非谓语动词难点透视不定式
高考英语非谓语动词考点透视
学习导航
非谓语动词是英语中的重点语法项目之一，它涉及词法，句法，时态， 语态和各种习惯用法，易混点比较多，在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 所以学习非谓语动词时应理清非谓语动词在句中所作的成分及它们之 间的区别。特别应注意以下几点：
１.非谓语动词主动形式和被动形式的运用。 ２.非谓语动词的一般式，进行式，完成式 的用法区别。 ３.非谓语动词的逻辑主语的运用情况。 ４.非谓语动词的习惯用法。 ５.独立主格结构的构成和基本用法。
Parents want their children to develop fully.
(5)作定语 He is always the first to arrive. (6)作状语 In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows. [跟踪练习２] 1.I make it a rule _____ (do) morning exercises every day. 2.The purpose of the meeting is _______(elect) a new captain. 3. I’m going to the supermarket. Have you got anything _________? A. bought B. to be bought C. to buy D. being bought 4. Which do you enjoy _______ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home?
(2)不带符号to 的不定式 ①在感官动词(see, hear, watch, find, observe, notice, feel等)和使役动词(make, let, have )后 作宾语补足语的不定式通常省略to。 The joke made the children laugh. ②当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时，作 表语的不定式可省略to。 All you need to do is (to )press the button. ③动词help之后的不定式作宾语补足语时，to 有时可省略。 Your perfect spoken English can help to find a good job.
非谓语动词中的动词不定式
非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的特点，还可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
以下是我细心整理的非谓语动词中的动词不定式，欢送大家共享。
动词不定式的形式为(to)+do/be done，其中to有时要省略。
通常所说的“动词原形”其实质就是不带to的不定式形式。
不定式具知名词、形容词和副词的性质。
它的否认形式为not+(to)do/be done。
一、不定式的时态性不定式从时态角度讲，具体形式分为一般式、进展式和完成式，是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的比较确定的。
具体状况如下：1、一般式不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆打算要考研。
2、进展式不定式的进展式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。
【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。
3、完成式不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。
【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept intouch for many years.汤姆很兴奋能遇上他多年未联系的伴侣。
二、不定式的句子成分属性不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。
1、作主语【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不行能的。
2、作表语【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的'任务是负责”得意”。
3、作宾语1〕假设谓语动词为find,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agr ee,promise,prefer时，不定式〔宾语〕后面存在宾语补足语成分，要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语〔不定式〕后置于句尾，放在宾语补足语后面。
英语语法知识难点---非谓语动词之不定式
英语语法知识难点---非谓语动词之不定式前言：不定式是什么？为什么会有不定式？不定式的英文称谓是infinitive，意思是“无限的”、“无穷的”、“极大地”等。
在维基百科中的释义是：Infinitive is a grammatical term used to refer to certain verb forms that exist in many languages.这是个源于拉丁语的词汇。
不定式之所以被称为不定式，是因为不定式的动词是很少受限定的，或者说不定式是不受词形变化的影响。
既然有了“不限定的”表达形式，肯定有相对应的“限定的”表达形式，那我们就叫它“动词限定式”表达吧，可是英语中没有这样的表达啊。
其实，英语的“限定式”表达就是那些有固定态势的时态、语态、人称、单复数和主谓一致等语法信息。
既然是不定式，就意味着其变化多端、身份特殊啊，可以担任除谓语动词外的所有成分，也就是说，作为动词的一种表达形式，它只说明的是动作本身而已，不含有动作发生的时态，即其本身无时态变化。
但是它却有几个能表达动作先后顺序的型态。
如下图所示：英语时态与语态对比表一，不定式的语法结构英语语法中的不定式，有带to的和不带to的两种形式。
其表示的是一种动作或状态，所以，就有一般式、进行时和完成时三种时态及主动态和被动态两种语态形式。
不定式的否定形式，则是在其前面加上表示否定意义的not。
二，不定式的时态与语态英语时态与语态对比表不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作无时间上的先后顺序；不定时的完成式表示的动作一般发生在谓语动词前，强调动作的先后顺序；不定式的进行时表示的动作一般与谓语动词同时进行。
例句：I hope to finish reading the noval today. 我希望今天读完这本小说。
You seem to have travelled many times. 你好像旅行过很多次了。
非谓语动词教案
非谓语动词一、教学目标与重、难点分析：教学目标：英语动词的基本认识掌握非谓语动词的几种基本形式重、难点：不同形式例如——ing和不定式的区别掌握难度大，而且高考常常出现，还易出错二、授课内容：课题：非谓语动词◆◆【知识梳理】非谓语动词（一）——分词【基本概念】1.对英语动词的基本认识英语中动词的语法作用同汉语区别很大。
动词除了在句子中充当谓语之外，还常以非谓语的形式充当其他的句子成分。
按照动词是否充当谓语，我们可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。
非谓语动词是指不充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词，凡是用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化，以区别于谓语动词。
2.分词的语法作用分词分现在分词和过去分词两类，具有形容词和副词的语法功能，在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
例1：The news that the Chinese team won the gold medal was very encouraging.句中的现在分词encouraging充当句子的表语。
例2：The people performing all play different instrument.Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death.现在分词performing作后置定语，修饰the people; 过去分词polluted作定语修饰rivers and lakes。
例3：So he left France, preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him, and went to live in English.现在分词短语preferring to give up the fortune that would one day come to him 作状语，表示he left France and went to live in England 的原因。
非谓语动词作定语考点解析
非谓语动词作定语考点解析一、不定式作定语1．不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。
例：The play to be produced next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.下个月将上演的这部戏剧主要目的是反映当地文化。
注意：不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
例：Suddenly a good idea occurred to her, but she couldn’t find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
2.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
例：He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
3．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。
常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
例：And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
注意：不定式作定语时，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
例：Have you got anything to buy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought?我想去北京。
语法填空非谓语动词不定式
第二部分知识透析1．概述动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。
它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时，主动式和被动式。
同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
2.动词不定式的构成动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
主动形式被动形式否定式一般式to do to be done not to do/ not to bedone进行式to be doing not to be doing完成式to have done to have been done not to have (been)done完成进行式to have beennot to have been doingdoing2.1不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。
（同时发生）To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
（赶火车发生在到站之后）2.2不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
有时表示即将发生的动作The old man seems to be dying.2.3不定式的完成式2.3.1不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
非谓语动词重难点详解(附练习)
非谓语动词重难点详解（附练习）非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：1. 不定式①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式：doing （表示主动）②被动式：being done（表示被动）③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高考非谓语动词考点难点归纳与突破
第一节 不定式常考必记要点归纳
1. 下列动词或动词短语后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay, expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to, would like to 等。
2. 不定式常用的句型 ：too…to do （太……而不 能）, …enough to do…（够……就能……）, so as to do/in order to do（为了……）， so…as to do/such…as to do（如此……结果……）。在这些 常用句型中，注意so as to /in order to，前一个不 能用于句首，而in order to既可放在句首，也可放在 句尾。so…as to与such…as to的区别是：so后一般 接形容词或副词、可数名词单数（so + adj.+ a/ an + n.）。“such”后一般接可数名词复数、不可数名 词和可数名词单数形式（such + a/an + adj. + n.）。
做……
go on to do/go on doing
接着做另一件事/ 接
着做未做完的同一事
like to do/like doing
喜欢做……（非经常性）/
喜欢做（指习惯，爱好）.
feel like doing/would like to do 想做……/（要
做……）
set about doing/set out to do 开始做……
第二节 动名词常考必记要点归纳
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作宾语
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
五、做宾语
Tom pretended _______ it, but in fact, he knew it very well. A. not listen to B. not to hear about C. not to have heard about D. not to listen
六、 构成复合谓语
作表语
1. 我的工作是教英语。
My job is to teach English.
2. 眼见为实。
To see is to believe.
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything to say?
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人
Betty was the first to know the truth
1.They are said to be building another bridge across the river. 2.They seem to be getting along quite well. 3.I happened to be going that way too. 4.We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 5.He pretended to be listening attentively. 6.I am glad to be working with you. (状语) 7.It’s nice of you to be thinking of us. (主语)
To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语
动 词 不 定 式
I want to see you this evening.
宾语
All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语
We found a house to live in. 定语
作宾补
1. 她叫我呆在这儿。
She asked me to stay there. 2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。
Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.
高考进行时
------动词不定式考点
一、 做表语
I think the best thing you should do is _________ another job. A. looking for B. looked for C. look for D. to look for
3. Every student in our class had an application form in his/her hand, but no one knew which office ________. A. to send it to B. sent C. sending to D. sent to which和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的定语从 句，例如： She must have time in which to grow calm. She has some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. He only had long nights in which to study.
4.You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert. (=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.) 5.I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. (=I’m sorry I have given you so much trouble.) 6.She was very glad to have done something for the people. 7.He pretended not to have seen me.
二、做定语
1. I’m going to the supermarket. Have you got anything _________? A. bought B. to be bought C. to buy D. being bought 2. – Why do you look sad? -- There are so many problems ________ . A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C.remaining to be settled D.remained to be settled 不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后
一.结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 进行式
完成式
to do to be doing
to be done
----------
完成进行式
to have been to have done done to have been ---------doing
5.The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 6.Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office? 7.She was too young to be assigned such work.
She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 状语
宾补
作主语
1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
Let’s translate
1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。
To love and to be loved are both great happiness. _______________
2中国人民决不会征服。 The Chinese people refuse _________________ to give in/ be conquered 3据说他已经完成了他的工作。
5.He is said to have declared that Voltaire was his God. 6.He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 7.Miss White is supposed to be going with me.
如果主要谓语所表示的动作（或情况）发生时，不定式所表示 的动作正在进行，这时，不定式就要用进行式。 不定式的进行式
三、做状语
1.Australians have to prevent dingoes ______ their sheep and cattle. A. from protecting B. to protect C. protecting D. to protecting 2. Which do you enjoy _______ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home? A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend • 不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、 副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
非谓语动词难点透视 ——动词不定式
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语 构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、 状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定 式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格” 构成。
1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbed C. to have been robbed D. robbed 2. He is known to be honest. 3. She was told to stay at home. 4.He was known to have taken money from Germans.
不定式的完成式
1.He is said to have written a new book about workers. (It is said that he has written a new book about workers.) 2. The enemy was reported to have surrendered. (It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.) 3. She seemed to have heard about it already. (It seemed that she had already heard about it.)