中级宏观经济学作业四
中级宏观经济学试题-chapter 4
4.a. Chapter 4 suggests that the key to long-term economic growth is investment in human and physical capital with particular emphasis on research and development.
effects of capital investment. In other words, more investment not only leads to a higher and more
efficient capital stock but also to new ideas and new ways of doing things which can easily be copied
Solutions to the Problems in the Textbook
Conceptual Problems
1. Endogenous or self-sustained growth supposedly can be achieved by policies designed to affect the proportion of GDP that goes towards investment. The neoclassical growth model of Chapter 3 predicted that the long-term growth rate is determined only by population growth and technological progress and that changes in the savings rate have only transitory effects. The endogenous growth model, however, predicts that countries with a higher savings rate can achieve higher long-term growth and that a nation's government can affect the long-term growth rate by implementing policies that affect the savings rate.
中级宏观经济学习题
宏观经济学习题集第一章正名本章重点：1)经济学的规范性和实证性定义的内涵与外延。
2)凯恩斯主义（及新凯恩斯主义）与古典（及新古典）经济学的区别与联系。
本章难点：1)微观经济学均衡与宏观经济学均衡的区别及简单的动态经济学基础。
2)经济体制和经济人行为的相互关系。
一、判断题1.“经济学研究如何有效配置稀缺资源”这种定义将经济学纳入规范科学领域。
2.“宏观经济学是研究宏观经济变量是如何决定的。
”这种定义是将宏观经济学作为一门实证科学。
3.在新古典学派看来资本主义市场经济是不完全竞争型市场经济。
4.由于凯恩斯的宏观经济政策在面对20世纪30年代西方资本主义社会经济危机时表现出的无能，使得人们开始对传统的凯恩斯理论重新进行审视。
5.在宏观经济学研究中，当经济处于均衡时，供给等于需求。
6.因为企业所有制（产权制度）制约企业制度的设计，所以一种企业所有制，只能对应一种企业制度。
7.在任何经济环境下，宏观经济变量的决定必然是经济人行为的综合结果。
8.在动态系统中，如果存在不动点，那么其只能收敛于一点，即只有一个不动点。
二、选择题1.经济学中的规范含义是什么A. 是指经济学的研究要符合规范要求、不能随心所意B. 是指经济学研究的目的在于解释经济现象，回答为什么等客观性问题C. 是指经济学的研究目的在于回答“好与不好”等价值判断的问题D. 是指经济学研究能够对各种经济现象给出规范性的解释2.经济学中的实证含义是什么？A. 实证顾名思义就是指经济学的理论要能够指导实践B. 实际上实证的前提是要符合规范的要求C. 经济学研究的目的在于能够回答“应不应该”或“好还是坏”等问题，并能得到来自实践的支持，就是实证D. 通俗地讲，就是回答经济现象是什么？为什么？3.经济学的规范和实证的关系正确理解是A. 规范和实证是彼此对立的，因而经济学要么是规范的，要么就是实证的B. 因为经济学是社会学科，因而本质上经济学始终是规范的C. 规范以实证为基础，实证以规范为目的，因为经济学的目的是造福于人类D. 两者就是一回事，不过是一枚硬币的两面4.以下那个判断属于实证经济学？A. 通货膨胀率下降了B. 失业率太高了C. 经理人的工资不应该太高D. 降低失业率比抑制通货膨胀率更重要5.下列哪种表述属于实证表述A. 政府应该降低税收刺激经济以防经济恶化B. 减少货币供给将降低通货膨胀率C. 央行应该降低货币供给D. 社会应该要求福利领取者去找工作6.以下各项中不属于宏观经济学中探讨的经济变量是：A、就业率B、国民生产总值C、通货膨胀率D、企业产量7.下列题目那些是宏观经济学研究的内容A. 家庭把多少收入用于娱乐消费的决策B. 政府管制对汽车废气的影响C. 高国民储蓄对经济增长的影响D. 企业关于雇佣多少工人的决策8.下列对市场经济的描述中不属于凯恩斯学派观点的是：A、信息传递不对称B、未来不能合理预期C、完全竞争市场D、价格调整具有粘性9.在新古典经济学看来，资本主义市场经济是：A. 不完全竞争的B. 信息是不完全的，具有非对称性C. 预期具有不确定性D. 具有充分弹性，能够有效地进行自我调整，因而政府的干预是不必要的10.经济学中的理性人是指什么？A. 是指经济主体都是自私自利之徒B. 是指经济主体在做经济决策时，都充满理性、计算得失以求自身利益最大化C. 一个利他主义者，绝对不会是一个理性人D. 理性人是经济学中最不现实的假设，它将经济学研究带入了歧途，老早就应该抛弃11.一个国家的经济体制可以靠什么来区分A. 社会的福利水平B. 是不是拥有私人财产C. 社会经济资源的分配和调节机制，基本的企业制度D. 看什么样的政党在执政9.有什么样的经济运行机制，就会有什么样的企业制度你认为正确否A. 客观讲，经济运行机制和企业制度之间并不是一个严格的一一对应关系，同时它们之间又确实存在着相互适应的问题B. 不正确，因为经济运行机制与企业制度之间并不存在彼此决定的关系C. 应该是企业制度决定经济运行机制D. 这个问题太复杂，根本就说不清10.尽管经济体制制约着经济人（个人、企业、政府等）的行为，经济人仍有某些共性比如：A. 企业按照市场价格决定产量B. 政府追求低失业率低通货膨胀C. 追求自身利益最大化D. 企业追求市场份额和稳定增长11.下面关于经济体制的描述中哪个是错误的：A. 经济体制是影响经济环境最重要的因素之一B. 经济体制包括经济运行机制和企业制度C. 经济体制是经济资源的调节和分配机制D. 构成经济体制的两大基本要素必须相互适应12.下列描述中哪个是错误的：A. 新古典学派和凯恩斯学派在经济学研究的某一阶段被当时在学术界占统治地位的经济学家们结合起来，组成新古典综合派中微观经济学和宏观经济学两大体系。
chap4中级宏观经济学答案 华中科技大学
Microeconomics, 4e (Perloff)Chapter 4 Consumer Choice4.1 Preferences1) An indifference curve represents bundles of goods that a consumerA) views as equally desirable.B) ranks from most preferred to least preferred.C) refers to any other bundle of goods.D) All of the above.Answer: ATopic: Preferences2) The assumption of completeness means thatA) the consumer can rank all possible consumption bundles.B) more of a good is always better.C) the consumers can rank all affordable consumption bundles.D) all preferences conditions are met.Answer: ATopic: Preferences3) If a consumer prefers Apples to Bananas and prefers Bananas to Citrus Fruit, in order to satisfy assumptions about preferences she has to preferA) Bananas to Apples.B) Citrus Fruit to Bananas.C) Apples to Citrus Fruit.D) Citrus Fruit to Apples.Answer: CTopic: Preferences4) The principle that "More is better" results in indifference curvesA) sloping down.B) not intersecting.C) reflecting greater preferences the further they are from the origin.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Preferences5) There is an indifference curve through every bundle because of the assumption ofA) transitivity.B) completeness.C) rationality.D) nonsatiation.Answer: BTopic: Preferences6) Indifference curves are downward sloping because of the assumption ofA) completeness.B) transitivity.C) more is better.D) All of the above.Answer: CTopic: Preferences7) If two indifference curves were to intersect at a point, this would violate the assumption ofA) transitivity.B) completeness.C) Both A and B above.D) None of the above.Answer: ATopic: Preferences8) Indifference curves that are thick violateA) the assumption of transitivity.B) the assumption that more is better.C) the assumption of completeness.D) none of the assumptions.Answer: BTopic: Preferences9) A consumer's willingness to trade one good for another can be expressed by the consumer'sA) indifference curve.B) marginal rate of substitution.C) Both A and B above.D) None of the above.Answer: CTopic: Preferences10) Convexity of indifference curves implies that consumers are willing toA) give up more "y" to get an extra "x" the more "x" they have.B) give up more "y" to get an extra "x" the less "x" they have.C) settle for less of both "x" and "y".D) acquire more "x" only if they do not have to give up any "y".Answer: BTopic: Preferences11) Measuring "y" on the vertical axis and "x" on the horizontal axis, convexity of indifference curves implies that the MRS of "y" for "x"A) is decreasing as "x" increases.B) is increasing as "x" increases.C) is constant as "x" increases.D) cannot be calculated for large levels of "x".Answer: ATopic: Preferences12) Diminishing marginal rate of substitution can be seen when indifference curvesA) cross.B) are convex.C) are downward sloping.D) become flatter as we move down and to the right.Answer: DTopic: Preferences13) For which of the following pairs of goods would most people likely have convex indifference curves?A) nickels and dimesB) left shoes and right shoesC) movie tickets and concert ticketsD) None of the above.Answer: CTopic: Preferences14) If two goods are perfect substitutes, then the indifference curves for those two goods would beA) upward sloping and concave to the origin.B) downward sloping and convex to the origin.C) downward sloping and straight.D) L-shaped.Answer: CTopic: Preferences15) The indifference curves for left shoes and right shoes would most likely beA) upward sloping and concave to the origin.B) downward sloping and convex to the origin.C) downward sloping and straight lines.D) L-shaped.Answer: DTopic: PreferencesFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.16) Indifference curves cannot intersect.Answer:True. As seen in the above figure, points a and c are on the same indifference curve and are therefore equally preferred. Points b and c are also on the same indifference curve and are therefore equally preferred. Transitivity implies that the consumer would be indifferent between a and b; however, since more is preferred to less, a is preferred to b. Thus, as a result of the assumption of transitivity and the assumption that more is preferred to less, indifference curves cannot intersect.Topic: Preferences17) Indifference curves cannot ever be concave for two goods.Answer: False. While indifference curves are typically convex, they can be concave. This means, however, that the MRS of y for x increases as x increases. That is, the consumer places greater value on the next x the more x she has. The interpretation is that a consumer with concave indifference curves prefers to specialize in either x or y but not have a mix of both.Topic: Preferences18) Indifference curves for perfect substitutes must be parallel lines with a slope of negative one. Answer: False. Indifference curves for perfect substitutes are parallel lines, but the slope is not necessarily negative one.Topic: Preferences19) Indifference curves on the same indifference map can have different shapes.Answer: True. Indifference curves can meet all the necessary requirements and still have different shapes. Topic: Preferences20) Lisa views pizzas and burritos as goods. If she prefers a bundle of 4 burritos and 4 pizzas to a bundle of 4 burritos and 5 pizzas, which property of consumer preference is violated? What change in the assumptions could lead a rational consumer to prefer the first bundle?Answer: The property of more-is-better is violated. However, if pizza is a bad, then a rational consumer would prefer the first bundle.Topic: Preferences21) Explain why most indifference curves are convex.Answer: Diminishing marginal rates of substitution make most indifference curves convex. When people have a lot of one good, they are willing to give up a relatively larger amount of it to get a good of which they have relatively little.Topic: Preferences22) Draw the indifference curves for rock concerts and food for each of the following:(a) a typical 17-year-old(b) a typical 75-year-oldAnswer:See the above figure. These graphs assume that a typical 17-year-old would enjoy both food and rock concerts. The 75-year-old might find the rock concerts neutral or even bad.Topic: Preferences23) Draw the indifference curves for nickels and dimes. Would they ever have a non-constant slope? Explain.Answer:See the above figure. Two nickels are worth 1 dime. Yet, for extremely large amounts of money, people might prefer dimes to nickels for carrying purposes. That is why people often pay with exact change or don't like to break a twenty.Topic: Preferences4.3 Budget Constraint1) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2 per unit, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following represents his budget constraint?A) 500 = 2F + 100SB) F = 250 - 50SC) S = 5 - .02FD) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint2) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2 per unit, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following represents his marginal rate of transformation of food for shelter?A) -5B) -50C) -.02D) None of the above.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint3) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2 per unit, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following represents his budget constraint?A) 500 = 100F + 2SB) 500 = 2F + 100SC) S = 500 - 2FD) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint4) Joe's budget constraint equals 500 = 2F + 100S, where $500 is Joe's income, $2 is the price of food (F) and $100 is the price of shelter (S). How much food can Joe buy if he buys one unit of shelter?A) 2 unitsB) 200 unitsC) 250 unitsD) 400 unitsAnswer: BTopic: Budget Constraint5) Joe's income is $500, the price of food (F) is $2, and the price of shelter (S) is $100. Which of the following bundles is in Joe's opportunity set?A) 50 units of food, 5 units of shelterB) 200 units of food, 2 units of shelterC) 100 units of food, 1 unit of shelterD) 150 units of food, 3 units of shelterAnswer: CTopic: Budget Constraint6) The marginal rate of transformation of y for x representsA) the slope of the budget constraint.B) the rate at which the consumer must give up y to get one more x.C) - ⌧/⍓.D) All of the above.Answer: D Topic: Budget Constraint7) The marginal rate of transformation of y for x representsA) the slope of the budget constraint.B) the rate at which the consumer must give up x to get one more y.C) -P y/ P x.D) All of the above.Answer: ATopic: Budget Constraint8) The rate at which a consumer must give up y to get one more x is equal toA) – P x / P y.B) - P y / P x.C) – MU x / MU y.D) MU y / MU x.Answer: ATopic: Budget Constraint9) Betty consumes good x and good y. If the price of x = $3 and the price of y = $4, thenA) an extra unit of x costs 4/3 units of y.B) an extra unit of y costs 4/3 units of x.C) an extra unit of x costs 3/4 units of y.D) Both B and C.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint10) If the price of one good increases while the price of the other good and the consumer's income remain unchanged, what will happen to the budget line?A) The budget line rotates inward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.B) The budget line rotates outward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.C) The budget line shifts inward without a change in slope.D) The budget line shifts outward without a change in slope.Answer: ATopic: Budget Constraint11) Lisa eats both pizzas and burritos. If the price of a pizza increases, Lisa's opportunity setA) becomes larger.B) becomes smaller.C) is unchanged.D) cannot be determined without more information.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint12) If the consumer's income increases while the prices of both goods remain unchanged, what will happen to the budget line?A) The budget line rotates inward from the intercept on the horizontal axis.B) The budget line rotates outward from the intercept on the vertical axis.C) The budget line shifts inward without a change in slope.D) The budget line shifts outward without a change in slope.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint13) If the prices of both goods and income increase by the same percentage, what will happen to the budget line?A) The budget line rotates inward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.B) The budget line rotates outward from the intercept on the axis of the good that did not change in price.C) The budget line shifts outward without a change in slope.D) Nothing.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint14) A consumer buys food (F) and shelter (S). If the consumer's income rises and there is no change in the prices of F or S, the marginal rate of transformation of F for S willA) increase.B) decrease.C) stay the same.D) change, but there is not enough information to know how.Answer: CTopic: Budget Constraint15) If both prices increases by 50%A) budget constraint will be unchanged.B) slope of the budget constraint stay the same.C) slope of the budget constraint will decrease.D) budget constraint will shift outward in a parallel fashion.Answer: BTopic: Budget Constraint16) If both prices decreases by 50%A) budget constraint will be unchanged.B) slope of the budget constraint will increase.C) slope of the budget constraint will decrease.D) budget constraint will shift outward in a parallel fashion.Answer: DTopic: Budget Constraint17) If a consumer's budget line for food (F) and shelter (S) is represented as F = 250 - 5S, we know thatA) the consumer's income is 250.B) the price of shelter is 5.C) the price of shelter is 5 times the price of food.D) All of the above.Answer: CTopic: Budget ConstraintFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.18) The slope of the budget line represents the rate at which the consumer is willing to trade one good for another at any given bundle.Answer: False. This describes the slope of the indifference curve. The slope of the budget line represents the rate at which the consumer must trade one good for another at any given bundle.Topic: Budget Constraint19) Joe subscribes to an Internet provider that charges $2 per hour. Draw his budget line for Internet access on the horizontal axis and money spent on all other goods on the vertical axis assuming he has $100 per month to spend. Another company offers unlimited Internet access for a flat monthly fee of $20. Draw this budget line.Answer:See the above figure.Topic: Budget Constraint20) Lisa has an income of $100. She spends all of her income on pizza and burritos. A pizza costs $10 and a burrito costs $5. However, the store where Lisa buys her burritos has a special deal. After you've bought 6 burritos, then you can buy each burrito for $2.50. Draw Lisa's opportunity set.Answer:See the above figure.Topic: Budget Constraint21) Explain the difference between the marginal rate of substitution and the marginal rate of transformation. Answer: The marginal rate of substitution is a consumer's willingness to trade one good for another based on utility. The marginal rate of transformation is the consumer's ability to trade one good for another based on prices.Topic: Budget Constraint4.4 Constrained Consumer Choice1) Economists assume consumers select a bundle of goods that maximizes their well-being subject toA) their budget constraint.B) their income.C) relative prices.D) their marginal rate of substitution.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice2) An optimum that occurs as a corner solutionA) includes only one good.B) cannot be an equilibrium.C) cannot exhaust the budget constraint.D) includes the exact same amounts of each good.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice3) The consumer is in equilibrium whenA) MRT = MRS.B) P x / P y = MUx y / MU y.C) the budget line is tangent to the indifference curve at the bundle chosen.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice4) By selecting a bundle where MRS = MRT, the consumer isA) achieving a corner solution.B) reaching the highest possible indifference curve she can afford.C) not behaving in an optimal way.D) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice5) By selecting a bundle where MRS = MRT, the consumer is sayingA) "I value my last unit of each good equally."B) "I am willing to trade one good for the other at the same rate that I am required to do so."C) "I will equate the amounts spent on all goods consumed."D) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice6) Assume the price of beer is $4, the price of pizza is $10 and the consumer's income is $250. Which consumption bundle will NOT be the consumers choice?A) A(5 Beer, 5 Pizza)B) B(0 Beer, 25 Pizza)C) C(25 Beer, 15 Pizza)D) None of the bundle will be chosen.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice7) With respect to consuming food and shelter, two consumers face the same prices and both claim to be in equilibrium. We therefore know thatA) they both have the same marginal utility for food.B) they both have the same marginal utility for shelter.C) they both have the same MRS of food for shelter.D) All of the above.Answer: CTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice8) Johnny has allocated $30 toward coffee and tea and feels that coffee and tea are perfect substitutes. Due to differences in caffeine levels, his MRS of tea for coffee equals 2. If coffee and tea sell for the same price, Johnny willA) spend all $30 on tea.B) spend all $30 on coffee.C) spend $20 on coffee and $10 on tea.D) be indifferent between any bundle of coffee and tea costing $30.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice9) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. Which bundle will Max choose?A) aB) bC) cD) dAnswer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choiceshown in the above figure. What is the price of chicken?A) $0.80/lbB) $1.25/lbC) $4/lbD) $5/lbAnswer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice11) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. If the price of burger increases,A) Max will buy less burger and more chicken.B) Max will buy less burger and the same quantity of chicken.C) Max will buy less of both meats.D) More information is needed to answer the question.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice12) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. What happens if Max's mother gives him 10 pounds of burger?A) Max would have preferred receiving the dollar value of the burger.B) Max is indifferent between this gift and the dollar value of the burger.C) Max prefers this gift to the dollar value of the burger.D) None of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice13) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. What happens if Max's mother gives him 30 pounds of burger?A) Max would have preferred receiving the dollar value of the burger.B) Max is indifferent between this gift and the dollar value of the burger.C) Max prefers this gift to the dollar value of the burger.D) None of the above.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice14) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. What happens if Max receives a $100 cash grant to buy either meat or chicken?A) Max will double his consumption of both meats.B) Max will spend it all on burger. Because of its lower price, he can buy more of it.C) Max will take advantage of the gift by buying all chicken because it is the more expensive meat.D) There is not enough information to answer the question.Answer: ATopic: Constrained Consumer Choice15) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and an indifference map are shown in the above figure. Which of the following best describes Max's preferences?A) d > b > eB) d = b = eC) a = b > cD) a = b > eAnswer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choiceshown in the above figure. Which of the following bundles are in Max's opportunity set?A) a, b, cB) b, d, eC) a, b, dD) None of the above.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice17) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and indifference map are shown in the above figure. If the price of burger increases, which of the following bundles are in Max's opportunity set?A) b, d, eB) d, eC) a, b, c, d, eD) None of the labeled points are in Max's opportunity set.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice18) Cash may be preferred to food stamps because additional cashA) rotates the budget constraint.B) shifts out the budget constraint at every point.C) provides a smaller opportunity set.D) allows the purchase of more food.Answer: BTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice19) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and indifference map are shown in the above figure. If Max is currently at point eA) his MRS is less than the trade-off offered by the market.B) is willing to give up more burger than he has to given market prices.C) is not maximizing his utility.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer Choice20) Max has allocated $100 toward meats for his barbecue. His budget line and indifference map are shown in the above figure. If Max is currently at point dA) his MRS is larger than the trade-off offered by the market.B) is willing to give up more chicken than he has to given market prices.C) is not maximizing his utility.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Constrained Consumer ChoiceFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.21) Consumers do not prefer gifts-in-kind to cash gifts.Answer: True. It is possible the consumer would buy the same gift with cash and therefore be just as well off. If the consumer bought something other than the gift, that means that this something else is preferred to the gift. At best, the gift yields the same utility as would have been achieved with the cash, but never more. Topic: Consumer's Constrained Choice22) If MRS > MRT, then the consumer is better off than at equilibrium.Answer: False. MRS > MRT implies that the consumer values the next unit of "x" more than it costs to obtain it. That is, there is a gain from trade to be made. As more "x" is purchased, MRS falls and eventually MRS = MRT. At this point, all gains from trade have been made.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice23) Joe subscribes to an Internet provider that charges $2 per hour. He has $100 per month to spend and is at equilibrium by buying 10 hours of Internet access and $80 worth of other goods. Draw the indifference curve and budget line. If the company switches to a $20 monthly fee for unlimited Internet access, is Joe better off? Answer:See the above figure. Under the new plan Joe can still purchase his original bundle and get additional time on the Internet for free. Note that had Joe been consuming less than 10 hours at $2 per hour, the new pricing policy would leave him worse off.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice24) Suppose Joe's utility for lobster (L) and soda (S) can be represented as U = L0.5 S0.5. Joe walks into a restaurant with $72. Lobsters cost $18 each and sodas cost $2 each. How much lobster and soda will Joe consume if he intends to spend all his money? (There are no tax and no tips.)Answer: Maximizing Joe's utility subject to his budget constraint yields:U = L0.5 S0.5 + l(72 - 18L - 2S)1. dU/dL = 0.5 L-0.5 S0.5. - l18 = 02. dU/dL = 0.5 L0.5 S-0.5 - l2 = 03. dU/dL = 72 - 18L - 2S = 0From 1) and 2), S/L = 9 or S = 9L. Substituting into 3) yields 72 - 36L = 0 or L = 2. Since S = 9L, S = 18. Thus, Joe will buy 2 lobsters and wash it all down with 18 sodas.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice25) Joe's indifference map for lobster and soda is shown in the above figure along with his budget line. Will Joe choose point a? Explain your answer in terms both of MRS and the level of utility.Answer: Joe will not choose point a. Since the slope of his budget line tells us that he must give up only 9 sodas to get a lobster, Joe will wish to buy more lobsters and less soda than bundle a provides. From a utility standpoint, Joe will not choose point a because another bundle that lies on a higher indifference curve is obtainable.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice26) John is indifferent between canned soup and fresh soup. Canned soup sells for $1 per serving and fresh soup sells for $2 per serving. Assuming that John has allocated $4 toward soup, how will he spend it? Explain your answer by drawing John's budget line and indifference curves.Answer:See the above figure. Canned and fresh soups are perfect substitutes. A corner solution exists where John spends all $4 on canned soup.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice27) Suppose that left shoes and right shoes must be purchased separately. Ingrid needs an equal number of each type of shoe and has a budget of $100 for shoes. Left shoes always cost $1. If right shoes cost $19 each, how many of each will Ingrid buy? If the price of right shoes increases to $49 each, how will Ingrid react? Explain your answer by drawing the indifference curves and budget lines.Answer:See the above figure. Since Ingrid needs an equal number of each type of shoe, left shoes and right shoes are perfect complements. If right shoes are $19 each, Ingrid purchases 5 pairs of shoes. If right shoes are $49 each, Ingrid purchases 2 pairs.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice28) Johnny has $100 to spend on books and all other goods. Books cost $20 each and Johnny is at equilibrium consuming 3 books and $40 worth of other goods. Johnny's grandmom wants to give Johnny either a book or $20 for his birthday. Which gift does Johnny prefer? Explain using an indifference map and budget lines.Answer:See the above figure. Since Johnny's equilibrium book consumption exceeds the quantity of books in the gift-in-kind, Johnny is indifferent between receiving the book or the cash. Had Johnny been consuming less than one book, he would have preferred the cash.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice29) Lisa consumes only pizzas (P) and burritos (B). Her utility function is U = P0.5 B0.5. The price of per pizza is $10 and the price per burrito is $5. In equilibrium, Lisa consumes 4 pizzas. Using Lisa's utility function, calculate how many burritos she consumes.Answer: The marginal utility of pizza equals B0.5/2P0.5. The marginal utility of a burrito equals P0.5/2B0.5. In equilibrium, the ratio of the marginal utilities will equal the ratio of prices. The ratio of marginal utilities simplifies to B/P. The ratio of prices is 10/5. Since we know that Lisa consumes 4 pizzas, she must consume 8 burritos.Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice30) Lisa consumes only pizzas and burritos. In equilibrium, her marginal utility of pizza is 20 and her marginal utility of a burrito is 10. The price of a pizza is $4. What is the price of a burrito?Answer: In equilibrium, the ratio of the marginal utility of a pizza divided by the price of a pizza must equal the marginal utility of a burrito divided by the price of a burrito. Thus, the price of a burrito must be $2. Topic: Constrained Consumer Choice21。
张延《中级宏观经济学》课后习题详解(4第四章 产品市场和货币市场的同时均衡：IS-LM模型)
张延《中级宏观经济学》第四章产品市场和货币市场的同时均衡：IS LM -模型跨考网独家整理最全经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题解析资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题，经济学考研参考书等内容，更有跨考考研历年辅导的经济学学哥学姐的经济学考研经验，从前辈中获得的经验对初学者来说是宝贵的财富，这或许能帮你少走弯路，躲开一些陷阱。
以下内容为跨考网独家整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择经济学一对一在线咨询进行咨询。
1．下述方程是对某一经济的描述（可以假定C 、I 、G 等均以十亿美元度量，而R 以百分比度量，利率5%意味着5R =）。
()0.81C t Y =-0.25T Y =100050I R =-0700G =0.2562.5L Y R =-500M P =（1）IS 曲线的定义是什么？哪一个方程描述了IS 曲线？（2）LM 曲线的定义是什么？哪一个方程描述了LM 曲线？（3）收入和利率的均衡水平是什么？（4）用文字描述IS 曲线与LM 曲线的交点所满足的条件，并且解释为什么该点是均衡位置。
答：（1）IS 曲线代表了产品市场处于均衡时候的国民收入和利率水平的组合。
它描述了利率和收入的反向变动关系，利率下降会导致投资支出增加，从而厂商的实际产出增加，收入也会增加。
由00.6170050Y C I G Y R =++=+-，整理得4250125Y R =-，此方程描述了IS 曲线。
（2）LM 曲线代表了货币市场处于均衡时候的利率和收入水平的组合，货币供给等于货币需求时候的利率和收入水平的组合。
它描述了利率和收入水平的同向变动关系。
由M L P=，得5000.2562.5Y R =-，整理得2000250Y R =+，此方程描述了LM 曲线。
（3）将IS 曲线和LM 曲线方程联立，有42501252000250R R -=+，解得：6R *=，3500Y *=。
（4）在LM 曲线和IS 曲线的交点处产品市场和货币市场同时处于均衡。
宏观经济学作业(必作)
宏观经济学习题（必作）第一章：1．如何理解宏观经济学的研究对象？2．简述宏观经济学的学科体系。
3．试说明宏观经济学是怎样运用总量分析方法的。
4．古典经济学家有哪些主要的宏观经济观点？5．新古典经济学形成了哪些重要的宏观经济思想？6．凯恩斯革命的主要内容是什么？7．凯恩斯主义宏观经济理论的逐步完善主要体现在哪些方面？8．宏观经济学进一步发展呈现出哪些重要趋势？第二章1.名词解释：流量存量 GDP GNP NDP PDI PI 国民收入支出法收入法GDP缩减指数真实GDP 名义GDP 价格指数失业自然失业率充分就业潜在GDP 奥肯定律2.国民收入核算指标的问题是什么?应如何纠正?3.分别绘出两部门、三部门和四部门经济循环图并加以说明。
4.物价和就业水平的衡量有哪些主要指标?应如何加以运用?5.已知某国有如下统计资料(单位：亿元)资本消耗补偿356.4，雇员酬金1 866.6，企业利息支付264.9，间接税266.3，个人租金收入34.1，公司利润164.8，非公司业主收入120.8，红利66.4，社会保险税253.9，个人所得税402.1，消费者支付的利息64.4，政府支付的利息105.1，政府和企业的转移支付374.5，个人消费支出1 991.9。
分别计算国民收入、国内生产净值、国内生产总值、个人收入、个人可支配收入和个人储蓄。
6.假定国内生产总值是5 000，个人可支配收入是4 100，政府预算赤字是200,消费是3 800，贸易赤字是100(单位:亿美元)。
试计算：(1)储蓄；(2)投资；(3)政府支出7.设一经济社会生产五种产品,它们在1990年和1992年的产量和价格分别如下表所示。
产品 1990年的产量 1990年的价格 1992年产量 1992年价格(美元) (美元)A 25 1.50 30 1.60B 50 7.50 60 8.00C 40 6.00 50 7.00D 30 5.00 35 5.50E 60 2.00 70 2.50试计算：(1)1990年和1992年的名义国内生产总值；(2)如果以1990年以基年,则1992年的实际国内生产总值；(3)计算1990~1992年的国内生产总值缩减指数。
中宏第4次作业参考答案
中级宏观经济学第四次作业*⼀、单项选择（12分）1、（4分）某国的实际GDP平均每年增长6.5%，资本存量为一年的GDP的3.5倍左右，资本折旧约为GDP的10%，资本收入约为GDP的30%。
由此判断该国的资本存量（A）A.高于黄金律水平B.等于黄金律水平C.低于黄金律水平D.无法判断【参考答案】K=3.5YδK=0.1YMP K×K=0.3Yn+g=6.5%解得δ=0.1/3.5≈0.029，MP K=0.3/3.5≈0.086，因此MP K−δ=5.7%<6.5%=n+g。
故经济拥有的资本多于黄金律稳态。
2、（4分）关于总需求曲线，下列说法正确的是（D）A.总需求曲线的移动一定是由货币供给量的变化造成的B.实际货币余额的需求增加一定导致总需求曲线向右移动C.总需求曲线反映了物价水平与收入之间的一种正相关关系D.对于固定的货币供给和货币流通速度，数量方程式反映出价格水平与产出量的负相关关系3、（4分）某经济开始时处于长期均衡，如果受到不利的供给冲击的同时货币流通速度外生地提高，可以预计，在短期内（C）A.产出将上升，价格可能上升、下降或者不变B.产出将下降，价格可能上升、下降或者不变C.价格将上升，产出可能上升、下降或者不变*请于2017年11⽉28⽇星期⼆课前提交纸质版作业。
1D.价格将下降，产出可能上升、下降或者不变【参考答案】二、（经济增长II，64分）请回答以下问题1、证明下列关于有人口增长和技术进步的索洛模型（Y=F(K,L×E)）的稳态的每一条表述。
a.(4分)资本—产出比率是不变的。
【参考答案】In the steady state,we know that sy=(δ+n+g)k.This implies thatk/y=s/(δ+n+g).Since s,δ,n,and g are constant,this means that the ratio k/y is also constant.Since k/y= [K/(LE)]/[Y/(LE)]=K/Y,we can conclude that in the steady state,the capital–output ratio is constant.b.(4分)资本和劳动各自赚取了经济的一个不变份额的收入。
亚伯《中级宏观经济学》(第6版)笔记和课后习题详解 第4章 消费、储蓄与投资【圣才出品】
第4章消费、储蓄与投资4.1复习笔记一、消费与储蓄国民意愿消费水平为d C，它等于在收入和其他决定家庭经济行为的因素既定时家庭愿意消费的产品和服务的总量。
意愿消费的总值d C等于所有家庭意愿消费的总和。
意愿国民储蓄d S是当总消费达到意愿水平时的国民储蓄水平。
意愿国民储蓄的表达式是d d=--。
S Y C G1．个人的消费和储蓄决策当人们考虑到未来时，现在的消费少于当期收入，余下的部分进行储蓄，这会使人们未来某个时期的消费高于收入。
当人们只考虑现在时，通过借款使消费高于当期收入，但所付出的代价是在将来的某一天必须偿还贷款，消费将低于收入。
总之，人们要在现在消费和未来消费中做出取舍。
人们做出怎样的取舍取决于经济体中普遍存在的实际利率。
实际利率决定了当期消费与未来消费的相对价格。
人们会尽量避免消费发生巨大的波动，保持消费相对稳定的愿望称为消费平滑动机（consumption-smoothing motive），即避免某段时间消费较多而另一段时间消费较少的情况。
由于存在消费平滑动机，人们会尽量使每段时间的消费支出平均化。
2．当期收入变化的影响当期收入是影响消费和投资决策的主要因素。
当人们的收入增加时，由于存在消费平滑动机，人们会将部分收入用于消费（使当期消费增加），而其余部分则用于储蓄（使未来消费增加）。
边际消费倾向（marginal propensity to consume，MPC）是当期收入的增量中用于增加当期消费的比例。
由于人们不会消费掉全部的额外收入，因此，MPC界于0和1之间。
可以预见到总产出（收入）Y的增加同样会导致总意愿消费d C的增加。
由于边际消费倾向小于1，所以d C的增加值小于Y的增加值。
由于并非所有增加的收入都用于消费，因此，意愿国民储蓄d S同样会随Y增加而增加。
3．预期未来收入变化的影响现期的消费决策不仅受到当期收入的影响，还同样受到预期未来收入的影响。
个人预期未来收入增加会使人们增加当期消费并减少当期储蓄。
北大经济学院张延老师中级宏观习题及答案
如果 c 1 就
按照下图 在这个例子中发生了什么 并且 它与我们课程中
的图形有什么重大的区别
共5页
第4页
宏观经济学
第三章作业题
张 延 录入
AD AD=AD0 + cY Y = AD
E
0
Yo
Y
14 我们在第 3 章第 4 节考察了开放经济 本习题提前就该内容进行一些讨论 本习题是较难的 有余力的学生才须尝试一下 请你按以下要求去推导一些结论 首先 我们假定外国对我们产品的需求是给定的 为 X 我们对外国产品的需求 或进口用 Q 表示 出口 X 它是一个关于收入的线性函数 进口 Q Qo mY 其中 m 是边际进口倾向
4
a 利用边际消费倾向 c 和边际储蓄倾向 s 相互之间的关系 将乘数等式以术 语 s 的形式 而不是术语 c 的形式写出
共5页 第1页
宏观经济学
第三章作业题
张 延 录入
b 当政府加入之后 乘数发生什么变化 你在 4 a 中推导出的公式是否 仍然适用 并加以解释
5 本题与所谓的节俭的悖论有关 并 且 I计 Io a 画一张图
共 4 页，第 4 页。
宏观经济学
第三章作业题
张 延 录入
第 3 章习题
1 关于在本章第 2 节中所考察的无政府条件下两部门产品市场的模型 我们在此 给出一个具体的例子加以研究 假定消费函数为 C=100+0.8Y 同时 投资 I=50 a b c 什么是这个事例中的均衡的收入水平 什么是均衡时的储蓄水平 如果由于某种原因产出水平是 800 那么 那么 什么是非意愿存货水平
（a） 定义消费价格指数。 （b） 假设定义 CPI 的商品篮子如上表所给定的。如果 1994 年的价格为：食品 每单位 30 美元；住房每单位 20 美元；娱乐每单位 6 美元。计算 1994 年 的 CPI。 （c） 说明相对于基年的 CPI 变化是所有单个价格变化的加权平均数，这些权 数是由基年中各种商品的支出份额所给定的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chapter 10~111.Suppose there is an increase in the number of ATM machines in service. What arethe effects of this innovation on the demand for money and on the price level?2.The issuers of credit cards demand payment every two weeks instead of everymonth. Determine the effects on money demand and on price level. Explain your results.3.Suppose that the preferences of the representative household change in such a waythat the worker in the household becomes more willing to work, in that he or she requires less compensation in terms of consumption goods to supply an extra unit of labor, given any consumption-leisure bundle.a.Now suppose that the monetary authority wishes to stabilize the pricelevel (hold the price level constant). How would the money supplychange in response to the change in preference in order to accomplishthis?b.Suppose there is a temporary increase in total productivity, and themonetary authority wishes to stabilize the price level. What would be theeffects of the increase in the total factor productivity on the moneysupply?4.Suppose that the quantity of government purchases increases permanently, andthat this increase in government spending is financed by an increase in the growth rate x of the money supply. That is, the increase in government spending is financed through seignorage. Determine the effects on current equilibrium inflation, employment, output, the real wage, the real interest rate, the nominal interest rate. Explain your results.Chapter 151.Suppose that the central bank wishes to reduce the price level, and announces thatit will reduce the money supply to accomplish this. Use the money surprise model to answer the following questions:a.Suppose the public does not believe that the central bank is serious aboutreducing the price level. What happens to real aggregate variables andthe price level?b.Suppose, alternatively, that the public believes the central bankannouncement. What happens to real variables and the price level now?pare your results in part (a) and part (b). In which case does theprice level change more for a given reduction in the money supply?What do you think a central bank can do to make it policyannouncements more credible?2.In the money surprise model, compare the performance of the economies in twocountries that are identical in all respects but one: in country a the money supply is highly variable, while in country b there is little variability in money supply. Fora given surprise increase in the money supply, determine with the aid of diagramshow the economy in country a will respond relative to the economy in country b.Explain your results.Chapter 161.Suppose nominal wages are negotiated between the representative firm and therepresentative consumer to be perfectly indexed to the price level; that is, if the price level rise by x%, then the nominal wage will increase by x%. This implies that the real wage will be fixed over the course of the contract.a.Determine the aggregate supply curve when the real wage is fixed.b.Suppose initially that the supply equals demand in the labour market. Then,assume that the money supply increases. Determine the effects on real output, employment, the real interest rate, the real wage, the nominal wage, and Keynesian unemployment, and explain your results.c.Now, suppose again that supply initially equals demand in the labour market,and that total factor productivity falls. Determine the effects on real output, employment, the real interest rate, the real wage, the nominal wage, and Keynesian unemployment. Explain your results and any differences from part(b).2.In the Keynesian sticky wage model, suppose that supply is initially equal todemand in the labor market, and that there is a negative shock to the demand for investment goods, because the firm anticipates lower total factor productivity in the future.a.Determine the effects on real output, the real interest rate, the price level,employment, and the real wage, if the government did nothing in response to the shock.b.Determine the effects if monetary policy is used to stabilize the economy, withthe goal of the monetary authority being zero Keynesian unemployment.c.Determine the effects if government spending is used to stabilize the economy,with the goal of the fiscal authority being zero Keynesian unemployment.d.Explain and comment on the differences in your results among parts (a), (b)and (c).。