国际营销英语(知识点整理)
全球市场营销重要知识点罗列(中英文)

全球市场营销重要知识点罗列(中英文)Global marketing Chapter one掌握:营销概念:Although marketing is universal, marketing practice, of course,varies from country to country.了解:The market conceptThe New concept of marketing and the Four Ps: shifted the focus of marketing from the product to the customer.The strategic 1.concept of marketing: shifted the focus of marketing from the customer or the product to the customer in the context of the broader external environment.2.the strategic concept of marketing has shifted the focus of marketing from a microeconomics maximization paradigm to a focus of managing strategic partnerships and positioning the firm between vendors and customers in the value chain with the aim and purpose of creating value for customers.掌握:THE THREE PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING1.Customer value and the value equationThe task of marketing is to create customer value that is greater than the value created by competitors./doc/1312473186.html,petitive or differential advantageThe advantage can exist in any element of the company’s offer: the product, the price, the advertising and point-of-sale promotion, or the distribution of the product.V=B/P3.FocusThe third marketing principle is focus, or the concentration of attention.掌握:全球本土化概念(global localization):it means asuccessful global marketer must have the ability to “think globally and act locally”掌握:MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION1.Ethnocentric (母国中心)---------international companyHome country is superior, sees similarities in foreign countries2.Polycentric(东道国中心)-----------multinational companyEach host country is unique sees differences in foreign countries3.Regiocentric(区域中心)----------global companySees similarities and differences in the world region; is ethnocentric or polycentric the rest of the world.4.Geocentric (世界中心)-------------transnational companyWorldview, sees similarities and differences in home and host countries.了解:Leverage定义:Leverage is simply some type of advantage that a company enjoys by virtue of the fact that it conducts business in more than one country.类型:1.experience transfers(经验移植) 2.Scale economies (规模经济:可降低成本)3.resource utilization (资源利用)4.global strategy(全球化战略)Chapter two了解ECONOMIC SYSTEMS1.Market allocationA market allocation system is one that relies on consumers to allocate resources.Consumers“write” the economic plan by deciding what will be produced by whom./doc/1312473186.html,mand or centralplan allocationIn a command allocation system, the state has broad powers to serve the public interest.These include deciding which products to make and how to make them.3. Mixed allocation了解STAGES OF MARKET DEVELOMENTUsing GNP as a base , we have divided global markets into four categories.1.low-income countries(also known as preindustrial countries)2.lower-middle-income countries(also known as less developed countries or LDCs)3.upper-middle-income countries(also known as industrializing countries)4.high-income countries(also known as advanced , industrialized, postindustrial countries) chapter three 了解:BASIC ASPERTS OF SOCIETY AND CULTURE①It is learned, not innate②The various facts of culture are interrelated, influence or change one aspect of a culture and everything else is affected.③It is shared by members of groups and defines the boundaries between different groups.掌握:High and low context cultures强交际环境文化和弱交际环境文化的对比(看73页表) In low context cultures,①messages have to be explicit.②A person's word is not t o be relied on.③Paperwork is important.In high context cultures,①less information is contained in the verbal part of message.② A person's value, position, background are crucial.掌握:Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 马斯洛需求层次理论①physiological 生理需求②safety 安全需求③social 社交需求④esteem 尊重⑤self-actualization 自我实现掌握:Hofstede Framework 霍夫斯诺德构架(看细节)①individualism versus collectivism 个人主义与集体主义②power distance 权力距离③uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避⑤masculinity versus femininity 男权主义相对女权主义了解:THE SELF-REFERENCE CRITERION AND PERCEPTION As we have shown, a person’s perception of market needs is framed by his or her own cultural experience.了解:ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY(了解80页表格)Environmental sensitivity is the extent to which products must be adapted to the culture-specific needs of different national markets. (对环境中最敏感的东西是food)Chapter four了解POLITICAL RISK (经济发达阶段和政治风险的关系,经济越不发达政治风险越高)了解征用(EXPROPRIATION)定义:Expropriation refers to governmental action to dispossess a company or investor.没收(CONPENSATION)定义:compensation is generally provided to foreign investors,although not often in the “prompt effective ,and adequate”manner provided for by international standard.国有化(NATIONALIZATION)定义:Nationalization occurs ifownership of the property or assets in question is transferred to the host government.了解:Differences of the two systems in solving commercial disputes两种法律体系在解决商务纠纷中的区别common law versus civil law(code law)①Under common law, commercial disputes are subjected to either civil or commercial laws. Under code law, commercial disputes are subjected to the commercial code.②Under common law, industrial property right based on proof of agreement.Under code law, industrial property right based on notarization or registration③Under common law, Performance of contract: Act of God/act of nature means extraordinary happenings not reasonably anticipated.Under code law, Performance of contract: Act of God is extended to include unavoidable interferences such as strike or riots (Force Majeure)掌握:Three bases for jurisdiction in resolving private international disputes处理国际争端的3种基本司法程序①negotiation调解协商②Arbitration仲裁③Litigation 诉讼Chapter five掌握:DIFFUSION THEORY(传播理论)(AIETA)Five stages of the adoption process 对新产品接纳过程的五个阶段①Awareness 知晓阶段②Interest 感兴趣阶段③Evaluation 评价阶段④Trial 试用阶段⑤Adoption 采纳阶段Five types of adopter categories 新产品接纳者的5种类型②innovators②early adopters(Early adopters are the most influential people in their communities,even more than the innovators. Thus. The early adopters are a critical group in the adoption process )③early majority④late majority⑤laggards (落后者)掌握:Characteristics of innovations(创新的特征)1.Relative advantage(相对优势)/doc/1312473186.html,patibility(兼容性)/doc/1312473186.html,plexity(复杂性)4.Divisibility(可分性)/doc/1312473186.html,municability(可交流性)Chapter six了解Information subject agenda (理解168页表格)了解SCANNING MODES(搜寻模式): SURVEILLANCE AND SEARCH监视的两种类型Surveillance include: viewing and monitoring 了解营销信息的主要来源(sources of market information):1.human sources (人)2.documentary sources(文档资源)3.internet sources(因特网来源)4. Direct perception(直接感知)了解FORMAL MARKETING RESEARCH(正式的市场调研)Step 1: Identifying the research problemStep 2: Developing a research planStep 3: Collecting data (看细节secondary data, primary data, survey research)Step 4: Analyzing research dataStep 5: Presenting the findingsChapter seven掌握市场细分的定义: Market segmentation is the process of subdividing a market into distinct subsets of customers that behave in the same way or have similar needs.掌握全球市场细分的定义:Global market segmentation is the process of dividing the world market into distinct subsets of customers that behave in the same way or have similar needs.掌握全球市场的主要细分的标准(criteria)(知道归属):1.Geographic segmentation2.Demographic segmentation3.Psychographic segmentation4.Behavior segmentation5.Benefit segmentation掌握全球目标市场确定的定义:T argeting is the act of evaluating and comparing the identified groups and then selecting one or more of them as the prospect(s) with the highest potential.掌握选择目标市场的标准(criteria):1.current segment size and growth potential2.potential competition/doc/1312473186.html,patibility and feasibility掌握选择目标市场的策略:1.standardized global marketing2.concentrated global marketing3.differentiated global marketing掌握全球产品定位(Global product positioning)定义:Positioning is the location of your product in the mind of your customer.Chapter eight掌握出口市场选择的六大标准(MARKET SELECTION CRITERIA):1.market potential(市场潜量)2.market access (市场潜入因素)3.shipping costs(运输成本及时间)4.potential competition(潜在竞争)5.service requirement(服务要求)6.product fit(产品适应性)了解ENTRY AND EXPANSION DECISION MODEL(进入和扩张决策模型,第237页)掌握依托营销(Piggyback Marketing)的定义:The manufacturer using the piggyback arrangement does so at a cost that is much lower than that required for any direct arrangement. Successful piggyback marketing requires that the combined product lines be complement. They must appeal to the same customers, and they must not be competitive with each other.掌握许可贸易(licensing)的定义:Licensing can be defined as a contractual arrangement whereby one company(the licensee) makes an asset available to another company(the licensing) in exchange for royalties, license fees, or some other form of compensation. The licensed asset may be a patent, trade secret, or company name.其中,Franchising is a form of licensing了解Joint Ventures(第247页)了解市场扩张战略(5 MARKET EXPANSION STRATEGIES):1.Strategy one: concentrates on a few segments in a few countries.2.Strategy two: country concentration and segment diversification3.Strategy three: country diversification and market segment concentration4.Strategy four: country and segment diversificationChapter nine了解全球战略联盟的三个特点:1.The participants remain independent subsequent to the formation of the alliance2.The participants share the benefits of the alliance as well as control over the performance ofassigned tasks.3.The participants make ongoing contributions in technology, products, and other key strategicareas.了解全球战略同盟的六个特性(attributes)(第265页)在日本,战略联盟被称为综合商社在韩国,战略联盟被称为财阀Chapter ten掌握影响产业竞争的五种力量(Forces Influencing Competition in a Industry):1.Thread of new entrants2.Rivalry Among Existing Competitors3.Bargaining Power of Suppliers4.Bargaining Power of Buyers5.thread of Substitute Product or Services掌握新加入者的五种威胁(thread of new entrants):1.Economies of scales(规模经济)2.Product differentiation(产品差异性)3.Capital requirements(资本要求)4.Switching costs(转换成本)5.Access to distribution channels(获取分销渠道的途径)/doc/1312473186.html,ernment policy(政府政策)7.Established firms may also enjoy cost advantages independent of the scale economies(老公司享有的与规模经济无关的成本优势)掌握Porter’s basic thesis(Porter’s diamond): four national attributes of a nation shape the environment in which local firms compete.波特钻石理论中认为决定一国本地公司竞争环境的四大特征:①factor condit ions②demand conditions③related and supporting industries④firm strategy, structure, rivalryAnd two influencers: Governments and chance其中,了解要素来源(factor conditions)的分类1.Human resources2.Physical resources3.Knowledge resources4.Capital resources5.Infrastructure resources掌握要素资源的类型1.Basic versus advanced factors(基本要素与高级要素)2.Generalized(通用要素是前提条件)versus specialized factors(专门要素是企业真正竞争要素的来源)掌握创造竞争优势的一般战略:1.Broad market strategy 大市场战略Cost-Leadership Advantage(成本领先)Differentiation(差异化)2.Narrow target strategies(缩小目标范围)Focused differentiation (差异专注)Cost focus(成本专注)了解日本人创新性竞争的策略:/doc/1312473186.html,yers of advantage (优势层)2.Loose bricks(松动的砖头)3.Changing the rules(改变规则)4.Collaborating(合作)5.Hypercompetition (超级竞争)CHAPTER11了解产品含义(了解产品属于哪类)Local products(本土产品):A local product is available in a portion of a national market. National products(国家产品): A national product is one that, in the context o a particular company is offered in a single national market.International products(国际产品): international products are offered in multinational,regional markets.Global products(全球产品):global products are offered in global markets了解产品与品牌的不同(了解334页的全球品牌的特征--------地球图)A global product differs from a global brand in one important respect: it does not carry the same name and image from country to country.掌握产品定位(product positioning)的定义:product positioning is a communications strategy based on the notion of mental "space": positioning refers to the act of locating a brandin customers' minds over and against other products in terms of product attributes and benefits that the brand does and does not offer.掌握产品定位的一般策略(general strategies for positioning products)1.attribute or benefit (属性与性能)2.Quality/price(质量价格)/doc/1312473186.html,e/user (使用和使用者)4.High-tech positioning (高科技定位)5.High-touch positioning (高感性定位)掌握产品设计的四个因素(Product design considerations)Global market need to consider four factors when making product design decision:1. Preferences (偏好)2. Cost (成本)3. Laws and regulations(法律法规)4. Compatibility(兼容性)5. Labeling and instructions (标签以及用法说明)了解原产国的态度的(coo:country of origin)定义:Country of origin (often abbreviated to COO), is the country of manufacture, production, or growth where an article or product comes from. There are differing rules of origin under various national laws and international treaties掌握产品地理扩张的主要策略(5个)Strategy1:product/communication extension(dual extension) Strategy2:product extension/communication adaptationStrategy3:product adaptation/communication extensionStrategy4:dual adaptationStrategy5:product invention理解公司的三个阶段(How to choose a strategy)1.cave dweller.(洞穴居住着)2.Naive nationalist(天真的国家主义者)3.Globally sensitive(全球性敏感者)了解新产品开发的几层含义(New products in global marketing):Newness can be assessed in t h e c o n t e x t o f t h e p r o d u c t i t s e l f,t h e o r g a n i z at i o n,a n d t h e m a r ke t.1.an entirely new invention or innovation2. a line extension3.newness may also be organizational4.an existing product that is new to a company may be new to a particular market了解新产品开发的几个步骤:1.Identifying new-product ideas2.New-product development location3.Testing new products in national marketsCHAPTER 12掌握环境对定价决策的影响(Environmental influences on pricing decisions)1.Currency fluctuations(货币的不稳定性)2.Exchange rate clauses(汇率条款)3.Pricing in an inflationary environment(在通货膨胀的环境里定价)/doc/1312473186.html,ernment controls and subsidies(政府控制和补贴)/doc/1312473186.html,petitive behavior (竞争行为)6.Price and quality relationships(价格与质量的关系)掌握全球定价目标及战略(Global pricing objectives andstrategies)1. 掌握市场撇脂(Market skimming)定义:the market skimming pricing strategy is a deliberate attempt to reach a market segment that is willing to pay a premium price for a product.2. 掌握渗透式定价(Penetration pricing)定义:penetration pricing uses price as a competitive weapon to gain market position.3. 掌握市场保持(Market holding)定义:the market holding strategy is frequently adopted by companies that want to maintain their share of the market.4. 掌握成本加成价格升级Cost plus/price escalation掌握价格升级的定义:Price escalation is the increase in a product’s price as tr ansportation, duty, and distributor margins are added to the factory price.掌握灰色市场(Grey market goods)条件和定义定义:gray market goods are trademarked products that are exported from one country to another, where they are sold by unauthorized persons or organizations.条件:The marketing opportunity that presents itself requires gray market goods to be priced lower than goods sold by authorized distributors or domestically produced goods.了解倾销(Dumping) 定义:Dumping is an important global pricing strategy issue.了解转移定价(TRANSFER PRICING)的定义:transfer pricing refers to the pricing of goods and services bought and sold by operating units or divisions of a single company.了解几种转移定价的方法:The alternatives are(1)cost-based transfer pricing,(2).market-based transfer pricing(目的基于市场竞争需要的转移定价)Market-based transfer price了解定义:a market-based transfer price is derived from the price required to be competitive in the international market.(3).negotiated prices.掌握三种定价策略(GLOBAL PRICING-THREE POLICY ALTERNATIVES)1.Extension/ethnocentric2.Adaptation/polycentric3.Invention/geocentricCHAPTER 13掌握分销渠道(Channel of distribution)的定义:Channel of distribution American marketing association defines channel of distribution as"an organized network of agencies and institutions which, in combination, perform all the activities required to link producers withusers to accomplish the marketing task."掌握分销(marketing channels)的目的: The purpose of marketing channels is to create utility for customers.掌握渠道的效用:The major categories of channel utility are place (the availability of a product or service in a location that is convenient to a potential customer);time(the availability of a product or service when desired by a customer);form(the product is processed, prepared, and ready to use and in proper condition);and information(answers to questions and general communication about useful product features and benefits are available).了解两种渠道:1.Direct involvement2.Indirect involvement掌握影响渠道因素(CHANNEL OBJECTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS)1. customers characteristics2. products characteristics3. middlemen characteristics4. environment characteristics掌握中间商(Middleman characteristics)的定义:Channel strategy must recognize the characteristics of existing middlemen. Middlemen are in business to maximize their own profit and not that of the manufacturer. They are notorious for cherry picking.了解cherry picking的定义:that is, the practice of taking orders from manufacturers whose products and brands are in demand to avoid any real selling effort for a manufacturer’s products that may required push.DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS:TERMINOLOGY AND STRUCTURE 掌握消费品(CONSUMER PRODUCTS)的主要渠道1.DOOR-TO-DOOR SELLING2.MANUFACTURER-OWNED STORE3.FRANCHISE OPERATIONS/doc/1312473186.html,BINATION STUCTURES掌握工业产品(INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS)的主要渠道1.M-manufacturer2. W-wholesaler3. MSF-manufacturer's sales force4. D or A-distributor or agentCHAPTER 14掌握全球广告的定义:Global advertising is the use of the same advertising appeals, messages,art, copy, photographs, stories, and video segments in multiple-country markets.了解global advertising content: the extension versus adoption debate了解选择广告代理商的主要因素:In selecting an advertising agency, the following issues should be considered: Company organization, Area coverage, Buyer perception.CHAPTER 15(重点看选择题)掌握几种主要的促销方式(GLOBAL PROMOTION)Advertising(广告)Public Relations and Publicity (公共关系与公众度)Personal selling (个人推销)Sales promotion (营业促销)Direct Marketing(直复营销)Trade Shows and Exhibitions(贸易展示和展会)Sponsorship Promotion (赞助促销)了解公共关系的主要作用:foster goodwill and understanding among constituents both inside and outside the company.还有宣传的特征:Publicity is a nonpaid form of communication (unearned media)掌握推销(personal selling)的定义: personal selling is two-way,personal communication between a company representative and a potential customer as well as back to the company. 掌握推销的主要过程:The selling process is typically divided into several stages:prospecting, preapproaching, aaproaching, presenting, problem solying, handing objections, closing the sale, and following up.了解SALES PROMOTIONTrade promotions are designed to increases productavailability in distribution channels.了解DIRECT MARKETINGThe use of direct marketing is growing rapidly in many parts of the world due to increased use of computer databases, credit cards, and toll-free numbers, as well as changing life-styles.了解TRADE SHOWS AND EXHIBITIONSTrade shows and exhibitions are other promotion vehicles that are increasingly important in the promotional mix, especially for industrial products and in the international marketplace.了解SPONSORSHIP PROMOTION特点:Sponsorship can be used to increase awareness and esteem, to build the brand identification, to enhance the brand’s positioning and sales,and to circumvent advertising restrictions in some countries.。
国际市场营销英语

国际市场营销英语Ad CopyAdvertising Allowance广告津贴Advertising Budget广告预算Advertising Elasticity广告弹性Advertising Plan广告计划Advertising Research广告调研Ad Specialty广告专业Agency Commission 广告佣金Affiliate 关联Affiliate Marketing 关联营销Affiliate Directory关联目录Affiliate Network关联网络BBanner Ad 旗帜广告Brand 品牌Brand Identity 品牌标识Brand Image 品牌形象Brand Manager品牌经理Business-to-Business Advertising B2B广告CCaption 标头Channel Distribution渠道分销Circulation 发行Classified Advertising 分类广告Comparative Advertising 比较广告Competition-Oriented Pricing竞争导向型定价Copyright 版权Cost Efficiency 高性价比Cost Per Inquiry 询盘成本Cost Per Rating Point (CPP)Cost Per Thousand (CPM)Counter AdvertisingCreative StrategyDDeceptive AdvertisingDemographicsDirect Mail 直邮Direct Marketing 直销EEnd-User 终端用户Eighty-Twenty RuleEye TrackingFFlat Rate 统一费用Focus Group Interview 焦点团体访谈法Four PsFull-Service AgencyGGross Impressions 粗略印象Gross Rating Points (GRPs) 总收视点,媒体传送量的计量单位之一,为在一定期间内所有投放档次收视率的总合或到达率乘以平均接触率.收视率\收视点(Rating/Rating Point):收看某电视节目的个人或家庭点总人口或家庭数的比率。
国际营销英语名词

国际市场营销一、the three principles of markting〔三条市场营销原则〕1.customer value and satisfaction (顾客价值和满意度)2 petitive or different advantages〔竞争或者差异优势〕3.focus 〔营销焦点〕二、the traditionl markting management concepts(传统的市场营销概念)the production concept〔生产理念〕the product concept〔产品理念〕the selling concept〔推销理念〕the marketing concept 〔营销理念〕三、the newly emerge markting concept〔新出现的营销理念〕1.the social marketing concept 〔社会营销〕2.the relationship marketing concept〔关系营销〕四、the international trade system〔国际贸易体系〕1.tariff〔关税〕2.quota〔配额〕3.embargo〔禁运〕4.exchange control〔外汇管制〕5.nontariff trade barriers〔非传统贸易壁垒〕五、the world trade organization1.free trade area2.European Union—Pacific Economic Cooperationthe North America Free Trade Agreement六、the emerging economics〔BRIC〕1.Brazil2.Russia3.India4.China七、the group of five1.theunitedstates2.Britain3.France4.Germany5.Japan八、newlyindustrializedeconomiies1.Singapore2.Korea3.ChinaHongKong4.ChinaTaiwan九、incomedistribution1.lowincomecountries2.lower—middle—incomecountries3.upper—middle—incomecountries4.high—incomecountries十、threeaspectofcultureinfluencemarkting〔1〕taste〔2〕colour〔3〕style十一、needhierarchy〔需求层次〕1.self—actualization〔自我实现〕2.esteem〔自尊〕3.social〔社交〕4.safety〔安全〕5.physiologicalneed〔心理〕十二、structureofcompetitiveenvironment1.puremonopoly〔完全垄断〕2.oligopoly〔寡头垄断〕3.monopolisticcompetition〔垄断竞争〕4.purecompetition〔完全竞争〕十三、themarketingresearchprocess1.definingtheproblem2.developtheresearchplan3.collecttheinformation4.analyzetheinformation5.presentthefindings十四、marketingresearchapproaches1.primaryresearchmethods〔观察调研法〕2.focus—group〔焦点小组〕3.survey〔问询调查法〕4.experiment〔实验调研法〕十五、researchinstrument〔调查手段〕1.questionnaire〔问卷调查〕2.mechanicaldevices〔实地调查〕十六、contactmethods〔联系方法〕1.telephoneinterview2.personalinterview3.onlineinterview十七、basedforsegmentingconsumermarkets1.geographicsegmentation〔地理细分〕2.demographicsegmentation〔人口细分〕3.psychographicsegmentation〔心理细分〕4.behaviorsegmentation〔行为细分〕十八、fourgroupsofbuyersbybrandloyalty〔用品牌忠诚度来划分的四种类型买者〕1.hard-coreloyalconsumers〔坚决专一型〕2.splitloyalconsumer〔三心二意型〕3.shiftingconsumers〔见异思迁型〕4.switchers(无品牌信仰型)十九、basicstrategicforreachingtargetmarkets1.undifferentiatedmarketing〔无差异战略〕2.differentiedmarketing〔差异化营销战略〕3.concentratedmarketing〔集中化营销战略〕4.globaltargetingstrategy〔全球营销战略〕二十、the entry modes into foreign markets〔进入国外市场的进入模式〕1.exporting〔出口〕2.licensing 〔许可证贸易〕3.joint venture〔合资企业〕4.foreign direct investment〔对外直接投资〕二十一、standardized and localized marketing mix〔1〕二十二、global marketing organizations1.export department〔出口部门〕2.international division 〔国际分工〕3.a global organization 〔全球化组织〕二十三、model of consumer behavior〔4PS〕消费者行为模型1.economic 〔经济〕2.technological 〔技术〕3.political〔政治的〕4.cultural〔文化〕二十四、psychological factors1.motive2.perception3.learning4.belief5.attitude二十五、three levels of a production〔生产的三个理念〕1.core product〔核心产品〕2. actual product〔实际产品〕3. augmented product〔扩张产品〕二十六、types of consumer products〔几种顾客型产品类型〕1.convenience products〔便利性产品〕2.impulse goods〔冲动性产品〕3.staples〔日常用品〕4.emergency goods〔急用品〕二十七、product mixes〔产品组合〕1.the width of product mix2.the length of a product mix3.the depth of a product nix二十八、four services’characteristics〔四种效劳特征〕1.intangible〔无形性〕2.heterogeneity〔不可分割性〕3.inseparability〔异质性〕4.perishability〔意逝性〕二十九、pricing strategys〔产品策略〕1.Skimming price strategy〔撇脂定价法〕2.Penetration pricing strategy〔渗透定价法〕petitive pricing strategy〔同业定价定价〕三十、four basic types of pricing policies〔四种根本的价格政策类型〕〔4P〕1.Psychological pricing〔心理定价法〕2.Price flexibility〔价格灵活性〕3.Product—line pricing〔产品线定价法〕4.Promotional pricing〔推广定价法〕。
国际营销专业英语(商务英语)重点资料

国际营销专业英语(商务英语)重点资料I.术语解释CIF=cost insurance freight到岸价FOB=free on board 离岸价CFR=cost freight 成本运费价EMP=European main Ports欧洲主要港口P/I=proforma invoice形式发票L/C=letter of credit 信用证II.Key wordEstablish business relations建立业务关系business scope业务范围import进口export出口importer进口商exporter进口商commercial counsellor's office商务处chamber of commerce 商会credit standing信誉Export List导出列表Inquiry Note调查说明fall within the scope of business activities属于经营活动范围之内inquiries询盘first inquiry第一次询价general inquiry一般询价specific inquiry具体询价commission 佣金delivery交货effect delivery影响交货期all necessary information所有必要信息delivery date邮寄日期take delivery 提货terms and conditions条款和条件sample book样本catalogue 目录册Quotation Sheet报价单quote报价offer报盘voluntary offer主动报价free offer 自由报价firm offer 实盘pro forma invoice形式发票import licence进口许可证under cover随函supply from stock现货供应under separate cover 另函寄上in stock存货 counteroffer 还盘 be on the high side 价格高昂regret 遗憾be in line with 与……同等水平reduce 减少 make a reduction of减少 prevailing market 平行市场turn down 拒绝订单heavy bookings 订单过重heavy commitments 承约过多 repeat order 重复订单 duplicate order 二次订单shortage of stock 缺货 on the usual terms 按惯常条款III.介词1、We shall make a reduction in our price if you increase the quantity to 5,000 pcs.2、we would liketodirect your attention to the quality of the goods which is superior to that of other makers3、we are prepared to keep the offer open till 25th this moth.4、many of our clients requested us to approach you for offers.5、if you could make a reduction of 1% in quotation, we have confidence in securing large orders for you .6、we will withdraw the offer if we should not hear from you by the end of this week.7、the above offer is subject to our final confirmation.8、the earliest shipment is December ,we hope that it will be acceptable to you.IV.单词填空1、as the market is declining your price is found on the high side.2、we note from your letter of may 15 that you are in the market for green tea.3、we cannot see our way clear to reduce the price tothe level you required.4、we hope to close business at something near our level.5、you may rest assured that the goods under sales contract No.9898 will be shipped without delay. 6、since your price is out of line with the prevailing market ,it is not possible for the buyers at our end to accept.7、while we appreciate your intention , we regret that we cannot entertain any fresh orders.8、as soon as we are in a position to make an offerfor black tea ,we shall contact you by cable9、we are enclosing a list of our new products for your reference10、when you are in need of further quantities , please feel free to communicate with us.V.翻译(英译中)This corporation is specialized …..textiles.本公司专经营纺织品的进口业务We send you by ..for export我们向您发送另函寄上可供出口各类电子产品的小册子As requested, we …reference按要求我们另涵上2001和2002的艺术样本各一份供你参考We thank you …..with you 我方感谢您9月2号的来信,我方愿与你方就扩大贸易可能性进行讨论It will be …cooperation如果贵方能与我方合作不胜感激We are enclosing …sheet现随函附上询价单As soon as we …prices以接到你方的询价,我们就会寄上样品并报最优惠的价格Please quote ..date 请按我方询价单报最低价格和最早交货期We shall /doc/a910085388.html,rmation 如果你们寄给我们你的全部细节的价格,质量,可供数量及其他资料我们将不胜感激Please quote /doc/a910085388.html,mission 请报温哥华到岸价,包括3%的佣金VI.翻译(中译英)我们的一个客户对你们的新产品感兴趣One of our customers is interested in your new production 如你所知,我们的外贸政策是在平等互利的基础上与各国人民做生意As you know, our policy is to trade with merchants of various countries on the basis ofequality and mutual benefit.谢谢你方来函表示提供服务,我方愿与你方就扩大贸易的可能性进行讨论。
[精选]国际市场营销学培训讲义英文版
![[精选]国际市场营销学培训讲义英文版](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/42479c3153d380eb6294dd88d0d233d4b14e3f00.png)
The scope and challenge of International Marketing
starting point focus means endsSelling factory products selling profit and through promotion sales volumeMarketing target customer integrated profit market needs marketing through and wants customer satisfaction
The scope and challenge of International Marketing
Why do companies engage in International Marketing? - To increase their profit by increasing total revenue or decreasing the cost of goods. - The attractiveness of International market - The saturation of domestic market needs and intensive market competition - (be continue)
and through摩根,英联,达能与蒙牛Political-试和你的小组成员就以下问题展开讨论:19:20:3719:20:3719:2010/30/2022 7:20:37 PM2008年1月1日,中国运动品牌老大李宁将其触角伸向了美国耐克总部所在地的波特兰,建立第一个海外鞋产品研发中心。11、以我独沈久,愧君相见频。Political-海尔相信本土化制造是海尔国际化道路上关键的一步。世界跨国公司大多选择劳力成本低的地区开设工厂。在马城旗舰店开张之前,两位荷兰企业家曾多次上门拜访李宁北京总部,试图说服李宁与他们联手,共同打拼欧洲市场。市场营销学中4P指的是什么? 4C呢?and throughProduct– standaliation or adaptation?.15、楚塞三湘接,荆门九派通。
国际营销专业英语词汇(模版)

国际营销专业英语词汇(模版)第一篇:国际营销专业英语词汇(模版)Acts of God 不可抗力 AAA American Arbitration Association 美国仲裁协会 arbitration 仲裁公断 analogy 类推法 aesthetics 美学agent 代理商 acquisition 收购 advertising 广告 advertising appeal 广告诉求 advertising copy 广告文案 advocacy advertising 倡导式广告 black market 黑市 BEMs Big Emerging Markets 大新兴市场BOP Bottom of the pyramid 金字塔的底部经济落后国家 balance of payments 国际收支贸易支付差额bribery 贿赂benefit segmentation 利益细分behavior segmentation 行为细分brand equity 品牌资产 bipolar fashion 两极时尚 barter 实物交易物品交换BTO built to order 按订单生产 bargaining power 议价或谈判、交涉等的实力或权限 broadband 宽带 bluetooth 蓝牙 Customs Union 关税同盟 Common Market 共同市场 collectivist culture 集体主义文化cultural typology 文化类型说 common law case law 普通法案例法civil law 成文法copyright 版权counterfeiting 伪造conflict resolution 冲突解决cluster analysis 集群分析聚分析consumer panel 消费者反应研究小组cobranding 联合品牌cencentrated global marketing 集中全球营销cost-based pricing 成本加成定价CIF costinsurancefreight 成本加保险费和运费 CFR cost and freight 成本加运费cost-based transfer pricing 基于成本的转移价格2 competitive pricing 竞争性定价countertrade 对等贸易反购贸易counterpurchase 互购反向购买compensation trading 补偿贸易convenience store 便利店category killer “品类杀手”掌握特定系列商品的优惠专卖店containerization 货柜运输货柜装货corporate advertising 企业广告 creative execution 创意执行 collaborating 协作 convergence 聚焦集中 channel 渠道 competitive advantage 竞争性优势 cross-border 跨国界的跨境的 centrally planned socialism 计划配置体制centrally planned capitalism 计划市场体制capitalflow 资本流动资金流 current account 经常帐户 capital account 固定资产帐户资本性帐户 call option 购买选择权 distribution 渠道、分销domestic market 国内市场domestic company 国内型公司deficit 赤字 depreciate 贬值折旧 devaluation 货币贬值 diffusion of innovation 创新扩散dispute settlement 争议调停demographic segmentation 人口统计细分 diversification 多样化 dynamical 有力量的 differentiated global marketing 差异全球营销 delivered duty paid 完税后交货制定目的地dumping 倾销distributor 分销商department store 百货公司 discount store 廉价商店 ethnocentric 母国中心的 extension approach 延伸方式 experience transfers 经验移植EU European Union 欧盟economic system 经济体制economic freedom index 经济自由度排名 3 economic exposure 经济风险 economic union 经济联盟 environmental sensitivity 环境敏感性 EDI Electronic Data Interchange 电子数据交换无纸贸易 ethnic segmentation 种族细分equity stake 股权ex-works 工厂内交货emotional appeal 感性诉求Foreign Exchange market 外汇市场forward market 期货市场FTA Free Trade Area 自由贸易区Femininity 女性气质 FCPA Foreign Corrupt Parctices Act 国外腐败行为法 FCCP Foreign consumer culture positioning 外国消费者文化定位 franchising 特许经营 FAS free alongside ship 装运港船边交货 FOB free on board 船上交货 fluctuation 不稳定性 form utility 形态效用flagship model 旗舰模式global marketing 全球营销globalization 全球化 GMS Global Marketing Strategy 全球营销策略 global or transnational company 全球或跨国公司 geocentric 世界中心的 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税与贸易总协定 global strategy 全球战略 GDP Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值GNP Gross National Product 国民生产总值G-7 Group of Seven 七国集团 global market segmentation 全球市场细分 global teen 全球青少年细分市场 global elite 全球精英阶层细分市场 GCCP global consumer culture positioning 全球消费者文化定位greenfield investment 绿地投资 government controlssubsidies 政府控制和补贴grey market 灰色市场global retailing 全球零售业hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀 high-context culture 高背景文化 high touch product 高感性产品hypermarket 大卖场international company 国际型公司individualist culture 个人主义文化 4 International Law Commission 国际法律委员会 ICJ International Court of Justice 国际法庭海牙international convention 国际约定international custom 国际惯例 Islamic law 伊斯兰法律 intellectual property 知识产权ICC International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会ICCA International Council for Commercial Arbitration 国际商业仲裁理事会incipient market 初始市场incoterms 国际贸易术语解释通则inflationary 通货膨胀的 intangible property 无形资产 information utility 信息效用inventory management 存货管理intermodal transportation 协调联运IMC Integrated Marketing Communication 整合营销传播 idiom 方言土语 image advertising 形象广告jurisdiction 权限joint venture 合资localized or adaptation approach 本地化或适应化方式 Leverage 杠杆作用 low-income countries 低收入国家 LDCs Least-developed countries 中低收入国家 LAFTA Latin America Free Trade Area 拉美自由贸易区low-context culture 低背景文化 LTO long-term orientation 长期取向license 许可licensor 许可证颁发者licensee 许可证接受者litigation 诉讼 latent market 潜在市场 LCCP local consumer culture positioning 当地消费者文化定位labeling 标签logistic 物流management orientations 管理取向 multinational company 跨国公司 management myopia 管理短视 market capitalism 市场配置体制market socialism 市场社会主义体制monetary policy 货币政策MFA Multifiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定 merchandise trade 商品贸易5 masculinity 男性气质MIS Management Information System 管理信息系统marketing model driver 营销模式驱动因素market skimming pricing strategy 市场撇脂定价策略market holding 市场保持marginal-cost pricing 边际成本定价market-based transfer price 基于市场的转移价格 nonmonetary cost 非货币费用NAFTA North American Free Trade Area 北美自由贸易区national controls 国家管制NTBs Non-tariffs barriers 非关税壁垒NIEs newly industrializing economies 正在工业化的经济nationalization 国有化negotiated transfer price 协议转移价格organizational culture 组织文化orthodox 传统的OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织option 优先选择权ownership 所有权offset 抵销outlet store 处理品零售店名品折扣店organic growth 有机增长polycentric 东道国中心的postindustrial countries 后工业化国家product saturation levels 产品饱和度power distance 权利距离persistance 坚持继续 perseverance 坚定不移 Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法庭 Public international law 公共国际法 Private international law 私人国际法 patent 专利 primary data 原始资料第一手数据psychographic segmentation 心理因素细分positioning 定位 product warranty 产品质量保证书 platform平台penetration pricing policy strategy 渗透性定价 price escalation 价格升级 price transparency 价格透明度 parallel importing平行进口puleria 杂货店 place utility 地点效用 6 PR public relationships 公共关系publicity 公众度product differentiation 产品差异化RD-Research and Development 研究开发 rival 竞争者 regiocentric 区域中心的regional economic agreement 区域经济协定resource utilization 资源利用 restraining forces 限制因素 right of priority 优先权rational appeal 理性诉求rivalry 竞争敌对状态standardized approach 标准化方式 scale economic 规模经济 services trade 服务贸易STO short-term orientation 短期取向SRC self-reference criterion 自参照标准 surveillance 监督监视 secondary data 次级材料第二手数据survey research 问卷调查standardized globalmarketing 标准化全球营销 sourced goods 货源货物 syndrome 综合病症 switch trading 转口贸易转手贸易 specialty retailer 专业零售商 specialty store 特种商店 supermarket 超级市场 supercenter 特大购物中心selling proposition 销售主张slang 俚语substitute product 替代产品 strategic intent 战略意图 spreadsheet 电子数据表电子制表软件 tariff protection 关税保护 trade deficit 贸易逆差贸易负差额 trade surplus 贸易顺差贸易盈余transaction exposure 交易风险thrift 节约节俭Triad regions 三元区域trademark 商标trade secret 商业秘密target market 目标市场 transfer pricing 转移价格 tangible property 有形资产 7 time utility 时间效用 upper-middle-income countries 中高收入国家uncertainty avoidance 不确定性回避United Nations Charter 联合国宪章 UCC Uniform Commercial Code 统一商业编码法usage rate 使用度user status 使用者身份value chain 价值链VALS Value and Lifestyles 价值观和生活方式市场细分系统WTO-World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织 WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织warehousing 仓储wireless connectivity 无线连接第二篇:国际物流专业英语词汇必备学习物流英语资源库——国际物流专业英语词汇必备学习编者按:美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用,因此,报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式,比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文(含毕业论文)等。
国际市场营销中英对照词汇

国际市场营销重点中英对照词汇总顾客价值total customer value, TCV顾客让渡价值customer delivered value, CDV顾客满意customer satisfraction预期期望值expectation实际感知效果perceived performance美国顾客满意度指标American Customer Satisfaction Index, ACSI 体系市场营销环境marketing environmentSTP 战略SWOT 分析PEST 分析Michael Porter's Five Forces Model 迈克尔波特的“五力模型”(1. Bargaining power of suppliers; 2. Bargaining power of buyers; 3. Entry of competitor; 4. Threat of substitues; 5. Rivalry Among the Existing Player. )民族主义nationalism自我参照标准self-reference criterion自我中心主义ethnocentrism国际法international law文化冲突cultural shock文化偏见cultural prejudice基督教Christianity伊斯兰教Islam印度教Hinduism佛教Buddhism北美自由贸易协定NAFTA东南亚国家联盟(东盟)ASEAN亚太经合组织APEC石油输出国组织OPEC国际货币基金组织IMF世界贸易组织WTO国际贸易法规委员会UNCTRAL国际标准化组织ISO英美法系British System大陆法系Civil Law System国民总收入/国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product)国内总收入GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均收入per captial income恩格尔系数(E)Engel's cofficient出口进入Exporting (indirect ~; direct ~)合同进入Contractual Agreement投资进入Investment \FDI ( joint venture合资企业, wholly-owned subsidiary独资企业)许可证贸易Licensing特许经营Franchising工程承包Turkey Entry\ operations合同制造Contract Manufacturing管理合同Management Contracting产品生命周期PLC产品项目item产品线product line产品组合product mix (宽度width; 深度depth; 长度length;相关性consistency)波士顿矩阵BCG Matrix\Box (Boston Consulting Group)明星产品Stars金牛产品Cash Cow问题产品Question Marks/Problem Children瘦狗产品DogsGE 分析(美国通用电气组合动态分析法General Electric Company)品牌名称brand name品牌标志brand mark品牌含义(attributes 属性;benefits 利益;value 价值;culture 文化;personality 个性;user 使用者)OBM(Own Brand Manufacturer)制造商自有品牌OB (Dealer Brand) 中间商品牌OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) 特许品牌策略/原始设备制造商/原产地委托加工/贴牌生产ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) 原始设计商固定成本fixed cost变动成本variable cost平均成本average cost边际成本marginal cost机会成本opportunity cost总成本total cost边际收入marginal revenue边际利润marginal profit边际效应marginal utility需求价格弹性price elasticity of demand成本加成定价法cost-plus pricing目标利润定价法target profit pricing边际成本定价法marginal-cost pricing需求导向定价法demand-oriented pricing竞争导向定价法competition-oriented pricing统一定价策略Extension Pricing Strategy多元定价策略Adaptation Pricing Strategy协调定价策略Invention Pricing Strategy撇脂定价策略Skimming Pricing Strategy渗透定价策略Penetration Pricing Strategy满意价格策略(折中/温和/君子价格)Satisfaction Pricing Strategy 倾销Dumping平行进口Parallel Import目标转移定价International Transfer Pricing Strategy渠道中间商middleman进口/出口中间商import/export intermediary批发商wholesaler零售商retailer零级/一级/二级/多级渠道zero/one/two/multi-level channel渠道决策“6Cs”: (费用cost; 资金capital; 控制control; 市场区域coverage; 特征character; 连续性continuity)标准化分销渠道standard distribution channel差异化分销渠道adapted distribution channel密集分销intensive distribution选择分销selecitve distribution独家分销exclusive distribution促销组合Promotion Mix (advertising 广告;personal selling 人员推销;sales promotion 营业推广;public relations 公共关系)国际营业推广international sales promotion (针对消费者的销售推广consumer promotion; 针对中间商的营业推广intertrade promotion; 针对销售人员的营业推广salesforce promotion)标准化广告策略Standadization Advertising Strategy差异化广告策略Adaptation Advertising Strategy模式化广告策略Pattern Advertising StrategyPOP 广告Point of Purchasing Advertising社会媒体Social Media内容营销Content Marketing直复营销Direct Marketing ( 直销direct selling;直邮营销Mail Selling; 电话营销Telemarketing; 电视营销Cable Selling; 网络营销Online Marketing)。
国际营销专业英语Unit 2 Marketing Philosophies_

The Product Concept (cont’d)
The limitation of this concept: - not realize what the market needs - “better-mousetrap” fallacy - little or no customer input - not even examine competitors’ products - lead to marketing myopia
concept Relationship marketing
Time oldest
1940’s Early 1960’s Since 1980’s
Since 1990
The Production Concept (cont’d)
The production concept works in the followed situation: When a product is in an early stage of its life style—because consumers’ needs and wants with respect to the new product are very basic.
Relationship Marketing
Time: 1990’s
Relationship Marketing: - building strong, long-term relationships with
customers - building relationships with business partners
themselves. 2. customers must be convinced to buy products.
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国际市场营销
一、the three principles of markting(三条市场营销原则)
1.customer value and satisfaction (顾客价值和满意度)
petitive or different advantages(竞争或者差异优势)
3.focus (营销焦点)
二、the traditionl markting management concepts(传统的市场营销概念)
the production concept(生产理念)
the product concept(产品理念)
the selling concept(推销理念)
the marketing concept (营销理念)
三、the newly emerge markting concept(新出现的营销理念)
1.the social marketing concept (社会营销)
2.the relationship marketing concept(关系营销)
四、the international trade system(国际贸易体系)
1.tariff(关税)
2.quota(配额)
3.embargo(禁运)
4.exchange control(外汇管制)
5.nontariff trade barriers(非传统贸易壁垒)
五、the world trade organization
1.free trade area
2.European Union
—Pacific Economic Cooperation
the North America Free Trade Agreement
六、the emerging economics(BRIC)
1.Brazil
2.Russia
3.India
4.China
七、the group of five
1.theunitedstates
2.Britain
3.France
4.Germany
5.Japan
八、newlyindustrializedeconomiies
1.Singapore
2.Korea
3.ChinaHongKong
4.ChinaTaiwan
九、incomedistribution
1.lowincomecountries
2.lower—middle—incomecountries
3.upper—middle—incomecountries
4.high—incomecountries
十、threeaspectofcultureinfluencemarkting
(1)taste(2)colour(3)style
十一、needhierarchy(需求层次)
1.self—actualization(自我实现)
2.esteem(自尊)
3.social(社交)
4.safety(安全)
5.physiologicalneed(心理)
十二、structureofcompetitiveenvironment
1.puremonopoly(完全垄断)
2.oligopoly(寡头垄断)
3.monopolisticcompetition(垄断竞争)
4.purecompetition(完全竞争)
十三、themarketingresearchprocess
1.definingtheproblem
2.developtheresearchplan
3.collecttheinformation
4.analyzetheinformation
5.presentthefindings
十四、marketingresearchapproaches
1.primaryresearchmethods(观察调研法)
2.focus—group(焦点小组)
3.survey(问询调查法)
4.experiment(实验调研法)
十五、researchinstrument(调查手段)
1.questionnaire(问卷调查)
2.mechanicaldevices(实地调查)
十六、contactmethods(联系方法)
1.telephoneinterview
2.personalinterview
3.onlineinterview
十七、basedforsegmentingconsumermarkets
1.geographicsegmentation(地理细分)
2.demographicsegmentation(人口细分)
3.psychographicsegmentation(心理细分)
4.behaviorsegmentation(行为细分)
十八、fourgroupsofbuyersbybrandloyalty(用品牌忠诚度来划分的四种类型买者)
1.hard-coreloyalconsumers(坚定专一型)
2.splitloyalconsumer(三心二意型)
3.shiftingconsumers(见异思迁型)
4.switchers(无品牌信仰型)
十九、basicstrategicforreachingtargetmarkets
1.undifferentiatedmarketing(无差异战略)
2.differentiedmarketing(差异化营销战略)
3.concentratedmarketing(集中化营销战略)
4.globaltargetingstrategy(全球营销战略)
二十、the entry modes into foreign markets(进入国外市场的进入模式)
1.exporting(出口)
2.licensing (许可证贸易)
3.joint venture(合资企业)
4.foreign direct investment(对外直接投资)
二十一、standardized and localized marketing mix
(1)
二十二、global marketing organizations
1.export department(出口部门)
2.international division (国际分工)
3.a global organization (全球化组织)
二十三、model of consumer behavior(4PS)消费者行为模型
1.economic (经济)
2.technological (技术)
3.political(政治的)
4.cultural(文化)
二十四、psychological factors
1.motive
2.perception
3.learning
4.belief
5.attitude
二十五、three levels of a production(生产的三个理念)1.core product(核心产品)
2. actual product(实际产品)
3. augmented product(扩张产品)
二十六、types of consumer products(几种顾客型产品类型)
1.convenience products(便利性产品)
2.impulse goods(冲动性产品)
3.staples(日常用品)
4.emergency goods(急用品)
二十七、product mixes(产品组合)
1.the width of product mix
2.the length of a product mix
3.the depth of a product nix
二十八、four services’characteristics(四种服务特征)
1.intangible(无形性)
2.heterogeneity(不可分割性)
3.inseparability(异质性)
4.perishability(意逝性)
二十九、pricing strategys(产品策略)
1.Skimming price strategy(撇脂定价法)
2.Penetration pricing strategy(渗透定价法)
petitive pricing strategy(同业定价定价)
三十、four basic types of pricing policies(四种基本的价格政策类型)(4P)
1.Psychological pricing(心理定价法)
2.Price flexibility(价格灵活性)
3.Product—line pricing(产品线定价法)
4.Promotional pricing(推广定价法)。