30部优秀科普翻译作品

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地球防晒霜就算怀着最美好的愿望，仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。

很明显，即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放，气候的变化无常仍能导致极速变暖和海平面上升。

另一方面，受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠，气候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。

幸好，如果被逼上绝路，科学家们还有最后几招。

在大多数情况下，他们拒绝讨论这些措施，害怕人们会因此沾沾自喜而使这个问题不能被彻底解决。

至少目前是这样。

越来越多的研究者相信一项大型的地质工程建设可用来抵御全球变暖。

斯坦福大学的一位气象学家 Stephen Schneider是很早提出气候变暖这项议题的学者之一。

他说，“我把它比作美沙酮。

如果你那里有一个海洛因上瘾者，那么正确的治疗方法就是住院，接受长时间的康复治疗。

拒绝正常住院治疗，那服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。

”总体思路是给地球也涂上防晒箱。

一个天文学家突发奇想，想借此冷却地球：发射亿万轻如羽毛的碟片进入太空形成巨大“云层”以阻碍太阳光。

这个想法备受争议，但最近的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到这地球表面的阳光以抵消温室效应产生的气候变暖。

全球气候模型表明，阻断百分之一点八的太阳能刚好可以抵消大气中双倍的温室气体所引起的气候变暖现象。

这个想法影响深远，因为即使采取最严格的控制气体排放措施，到本世纪末，二氧化碳量仍会翻倍。

并且，这种情况将再持续至少一个世纪。

1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks thatA strong measures have been taken by the government to prevent global warming.B to reduce carbon emissions is an impossible mission.C despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.尽管有困难,科学家们一些选项来防止全球变暖。

译文纪实系列书目

译文纪实系列书目译文纪实系列书目随着全球化进程的加速，跨文化之间的交流与合作变得越来越频繁和密切。

在这样的背景下，翻译作为一项重要的职业，也得以迅速发展。

为了满足读者的多样化需求，越来越多的翻译作品进入市场，并得到广泛的关注和认可。

为了帮助读者选择高质量的翻译作品，本文将介绍一些优秀的译文纪实系列书目。

一、《繁荣与衰败：世界经济史纪实》该书是美国著名历史学家保罗·肖尔斯的经典著作，被誉为世界经济史的经典之作。

该书以生动的语言和严密的逻辑，全面地介绍了世界经济的发展历程，揭示了经济发展的规律和趋势。

该书被翻译成多种语言，在国内也取得了广泛的影响和认可。

二、《未来简史：从智人到智神》该书是以色列历史学家尤瓦尔·赫拉利的代表作之一，被誉为“最有名的科普书之一”。

该书通过深入浅出的方式，回顾了人类历史上的重大事件和进程，并展望了未来的发展方向。

该书被翻译成多种语言，在全球范围内都备受欢迎和赞誉。

三、《一只特立独行的猪》该书是英国作家罗纳德·达尔的经典儿童文学作品，被翻译成多种语言，在全球范围内深受儿童和家长的喜爱。

该书通过一个有趣的故事，讲述了一只独特的猪的成长历程和与动物们的友情，引导孩子们探索自我和自然的奥秘，培养他们的想象力和创造力。

四、《半生回忆》该书是英国女作家朱迪思·克鲁克斯的自传式小说，被翻译成多种语言，在全球范围内备受读者喜欢。

该书通过作者自身婚姻经历的描写，表现了女性在20世纪中期英国社会中的地位和价值观，引起了人们对女性权利和平等的反思和关注。

五、《震撼世界的七天》该书是美国作家约翰·卡茨的畅销作品之一，描写了1979年伊朗革命期间的七天内发生的重大事件，对当时的伊朗和世界产生了深远的影响。

该书被翻译成多种语言，在国内也受到了广泛的关注和认可。

总之，以上这些译文纪实系列书目涵盖了不同领域的知识，不同国家和地区的文化，是了解世界和提高个人素质的不可或缺的读物。

百部名著导读

百部名著导读目录1、《一千零一夜》2、《人间词话》3、《三国演义》4、《大卫·科波菲尔》5、《小王子》6、《中华文化史》7、《中国思想史论》8、《从反粒子到最终定律》9、《双城记》10、《尤利西斯》11、《巴黎圣母院》12、《文明的溪流》13、《水浒传》14、《牛虻》15、《史记》16、《四世同堂》17、《平凡的世界》18、《本草纲目》19、《正义论》20、《母亲》21、《民主主义与教育》22、《生命中不能承受之轻》23、《生命是什么》24、《伊索寓言》25、《全球通史》26、《吉檀迦利》27、《回忆苏格拉底》28、《孙子兵法》29、《宇宙的琴弦》30、《安娜·卡列尼娜》31、《汤姆叔叔的小屋》32、《百年孤独》33、《红与黑》34、《红楼梦》35、《约翰·克里斯朵夫》36、《老人与海》37、《西方名著中的伟大智慧》38、《西游记》39、《论法的精神》40、《论语》41、《作为意志和表象的世界》42、《君王论》43、《呐喊》44、《围城》45、《形而上学》46、《时间简史从大爆炸到黑洞》47、《社会契约论》48、《纯粹理性批判》49、《苏菲的世界》50、《苏霍姆林斯基选集》51、《麦田里的守望者》52、《呼啸山庄》53、《国富论》54、《幸福之路》55、《昆虫记》56、《物种起源》57、《细胞生命的礼赞一个生物学观察者的手记》58、《终极理论之梦》59、《罗亭》60、《诗经》61、《变形记》62、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》63、《复活》64、《思想录》65、《战争与和平》66、《战争论》67、《神曲》68、《美的历程》69、《钢铁是怎样炼成的》70、《唐诗三百首赏译》71、《宋词三百首赏译》72、《家》73、《根》74、《浮士德》75、《海底两万里》76、《爱弥尔》77、《荷马史诗》78、《资治通鉴》79、《高老头》80、《培根论人生》81、《堂吉诃德》82、《惊人的假说灵魂的科学探索》83、《教育与美好生活》84、《教育的目的》85、《理想国》86、《第五项修炼》87、《傅雷家书》88、《傲慢与偏见》89、《就业、利息与货币通论》（重译本）90、《悲惨世界》91、《确定性的终结时间、混沌与新自然法则》92、《鲁滨孙飘流记》93、《黑洞、婴儿宇宙及其他》94、《简·爱》95、《雷雨》96、《漂亮朋友》97、《精神分析引论》98、《飘》99、《儒林外史》100、《穆斯林的葬礼》百部名著导读1《一千零一夜》诡谲怪异的寓言故事与神话传说阿拉伯社会生活的百科全书★纳训译☆北京-人民文学出版社 1984年版《一千零一夜》是在中世纪阿拉伯文化的沃土上孕育而成的多民族文化交融汇合的产物，这部文学名著汇集了古代近东、中亚和其他地区诸民族的神话传说、寓言故事，情节诡谲怪异，神幻莫测，优美动人，扣动着世界各国读者的心，焕发出经久不衰的魅力。

关于科普类的书籍

关于科普类的书籍1. 《时间简史》：哇塞，你想想，就像进入一个神奇的时空隧道，去探索宇宙的奥秘！霍金用超级通俗易懂的方式，带你了解时间和空间的奇妙之处。

比如，他解释黑洞就好像是一个超级大的“神秘陷阱”，一旦掉进去就出不来啦！这本书绝对能让你对宇宙充满好奇，感受到探索的乐趣！2. 《万物简史》：嘿，这可不是一本普通的书哦，它就像一把神奇的钥匙，能打开你对万物认知的大门！它讲述从微小的原子到浩瀚的宇宙的各种故事。

比如说，它描述地球的历史，就像在看一部超级精彩的纪录片，让你惊叹不已！读了它，你会惊叹世界原来如此丰富多彩！3. 《人类简史》：哎呀呀，这本书简直太有趣啦！就如同跟着一个聪明的导游，带你穿越人类的历史长河。

比如说到人类的进化，就好像是一场漫长又奇妙的旅程，充满了惊喜和意外！你会深深地被吸引，迫不及待地想要知道接下来发生了什么！真的值得一看！4. 《昆虫记》：哇哦，打开这本书，就像是走进了一个奇妙的昆虫世界！法布尔生动地描绘昆虫的生活，就像你在近距离观察那些小生灵。

比如讲蜜蜂建造蜂巢，就像在欣赏一群勤劳的工匠在精心打造艺术品！你会惊叹于昆虫们的聪明才智，感慨大自然的神奇！赶紧去读吧！5. 《从一到无穷大》：嘿，这本书可不得了！它仿佛是一个智慧的宝库，带你领略数学和科学的无限魅力。

当它解释无限大的概念时，就好像是让你站在一个无边无际的旷野中，感受到自己的渺小和知识的浩瀚！读起来绝对让你热血沸腾，对科学充满向往！6. 《几何原本》：哇呀，这可是经典中的经典啊！它就像是一座坚固的数学大厦，等着你去探索。

比如那些几何定理的证明，就像解开一个个神秘的谜题，让你兴奋不已！读了它，你会由衷地佩服古人的智慧！快去感受一下吧！7. 《量子力学史话》：嘿哟，这本书真的超厉害的！就像带你进入一个神秘莫测的量子世界。

当它讲到量子的奇妙现象时，就如同让你置身于一个充满奇幻色彩的梦境，让你惊叹科学的神奇！你难道不想去探索一番这个奇妙的领域吗？8. 《物种起源》：啊哈，达尔文的这本书太震撼啦！就好比是一艘在生命之海上航行的巨轮，带你了解生物进化的历程。

英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇

英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？ (1)（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理 (9)（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉 (29)（四）为什么当代手机电池还是这么不经用 (40)（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？How Could We Get To Mars In Only 28 Hours?Everyone always wants to get to Mars.每个人都总是渴望去火星Unfortunately, the journey would be a long one,不幸的是依靠我们目前的技术taking hundreds of days of travel with our current technology.这趟旅途将会十分漫长长达几百天Well, what if we could shorten that time to only a matter of days试想如果我们不使用宇宙飞船by throwing away our spaceships而是用一些在太空中急速穿梭的东西and using something that’s already zooming acr oss space?这趟旅程可以缩短到几天？I’m talking about comets.我说的是彗星Comets are big ol’ cosmic snowballs,彗星是一个由冻结气体岩石和尘埃made from frozen gases, rock, and dust组成的巨大雪球that end up orbiting the Sun after the other planets当其他行星试图把彗星扔向地球tried throwing them at Earth and missed.但没成功时它们便围绕地球飞行Well, that last part probably isn’t true.当然最后那部分可能是假的Everyone knows that the planets only have water gun battles.我们都知道行星上只有水枪之战Not to mention, comets can actually be pretty big.更不必说彗星实际上可能非常大Frozen, you could probably liken them to about the size of a small town.这些雪球你可以把它们比做一个小镇那么大However, when these things get close to the Sun in their orbit,然而它们在自己的轨道环形并接近太阳时they can begin to heat up.会逐渐变热Then they start spewing dust and gases,接着喷涌出尘埃和气体forming a giant glowing head.形成一个巨大的发光脑袋Huh. I thought only I had that problem.哈我认为只有我有这个顾虑Luckily enough, if we want to use one of these things for stellar travel,幸运的是如果我们想用其中一个彗星进行星际旅行we have quite a few to choose from!我们的选择有很多！According to NASA,根据美国航天局there are around 3,600 comets that we currently know of.我们目前已知的彗星约有3600颗Beyond that, it’s believed that there are billions of other comets out there此外据说在遥远的柯伊伯带还有数十亿颗彗星orbiting our Sun in the Kuiper Belt and even more distant Oort Cloud. 甚至是更远的奥尔特云围绕着太阳运行的What makes comets great for getting around in space彗星能够穿梭星际is that they can go SUPER fast.是因为其速度极快Yeah, this baby can fly!是的这小东西会飞！How fast they’re travelling depends on a bunch of different factors,它们的速度取决于多种不同因素but they can travel anywhere from a few thousand kilometers per hour,但在一定条件下它们的速度可以从时速几千公里to over 160,000 kilometers per hour under certain conditions.达到每小时超16万公里在任何地方飞行In fact, in 2016, scientists at NASA recorded2016年美国航天局的科学家们记录了a comet traveling at nearly 600 kilometers per second as it dove toward the Sun.一颗秒速六百公里驶向太阳的彗星That’s over 2 /million/ kilometers per hour!那超过了两百万公里每小时！To put that in perspective,就此展望if we could travel at 2 million kilometers per hour,如果我们能以每小时两百万公里的速度飞行then wecould get to Mars from Earth in around 28 hours,我们可以在一天多的时间里just little more than a single day,约28小时就可以完成火星之旅assuming the two planets were close together in their orbits. 假设轨道上有两颗行星距离很近Lining up the planets is the least of our worries though.我们可以在可控范围内排列行星While comets can go super fast,彗星的速度超快getting to them would be a big problem.登上彗星仍会是一大问题That’s because, not even considering how hard it would be to actually commandeer one,因为我们甚至没有考虑控制一个彗星有多难comets just don’t typically get that close to Earth.彗星一般离地球很远Hale-Bopp, a comet that made the news about two decades ago, 大概二十年前新闻上报道了海尔-波普彗星came closer to Earth than most comets do,它比大多彗星更靠近地球and it was still about 200 million kilometers away.但还是有约两百万公里的距离We might as well just go straight to Mars at that point!照那样我们还不如直接去火星吧！Even if a comet did come by Earth,即使彗星确实经过地球we assume that its trajectory is towards Mars,我们也断定它的轨道是朝着火星的and we ignore that it would likely be in its more gassy, less-solid state,并且我们忽略了它可能更多的是气体而非固态物质you’d still have to keep yourself alive on the comet.你还要在彗星上生存下去I guess if it’s only a day or so then food and water would be less of an issue我猜如果只是一天左右那食物和水就不是问题了since the aliens would definitely feed you once we got there,因为一旦我们到了那里外星人肯定会伺候我们的but you’d still have to worry about oxygen and protecting your self from space.但你仍要担心氧气并且保护自己远离太空You would need about 0.84 kilograms of oxygen a day,你每天约需0.84公斤的氧气so you better grab a spacesuit and take a big breath before jumping on the comet.所以跳上彗星前你最好穿上宇航服深吸一口气So yeah, using comets as a means of space travel is probably not that viable in the end.所以利用彗星进行太空旅行或许并不可行Sometimes I like doing these thought experiments, you know,有时我喜欢做这些思维实验and then realizing that they can’t work.然后意识到不可能实现But it’s still interesting!仍然它仍很有趣！That’s how we learn people!这也是咱认识人类的方法！So do you have any questions about space that you want me to answer.你有关于太空的疑问想要我解答？Any planets that we should cover next?接下来我们要讲哪些行星？Let me know right now in the comment section below!请立刻在下方评论区告诉我吧！Curious to know what would happen if you were trapped on the international space station?我很好奇如果你被困在国际空间站会发生什么？We teamed up with our friend William Osman to answer that question.我们会与我们的朋友William Osman一起为你解答ISS actually gets its power from solar arrays made up of thousands of solar cells.国际空间站的能量来自上万个太阳能电池组成的阵列These arrays can efficiently covert solar energy into electrical power. 这些阵列可以有效地将太阳能转换成电能Typically producing more power than the station needs at one time. 通常在同一时间产生超出所需的电力（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理The Engineering of the Drinking BirdThis toy has fascinated me since childhood.我从小就对这个玩具着迷To me its motion is almost hypnotic.对我来说它的运动就像是催眠Here’s how it operates.它是这样运转的Wet the bird beak thoroughly with room temperature water.将鸟喙完全浸透在室温的水中The opaque container makes it looked chilled,不透明容器使它看起来冷淬了but it isn’t…其实并没有Then stand it upright…然后让它直立It will take a few seconds for it to start drinking…它要等几秒钟后才开始喝水Notice that all of the action right now takes place in the stem here 注意现在所有的运动都发生在躯干这里As l speed up the action当我快进这个过程you see liquid rising and the bird rocking back and forth.可以看见液面上升饮水鸟开始前后摇摆If I return to normal speed,如果调回常速播放you can see the bird slowly …可以看到饮水鸟慢慢地very, very slowly ….非常非常慢地Rock forward…向前摆动Until it takes a drink,直到它喝到了水which it will do again and again.然后一遍又一遍地重复此过程In this video I’ll detail the bird’s clever engineering design,在本视频中我将详述这只鸟精妙的工程设计explain how it uses thermodynamics,阐明它是如何运用热力学知识and link its action to some of the greatest将其运动与一些工程师创造的and most impactful devices created by engineers.伟大且影响深远的装置联系起来的This toy has long history,这个玩历史悠久but its current incarnation is due to Miles V. Sullivan—它的当前形态是由贝尔实验室一名科学家a scientist at Bell Labs.Miles V. Sullivan创造的He specialized in methods of manufacturing semiconductors,他专精于研究制造半导体的方法but as a sideline invented toys.发明玩具是他的副业Its reported that this bird delighted U.S. President Herbert Hoover,据说这只饮水鸟深得美国总统赫伯特·胡佛喜爱an engineer who failed to figure out how it worked,作为一名工程师他没搞懂它的工作原理and it also defeated the great scientist Albert Einstein,而且它还难倒了伟大的科学家艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦who spent three and half months studying it.爱因斯坦花了三个半月来研究它It’s reported that he refused to take the bird apart.据报道他拒绝把这只鸟拆开With the benefit of hindsight,有了后见之明let’s start by exploring how it works让我们从探索它的工作原理and examining the key engineering design aspects.以及检查关键的工程设计方面开始First, let’s ask is the water ornamental or essential?首先要问的是水是装饰品还是必需品？At first the bird acts just as if the water were still there.最初饮水鸟的行为好像水还在那里一样Now let’s speed up the bird’s motion我们快进饮水鸟的动作you see at 15 minutes it is still drinking.可以看见过了15分钟它仍在喝水At 30 still drinking.30分钟还在喝水45 minutes still drinking.45分钟依然还在喝水60 minutes still drinking.60分钟还在喝水75 minutes still drinking.75分钟仍然还在喝水And five or ten minutes later,又过了5到10分钟后at eighty or eight-five minutes it takes its last drink.约在80到85分钟它喝了最后一次水The liquid still rises a bit,虽然液面上升了一点but it never rises enough to make the bird tip over,但它从没上升到足够使鸟翻倒的高度which shows that the motion is not perpetual说明这个运动不是永恒的—as long as there is water, the bird keeps drinking.只要有水鸟就一直喝水Let’s look inside the bird来看看饮水鸟的内部to get an idea of how it works.了解它的工作原理Underneath the bird’s hat, beak and fabric covering lies a glass bulb 在鸟帽鸟嘴和织物覆盖物下面有一个玻璃泡smaller than the bulb at the base, and also rounder.它比底部的玻璃泡小也更圆Now, watch as I put a few drops of isopropyl alcohol on the bulb to cool it.现在我滴几滴异丙醇在玻璃泡上使它降温The liquid rapidly rises to the head,里面的液体快速上升到头部this changes the bird’s center of gravity这改变了饮水鸟的重心so that it will tilt forward.使它向前倾斜The head now fills with liquid and then …现在头部充满了液体接下来……there…你看…it …drinks.它喝水了It becomes upright and the liquid drains from the head.它直立后液体从头部排出Liquid rises again to the head and…液体再一次上升到头部……the bird drinks again.饮水鸟再一次喝水This cycle repeats until all of the isopropyl alcohol on the bird ’s head evaporates.这个过程循环往复直到鸟头上的异丙醇都蒸发掉Why does the liquid rise?为什么液面会上升呢？The place to begin is with the bird’s manufacture.我们从饮水鸟的制造说起The bird is filled through this “tap ”—a small pipe built into the head —通过装在头部里的小管子即龙头with methylene chloride dyed red, which is then frozen,向鸟内装入冷冻的染成红色的二氯甲烷a vacuum applied to evacuate the air,抽走空气形成真空the tap sealed ( and of course, later hidden by the bird’s hat )…把龙头密封(当然后来被鸟帽盖住了)And then the methylene chloride melts:之后二氯甲烷融化It turns to liquid and then some of it evaporates（turns into vapor）.转变为液态其中部分二氯甲烷蒸发(变成蒸汽)The key to the bird’s operation is饮水鸟运转的关键就在于that the vapor in the head and in the base are separated by the liquid in the base.头部和底部的气体被底部的液体所隔离It’s hard to see,这很难看清楚but the tube extends into the base, nearly reaching the bottom.不过管子延伸到底部几乎接触到底面This separates the vapor in base and the vapor in the tube使得底部和管中的气体隔离……and …of course, the head.当然还有头部的气体So, at rest the pressure in these two spaces are equal,在静止状态这两个空间的压强相等but when the bird’s beak is wet,但当鸟喙湿润时the temperature falls鸟喙温度下降and as I’ll explain in a moment the pressure in the head drops头部的压强下降这个我稍后会解释below that in the base and the liquid rises.降到低于底部的压强然后液面上升Of course this liquid in the head causes the bird to…tilt forward, to drink …自然头部的液体导致饮水鸟向前倾斜喝水and when it drinks,当它喝水时the vapor in the head and the base are connected,头部和底部的蒸汽连通the pressures is nearly equalize两端压强几乎相等—a slug of vapor rises to the top and some liquid drains from the head一股蒸汽上升到头部迫使部分液体流出and then the cycle repeats.然后循环重复To see the pressure equalize为了看到压强平衡过程l will slow down the bird as I tilt it forward.我会慢一点倾斜饮水鸟Right now the head is half full.现在头部已经半满了When I tilt it you see a slug of vapor go from bottom to top.当它倾斜时可以看见一股蒸汽从底部升到顶部I’ve tilted it far enough forward我把它倾斜得够多that the liquid in the head is below the top of the tube以至于头部的液面低于管子的顶端and the liquid in the base is below the section of the tube that almost reaches the bottom of the bird.同时底部液面也低于几乎触底的管子底端This allows the pressure to equalize,这样头部和底部的压强相等and as the bird becomes upright而当饮水鸟站起来时the liquid returns to the base before the cycle starts again.液体会在下一次循环开始之前返回到底部In operation it doesn’t tilt quite this far forward实际运转时它不会向前倾斜这么多and so the pressures don’t fully equalize.因此压强不会完全平衡Why, though, does the pressure in the head drop as the temperature falls?那么头部压强为何会随着温度下降而下降呢？You can see the answer if I shoot cool, compressed gas across the bird’s head.你看我向头部射低温压缩气体就知道答案了As the cool gas strikes,遇到低温气体时you see liquid condensing inside the head;头部内壁出现了冷凝的液体and, as you see on the left,正如你在左图看到的this causes the liquid in the base to rise.这导致底部的液面上升The cool gas withdraws energy as heat from the head,低温气体带走头部的热量causing some of the methylene chloride vapor inside to condense –to turn into a liquid.导致头部部分二氯甲烷气体冷凝成液体This decreases dramatically the amount of vapor in the head.这大大减少了头部的气体体积Liquid is 1,000 times more dense than vapor.液体的密度是气体的1000倍This in turn lowers the pressure in the head and causes the liquid to rise.结果降低了头部的压强使液面上升I used compressed gas to cool the head我用压缩气体给头部降温because I can control the amount of cooling;因为我可以控制降温的程度the bird, though, cools its head by “drinking.”然而饮水鸟通过喝水来降温The head is wrapped in fabric that absorbs water.其头部包裹在吸水的织物中As I put drops on its beak当我把水滴在鸟喙上you can see the water beads up at first…一开始你可以看到水珠……and then saturates the fabric and spreads rapidly across the bird’s face.然后水珠浸透织物并迅速扩散到鸟的整个面部On the right side you can see it creeping to back of the head.从右边看可以看到水渍浸到了后脑勺If I now turn the bird around,如果我现在把鸟转过来you can see that the water has spread to the back.可以看到水已经蔓延到后面As I continue adding drops on the beak如果我继续往鸟喙上滴水the saturated area on the back increases.头背处渗水区域扩大When this water evaporates into the air, it removes energy from the bulb as heat当水蒸发到空气中带走了头部的热量you feel this effect every time you step out of the shower,每次你洗完澡都会有这种感受the evaporating water withdraws energy as heat and chills you.蒸发的水带走热量让你感到冷飕飕的This evaporation, this withdrawal of heat, lowers the temperature 蒸发吸热降低了头部的温度and begins the condensation of the vapor, which starts the cycle 蒸汽冷凝启动循环as I showed you with the cool, compressed gas.就像我之前用低温压缩气体做的演示一样As long as the head is wet and heat is withdrawn from it,只要头部保持潮湿而且有热量带走the bird will always “drink, ”饮水鸟将一直“喝水”but if you were to operate the bird in humid air,但如果你把饮水鸟放在潮湿的环境it would slow down, because little water would evaporate,它就会减速喝水因为很少有水分蒸发and if the air were at 100 % humidity the bird would stop如果空气湿度是100% 饮水鸟将停止喝水because no water would evaporate at all.因为根本没有水蒸发Now, to make this dramatic condensation happen现在为了达到明显的冷凝效果when the temperature is lowered just slightly当温度只稍微降低时the evaporating water lowers the temperature by only about three-tenths of a degree水的蒸发只降低了0.3 度the bird’s designer choose a highly volatile liquid.饮水鸟的设计者选择了一种极易挥发的液体This means one whose boiling point is near ambient temperature这就需要这种液体的沸点接近室温because for small changes in temperature因为即使温度轻微变化there is a large change from vapor to liquid从气态至液态的变化也是巨大的and so the variation of pressure is large.从而引起压强的巨大变化Watch what happens as I “heat ”the base of the bird with my hand.观察我用手加热饮水鸟的底部时会怎么样You see the liquid level in the base dropping,可以看到底部的液面在下降that’s because energy from my hand is converting some of the liquid into vapor,这是由于手的热量使部分液体转化成气体which increases the pressure in this region…增大了这个区域的压强and that causes the liquid to rise to the head.从而使液体上升到头部Eventually I heat the vapor so much that it shoots up the stem.最终我把蒸汽加热到从管子中冒出来Now watch as I place my hand around the head.现在看我把手放在头部Heat from my hand converts liquid to vapor,手上的热量将液体转化为蒸汽which increases the pressure从而增大了压强and forces the liquid back to the base.并迫使液体回到底部To test this explanation of the bird’s operation,为了验证这个饮水鸟运转的解释let’s activate the bird in different ways.让我们用不同方式来触发饮水鸟As I noted it is the temperature difference between its top and bottom我说过是它顶部和底部的温差that drives liquid to rise to the head.驱使液体上升至头部So, let’s see what happens if I point a light at the base of the bird,那么我们看看对底部进行光照会怎么样which I’ve painted black我把饮水鸟的底部涂成了黑色so it will absorb the energy from the light better.这样它能更好地吸收光能As I heat the base of the bird,当我给饮水鸟底部加热时the liquid rises, as before but …液体像之前一样上升但是……五倍速播放the bird tips backwards.饮水鸟向后倾斜The wet nose tilted the center of gravity……湿润的鼻子倾斜了饮水鸟的重心……and so I added some modelling clay to the nose于是我在鸟鼻子上加了些粘土to get the bird to tilt forward.好让鸟向前倾斜And now when I turn on the light the liquid rises,现在当我打开灯光液体上升the birds drinks as if there were liquid in front of it until…鸟儿就像面前有水一样喝水直到……I turn the light off我把灯关掉and the bird drinks for a little bit longer until eventually…这只鸟再坚持了一会儿直到最终……it comes to rest.它停了下来Next, let’s see what happens if we use this: Whiskey.接下来让我们看看用这个会怎么样：威士忌Again, thoroughly wet the bird’s beak with the liquid…再次用液体浸润鸟喙……stand it upright …让它直立……and then we see again the liquid rising in the bird …然后我们又看到饮水鸟体内的液面上升and then …it drinks.然后……它在喝水We can also now understand why the bird’s rate of drinking differs 我们现在也能理解在三种不同的刺激下among the three methods I used to “activate ”the bird:为什么饮水鸟的喝水频率不同了a heat lamp, whiskey and water.加热灯威士忌和水三种刺激Roughly, heat bird takes three drinks for every one of the water bird,大致上饮水鸟每喝一次水受热鸟喝三次the whiskey bird takes two for every drink of the water bird.而饮水鸟每喝一次饮酒鸟喝两次The reason the bird drinks whiskey faster than water is之所以饮酒鸟比饮水鸟快because the rate of evaporation of the alcohol is greater than that of water.是因为相对于水酒精更易挥发This means that heat is withdrawn faster from the head也就是说头部的热量散失更快and so more vapor condenses in a shorter amount of time,短时间内冷凝的蒸气更多which accelerates the pressure difference.从而加速扩大压差The heat lamp causes the greatest difference of all,加热灯导致的压差最大which highlights how an engineer thinks about this bird.这重点表明了工程师对饮水鸟的想法To an engineer this bird is a heat engine.对工程师来说饮水鸟是一个热机A heat engine turns heat differences into work —mechanical motion.热机将热能转化为功——机械运动To see that recall that when the bird is just about to drink回想一下当鸟正要喝水时that its head is at a lower temperature than its base,它的头部温度比底部的低which is at ambient temperature.底部温度就是环境温度Then when it “drinks ”, the pressure in the head and base start to equalize,当它“喝水”时头部和底部的压强开始平衡so liquid returns to the base,于是液体回到底部but the overall temperature of the bird但是现在饮水鸟的整体温度is now just a little below ambient temperature.只是稍低于环境温度When it return to upright, the base draws in energy as heat…当它恢复直立时底部吸热……the head then rejects some energy as heat头部放热and the bird drinks again.然后饮水鸟再次喝水These two flows define a heat engine:这种热传递定义了热机：a device, operating in a cycle一种循环运行的装置that absorbs heat from a high temperature reservoir,从高温热源处吸热converts part of it into work,将部分热能转化为功and rejects the remainder into a low temperature reservoir.向低温热源放热The fact that this is a heat engine饮水鸟就是热机这一事实means it’s related to the great machines that make our globalized world happen:表明它跟实现全球化的许多伟大机器有关among those the mighty steam turbine that generates electricity,其中有能发电的大型蒸汽轮机the giant diesel engine that propels container ships across the oceans,推动货轮穿越海洋的大型柴油机and the great gas turbine that flies us around the globe.还有让我们飞遍全球的燃气轮机（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉Lab-Grown Meat Is Coming to Your Supermarket. Ranchers Are Fighting Back.Would you eat a hamburger or a chicken nugget你会吃在实验室生长的肉made of meat grown in a laboratory?所制的汉堡或鸡块吗？Joshua Tetrick, co-founder and CEO of JUST is betting that you will. JUST的合伙人兼CEO Joshua Tetrick断言你会吃In tomorrow’s world, you can eat more meat,在将来你能在不吃动物的情况下hopefully safer meat, even better tasting meat, without eating the animal.吃到更多的肉很可能是更安全甚至更好吃的肉JUST which is based in San Francisco,JUST公司位于美国旧金山has been producing and selling2013年起就生产销售non animal versions of food like mayonnaise since 2013各种无动物食品and it’s raised more than 310 million dollars in venture capital.并筹集到超过3.1亿美元的风险投资基金Tetrick and his team have created products like JUST Mayo Tetrick及其团队通过寻找鸡蛋等常见动物产品的植物替代品by identifying plant based alternatives to common animal products like eggs.创造了像JUST Mayo这样的产品We’re one part pharma,我们公司有医药部one part bio-tech and a whole bunch of regular food company.有生物技术部总得来说是一个常规的食品公司We built a discovery system that我们创建的搜索系统has the only patent of the world拥有世界上唯一能够that utilizes machine learning for food ingredient discovery利用机器学习如何搜索食物组成的专利and it helped us find this mung bean该系统还帮我们找到了that when you put it in a pan scrambles一种放入平底锅时变得蓬松的绿豆and that process broken down means that这一过程的突破意味着we source from over 51 countries in the world,我们的原料来自超过世界上51个国家we look at about 21 different molecular properties,我们要研究大约21种不同分子的性能we look at how that bean functions,研究这种绿豆的作用does it bake a cake, does it gel in a pan看它能否用来烤蛋糕是否会粘在平底锅上and then we see if it makes ice cream or butter or scrambled eggs. 以及能否用来做冰淇淋黄油或炒鸡蛋Our process of finding these new tools is high tech,这些新工具的开发过程技术含量高but what we find is not high tech at all.但开发结果却简单的很The mung bean has been in the world’s food system for 4400 years.早在4400年前绿豆就已经被当做食物了I sure as hell didn’t invent the mung bean.我很肯定绿豆不是我发明的JUST is one of the handful of tech companies workingJUST只是众多致力于to disrupt the meat production industry.颠覆肉类供应行业的高科技公司之一While many of its competitors are pursuing better plant based meat substitutes,正当其他竞争者还在寻找更好的以植物为基础的肉类替代品时JUST is pushing ahead with so called clean meatJUST已经开始推进所谓的瘦肉or lab grown animal tissue that requires no farming,和无需农场养殖无需喂养牲畜且无需屠宰场no feeding of livestock and no slaughterhouses.的实验室生长的动物组织Only a single sample from a single animal duplicated endlessly.只需要动物身上的一个样本就可以无限克隆JUST and companies like it are poised toJUST和其他同类公司准备disrupt the entire livestock industry but颠覆整个畜牧业the established players are turning to the government to protect their turf.但是现有的畜牧公司正在向政府寻求庇护The United States Cattlemen’s Association, which declined to participate in this story,美国牧民协会拒绝受访submitted a petition still under consideration by the United States Department of并向美国农业部递交了请愿书目前正在受理中Agriculture asking that the words meat and beef exclude any products他们请求肉和牛肉这样的词汇不得用于that are ‘neither derived from animals, nor slaughtered in the traditional manner.’任何既不来自动物也不经传统方法宰杀的肉类产品The power of the terms is a lot more powerful than people think, 这些术语的影响力远比人们想象的要大especially in food尤其是在食品行业Imagine Tesla launches a pickup truck,想象一下如果特斯拉推出了一辆小货车but US Department of Transportation says然后美国交通部门说-Hold up, Tesla, y ou can’t call it a pickup truck.-等等特斯拉你不能把它称作小货车You have to call it electric mobility transport unit.你必须叫它“电动交通装置”That’s not winning in Alabama, even though it might be fast,这在阿拉巴马州行不通即使它可能很快even though it might have an amazing amount of horsepower,马力也超级大because a car is identity, but food’s identity even more.因为车有它的定义而食物的定义则更复杂JUST is also looking to transcend the vegan vs carnivore paradigm. JUST也在试图寻找一种超越纯素食主义者和肉食主义者的范式来界定We don’t allow the term vegan to be used in our company.我们公司不允许使用“纯素食主义者”这个词Not because we don’t believe in the spiri of it,并不是因为我们不相信素食主义精神that word ends up turning off 99% of people.而是这个词会令99%的人反感The food system needs to start over,食物体系需要革新了little girls in the second row of a class in Liberia aren’t ge tting proper nutrients,在利比里亚教室里第二排的女孩们营养不良a young boy growing up in Birmingham Alabama is阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一个男孩accelerating a path to Type 2 diabetes,患2型糖尿病的速度加快了animals are being confined in needless ways,动物们受到了一些不必要的限制it’s contributing to climate change,这加剧了气候变化and I think if we can think differently about the food system而且我觉得如果我们对食物系统换种思维while also realizing that we can’t be so new and so out there同时认识到我们不能太新奇太超前that it doesn’t relate to the everyday human being,以至和百姓的寻常生活脱节we can do a whole lot of good.我们就可以造福大家And that’s what I want to do.而这就是我想要做的This isn’t Tetrick’s first fight with entrenched food interests.。

科普翻译的挑战

科普翻译的挑战
徐彬;郭红梅
【期刊名称】《上海翻译》
【年(卷),期】2012()1
【摘要】科普翻译是我国第四次翻译浪潮(以外译汉为主)中重要的翻译现象。

然而科普翻译在我国受轻视,研究不深入。

本文论证科普文本本身的难度并不亚于任何文学文体和其他实用文体的作品。

而科普著作的文学性、趣味性、科学性和通俗性,都能形成翻译的陷阱,给译者带来困难。

本文借助实例分析了这些困难,并提出希望:在科普翻译繁荣的同时,科普翻译理论研究应受到关注,取得与翻译实践相匹配的成果。

【总页数】5页(P42-46)
【关键词】科技英语;科普;科普翻译
【作者】徐彬;郭红梅
【作者单位】山东师范大学外国语学院;山东建筑大学外国语学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H059
【相关文献】
1.英汉科普文本的功能差异及翻译策略——功能翻译理论对科普文本翻译的启示[J], 段于兰;覃成强
2.也谈科普作品"Entropy"一文的翻译——兼论科普文章的翻译技巧 [J], 程林;
3.科普翻译的历史功绩与未来担当
——兼评《中国百年英汉科普文本翻译研究》 [J], 余义兵
4.科普与科幻翻译研究的开山之作——郭建中教授《科普与科幻翻译:理论、技巧与实践》序 [J], 方梦之
5.中国科普作协翻译委员会评选“改革开放30年30部优秀科普翻译图书”揭晓[J],
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

英语科普文章带翻译

英语科普文章带翻译Title: The Science Behind the Formation of Rainbows。

Rainbows are one of the most beautiful natural phenomena that occur in the sky. They have fascinated humans for centuries and have been the subject of many myths and legends. But what is the science behind the formation of rainbows?Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through water droplets in the air. The light is refracted, or bent, as it enters the water droplet, causing it to split into its component colors – red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This is called dispersion.Once the light is dispersed, it is reflected off the inside of the water droplet and refracted again as it exits the droplet. This causes the colors to bend at slightly different angles, with red light bending the least and violet light bending the most.As the light exits the water droplet, it spreads out into a circular arc of colors. This is what we see as a rainbow. The center of the circle is opposite the sun, and the size of the circle depends on the size of the water droplets in the air.Rainbows can also be seen in other situations where light is refracted and dispersed, such as in the spray of a waterfall or in the mist of a fountain. However, they are most commonly seen after a rain shower when the sun is low in the sky and the air is filled with water droplets.Interestingly, a double rainbow can sometimes be seen. This occurs when the light is reflected twice inside the water droplets, causing a second, fainter rainbow to appear outside the first one. The colors in the second rainbow are reversed, with violet on the outside and red on the inside.In addition to being beautiful, rainbows have also been used for practical purposes. For example, they have been used in navigation and surveying to determine the positionof the sun in the sky.In conclusion, rainbows are a wonderful example of the science of light and color. They are formed when sunlight passes through water droplets in the air and are seen as a circular arc of colors. Understanding the science behind rainbows can help us appreciate their beauty even more.。