翻译硕士MTI英语翻译基础1解析
2013年安徽大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及其答案解析
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班
2013年安徽大学
英语翻译硕士
考研真题及答案解析
育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:
历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.
有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。
翻译硕士英语
一、选择题 （30题） 考语法词汇
二、阅读
四篇文章：哲学与科学、少数族裔式的名字在工作中的影响、左撇子的生活。
大部分是选择题，偶尔三四个简答题，原文中可找到答案。
三、写作：话题是Should we read for purpose or just pleasure? 字数不少于400
英语翻译基础
一、短语翻译
汉翻英： 十八大、残奥会、互惠条款等；英翻汉：Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)，sunset industry 、felicity conditions 、reproducing age……
二、段落
汉翻英：介绍花鼓灯；英翻汉：关于传奇人物William T ell ，当时文献中未曾记载其人其事，作者举例佐证。
汉语写作与百科知识。
2013年北京大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及其答案解析
财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授 训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班2013年北京大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。
英语翻译基础1.这对翻译术语是由美国著名翻译理论学家劳伦斯韦努蒂（Lawrence Venuti ）于1995年在《译者的隐身》中提出来的。
归化：是要把源语本土化，以目标语或译文读者为归宿，采取目标语读者所习惯的表达方式来传达原文的内容。
归化翻译要求译者向目的语的读者靠拢，译者必须像本国作者那样说话，原作者要想和读者直接对话，译作必须变成地道的本国语言。
归化翻译有助于读者更好地理解译文，增强译文的可读性和欣赏性。
2.异化：是“译者尽可能不去打扰作者，让读者向作者靠拢”。
在翻译上就是迁就外来文化的语言特点，吸纳外语表达方式，要求译者向作者靠拢，采取相应于作者所使用的源语表达方式，来传达原文的内容，即以目的语文化为归宿。
使用异化策略的目的在于考虑民族文化的差异性、保存和反映异域民族特征和语言风格特色，为译文读者保留异国情调。
作为两种翻译策略，归化和异化是对立统一，相辅相成的，绝对的归化和绝对的异化都是不存在的。
在广告翻译实践中译者应根据具体的广告语言特点、广告的目的、源语和目的语语言特点、民族文化等恰当运用两种策略，已达到具体的、动态的统一。
3.语内翻译（intralingual translationn 的“改变说法”（rewording ）。
翻译硕士(MTI)(英语笔译)(学科专业代码：580100)
翻译硕士（MTI）（英语笔译）（学科专业代码：580100）一、学位名称翻译硕士专业学位（英语笔译）二、培养目标1.培养德智体全面发展的人才。
要求学生有坚定正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，有理想，遵纪守法，有敬业精神，有职业道德，有团队合作精神，有健康的体魄和心智。
2.掌握一门第二外国语；培养有国际视野、交流才能和创新意识的具有坚实的双语基础、专业知识和口笔译技能，适应国家经济、文化、社会发展需要的高层次、应用型、专业性笔译人才。
三、学习年限2年四、培养方式1.实行学分制。
学生须通过学校规定课程的考试，成绩及格即取得相应学分；修满规定学分后可撰写学位论文；学位论文经答辩通过可申请翻译硕士专业学位。
2.实行导师组集体指导制。
导师组由校内导师及社会翻译专家共同构成。
3.试行课内教学与课外实践相结合的培养模式。
学生在完成规定课程学习的基础上，还应充分利用寒、暑假及课余完成大约十万字的笔译实践。
五、课程类型及学分总学分：30 学分其中，学位基础课： 3门课 6学分专业必修程： 4门课 8学分专业选修课： 7门课 14学分社会实践与学术会议：提交4篇相关论文 2学分鼓励学生参加国家人事部II级或教育部中级笔译资格证书考试，获证书者计2学分。
六、学位论文及学位授予学生修满规定学分，各科成绩合格，在导师指导下撰写出学位论文并通过答辩，准予毕业并发给翻译硕士专业学位研究生毕业证书，符合《中华人民共和国学位条例》者，授予翻译硕士专业学位。
论文形式二选一：研究论文或实践报告，二者均要求用英语写作，前者字数一万至一万五，后者八千左右。
七、学位论文撰写时间安排6月答辩时间安排12月答辩时间安排八、课程设置九、必读书目I．专著类1．连淑能．《英汉对比研究》．高等教育出版社．1993．2．周兆祥．《翻译与人生》．中国对外翻译出版公司．1998．3．段连城．《怎样对外介绍中国》．中国对外翻译出版公司．1993．4．琼〃平卡姆．《中式英语之鉴》．外语教学与研究出版社．2003．5．金圣华．《齐向译道行》．（《英语世界》2004年至今连载）．6．方梦之．《实用文本汉译英》．青岛出版社．2004．7．陈小慰．《新编实用翻译教程》．经济科学出版社．2006．8．张健．《报刊语言翻译》．高等教育出版社．2008．9．陈刚．《旅游翻译与涉外导游》．中国对外翻译出版公司．2004．10．贾文波．《汉英时文翻译教程》．中国对外翻译出版公司．2008．11．常玉田．《经贸汉译英教程》．对外经济贸易大学出版社．2002．12．王颖．《公示语汉英翻译》．对外经济贸易大学出版社．2007．13．方梦之、范武邱．《科技翻译教程》．上海外语教育出版社．2008．14．Nida, Eugene, Language and Culture, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001．15．William, Jenny & Andrew Chesterman．The Map: A Beginner’s Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies．Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004．II．报刊类1．《中国翻译》2．《上海翻译》3．《东方翻译》4．《中国科技翻译》5．《中国科技术语》6．《英语世界》7．《译神》（电子杂志）8．《语言桥之声》9．China Daily10．Beijing ReviewIII．工具书类1．《汉英外事工作常用词汇》编篡委员会．《汉英外事工作常用词汇》外文出版社．2000．2．中国日报网站．《汉英最新特色词汇》．上海社会科学院出版社．2002．3．张健．《报刊新词英译词典》．上海科技教育出版社．2001．4．方凡泉．《新汉英分类口译词典》．世界图书出版公司．2003．5．杨全红．《简明汉英时事用语手册》．知识出版社．2002．。
2011年四川外国语学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案解析
04. Each of these people instruct their children as well as they can, but these instructions are feeble compared with those which are given to the youth of the poorest class in Europe.
译: 他为人稳重且勤奋，因此他在此生已成为了自己应当成为的那种人。至于来世，他只能 托付给伟大的造物主了。
03. As old ploughmen and new men of the woods, as Europeans and new made Indians, they contract the vices of both; they adopt the moroseness and ferocity of a native, without his mildness, or even his industry at home.
译: 离开开罗后，他们花了很长时间爬上桥，慢慢向上走，直到爬到比秃树梢还高的地方。 她低下头看到微光在蔓延，河底变宽，然后水流出现了，倒映着地平线的晨曦。
20. In that year I had had time to become aware of the meaning of all my father’s bitter warnings, had discovered the secret of his proudly pursed lips and rigid carriage: I had discovered the weight of white people in the world.
2016年中南大学翻译硕士MTI真题答案解析
2016年中南大学翻译硕士MTI真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （25 POINTS）01. Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?A. foolishnessB. sanityC. prideD. selfishness02. The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.A. examinationB. weightC. gazeD. attention03. Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.A. mumbleB. ruminateC. wonderD. wander04. The teacher is very exacting about his students’penmanship.A. lenientB. demandingC. carefulD. meticulous05. There are rumors of an economic menace from the dairy cooperatives.A. problemB. ultimatumC. disasterD. threat06. The driver was baffled when his turn signal wouldn’t work.A. confusedB. surprisedC. angeredD. dismayed07. The father gave his son a horse, which was considered extravagant by the rest of the family.A. exorbitantB. crazyC. unwiseD. generous08. After the boy was hit on the head, he had no recollection of anything that had happened before.A. memoirB. memberC. memoryD. memento09. The little girls were commended for their wonderful dance presentation.A. recommendedB. respectedC. pleasedD. praised10. It would be a blessing for the human race if the mosquito could be eradicated.A. wiped upB. wiped awayC. wiped offD. wiped out11. The clamorous group of children enjoyed the park all afternoon.A. nosyB. noxiousC. noisyD. noisome12. The flood waters began to abate as soon as the rain ceased.A. diminishB. dimC. deemD. dilute13. New York City’s Brooklyn area holds 2. 2 million diverse and disputatious people.A. disreputableB. argumentativeC. arbitraryD. ardent14. Few visitors care that the neighborhood is dominated by high rises and skyscrapers.A. overlookedB. overthrownC. over passedD. overshadowed15. With the new leadership there came sweeping change.A. uprootingB. wide-reachingC. reachingD. specific16. The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors ____ and caused them to ____.A. in a panic/stampedeB. in a panic/panicC. in confusion/hold their stocksD. in despair/withdraw gradually17. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, ____ out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.A. operatesB. is operatingC. has operatedD. operating18. The quantum theory states ____, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.A. energy thatB. that it is energyC. it is energyD. that energy19. The best known of all the Arctic birds, ____.A. birdwatchers favor ptarmigansB. being ptarmigans’and birdwatchers’favoritesC. favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchersD. ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers20. Geysers are round near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ____.A. surface below the deepB. deep below the surfaceC. the deep below surfaceD. the deep surface below21. “Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. metonymyC. zeugmaD. sytllepsis22. “By day’s end, I had drilled 4216 holes to a depth of 18 inches, and I had lost mine pounds, my hearing, feeling in both hands and the ability to lift anything heavier than the evening paper.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. syllepsisC. anticlimaxD. allusion23. “Britannia rules the waves, Mussolini waives the rules.”That is an example of ____.A. paregmenonB. regressionC. paradoxD. zeugma24 “Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect.”That is an example of ____.A. oxymoronB. transferred epithetC. malapropismD. parody25. “The one in the brown suit gaped at her. Blue suit grinned, might even have winked. The big nose in grey suit still stared—and he had small angry eyes and did noteven smile.”That is an example of ____.A. hyperboleB. transferred epithetC. metonymyD. oxymoronPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （15 POINTS）Passage AFor years, millions of Americans and people from around the world have crowded into the well-known major parks. They have read the travel literature or heard firsthand reports about these wonders, and naturally they’ve had to see for themselves.At times, visiting some of our parks has become more like rubbing elbows at a jam packed Major League baseball game than sensing the solitude of the wilderness. We have tried to see the most and the best in the least amount of time. We have jumped into cars and campers and rushed off to cover a dozen parks in a week or two —madly snapping photographs as we go.01. According to the passage, many Americans visit the major parks because ____.A. they like the well-known major parks.B. they want to gain the same knowledge as others.C. they want to show the pictures of those parks to their friends.D. they don’t care for the historic parks.02. We can infer from the passage that ____.A. people should not visit several parks superficially.B. people should not spend more time thinking about the park itself.C. people should visit the famous parks in America.D. people should drive around the parks.Passage BFull-time faculty and staff on the University payroll, when applying for an annual permit, may authorize payment of their parking fees by payroll deduction. The first deduction will include the regular monthly deduction of $15.00 plus a one-time deduction to cover all parking charges accruing prior to the first deduction period.01. These instructions apply to ____.A. anyone who is applying for a parking permitB. all people who want to park at the UniversityC. people who work full-time at the UniversityD. people who are applying to work at the University02. You may have your parking fees deducted from your pay if you ____.A. are applying for an annual permitB. have paid all prior parking chargesC. apply before the first deduction periodD. park at the University regularlyPassage CThe science of linguistics has helped to reconstruct the long road the ancestors of modern day Indians traveled in North America. At the time of the discovery of the New World, the explorers found a babel of tongues. In North and South America more languages were spoken—about 2,200 of them—than all of Europe and Asia at that time. Despite what some early explorers and European scholars believed, there never was such a language as “American Indian”—meaning, presumably, one common language with only local dialects. Rather than one common language that linked the Indians of North America, about 550 distinct languages were spoken, and nearly everylanguage comprised numerous dialects. A second misconception was that a language had to be written to rank as a full-fledged language. In North America, a truly written language developed only in Mexico, yet most Indian groups were able to communicate a rich unwritten tradition of poetry, oratory, and drama.01. When explorers discovered North America, ____.A. there was one common language spoken throughout the landB. they discovered a placed called BabelC. written language was an important means of communicationD. there were many languages spoken, most with many dialects02. An incorrect belief of some early scholars was that ____.A. 550 distinct languages were spoken in North AmericaB the American Indian language had many dialectsC. more languages were spoken in North America than in EuropeD. to be a real language, a language had to be written03. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ____A. Only Mexican Indians communicated through poetry, drama, and oration.B. Most Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory and drama.C. Only written Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory, and drama.D. North American Indians did not develop a truly written language.Passage DIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations”experts, yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might f themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates, They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by thepsychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise”capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.01. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is ____.A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligibleB. working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly02. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.A. they are likely to lose their jobsB. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD. they are deprived of their individuality and independence03. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.A. who are at the bottom of the societyB. who are higher tip in their social statusC. who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD. who could keep far away from this competitive world04. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ____.A. resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB. offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC. enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD. take the fundamental realities for grantedPassage EThe newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts, This is the most importantassignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of society news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has local reaction in the financial market, political circles, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you consider giving an interpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions. What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As for the first question, consider how a so-called “factual”story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out these fifty, his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the beginning of the article. (This is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond fine first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether fine article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus in the presentation of a so-called “factual”or “objective”story, at leastthree judgments: are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which. , reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism”, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, art both objective rather than subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the light in the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on giving a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story —promoting it to page one or putting it on page thirty.01. The best title for this passage is ____.A. Function of the Night EditorB. Interpreting the NewsC. Subjective versus Objective ProcessesD. Choosing Facts02. The author implies that ____.A. in writing a factual story, the writer must use judgmentB. the writer should limit himself to the factsC, reporters give prejudiced view of the factsD. editors control what the reporters write03. The beginning sentence should present the most important fact because ____.A. it will influence the reader to continueB. most readers read only the first paragraphC. it is the best way to write according to the schools of journalismD. it details the general attitude of the writer04. Readers are justified in thinking that the most important aspect of the news reported in the newspaper is that it should be ____.A. interpreted in detailB. edited properlyC. objectively reportedD. impartialPart 3: Translation. （30 POINTS）01. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us withunconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understated life better.02. Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.03. Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.04. Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.05. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.06. 从我居室的窗口望出去，可以看到一棵高高的芙蓉树。
2013年南开大学翻译硕士考研英语翻译基础考研真题及答案解析
2013年南开大学翻译硕士考研英语翻译基础考研真题及答案解析一、英汉互译RCEP，Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution皇家环境污染委员会a bull market，牛市，价格上涨的市场Russian ruble，俄罗斯卢布anti-dumping，反倾销stock in trade，库存,存货paid on delivery，货到付款unanimous vote，全票通过carbon footprint，碳足迹recursive function，递归函数provisional agenda，临时议程ready-made garment，成衣United Nation secretariat，联合国秘书处Global Environment Facility，全球环境基金International Refugee Organization，国际难民组织The World Travel and Tourism Council，世界旅行和旅游理事会种族歧视，race discrimination就职演说，inaugural speech和谐共赢，harmonious and win-win文化事业，cultural undertakings全民健身，nationwide fitness programs本地化服务，localization services产能过剩行业，industries with excess capacity放宽市场准入，liberalize market access自主创新能力，capacity for independent innovation载人航天飞行，manned space flight促进生态修复，promote ecological restoration公共卫生体系，public health system科技成果产业化，industrialization of scientific and technological achievements多语言跨文化交际，multi-language cross-cultural communication古为今用，洋为中用make the past serve the present,to make foreign things serve China二、英译汉：As long as there is class division and social inequality,Karl Marx will be the most relevant socialthinker of the twenty-one century.……三、汉译英：科学家们花了300年的时间，通过做实验并进行计算，才确定了光在真空中惊人的传播速度：每秒钟186,282英里（约折合299,784公里）。
MTI样题及答案
翻译硕士考试样题及参考答案翻译硕士考试《英语翻译基础》样题I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point f or each. (30’)1. APEC2. ASEAN3. CFO4. CPI5. EMS “Express Mail Service”)，邮政特快专递服务6. FBI7. GPS8. IPO全称Initial public offerings(首次公开募股)，9. NATO10. International Monetary Fund11. most favored nations12. Intellectual Property Rights13. Certified Public Accountant注册会计师14. European Free Trade Association欧洲自由贸易联盟15. International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能总署16. 按揭贷款mortgage17. 保健食品health food18. 保税区bonded area19. 不正之风unhealthy tendency20. 春运Spring Festival travel21. 第三产业tertiary /service sector22. 法制国家a state with an adequate legal system23. 国际惯例international common practice24. 货到付款cash on delivery25. 亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit26. 减员增效reduce staff for greater efficiency27. 联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises28. 留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary29. 特别提款权special drawing rights (SDR; SDRs) ; paper gold30. 市场准入market access, market admittanceII. Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. Ifthe source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)Source Text 1:A physician starts playing a harsh mental tape in her head every time a new patient calls: What if I make the wrong diagnosis? I’m a terrible doctor. How did I get into medical school? An executive loses his job despite 25 productive years, he tells hims elf: I’m a loser. I can’t provide for my family, and I’ll never be able to do it again. If these real-life examples sound familiar, you may have a caustic commentary running in your head, too. Psychologists say many of their patients are plagued by a harsh Inner Critic—including some extremely successful people who think it’s the secret to their success.An Inner Critic can indeed roust you out of bed in the morning, get you on the treadmill (literally and figuratively) and spur you to finish that book or symphony or invention. But the desire to achieve can get hijacked by harsh judgment and unrelenting fear. Unrelenting self-criticism often goes hand in hand with anxiety, and it may even predict depression. Self-criticism is also a factor in eating disorders, and body disorder—that is, preoccupation with one’s perceived physical flaws.Many people’s Inner Critic makes an appearance early in life and is such a constant companion that it’s part of their personality. Psychologists say that children, particularly those with a genetic predisposition to depression, may internalize and exaggerate the expectations of parents or peers or society. One theory is that self-criticism is anger turned inward, when sufferers are filled with hostility but too afraid and insecure to let it out. Other theories hold that people who scold themselves are acting out guilt or shame or subconsciously shielding themselves against criticism from others: You can’t tell me anything I don’t already tell myself, even in harsher terms.Techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy can be helpful in changing patterns of thought that have become painful. There are many patients, such as doctors, lawyers—who believed that if they didn’t flog themselves, they wouldn’t be successful. And par t of psychologists’ work is to break through that belief by telling the patients that they usually succeed in spite of their Inner Critics, not because of them. (360 words)【Key words】depression 抑郁症cognitive behavioral therapy 认知行为疗法Source Text 2:农业是多哈谈判的核心。
新疆大学英语MTI 2011-2014英语翻译硕士考研真题与答案
英语MTI历年真题答案14----112014百科一，名词解释1，本草纲目：《本草纲目》，药学著作，五十二卷，明朝李时珍撰，刊于1590年。
全书共190多万字，载有药物1892种，收集医方11096个，绘制精美插图1160幅，分为16部、60类，是中国古代汉医集大成者。
李时珍在继承和总结以前本草学成就的基础上，结合作者长期学习、采访所积累的大量药学知识，经过实践和钻研，历时数十年而编成的一部巨著。
书中不仅考正了过去本草学中的若干错误，综合了大量科学资料，提出了较科学的药物分类方法，溶入先进的生物进化思想，并反映了丰富的临床实践。
本书也是一部具有世界性影响的博物学著作。
2，东非大峡谷：东非大裂谷（East African Great Rift Valley）是世界大陆上最大的断裂带，从卫星照片上看去犹如一道巨大的伤疤。
当乘飞机越过浩翰的印入东非大陆的赤道上空时，从机窗向下俯视，地面上有一条硕大无比的“刀痕”呈现在眼前，这就是著名的“东非大裂谷”，亦称“东非大峡谷”。
这条长度相当于地球周长1/6的大裂谷，气势宏伟，景色壮观，是世界上最大的裂谷带，有人形象地将其称为“地球表皮上的一条大伤痕”。
东非大裂谷的整个形状可画成不规则三角形，最深达2000米，宽30-100千米，全长6000千米，是世界最长的不连续谷，由探险家约翰·华特·古格里所命名。
东非大裂谷的详细地理位置以三角形的三个点来描述的话，南点在莫桑比克入海口，西北点则远到苏丹约旦河，北点则可进入死海。
中间有相当多个湖泊、火山群。
3，董仲舒：董仲舒（前179年―前104年），汉族，广川郡（今河北省衡水市景县广川镇大董古庄）人，汉代思想家、哲学家、政治家、教育家。
汉武帝元光元年（前134年），汉武帝下诏征求治国方略。
儒生董仲舒在《举贤良对策》中系统地提出了“天人感应”、“大一统”学说和“罢黜百家，表彰六经”的主张。
董仲舒认为，“道之大原出于天”，自然、人事都受制于天命，因此反映天命的政治秩序和政治思想都应该是统一的。
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科目：英语翻译基础
Part one. Translate following terms.
1.eight-legged essay 16. 国际原子能组织
2.Chinese New Year’s Eve 17. 全球定位系统
3.Confucius Institute 18. 公共管理硕士
4.temple title 19. 中心商务区
5. social security system 20. 欧洲共同体
6. the Scientific Outlook on Development 21. 相声
7. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 22. 千年虫
8. get ill by the mouth 23. 生产资料
9. ICU 24. 党纲
10. state-owned enterprises 25. 国会大厦
11. acupuncture and moxibustion 26. 扶贫基金
12. golden week 27.零和博弈
13. heat island effect 28. 行话
14 four treasures of study 29. 美联社
15. Korean Penisula 30. 熊市
Part two. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese
中国有句名言，“上有天堂，下有苏杭”。
这话很吸引人，不过这两个人间天堂，苏州和杭州是否真能位居其一，只有实地查看查看了。
苏州海拔仅四米，水之风韵，融入苏州水乡古镇的将官，也见于作为世界文化遗产的苏州静谧的古典园林。
这一点，一到此地就能领略。
步行十分钟，从火车站到我落脚的临河旅馆，一路只见运河水道纵横交错。
苏州靠近长江入海口，洪涝多发，因此建运河沟渠无数，以稳定这一长江三角洲地带。
这个地区的其他几个城镇也跟着这么做，这就形成了中国的水乡区域。
除了有数不清的湖泊，35公里的河流，168座桥外，大运河也是这一地区重要的景点。
它从北京到杭州，由北向南开了一个通道，给苏州带来巨大的贸易商源。
苏州有不少小街，花上几分钟，走上几条看了看，我便找到苏州被誉为“东方威尼斯”的原因了。
且无论散布城内许多别致如画的石拱桥，苏州和威尼斯一样，也曾是个商贸大港，向外提供中国这个“高产之地”的物品。
短暂的游览期间，我看见许多小船在这些河流中来来往往，把货物运往全城的每个地方。
苏州还是中国的丝绸之都。
在古代，丝绸可能是顺着这条大运河运到北京，最终又沿着丝绸之路一直远运罗马等地。
这些丝绸正是从这儿发出的。
时至今日，苏州丝绸出口仍占全国百分之三十。
气候温和，土地肥沃，物产丰富，无怪乎苏州被称为“人间天堂”了。
Part three. Translate the following passage from Chinese into English
In the twenty years since the reform was initiated, the living standard of the people registered a remarkable elevation. As a result, we saw the gap widen of the inhabitant’s income but at the same time we saw the majority of the people improve their life, which will offset the displeasure at the widening income disparity. The rise in living standards is an important guarantee for social stability and this meanwhile places a heavy load on our shoulders requiring us to work hard for China’s reform and development.. That is to say, we must maintain a relatively high rate of economic growth. On the contrary, research in society also shows that a fall in its social status
almost always alienates that social group and nursed in them displeasure against the leading system of the society. Taking this into consideration we should show more care and concern for the socially disadvantaged groups when it comes to setting up social security systems, for such people as the unemployed workers and staff, the inhabitants in need due to natural calamities and human errors and the farmers whose living standards are on the downhill slide. We must try our best to offset the adverse effect caused by the fall in social status of these groups through channels such as social security, social benefits and relief efforts.。