英汉互译教程
英汉互译实用教程 (郭著章) 第二章 翻译过程及词义确定 本章内容
英汉互译实用教程（郭著章）第二章翻译过程及词义确定本章内容概述：翻译过程:1. 理解原文2. 译文表达3. 校核阶段翻译过程：理解原文⏹1. 理解语言现象a.词汇现象b.语法现象⏹2.理解逻辑关系⏹3.理解所涉及事物理解原文：理解语言现象译者必须上下有联系地理解原文的词汇含义、句法结构和惯用法等理解原文：理解语言现象a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义⏹Eg.1. Life is full of ups and downs.人生充满了欢乐与痛苦。
⏹He has seen the ups and downs in the history of ⏹the relations between the two countries.⏹他经历了两国关系史上的分分合合。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg. 2. The wedding ,which Heyward still remembered with pride ,was attended by a who's who of Boston Society.赫华德仍然记得，参加婚礼的人中有波士顿的一位社会名流，这使他感到十分得意。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义Eg.3. There was no lady about him. He was what the woman would call a manly man. That was why they like him.他这人没有一点女人气。
他是女人们称之为男子汉的那种人。
这正是他们喜欢他的原因所在。
a.词汇现象：根据上下文确定词义4. My handwriting was so bad that after taking dictation, I couldn’t translate it.辨识、辨认a.词汇现象：根据词性确定词义Eg.5. On his way home he bought some apples at a fruit stand.摊位他回家时，在路上的水果摊上买了些苹果。
实用英汉互译教程4 Basic Translation Skill Conversion
2. 介词转译成动词（prep.---v.）
英语中介词的使用频率相对于汉语来说要高得多 。实际上英语中很多介词在语境中可带有明显的 动作意味，例如“across, against, past, toward, through, with”等。因此在翻译的过程中为了汉语 表达的通顺流畅，可以根据具体情况将一些介词 转译为动词。
4. 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.） 英语中，副词常常用来修饰动词作状语，这样使 得副词具有了动作意味。所以，副词也可以转换 为汉语的动词来翻译。 We started home. 我们启程踏上归途。 The train will be in in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后会到达。
2. 介词转译成动词（prep.---v.）
“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah(凉台), and into the porch(门廊).
“来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径，跨 上台阶，house with the money. 他用那笔钱买了一栋房子。 Both the police and the murderer are after him. 警察和凶手都在找他。 He was finally on his feet again. 他终于又站了起来。 Are you for or against the proposal? 你赞成还是反对这项提案？
be flooded with people 战争前夕，这个火车站被逃难者所淹没。 Before the war, the train state was flooded with refugees. be all packed 体育馆被塞得满满当当。 The stadium was packed with so many people. The stadium is all packed.
《新编英汉互译教程》第三版 第一讲
About the Course
• Evaluation 30% ：presence+ in-class performance +presentation 70%: Final Test: sentence translation: E-C, C-E (50%from in/after class materials) passage translation :E-C , C-E
信达雅的典范
• Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. – Bacon , On Studies • 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也， 最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔 论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。-王佐 良译
Definition of Translation
• In China: 许渊冲：translation is an art only 刘重德: translation is both an art and a science
Principles for Translation
• What is a good translation ?
Principles for Translation
• Limitations of Yan Fu’s principle: Different texts have different styles, “elegance” cannot be the only criterion.
英汉互译教程(修订版)汇编
英汉互译教程（修订版）汇编1. 英汉互译概述翻译原则：翻译应遵循“信、达、雅”的原则，即忠实于原文、表达流畅、语言优美。
翻译技巧：包括直译、意译、增译、减译、转译等，译者应根据具体情况进行选择。
文化差异：翻译时要注意中英文化差异，避免出现文化误解。
2. 英汉互译常用技巧词义选择：根据上下文选择合适的词义，避免出现歧义。
句式转换：根据中英文的句式特点进行转换，使译文更加自然流畅。
语序调整：根据中英文的语序特点进行调整，使译文更加符合目标语言的表达习惯。
修辞手法：运用各种修辞手法，如比喻、拟人、夸张等，使译文更加生动形象。
3. 英汉互译常见问题词汇误用：由于词汇掌握不牢固，导致误用词汇，影响译文的准确性。
语法错误：由于语法知识掌握不牢固，导致语法错误，影响译文的流畅性。
文化误解：由于对中英文化差异了解不够，导致文化误解，影响译文的准确性。
4. 英汉互译学习资源翻译教材：如《英汉翻译教程》、《汉英翻译教程》等，系统讲解翻译理论和技巧。
翻译实践：通过翻译实践，提高翻译能力和技巧。
翻译工具：如词典、语法检查工具等，辅助翻译工作。
5. 英汉互译学习方法词汇积累：通过背单词、阅读等方式积累词汇，提高词汇量。
语法学习：通过学习语法知识，提高语法水平。
翻译实践：通过翻译实践，提高翻译能力和技巧。
文化学习：通过学习文化知识，提高跨文化交际能力。
6. 英汉互译职业发展翻译公司：加入翻译公司，从事专业翻译工作。
自由翻译：成为自由翻译，为各种客户提供翻译服务。
翻译教育：从事翻译教育工作，培养翻译人才。
7. 英汉互译行业动态翻译服务外包：越来越多的企业将翻译服务外包给专业的翻译公司，提高翻译效率和质量。
翻译人才培养：翻译人才培养逐渐受到重视，各种翻译培训机构和课程应运而生。
8. 英汉互译未来展望技术发展：随着技术的不断发展，翻译工具和平台将更加智能化、便捷化。
行业融合：翻译行业将与其他行业深度融合，如教育、旅游、电商等。
人才培养：翻译人才培养将更加注重实践能力和跨文化交际能力。
自考教材英汉互译教程
自考教材英汉互译教程
自考教材《英汉互译教程》是一本专门针对英语和汉语之间的翻译进行教学的教材。
该教材主要涵盖了翻译的基本理论和实践技巧，旨在帮助学生提高英汉互译的能力。
该教材的内容主要包括翻译的基本概念、翻译的标准和原则、翻译的方法和技巧、以及各类文本的翻译实践等。
通过学习该教材，学生可以了解英汉两种语言的差异和文化背景，掌握翻译的基本技巧和方法，提高英汉互译的准确性和流畅性。
此外，该教材还配有大量的练习和例句，帮助学生巩固所学知识和提高实际操作能力。
同时，该教材还注重培养学生的跨文化意识和跨文化交际能力，以适应全球化背景下对翻译人才的需求。
总之，《英汉互译教程》是一本实用的自考教材，对于想要提高英汉互译能力的学生来说是非常值得学习的。
英汉互译教程
英汉互译教程总复习1．Joint military e xe rcise s have increased in the region, to the detriment o f trust between countries.联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。
6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them.他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。
7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind.一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。
10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.他们拼着命地逃跑。
12．People were born survivors.人的生存能力是与生俱来的。
13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。
The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project.14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。
The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。
The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools.他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。
英汉互译教程
英汉互译教程英汉互译是最常见的翻译形式之一，也是英语学习者必须掌握的基本技能之一。
在翻译过程中，不仅要注意语言的精准性，还要注重语言的得体性和表达的清晰性。
下面就为大家介绍一些英汉互译的技巧和方法。
一、掌握基本词汇掌握基本词汇是英汉互译的基础。
这包括常用的名词、动词、形容词、副词等，并且需要考虑不同表达方法之间的差异。
例如，英语中表示“我知道”的方法有很多种，如I know、I understand、I see等，它们在不同场合和语境中的使用会有所差异。
因此，学习英汉互译时要特别注重基础词汇的学习和掌握。
二、注意词语搭配在英汉互译中，词语的搭配也是非常重要的。
通常情况下，一个单词并不能准确的表达出一个完整的含义，需要与其它关键词进行搭配才能更好地表达出所要表达的意思。
例如，英语中的“hot coffee”可以翻译成“热咖啡”，但是“cold coffee”却不能翻译成“冷咖啡”，而是要翻译成“冰咖啡”。
因此，在英汉互译中要特别注重词语之间的搭配。
三、把握语境在英汉互译中，在把握每个单词和词语的意思之外，还需要注意语境的分析。
语境是指上下文，它能够决定一个词语或句子的含义和表达方式。
例如，在英语中，句子“I’m fine”可以表示询问别人的状态，也可以表示回答别人的关心，所以在进行英汉互译时需要视情况而定。
四、语法分析英汉语法之间有很多的区别，因此在翻译过程中需要注意语法分析。
例如，英语中的主语和谓语是要一一对应的，而中文中主语和谓语的位置则可以灵活调整。
这就需要翻译者能够准确的理解英文句子的语法结构，才能够正确的翻译成中文。
五、了解文化背景在英汉互译中，还需要了解文化背景。
由于中英文化背景的差异，有些词语的含义在不同文化背景下可能会发生变化。
例如，英国人国家馆中会出现“cup of tea and biscuits”，而美国人则是“coffee and donuts”。
因此，在进行英汉互译时，需要了解词语的文化含义。
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】
郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》（第3版）课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。
注意翻译术语的适当运⽤，尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英，主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则)，即选词⽤字法，增译法，减译法，词类转移法，词序调整法，正说反译法、反说正译法，分译法和重译法。
2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”，就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。
3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤，第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准)；第⼆是为了强调，使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准)；第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象，引⼈⼈胜。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英汉互译教程总复习1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries.联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。
6． They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them.他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。
7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind.一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。
10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them.他们拼着命地逃跑。
12．People were born survivors.人的生存能力是与生俱来的。
13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。
The environment-friendly pr oject is a “popularity-winning” project.14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。
The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。
The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools.他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。
17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade.失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。
18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。
Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign.19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。
”The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!”21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs.你这是在班门弄斧。
22． His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.主人对他的冷淡使他更加不自在。
23． I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来。
24．他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形。
A little flattery would set him carried away.25. 一星期没洗澡，一身臭汗。
I am smelling of seven-day-old sweat.26. The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.不屑于干自己工作的人，终会有一天发现自己不配干那份工作。
28．Electrical charges of a similar kind repel each other and those that are dissimilar attract.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。
31. Peasants now sell vegetables at moving prices determined byt heir supply and their customer’s demand.现在农民出售蔬菜，价格都是随行就市。
32．汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。
The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history.33. At the end of her four months in the hospital, Mrs. Peng waspronounced incurably blind.太太住院治疗整整四个月，医生最后判定她是永久性失明，无法治愈。
34. Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?为什么总是把这些麻烦事都推给我呢？35．每逢假日的下午，我总要漫游周围的乡村。
My holiday afternoons were spent in ramble about the surrounding country.36. 仔细看信的地址是否写对了。
Care should be taken to see that the letter is properly addressed.37. Kongarov did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.康加罗夫三岁丧父，所以不记得他了。
39．Watching television, of course, is an evening ritual for people throughout the world.晚上看电视当然已成了人们的习惯，全球都如此。
40．Can he produce evidence in proof to challenge the fact?他能拿出证据来否认这一事实吗？41．他们的斗争是很得人心的。
Their struggle have the great support of the people.42. 好汉做事好汉当。
A true man has the courage to accept the consequence of his own actions.43. I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊奇。
44．University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。
45． The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，真令人特别神往。
46．没有原则的人最不可靠。
The man devoid of principle is the last to be trusted. 47. She had a heart so large that everybody’s griefs and joys found welcome in it.她心胸开阔，无论谁的悲伤与欢乐都容得下。
48．他这场病呀，准是洗冷水澡洗出来的。
His illness this time was caused by a cold bath.49. John was a fool of danger.约翰是天不怕地不怕的。
50．It was all I could do not to laugh.我差点笑出来。
52．He didn’t take the job because it was a blind-alley.那工作搞不出名堂，他没干。
53．Before the year was out, her memory began to fail.那一年还没到头，她的记忆力就开始衰退了。
54．Reaction to his taunts will only encourage him.别理睬他恶言寻衅，越理他越来劲儿。
55．His words are worth taking with a grain of salt.他的话不能全信，应该打些折扣。
57．Magnesium and its alloys are quite late arrivals for engineers to use.镁及其合金是工程师们使用的新型工程材料。
58．From life to death is a man’s reach.人生历程就是从生到死。
59．I don’t think we have asked for anything that they haven’t done.我认为我们要求的事情，他们都一一办到了。
60．Mother, I told him in no uncertain terms that I wouldn’t marry him.母亲，我很坚决地告诉他了，我不愿意嫁给他。
61．There had been a meeting of minds.大家取得了一致的看法。
62．News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field near the sea.无线电传来了近海发现丰富油田的消息。
63．Our son must go to school. He must break out of the pot that holds us in.我们的儿子一定得上学，一定要替家里人争口气。
64．These men are taking from me in ten minutes what it takes a week to make.这些人用十分钟从我手里夺走的东西，我得花一星期才能弥补。
65．She makes a good teacher, as she has a good student.她原先是个好学生，现在是个好老师。
68．Further delay would cause us greater losses.我们如果再耽搁，将会蒙受更大的损失。
69．The year 1871 witnessed the heroic uprising of the Paris Commune.1871年爆发了英勇的巴黎公社起义。