐赠；对…作出贡献

注意: 以上短语中to为介词；

[练习]用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。

1) Everyone is encouraged to ___________ the discussion.

2) Her work has ___________ our understanding of this difficult subject.

3) She has __________ poems to literary magazines．

Keys: 1) contribute to 2) contributed to 3) contributed

Ⅳ重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1．put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名

[典例]

1）He put forward a new plan yesterday．他昨天提出一个新计划。

2）May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席?

[短语归纳]

put on穿上；增加put on performances演出

put an end to结束；终止put off推迟；延期；

put one's heart into全神贯注于put down写下

put out生产；扑灭put back放回；送回

put up举起；张贴

[练习]用put构成的短语填空:

1)You can take anything from the shelf，but please _______ the books when you've finished with them．

2)He often _______ some useful advice.

Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward

2．apart from 除……之外;另外

[典例]

1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher．除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很

好的老师。

2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesn't suit me．姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。

[短语归纳]

in addition to除……之外(还有,包括在内)

besides 除……之外(还有,包括在内)

except (for)除……之外除……之外(还有,不包括在内)

except that 除了…除……之外(还有,不包括在内)

[练习]选择以上短语填空。

1)As a senior student, we study other subjects _________ English.

2)Your article is well written ________ some spelling mistakes.

Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for

3.make sense讲得通；有意义

[典例]

What he says makes sense．他说的有道理。

Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?

What you say is true in a sense．你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。

[短语归纳]

make no sense讲不通；无意义make sense of 了解,明白

in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上

[练习] 汉译英

1）老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。

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2）从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。

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Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense.

2) The film is full of meaning in a sense.

V重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去．

[解释] every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”[典例]

1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us．

每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。

2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.

一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。

[练习] 汉译英

１）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书．

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２）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。

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３）我一见到他就把这封信给他。

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４）我一接到你的信就来了。

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Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her．3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him．4) I came directly I got the letter．．

2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚．[解释]Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装．

［练习］汉译英

１) 只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题．

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２) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵．

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Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.

3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it …..

他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转．

[解释]with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等．

［典例］

1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。

2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。

[练习] 汉译英

1）老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友．

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2）随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了．

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Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.

2) With the test finished, we began our holiday.

课文要点（模块）

Ⅰ课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called "King Cholera" hit Londoners, which often 1 （导致）large numbers of 2 (dead). Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 3 , this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 . So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked 6 the 7 （受害者）had lived. As a result, he found out that the 8 (污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 （检查）immediately. Finally "King Cholera" 10 (defeat).

答案：1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. where

7. victims

8. polluted 9. be examined 10. was defeated

Ⅱ课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）

阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语

这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是19世纪发生在伦敦的一种致命的疾病。在斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。

The main idea of this passage is that

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________________________________________________________________________________________ _______

答案：The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow' s great efforts, the disease was finally under control.

Ⅲ课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）

1【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon－( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入语), that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her

babies.

[模仿要点]两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。

【模仿1】. 张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。

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答案：Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our school—so kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入语), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill. 【模仿2】李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋我想晚上不到11点他不会上床睡觉的。

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答案：Li Ping is a hard-working boy in my class－so diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night.

2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led

to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. [模仿要点] 冒号加that从句

【模仿1】虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。

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答案：Though she didn’t believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boy friend cheated her.

【模仿2】尽管他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论：不劳不获__________________________________________________________________________________

答案：Though he was very clever，he didn’t work hard and all his failure ( that she experienced) this term led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains.

3【原句】He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.

[模仿要点] 句子结构：with 的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词。

【模仿1】当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。在花坛的两边是两个高大的楼房：左边是教学楼，右边是图书馆。

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答案：When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides—the library on your right and the teaching building on your left.

【模仿2】井底之蛙，永远看不到天空的广阔，“好男儿志在四方”，让我们踏歌而行，看高高的灯塔照亮我们远航的路。（with 结构作状语）

__________________________________________________________________________________ The frog at the bottom of the well is always blind to the extension of the sky. “Ambitious men aims far.”Let's get started, with the tall lighthouse guiding our long voyage, and with the voice of singing accompanying.

单元自测（模块）

1. 完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最

Lang Lang went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight. “You need 1 ,”his father said. “But if you don’t work hard, no fortune will come.”

What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him. As a nine-year-old boy Lang Lang was badly 2 . He decided that he didn’t want to be a 3 any more. For the next two weeks he didn’t touch the piano. 4 , his father didn’t push, but waited.

Luckily, the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didn’t want to, but as he placed his fingers on the piano key, he 5 that he could show others that he had talent after all.

In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition, when it was 6 that Lang Lang had won, he was too 7 to hold back his tears. Soon it was clear that he couldn’t stay in China forever—he had to play on the world’s big 8 . In 1997