被动语态讲解与练习
一、被动语态的用法：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. → My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being pla nted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. →The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far. → Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. →Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now. →A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave. →The door must be locked when you leave.
三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态What will happen in 100 years? The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well. This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. → My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket. → A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London. A. gave B. was given C. had given D. had been given
2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather. A. says B. is saying C. has said D. is said
3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
A. attacked and robbed
B. attacking and robbing B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed
4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
A. was holding
B. had held
C. was to hold
D. was to be held
5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop
B. are being developed
C. are developing
D. have developed
6.I’ll come after the meeting if time ______. A. permits B. is permitting C. is permitted D. has permitted
7. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
A. give
B. are given
C. have given
D. to give
8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
A. has introduced
B. is being introduced
C. is introduced
D. was introduced
9.“How about the dishes, Dear?” “The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
A. cooked
B. had been cooked
C. was cooked
D. had cooked
10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
A. wrote
B. was writing
C. was written
D. were written
11.“Look! Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for?”
A. is being building
B. has been built
C. is built
D. is being built
12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
13. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop
B. are being developed
C. are developing
D. have developed
1. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.
A. are to be held
B. is to be held
C. are holding
D. will hold
2. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _____ in the factory.
A. is being repaired
B. is repaired
C. has been repaired
D.hasn't repaired
3. Every possible means______, but none proves successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried
4. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.
A. That is hoped
B. It is hoped
C. That hopes
D. It hopes
5. My little sister has broken my watch. ---- My watch _____ by my little sister.
A. is broken
B. has broken
C. have been broken
D. has been broken
6. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.---- His room _____ by him when I entered the room.
A. was being cleaned
B. was cleaned
C. was being cleaning
D. has been cleaned
7. I shall have finished reading the novel by dinner time.---- This novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.
A. will have finished
B. will has been finished
C.will have being finished
D. will have been finished
8. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. ---These three rooms ______ (by you).
A. are oughted to keep clean
B. ought to kept clean
C. ought to be kept clean
D. ought to have been kept clean
9. You are about to write a poem, aren't you? ---- A poem _____ (by you), _____?
A. is about to be written, aren't you
B. is about to be writing, isn’t it
C. is about to be writing, aren't you
D. is about to be written, isn’t it
10. She had better leave a note to him. ---- A note _____ to him (by her).
A. had better left
B. had be better left
C. had better be left
D. had better been left
11. He doesn't do his homework every day. ---- His homework ______ by him every day.
A. doesn't be done
B. aren't done
C. don't be done
D. isn’t done
12. We must take care of our parents when they are old. ---- Our parents ______ when they are old.
A. must be taken care
B. must be took care
C. must take care of
D. must be taken care of
13. People look down upon him because he is a liar. ---- He _____ because he is a liar.
A. is looked down
B. is looked down upon
C. looks down upon
D. looks down
14. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday. ---- A dictionary ______ me by Father on my birthday.
A. shall be given to
B. will give
C. shall give to
D. will be given to
15. We elected her leader. ---- She _____ by us.
A. is elected leader
B. was leader elected
C. was elected leader
D. leader was elected
16. ---- People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.---- Why are all of the______?
A. grey painted mailboxes
B. mailboxes grey painted
C. mailboxes painted grey
D. painted grey mailboxes
17. I saw him enter the room. ---- He ______ the room.
A. is seen enter
B. is seen to enter
C. was seen to enter
D. was seen enter
18. The question asked by him is hard _____. A. to answer B. to be answered C. to be answering D. for answer
19. How sweet the music ______! A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is sounded to be D. sounds
20. In warm weather fruit and meat ______ long. A. don't keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping
21. He received a telegram ___ "Mother Sick." A. written B. said C. reading D. writing
22. The classroom ______ 30 feet long. A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length
23. Do you remember ______? A. how it is done B. it how to be done C. How is it done by D. how to do
24. to have been rich. A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said
25. Mathematics is difficult ______. A. to learn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning
26. My hair is so long that I must go to a barber's shop and______.
A. have to cut it
B. have it cut
C. get it to be cut
D. to cut it
27. The pencil ______ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
28. ---- I can't see the blackboard very well. ---- Perhaps you need ______.
A. to examine your eyes
B. to have your eyes examined
C. to have examined your eyes
D. to be examined your eyes
29. ---- Where is the coffee table? ---- Tom just had it ____ away.
A. move
B. moving
C. moved
D. moves
30. Good medicine ______ to the mouth. A. tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly
31. Which girl won the prize? _____
A. By which girl is the prize won?
B. Which girl was the prize won?
C. By which girl did she win the prize?
D. By which girl was the prize won?
32. --- Where did you get that handsome picture? ---- It was _____ by my father.
A. given for us
B. a gift to us
C. given to us
D. a gift for us
33. A young hen is ______ a chicken. A. named B. known C. spelled D. called
34. ---- How does Alma like her new work? ---- She ______ with the hour.
A. can't satisfy
B. isn't satisfied
C. doesn't satisfy
D. hasn't satisfied
35. ---- Why do you call your son Mouse? ---- He wants ______ by the name.
A. to call
B. to be called
C. to be calling
D. being called
36. His idea, though good, needs ______ out. A. being tried B. to try C. tried D. to be tried
37. The man living in the next door is known _____the police. A. with B. to C. by D. of
38. Cotton is first made ______ thread and then it was woven ______ cloth.
A. up of, up of
B. into, into
C. of, of
D. from, from
39. ______ here last night. A. Something strange was happened B. Strange something was happened
C. Something strange happened
D. Strange something happened
40. ---- I'd like to buy that coat. ---- I'm sorry, _____.
A. it was sold
B. it's selling
C. it's been sold
D. it had been sold
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练习二、1---5 BABBD 6—10 ADCDC 11---15 DDBAC 16---20 CCADA
21--25 CAACA 26—30 BABCA 31—35 DCDBB 36--40DBBCC
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初中英语被动语态讲解与练习
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被动语态专项练习（二） Ⅰ单项选择 1. Good books ____ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children ____ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked 3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen 4. When____ the accident _____ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question ____ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab ____ about five years ago. A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown. A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown 10. He ____ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture______ in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war______ in 1941. A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We can't enter the room because its door______ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking
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考点二：在感官动词see , watch , hear , notice , feel 及使役动词have , let , make等词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to , 但变被动语态后要还原上to 。 考点三：含有动词短语的被动语态，切记不要将短语中的介词或副词忘掉或省略。 考点四：有些谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.某些用来描述主语特征的不及物动词，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，这时主语通常是物。eg: sell , wash , read , write , 等 ?The books well． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold ?This coat _____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed 2.表示状态特征的连系动词+ adj. / n.用主动形式表被动意义。eg: look , sound , feel , smell , taste 等 ①The steel(钢铁) _____ cold． A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt ②His plan _____ good． A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds 3.表示“发生，进行”的不及物动词用主动形式表被动意义。eg: happen , take place , come out , come true等 考点五：含有被动意义的“have / get + 宾语+ done” 考点六：表示客观的说明常用“It’s + done+…..” 据说….. 据报道……. 众所周知……. 据推测说….. 大家都相信…… 考点七：某些动词可以用-ing 形式表被动意义 三．练习题 (一)选择题(A)
(完整版)被动语态讲解及练习(附答案).doc
被动语态讲解 一、被动语态的构成形式 1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由 be＋过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here． 4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 例The project will have been completed before July. 2.被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个 宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾 语。 例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3)当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构 中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词 have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动 结构时，要加 to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 3.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成时态 ) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、 It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型
九年级英语英语被动语态讲解及练习
英语被动语态讲解及练习 一、什么是被动语态？ 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。” 二、被动语态的结构 那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢？请看下面的例句（注意划线部分）： His bicycle was stolen. The building has been built in 2000. 通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是： be + 过去分词+ (by+动作执行者) 三、被动语态的运用 什么情况下要用被动语态呢？一般地说，有下面几种情况： （1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如： Paper is made from wood. （纸是由木材生产出来的。） The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. （这座房子太旧了。它是1950年建成的。） He was wounded in the fight. （他在战斗在受伤了。） Electricity is used to run machines. （电是用来开动机器的。） （2）需要强调动作的对象时。例如： Calculator can't be used in the maths exam.
（计算器不能用于数学考试。） Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。） He was awarded first prize in that contest. （他在比赛中获得了第一。） （3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。例如： The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。） 四、各种时态的被动语态举例 一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。各种时态的被动语态举例如下： 1、一般现在时的被动语态. am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned every day. This car is made in China. 2、一般过去式的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词 His desk was cleaned just now. The station was built in 1928. 3、现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. Some trees are being cut down in the park. 4、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 动词的过去分词
被动语态讲解与练习题
被动语态Passive Voice 一、被动语态的构成 动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句，为被动语态的叫被动句。 1.被动语态的基本构成形式 过去将来时：should/would be done was\were going to be done was\were about to be done was\were to be to done 过去将来完成时：should/would have been done 2. 含情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+过去分词 练习： 1) Visitors ___________ (request) not to touch the exhibits. 2) All the preparations for the task_______________(complete), and we're ready to start. 3) Look, a new cinema _____________(build) here now. 4) I _____________ (give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______________(complete) in Beijing. 6) A meeting ___________________(hold) when I was there. 7) Hundreds of job_____________ (lose) if the factory closes.
初中英语被动语态专项讲解
初中英语被动语态专项讲解 一、语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者(或执行者)eg:Many people speak Chinese.谓语:speak 的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。eg:Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。) 各种时态的被动语态构成: 1.一般现在时:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时:was/were+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident.
3.一般将来时:will/shall be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时:am/is/are being+及物动词的过去分词. Eg: A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时:was/were being+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:The meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时:have/has been+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时:had been + 及物动词的过去分词 Eg:A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 8.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 三、被动语态的基本用法
英语被动语态讲解及习题
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English．（主动语态） English is spoken by many people．（被动语态） 1．被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”。 注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如be，feel，look，seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如： My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了。） The door is open．（门开了。） 2．主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。如：He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．） Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。如： They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang． He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short． They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如： We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如： People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．） 3．被动语态改为主动语态的方法： 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语），按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。如： History is made by the people．The people make history． 4．不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作，而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have，fit，suit，hold（容纳），cost，suffer，last（持续）等不能用于被动语态。如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车。 My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适。 My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料。 How much／What does it cost这值多少钱 Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天。 This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天。 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构。若是构成成语动词通常有被动态，若不构成成语动词则无被动态。试比较：
初中被动语态讲解与练习
中考被动语态讲解与习题 (一) 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。 1、主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak English. 2、被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：English is spoken by many people. 3、主动句和被动句的对比： 例如：He opened the door. 他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 4、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 ○1一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 例如：History is made by the people. ○2一般过去时：was／were＋taught 例如：The Eiffel Tower was completed in 1889. ○3一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught 例如：More subway lines will be built in the future. ○4现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught 例如：A new railway is being built. ○5现在完成时：have／has been＋taught 例如：These plants have been grown without the use of any chemicals. ○6过去完成时：had been＋taught 例如：A new hotel had been built when I got there. 5、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 例如：○1.We can repair this watch in two days. ○2.This watch can be repaired in two days. 被动语态练习题
高中英语被动语态讲解及练习(含答案)
一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4） was/were done 一般过去时 5） had been done 过去完成时 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然 保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone s aw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要 把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。 例My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do st h.”。有：It is said that…据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped