【免费下载】英语对外新闻报道中文新闻写作指导手册
《英语新闻阅读与写作》(双语讲义教案)-1 news format 新闻格式
Course OutlineIntroductionThis course is offered as a subject Journalism for second year or third year, and also available as an elective to other students. Although the content is the same, Journalism students must complete an additional assessment task.Subject DescriptionThe purposes of this subject are to develop news reading and writing skills for the print media, and help to understand the difference between English news and Chinese news.Students will be introduced to a range of core themes, including identifying story ideas, news writing style, selecting and reporting the news, writing according to a traditional inverted pyramid approach, and writing specialized types of stories.Assessment is built around the development of fundamental reading and writing skills, including the ability to convey often complex information in a concise way, the ability to analyze news written by different news agency. Students will be expected to submit a range of stories and other writing tasks for assessment.Learning OutcomesOn successful completion of this subject, students will be able to:1.Understand the basic principles of news writing.2.Identify story angles in news events/issues.3.Be able to research stories and conduct interviews that add significa ntly to a story’sdevelopment4. Write news stories that will appeal to a broad readership.AttributesIn meeting these objectives, students will develop skills relevant to the following: 1. A commitment to continued and independent learning, intellectual development, critical analysis and creativity.2. Self-confidence combined with oral and written skills of a high level.3. A capacity for, and understanding of, teamwork.4. An ability to analyze issues logically, as well as to evaluate different options andviewpoints and to implement decisions.5. An appreciation and valuing of cultural and intellectual diversity and the ability to function in a multicultural or global environment.Chapter 1:Format and StyleOverviewNews reporter have developed a very different format and writing style so as to express all kinds of information to the reader clearly and accurately. These rules are so important and basically used that students in this field should master it before they begin their reporter careers.In this chapter, we will learn:1. Start your news story with the news format, though it can finely vary between one newspaper and another;2. Use special editing-symbols listed here to correct all the errors after you finished the news story;3. Double check the accuracy of every fact reported in the news stories you write, make sure that there are no more name, number, place and other spelling mistakes;4. Avoid sexual and other stereotypes in your news stories.ContentⅠFormat And StyleAlthough most newsrooms no longer contain typewriters, students must still learn the traditional news story format and copy-editing symbols, for a number of reasons:1. Newspapers that have not installed the electronic equipment continue to use the traditional format and copy-editing symbols and to employ some typesetters.2. Reporters and editors may have to handle some typewritten copy from free-lance writers, public relations agencies and a variety of other sources.3. The traditional format and copy-editing symbols are still used by some magazines, book publishers and advertising agencies.ⅡNews Story FormatReporters have developed a unique format for their stories, and each story you write should follow the guideline suggested here.1. Type each news story on separate 8 by 11-inch sheets of paper2. Type your name, the date and a slug line in the upper left-hand corner of the first page.Example:Slug line can help reporters identify and keep track of stories that are being prepared for publication. It also provides a quick summary of each story’s topic.A. Slug line should not exceed two or three words and should be as specific as possible, but not vague slug line.Example:Mayor’s Speech (good)School FireSpeech (vague，might be confused with each other) FireB. Avoid jokes, sarcasm and statements of opinion that would cause embarrassment if the slug line were accidentally published, as sometimes happens.Example:A reporter in California was asked to write about a party given by several prominent women. He slugged it “Old Biddies”Example:A writer at the Boston Globe wrote the slug line to criticize a speed given by President Carter，so the lead editorial published the next morning bore the headline, “ Mush from the Wimp. ”3. Begin each story one-third to one-half of the way down the first page. The space at the first page provides room for your byline, a headline and special instructions to your paper’s typesetters.4. Newspapers place a dateline at the beginning of the first line of each news story to indicate the story’s geographical source.A. Dateline includes the name of the city, printed entirely in capital letters and followed by a comma, the abbreviation for the state in upper/lower case and a dash.Example:LEXINGTON, Ky.----PORTLAND, Ore.----B. Some major cities such as Boston, Chicago, Miami, Los Angeles, are used alone, without their state.SHANGHAI ---C. Local news do not add the name of the state, use only name of other cities,5. Type on only one side of each pages, keep your paper neat, uniform and easy to read.A. Do not leave any extra space between paragraphs.B. Avoid starting a sentence or paragraph at the bottom of one page and finishing it at the top of the next page.6. If a story is continued on a second page, write the word “more” at the bottom of the first page and circle it to indicate that the word is not the part of the story and should not be set in type.7. Begin the second page about one inch from the top of the page, with your last name, the page number and the slug line in the upper left-hand corner.8. Below the last line of every news story, in the center of the page, place one of these “end marks”:-12-# # #-0-ⅢCopy-Editing SymbolsIf you make a mistake while typing a story, or if you want to edit a story after typing it, use the copy-editing symbols is faster and easier than retyping the story.ⅣAccuracy of Facts and SpellingDouble check the accuracy of every fact reported in all the news stories you write. Errors will damage a newspaper’s reputation and may seriously harm people mentioned in the stories.You will also be penalized for errors in diction, grammar and style.1. Be especially careful to check the spelling of people’s name.A. When you’re finished with the story, check the spelling of every name.B. Check against your notes, but that’s not enough. Check against written source s, which include business cards, legal documents, phone books, web sites or public record database.C. If you find a conflict, check again with the source.D. Check the title, too.2. Check every number. Double-check each number, too. Again, your notes are not enough. Check documents, reports, databases, web sites.3. Check the quotes.A. Double check the quotes against your notes and/or recordings. Check word for word. If the quote has a “not” in it, be sure that it made it into your story.B.Ask, if you’re not sure. If you can’t make out something in your notes that you think was important, call the character back.You can say, “I thought this was what you said, but I just wanted to be sure.” She may confirm, correct or elaborate. And she might tell you a couple things she thought of after the interview, stimulated in thought or memory by your questions.4. Check technical matters. If you’re writing about technical matters, such as scientific or legal matters, you probably have simplified for the reader. Run your description past an expert to make sure you haven’t misunderstood or confuse d something important.ⅤAvoid Sexual and Other StereotypesIn the past, news stories seemed to emphasize women’s domestic and sexual role as wives, mothers, cooks, seamstresses, housekeeper and sex objects. During the 1960s and 1970s, woman began to complain that such stereotypes are false and demeaning---that women are human beings, not primarily housewives and sex objects.There is a typical document about sexist.Also, journalists are trying to avoid sexist title and comments. Many big news agencies have developed their notebook to help avoid this in details, such as The Press Associated, the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal. All they mentioned:1. Avoid using “man” as a generic nounThe Engl ish language tends to use “man” as a generic noun. It is as if men represent the whole human race.2. Avoid using “he” as a generic pronounUnless the gender of the subject is known and is relevant to the context, avoid using “he” as a generic pronoun.3. Avoid associating men and women with certain professionsI t’s common to associate men and women with certain professions. Try to use gender-neutral terms to name these professions.4. Avoid gender stereotyping, avoid seeing women as possessionsA. Do not assume conventional kind of gender relations.B. Alternate the word order in phrases that include both sexes so that neither women nor men always go first, to avoid giving the impression that women are after-thoughts.C. Identify women as individuals, persons in their own right, rather than assomeone’s wife, mother, grandmother or widow, unless it is appropriate given the specific context.D. Avoid seeing women as possessions by naming them in reference to their husbands or fathers.ⅥCopy Preparation Checklist1. Have you started typing one-third to one-half of the way down the first page and one inch from the top of all following pages?2. Do you have the slug line (no more than two or three words) that specially describes your story’s content?3. Is the story typed and double-spaced, with only one story on a page?4. Is each paragraph indented and marked?5. Have you used a pencil and the proper copy-editing symbols to correct all your errors?6. Have you made certain that no words are divided and hyphenated at the end of a line, and that no sentences or paragraphs are continued on another page?7. If the story continued on a second page, have you typed and circled “more” at the bottom of the first page; type your name, page number and slug line at the top of the second page; and typed “-30-,””###” or “-0-” at the end of the story?8. If the story originated outside your community, have you add the proper dateline?9. Have you used the city directory to verify the spelling of all names used in the story and checked and drawn a box around those names every time they are used?10. Have you be careful to avoid sexual and other stereotypes?Suggested Reading:1. Resources to help ensure accuracy“How to cur e the corrections plague,” a discussion among newsroom trainers: /list/acc.aspGregg McLachlan’s “L-E-A-R-N from your mistakes”:/train/res/report/learn.aspGregg McLachlan’s “Get to the source of attribution”:/train/res/report/attr.aspChip Scanlan ’s “Getting it Right: A Passion for Accuracy”:/column.asp?id=52&aid=179392. Resources to help avoid gender sensitive wordsAfter the 1995 Beijing Conference, UNESCO published its Guidelines onGender-neutral Language. The following is a selection of language tips from the document.The entire handbook can be downloaded from UNESCO’s Women and Gender Equality site: /women/index_en.htmAssignmentsSection 1: TITLES ---replace these titles with words that include both men and women.1. Businessman2. Congressman3. Craftsman4. Fatherland5. Founding fathers6. Mailman7. Man 8. Mankind9. Man-sized 10. Salesman11. Statesman 12. WorkmanSection 2: NOUNS AND PRONOUNS ---rewrite the following sentences, avoiding the use of male nouns and pronouns.1. A reporter is expected to protect his sources.2. A good athlete often jogs to build his endurance.3.Normally, every auto mechanic buys his own tools.4.No one knows which of the nation’s congressmen leaked the details to his wife andfriends.5.If a patient is clearly dying of cancer, doctors may give him enough drugs to easethe pain, and perhaps even enough to hasten his death.Section 3: STEREOTYPES---rewrite the following sentences, avoiding sexist language and comments.1. A California man and his wife attended the reunion.2.The bus driver, a woman, was blamed for the accident.3.While the girls were playing tennis, their husbands were playing golf.4.She is 56 years old and a petite grandmother but still plays tennis five days a week.5.While her husband works, Walerie Dawkins raises their children and dabbles inpolitics.6.Mrs. John Favata said she often discusses the stock market with other girls in herneighborhood.7.Mike Deacosta, his wife and their two children---Mark and Amy---served as thehosts.8.Councilman Alice Cycler, the attractive wife of a lawyer and mother of eight girls, isfighting to improve the city’s parks.Section 4:Develop a terminology for your language.。
新闻基础写作技巧
新闻基础采写技巧讲解
海南师范大学新闻传播系 曾庆江
新闻写作理念
把我们知道的告知媒体 让媒体告知更多的人
方法三：“人”字当头。 问题：不少硬新闻，或者是事件领引始终，或 者是“符号”贯穿始终，或者是数字结构全篇， 让受众觉得距离自己比较远。 对策：强化个体的人，淡化作为符号化的人。 操作：微观视角入手。
硬新闻软化的基本技巧
方法四：语言通俗化 问题：一些专业性比较强的事件性新闻，因为 涉及到相关的专业名词、术语等而导致深奥难 懂，远离大众。 对策：语言通俗化和形象化。 操作：从“直译”到“意译”。
4.新闻作品的标题
简洁明了，能够揭示新闻的最本质性变动。 多用实体性词汇，少用描述性的词句。 最好能够在标题中揭示几个新闻要素。
标题示例
大上海的小理发师 武警外地救人，客人千里谢恩（原） 海南武警广州救人，北京客人海口谢恩（改） 两高公布食品安全案件司法解释 金牌焊工贾向东：用心在钢铁上“绣花” “岳阳”舰在三亚加入战斗序列 海口琼州大桥明起加固维修 交通管制4个月
软新闻硬化的基本技巧
方法一：从现象到本质。 问题：目前不少软新闻过于琐碎化，停留在现 象的描述上，缺少大气的人文关怀。 对策：对现象进行深入的剖析，进而达到对本 质的揭示。主题的适当提炼。 操作：记者不能停留在新闻表层，而是应当揭 示本质。
软新闻硬化的基本技巧
加强英语新闻写作加大对外宣传力度
英 语中有许多缩略词经常 出现在新 闻 的标 题中 ，都能起到文字 紧凑 、内容
突 出的作用 。
４ ．引 用 或 套 用 名 言 ， 典 故 谚 语 和
从 上 面 的句 法分 析 可 以看 出 ，这 用 的词 汇 ，借 以夸 张 、渲 染 气氛 而 且
ｕ — ｆ ０ ｔ ｒ ｓ ｃ ｒｙ ｎ ｒ ｕ ｃ ｅ ２ ＯＣ （ｎ ｅ ｎ ｔｏ ａ ｙ ｉ ０ ｔ ｏ＿ｃ ｎ ｍｌ ｈａｔ ｒｂｕ ． ａ ｒ ｉ ｇａｇ ｏ ｐ ）Ｉ Ｉ ｔ ｒ ａ ｉｎ ｌＯｌｍｐ Ｃ
Ｃ ｍ ｔｅ ｏ ｍｉｅ） ｔ
中 ，经常使用一些在 日常 口语 中不 常用 的非常正规的词语来叙述描写事 件 ，这 些词语 大多精悍 ，形神并茂 ，节奏铿锵
现 “ 第三方声音 ” ，如律师 、 专家 、学
作为 区域性纸媒 ，一方面我们的采 者 ”应更有成就感 。
者等 ，他们与事 件无 关 ，站在公共 立场 访对象 已经习惯 了报喜不 报忧的惯性思 力 ，也体 现出媒体 的客观公 正性 。
说话 ，以理服人 ，因此可大大增强说 服 维 ；同时 ，我们的媒体人 总难 免受到各 意 的一 点 ，那就是如今 “ 报料人 ”越来 种社会关 系的掣肘 。 日久 天长 ， “ 多栽 越职业化 和普及化 ，有些报料人 是怀有
在 上述 两个例 子 中 ，例 １ 略 了不 省
通过 用逗号代 替ａ ｄ ｎ 可以使标 题 的
英语新 闻的标题 ，突出体现 了英语 定 冠 词 ａ 、定 冠 词 ｔ ｅ 数 词 后 的 名 词 语 言更 简洁。 ｈ和
后 ，立即登 门采访 ，并深人调查 。４ ｌ 纠纷 时 ，媒体人应该 站在一个合适 的位 究舆论监督的策略陛，采写负面消息时， 月 ８
丁往道《英语写作手册(中文版)》复习笔记(措辞)【圣才出品】
第二章措辞Ⅰ. 词的类型据语体风格，常用的词（规范英语词汇）可分为三类：正式的、一般的、非正式的。
1. 正式词汇（又称作学术性的词、文雅的词或“大”词）（1）适用文体正式文体，如学术性或理论性著作、政治和法律文件，以及正式的演讲或报告。
（2）特点多有三个以上的音节，多数源于希腊或拉丁文。
下面这段文章中包含一些体现正式文体的词汇：There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. The monolithic nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech. The latter is recognized in America to be the proper subject for the investigation of linguists who, however, now show some incipient inclination to investigate poetry, too, and other noncasual utterances in a given language.—C. F. Voegelin 正式的或学术性的词汇有：recognition, characteristically, elevated, monolithic,investigation, incipient, inclination, noncasual, utterances等。
汉英新闻翻译理论与实践
汉英新闻翻译理论与实践随着中国国力的增强和国际地位的提升，为了对外宣传的需要，越来越多的汉语新闻被翻译成英语。
在这个过程中，有成绩，也有不足。
本文通过系统分析新闻翻译，尤其是汉语新闻翻译的特点、原则，系统介绍了汉语新闻的标题、导语和正文的翻译方法和策略。
标签：汉语新闻特点和原则翻译策略随着我国经济的高速发展和社会的不断进步，我国在国际舞台上的地位空前提高，在许多重要国际场合都能看到中国元素，听到中国声音。
相对世界强国来说，我们的对外传播力度、强度、精准度都难以与之相比。
目前，中国面临的一个迫切需要解决的问题就是如何对外介绍自己。
[1]如果有一批新闻业务精通，英语应用娴熟，国际视野开阔的新闻写作者或翻译高手，我国的对外传播就能顺利开展，就能在很大程度上扭转我国目前在国际舞台上的被动局面，树立在国际上的形象。
一、对外传播及特点对外传播是通过中国人自主创办或与外国人合办的报纸、杂志、广播、电视等传播媒介，以境外人士为主要传播对象，以让世界了解中国为目的而进行的新闻传播活动。
对外新闻报道有以下3个特点[2]：1.有明确的针对性和目的性。
对象是能够阅读和听懂英语的外国人，其目的是让外国人熟悉和了解中国新闻事件，明白中国的观点，创造有利于中国的舆论环境，并帮助树立有利中国国际形象。
2.采用西方思维方式和写作方法。
根据他们的实际接受水平，以他们的语言和思维方式进行新闻创作。
3.传播效果应该以国家为主导。
树立有利于中国的国家形象，应以国家为主导，符合党和国家的内外政策。
二、新闻特点和翻译特征新闻具有时效性、显著性、重要性、地理相邻性、矛盾性、冲突性、独特性和人情味的特色，具备权威、精确、时事价值、即时性、简洁和特定框架格式的特点。
其中刘教授对“新闻翻译”做出如下定义：“新闻翻译就是运用目的语表达原语新闻，因此目的语读者不仅可以获得原语报道中的新闻信息，而且和原语读者拥有近乎相同的感受。
”[3]新闻翻译有4个特征：1.新闻报道强调高效性和集中性，翻译需要在限定时间内完成；2.新闻翻译文本应该体现新闻体，倒金字塔形，译文应保持原文的内容和写作风格；3.新闻翻译多采用全译、选译和编译的形式；4.新闻翻译要求译者在翻译过程中仔细谨慎，认真核对原语信息，及时完成校对工作。
英文新闻稿格式模板及范文
[Your Company/Institution Logo][Date]FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEContact Information:[Name][Title][Company/Institution][Phone Number][Email Address]Title:[Short, attention-grabbing headline]Subheading:[Additional details or context]Introduction:[One to two paragraphs summarizing the news, including the who, what, when, where, and why of the event or announcement.]Body:[This section should be structured into paragraphs, each addressing a different aspect of the news. Here's a suggested structure:]- Background Information: Provide context and history related to the news.- Key Details: Outline the main points, facts, or data associated with the event or announcement.- Quotes: Include statements from key individuals involved, such as company executives, experts, or participants.- Impact or Importance: Explain the significance of the news and its potential effects.- Next Steps: Mention any upcoming actions or developments that readers should be aware of.Conclusion:[Summarize the main points of the news release and reiterate the key message.]Additional Information:[Provide any additional relevant details, such as URLs, contact names, or additional quotes.]---News Release Sample[Your Company/Institution Logo][Date]FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEContact Information:Jane SmithMarketing ManagerTech Innovations Inc.(555) 123-4567******************************Title:Tech Innovations Announces Groundbreaking AI Software for Business AnalyticsSubheading:The new software is set to revolutionize data analysis and decision-making processes across industries.Introduction:Tech Innovations Inc., a leader in advanced technology solutions, is proud to announce the launch of its latest product, "IntelliAnalytics Pro," an innovative AI-driven software designed to streamline data analysis and improve decision-making for businesses of all sizes.Body:Background Information:In recent years, the demand for efficient and accurate data analysis tools has surged, as companies seek to leverage big data to gain a competitive edge. Tech Innovations has been at the forefront of this trend, developing cutting-edge technologies that empower businesses to make informed decisions.Key Details:IntelliAnalytics Pro utilizes state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms to process vast amounts of data, identifying patterns and insights that are often overlooked by traditional analysis methods. The software is user-friendly, allowing non-technical users to easily interpret complex data sets.Quotes:"IntelliAnalytics Pro is a game-changer for businesses looking to unlock the full potential of their data," said John Doe, CEO of Tech Innovations. "Our team has worked tirelessly to create a tool that is both powerful and accessible, helping companies to make data-driven decisions with confidence."Impact or Importance:The introduction of IntelliAnalytics Pro is expected to have a significant impact on various industries, including finance, healthcare, and retail. By providing actionable insights, the software aims toenhance operational efficiency, increase revenue, and improve customer satisfaction.Next Steps:Tech Innovations will be showcasing IntelliAnalytics Pro at the upcoming Tech Expo in New York City. For more information on how to schedule a demo or learn more about the software, please visit our website at .Conclusion:Tech Innovations is committed to driving innovation in technology and providing solutions that help businesses thrive. With the launch of IntelliAnalytics Pro, we are excited to offer a tool that will transform the way businesses approach data analysis and decision-making.Additional Information:For further details on IntelliAnalytics Pro, please contact Jane Smithat(555)****************************************.Formediainquiries, please reach out to our media relations team at*************************.---[End of News Release]。
英语写作手册中文版第三版
英语写作手册中文版第三版1、I have seldom seen my father（）pleased with my progress as he is now. [单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. veryC. tooD. rather2、Ships can carry more goods than _____ means of transport. [单选题] *A. the otherB. anotherC. any other(正确答案)D. any3、( ) My mother told me _____ in bed. [单选题] *A. not readB. not readingC. don’t readD. not to read(正确答案)4、He was born in Canada, but he has made China his _______. [单选题] *A. familyB. addressC. houseD. home(正确答案)5、Our school is beautiful. How about _______? [单选题] *A. theirs(正确答案)B. theirC. theyD. them6、The black coal there shows a sharp（）white snow. [单选题] *A. contract withB. content withC. contact toD. contrast to(正确答案)7、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long8、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn9、I think ______ time with my friends is fun for me.（）[单选题] *A. spendB. spendC. spending(正确答案)D. spent10、Her （）for writing was that she wished women to get the right to higher education. [单选题] *A. motivation(正确答案)B. motivateC. effectD. concentration11、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)12、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up13、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy14、The car _______ after forty minutes driving, so he didn’t have the interview on time. [单选题] *A. broke down(正确答案)B. broke inC. broke outD. broke up15、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)16、_____ of the land in this area _____ covered with forest. [单选题] *A. Two-fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is(正确答案)D. Two fifths; are17、4．—Let's fly a kite when you are ________ at the weekend.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．warmB．kindC．smallD．free(正确答案)18、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many19、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on20、_______ travelers come to visit our city every year. [单选题] *A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds of(正确答案)C. Five HundredsD. Five hundred?of21、8．—Will she have a picnic next week?—________. And she is ready. [单选题] * A．Yes, she doesB．No, she doesn'tC．Yes, she will(正确答案)D．No, she won't22、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take23、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)24、—Where ______ you ______ for your last winter holiday?—Paris. We had a great time. （）[单选题] *A. did; go(正确答案)B. do; goC. are; goingD. can; go25、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____? [单选题] *A. do youB. don’t youC. will you(正确答案)D. won’t you26、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)27、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre28、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than29、The people’s Republic of China _______ on October 1, 1 [单选题] *A. foundB. was founded(正确答案)C. is foundedD. was found30、The blue shirt looks _______ better on you than the red one. [单选题] *A. quiteB. moreC. much(正确答案)D. most。
新闻报道写作要求
新闻报道写作要求【篇一：新闻稿写作要求】新闻稿的格式有很多，而且都是在新闻事业的发展过程中不断摸索出来的，不同时期格式也不一样。
以下有几种新闻的格式:新闻的要素“五个w”和“一个h“五个w”：who(何人)、what（何事） when（何时）、where（何地） why（何故）“一个h”：how（如何）新闻的分类：消息、通讯、评论等标题：高度概括，抓人眼球结语：一般指消息的最后一句或一段话，是消息的结尾，它依内容的需要，可有可无写作要律：具有新闻价值、正确的格式、动人的标题。
简洁切要的内容、平易友善的叙述、高度可读性、篇幅以1至2页为宜（一页尤佳）。
写作技巧：清晰简洁、段落分明、使用短句、排版清爽。
切忌偏离事实、交代不清、内容空洞。
一篇好的新闻稿除了必须具有新闻价值、把握主诉求与正确的格式外，行文应力求简洁切要，叙述应有事实基础，文稿标题则以简要、突出、吸引人为原则，用字要避免冷僻艰深，以提高文稿的可读性。
倒金字塔一种是源于美国新闻界的“倒金字塔”式，这种格式由于迎合了受众的接受心理，于是得到了普遍的模仿，现在中国的很多都市报所使用的都是这种格式。
其次，在报道主体中按照事件各个要素的重要程度，依次递减写下来，最后面的是最不重要的。
同时注意，一个段落只写一个事件要素，不能一段到底。
因为这种格式不是符合事件发展的基本时间顺序，所以在写作时要尽量从受众的角度出发来构思，按受众对事件重要程度的认识来安排事件要素。
因而需要长期的实践经验和宏观的对于受众的认识。
新华体另一种是一个中外结合体——新华体。
我们国家的新闻报道一般是遵循时间顺序，但是这种“讲故事”的写法已经不适合受众的阅读习惯（一般人没有时间听你讲长篇大论），所以“新华体”在吸收中外新闻报道之长的情况下诞生了。
再次，按照事件发展的时间顺序把“故事”讲下来。
以上是比较常见的消息报道的格式。
标题对于新闻报道很重要，甚至都出现了一个标题就是一条报道的情况。
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A Practical Guide forInternational News Reporting in English and Chinese英语对外新闻报道、中文新闻写作指导手册本系列讲座以英文对外新闻报道的原则与规范为主要内容，辅之以中文新闻写作的艺术和技巧。
在座的同学虽然有的来自翻译社，有的来自文学社，但是作为英语专业的学生，英文、中文的新闻写作素养对大家来说都是必须要具备的基本素质。
不同的是大家的侧重点不同而已。
那么翻译社的同学侧重于英语新闻写作的学习，而文学社的同学则侧重于中文写作的学习。
尤其是其中一些外语系的同学，由于专业不是英语，更要锻炼自己的中文写作能力，并且在有能力的基础上再多了解一些英语新闻写作知识。
我们这个系列讲座或者说是培训，是一项长期的活动，以及长期的任务。
相信同学们也希望能有固定的上课时间以及实际锻炼的机会。
虽然这个不是正式的课程，也没有考试，但是我想，既然大家都加入到我们这个组织里来了，就是希望能够有所收获，因此，希望大家能够严格要求自己。
这个严格体现在如下几个方面：第一、时间观念每周上课时间为周六下午2：30—5：30 （课间休息20分钟）上课地点：4331培训教室第二、学习、工作态度严谨的学术精神一丝不苟的求学精神灵活的学习方法广采博取，多学多记，包括文学、语言学、哲学、社会学、心理学、史学、经济学、法学、自然科学以及宗教、艺术等各个门类的知识充实自己。
新闻记者要求知识面广博而精深，要成为一门或几门学问的专家，具有“多能一专”的知识结构。
如果信息量储存丰富，迸发灵感的机会肯定多。
如果没有生活信息、经验的积累，大脑仓库里空空如也，是无论如何也激发不了灵感来的。
第三、新闻工作者必备素质民国初年，《申报》记者黄远生谈到新闻记者应该具备的条件：“新闻记者须有四能一、脑筋能想；二、腿脚能奔走；三、耳能听；四、手能写。
调查研究，有种种素养，是谓能想，交游肆应，能深知各方面势力之所存，以时访接，是谓能走，闻一知十，闻此知彼，由显达隐，由旁得通，是谓能听，刻画叙述，不溢不漏，尊重彼此之人格，力守绅士之态度，是谓能写。
●广泛的社会活动能力⏹比如要求大家善于同群众交往，善于做群众工作，善于反映群众的呼声、愿望和要求，善于从群众中寻找新闻线索，搜集报道素材。
那么我们这里所说的群众就是指我们身边的同学们、老师们、朋友们等等，我们要善于发现校园里、校园外发生的与我们息息相关的事件，搜集大家都关心的报道素材。
⏹同时，也要善于同领导机关及领导同志打交道，做到举止适度，有礼有心。
既要注意尊重被采访的领导同志，虚心向他们请教，又要注意时时把握新闻采访的主动权。
●敏锐的观察力、鉴别力⏹新闻来自于事实，有事实才有新闻。
新闻记者必须对报道的新闻全部事实负责。
以事实为依据，实事求是，必须真实准确地反映事物本来面目。
⏹“快”是新闻的生命。
对身边发生的大事小事要多留一个心眼，反映要快，要能够以小见大，挖掘内涵。
●综合分析问题的能力/开阔而和敏捷的思维能力⏹善于动脑筋⏹善于挖掘新闻素材●纯熟的文字表达能力⏹英文⏹中文⏹理论学习+实际操作●良好的身体和环境适应能力⏹新闻工作是一项极其紧张、繁重、艰苦的工作。
哪里有新闻就往哪里跑，有时为了应对紧急情况和突发事件，新闻记者往往24小时都处在紧张待命的状态，第四、合作精神由于以后我们的《青锋》将改版为中英双语，因此就必然涉及到英文撰稿人和中文撰稿人要通力合作的问题。
我们现在还需要摸索出一套合作的模式，比如一对一的合作关系，还是组长负责制？这些制度都需要在实践中加以论证，看看哪一种是行之有效的。
第五、需要特别注意的问题---新闻的舆论导向问题江泽民曾经在全国宣传思想工作会议上讲过四句话：以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。
宣传思想工作部门和单位，要把最好的东西奉献给人民，用最好的东西去“武装人”、“引导人”、“塑造人”、“鼓舞人”。
我们的刊物《青锋》虽然是英语系学生自己的内部刊物，不对外发表，但是也是让同学们、老师们以及学院各位领导看的。
主要职责是报道学院以及系部的活动概况、学院的各项政策、同学们关心的大事小事。
其作用不仅仅是传达学院的相关政策和指示；同时也是同学们抒发情感、宣传自己精神文明的阵地。
它就像是一座桥梁，连接了同学们和学校，连接了老师和学生。
因此，我们所说所写的每句话、每一个字都要仔细斟酌，不仅要符合事实，更要注意自己的立场和角度。
我们不是代表自己个人，而是代表英语系，代表学院。
我们的责任是引导同学们在开放、民主的言论环境下看待世界，观察世界，学习、工作、交流、成长。
我们是大家的眼睛，是大家的心灵。
我们要让同学们不仅看到朗朗晴空，也要能够体会某些阴暗的灰色画面，但是这些都应该是站在一个良好的出发点和角度上。
第六、需要特别注意的问题---大学里新闻工作者的精神面貌我们来看看几篇文章，对比一下它们之间的区别：这些花儿窗外的雨时小时大，就像我时好时坏的心情。
街角淡淡的灯光映在雨幕里，雨水沙沙的滴落在玻璃窗上。
很希望雨一直下的很大很大，越大越好，淹没一切噪杂的声音，或许说是内心不安定的情绪。
在一个空荡的房间，放一段安静的音乐，泡一杯香浓的牛奶。
躲在一个静谧的地方，看着一个不安静的世界。
看窗外急匆匆的路人，撑着伞，滂沱的雨却从檐边滴落，浸湿纯白的衣服。
踮起脚，小心翼翼绕过一堆泥潭，驶来的车子却又溅湿了新洗的球鞋。
很多茫然无措只是来的太措手不及。
承诺那么多，勇敢可以取代依赖，也可以换来一句好聚好散。
原本是以为细水长流的日子能够带来时间的安宁，却发现新鲜感的生活才是真实的。
不知道如何形容现在的生活，可是很满足，喜欢这份安宁。
过于平静的时候也会幻想一些不平凡的生活。
想起了马德里，那个向往的地方。
想起了小王子，他会不会孤寂。
想起了西班牙的街道，高高的教堂。
想起了提拉米苏，和很正点Cappuccino。
想起了我爸，和那些早起踏青的早晨。
想起了我的朋友：在最长的一条水畔，和你一起点燃的篝火，荡漾着，跳跃着。
你的舞步，我的舞步。
在这个河边的每个日子。
在一弯心中的小溪边，一直点燃的篝火，瞒涌着，迷离着。
你的影子，我的影子。
因为有你的声音才真切。
想念我的家人和朋友，也很期待未来的生活。
或许大部分也都还是想象，或许现在还不够努力，但是，喜欢自己向往的生活，那些美丽在等待绽放……暖暖那段日子我疯狂的迷恋上了文字。
心里深埋的感伤仿若顷刻间呼之欲出，文字里的落寂、酸涩以及暗藏的温暖感动着。
对，是温暖！这个人们受伤后的急切之物，它像风，来去无踪；它像雨，滋润干涸的心田；它顽童，淘气却不乏可爱。
在郭敬明他们的文字里的那种隐约的向上的张力，可谓一种莫人的温暖。
我曾天地想过自己能亲手触摸到温暖，感知到温暖，可后来才知道，温暖并非如实物一般可触可嗅。
它的完美在于用无形之躯抚平人们的眉头。
我，依赖这样飘渺却又倍感真实的感觉，当现实让我们败退的时候，寒冷像驱不散的浓雾，无处不在，温暖则默默站在角落，静静等待我们重新振作后去确认它的存在。
我们需要时常去触摸温暖，在幸福或者不幸福的时候，在炎炎向日或是凛冽寒冬之际。
是温暖让我们的心澎湃了起来，是温暖让我们的目光远大了起来，是温暖让前方的路清晰了起来，触摸温暖，感知幸福；触摸温暖，感受光明；触摸温暖，万物复苏。
只要把心打开，把眼擦亮，温暖无处不在。
现在社会物质丰富，人们对精神方面的要求大有提高，以至于很多人因为在精神方面的要求无法再现实中满足而放弃生命。
他们绝望、寂寞，他们对现实无所适从，他们觉得人间温暖不复存在，于是毅然放弃了整个世界。
这个时候是至关重要的，倘若他们能感觉到人间温暖，又怎会过早的结束生命呢？人间多一点爱，社会就多一点温暖，世界将沉寂在温暖的还洋。
用一颗心的温度去熨平另一颗心的褶皱，生迷宫将更加精彩，我们要珍惜身边的每一次温暖，把握好没一次感动。
退却时，失望时，迷惘时，伸手感知身边那些温暖的语言、温暖的安慰、温暖的鼓动、温暖的目光，他们会给你勇气，给你前进的动力，让你在失败时振作，在退却时永往前进，这就是温暖的魅力。
人总是要向前看，温暖永远是前进的助推器。
我们要学会寻找温暖，感知温暖，铭记温暖，让温暖守护我们。
那些过往的冰寒，绝望，会在温暖的照射下悄然融化，就像天空永远都不可能是乌云的天堂，阳光总会冲破云层照耀大地。
温暖，无处不在，愿我们都是温暖的，永远幸福！存在的问题：文字奢华空洞文字矫揉造作没有中心主题没有内涵主旨第一讲中文新闻写作技巧句式选择应该与体裁和媒体的类别相一致。
新闻体裁是指新闻作品的表现形式。
从体裁和语言的联系看，不同的新闻体裁有不同的语言特色。
句式是语言特色的重要体现，句式的选择也应该与体裁相一致。
写消息与写通讯，对语言的要求是不尽相同的，对句式的选择也是各有侧重的。
写消息对新闻事实的报道要求快速简要，而写通讯对新闻事实的报道则要求真实、详细、形象。
消息用语中，主要使用陈述句、判断句，作快速、简要的报道，同时辅之以少量的描写句，可以增强消息的变化性和可读性。
而写通讯则侧重于选择描写句、动作句、感叹句等，以增强通讯的生动性与形象性和情感冲击力。
作品整句和散句并用，长句和短句交替，变式句、描写句结合，肯定句、感叹句融汇，可以增强文章的气势，读之激荡人心。
注意句子结构和遣词用语。
第一、句子不宜过长，一个句子只能有一个事实。
美联社的《写作手册》中要求，记者写作的新闻句子不要超过17个英文单词。
因为，阅读实验证明，人们阅读时，按照读者的平均文化水准，在两次眨眼之间，只可以阅读16-17个英文单词。
•正在我省珠海市举行的首届中国国际航天博览会以其来气世界各地400多家大公司的96架参展和飞行表演的各种飞机吸引了来自全世界的参观者和游客。
据行家说，首届中国航展在规模、参观者和管理等方面已能与世界上历史悠久的著名航展如英国范堡罗航展、巴黎航展和新加坡航展相媲美。
–---《广州日报》1996年11月10日以上是《军机大揭秘----首届珠海国际航展国产军用飞机巡礼》这篇特写的开头第一句话就有69个字，而且句子结构复杂，表达的意思不明确，违背了新闻写作中简单明了的原则。
而且内容的表述也值得商榷，如“据行家说”，这个“行家”是谁？，这里存在消息来源交代不清的问题。
另外，作者将中国首届珠海航展与历史悠久的世界三大航展相比较，不论在规模、参观者和管理方面都远远不及，这与事实不符。
第二、尽可能采用动宾结构的句子动宾结构简单明了，通俗易懂。
第三、提倡简洁明快的文风1974年，美联社颁发了关于文风的规定，主要内容有：说话要具体，不要抽象；说话直截了当，不要拐弯抹角；不要华而不实；要毫不留情的把没有实质内容、只是好听的词删除。
第四、多用肯定语态，少用否定语态一般来说，人们对肯定句的理解要比对否定句的理解更容易些。