1993考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1993年考研英语试题及参考答案（1）
1. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printedC. must be printedD. should be printed2. The local health organization is reported ____ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.A. to be set upB. being set upC. to have been set upD. having been set up3. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _____ for.A. be demonstratingB. demonstrateC. had been demonstratingD. have demonstrated4. Ted had told me that he always escapes ____ as he has got a very fast sport car.A. to fineB. to be finedC. being finedD. having been fined5. More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.A. previouslyB. predominantlyC. practicallyD. permanently6. Prof. Lee's book will show you ___ can be used in other contexts.A. that you have observedB. that how you have observedC. how that you have observedD. how what you have obs4erved7. All fights ______ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.A. were canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having been canceled8. The new secretary has written a remarkably ____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A. conciseB. clearC. preciseD. elaborate9. With prices ___ so much, it's hard for the company to plan a budget.A. fluctuatingB. wavingC. swingingD. vibrating10. Expert say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ___ healthy.A. preserveB. stayC. maintainD. reserve11. Expected noises are usually more ___ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.A. manageableB. controllableC. tolerableD. perceivable12. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works ___.A. above allB. in allC. at allD. after all13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees ___ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.A. onB. withC. toD. in14. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.A. makes up forB. adds up toC. comes up withD. puts up with15. A really powerful speaker can ____ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.A. work outB. work overC. work atD. work up16. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.A. toB. aboutC. inD. for17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes form the ______ of maturity.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. accomplishment18. From the tears in Nedra's eyes we can deduce that something sad ____.A. must have occurredB. would have occurredC. might be occurringD. should occur19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don't mind taking the night train.A. providedB. unlessC. thoughD. until20. Hardly a month goes by without ___ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific among U.S. citizens.A. wordsB. a wordC. the wordD. word21. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.A. shouldn't contactB. didn't contactC. weren't to contactD. hadn't contacted22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ____ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A. deprivesB. restrictsC. rejectsD. denies23. I must go now. ___ , if you want that book I'll bring it next time.A. IncidentallyB. AccidentallyC. OccasionallyD. Subsequently24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, _____ they can limit how much water you drink.A. much more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. any more than25. Though ___ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record , the plain facts of small-town life.A. raisedB. grownC. developedD. cultivated26. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____ manufactured for such purposes , are tightly packed.A. that areB. as areC. which isD. it is27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ___ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. such28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious ____ without scientific basic.A. processB. practiceC. procedureD. program29. We cannot always ____ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.A. hang onB. count on C, hold on D. come on30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ____ of vegetables in the coming days.A. rarityB. scarcityC. invalidityD. variety。
1993考研英语阅读详解
What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially,
the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother
tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here.
hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.
1993年考研英语1真题
1993年考研英语1真题Section I Structure and V ocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)1.The board deemed it urgent that these files 1 right away.[A]Had to be printed.[B]Should have been printed.[C]Must be printed.[D]Should be printed2.The local health organization is reported 2 twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audonbecame its first president.[A]To be set up.[B]Being set up.[C]To have been set up.[D]Having been set up.3.The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers 3 for.[A]Be demonstrating.[B]Demonstrate.[C]Had been demonstrating.[D]Have demonstrated.4.Ted has told me that he always escapes 4 as get has got as very fast sports car.[A]To fine.[B]To be fined.[C]Being fined.[D]Having been fined.5.More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, 5 in SanFrancisco.[A]Previously.[B]Predominantly.[C]Practically.[D]Permanently.6.Prof. Lee’s book will show you 6 can be used in other contexts.[A]That you have observed.[B]That how you have observed.[C]How that you have observed.[D]How what you have observed.7.All flights 7 because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.[A]Were canceled.[B]Had been canceled.[C]Having canceled.[D]Having been canceled.8.The new secretary has written a remarkably 8 report only in a few pages but withall the details.[A]Concise.[C]Precise.[D]Elaborate.9.With prices 9 so much, it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.[A]Fluctuating.[B]Waving.[C]Swinging.[D]Vibrating.10.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to 10 healthy.[A]Preserve.[B]Stay.[C]Maintain.[D]Reserve.11.Expected noises are usually more 11 than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.[A]Manageable.[B]Controllable.[C]Tolerable.[D]Perceivable.12.It isn’t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works 12 .[A]Above all[B]In all[C]At all[D]After all13.There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees13 what constitutes a benefit to an individual.[E]On[F]With[G]To[H]in14.all the information we have collected in relation to that case 14 very little.[A]Makes up for.[B]Adds up to.[C]Comes up with.[D]Puts up with.15.A really powerful speaker can 15 feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.[A]Work out.[B]Work over.[C]Work at.[D]Work up.16.Before the students set off, the spent much time setting a limit 16 the expenses of thetrip.[A]To.[B]About.[C]In.17.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the 17 of maturity.[A]Fulfillment.[B]Achievement.[C]Establishment.[D]Accomplishment.18.From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad 18 .[A]Must have occurred.[B]Would have occurred.[C]Might be occurring.[D]Should occur.19.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting 19 you don’t mind taking the night train.[A]Provided.[B]Unless.[C]Though.[D]Until.20.Hardly a month goes by without 20 of another survey revealing new depths of scientificilliteracy among U. S. citizens.[A]Words.[B] A word.[C]The word.[D]Word.21.It you 21 Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right wasstrange.[A]Shouldn’t contact.[B]Didn’t contact.[C]Weren’t to contact.[D]Hadn’t contacted.22.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which 22 them therights and privilege of adults, although physically they are mature.[A]Deprives.[B]Restricts.[C]Rejects.[D]Denies.23.I must go now, 23 , if you want th at book I’ll bring it next time.[A]Incidentally.[B]Accidentally.[C]Occasionally.[D]Subsequently24.There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, 24 they can limithow much water you drink.[A]Much more than.[B]No more than.[C]No less than.[D]Any more than.25.Though 25 in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plan factsof small-town life.[A]Raised.[B]Grown.[C]Developed.[D]Cultivated.26.Most electronic devices of this kind, 26 manufactured for such purposes, are tightlypacked.[A]That are.[B]As are.[C]Which is.[D]It is.27.As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of 27 furnace fuel isallowed saved for the dawn.[A]What.[B]That.[C]Which.[D]Such.28.Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious28 without scientific basic.[A]Process.[B]Practice.[C]Procedure.[D]Program.29.We cannot always 29 the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they canalso be driven by water.[A]Hang on.[B]Count on.[C]Hold on.[D]Come on.30.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause 30 of vegetables in the comingdays.[A]Rarity.[B]Scarcity.[C]Invalidity.[D]VarietySection II Reading ComprehensionPart AEach of passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answer marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (30 points)Text 1Is language, like fond, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage had passed.Experts suggest that speech are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 word which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀学语), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitively of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31.The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was.[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak.[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech.[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak.[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language.32.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that.[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly.[B] they are exposed to too much language at once.[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak.[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them.33.What is exceptional remarkable about a child is that.[A] he is born with the capacity to speak.[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s[C] he can produce his own sentences.[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing.34.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A] the faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C] the child’s brain is highly selective.[D] most children learn their language in definite stages.35.If a child starts to speak later than others, he will in future.[A] have a high IQ.[B] be less intelligent.[C] be insensitive to verbal signals.[D] not necessarily be backward.Text 2In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; ye t all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it, in fact, the blue- and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a jog; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again – by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. this constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities – those of love and of reason – are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.36.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is .[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible.[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society.[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioningsmoothly.[D] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly.37.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that.[A] they are likely to lose their jobs.[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life.[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence.[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence.38.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those.[A] who are at the bottom of the society.[B] who are higher up in their social status.[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitions.[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world.39.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors.[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees.[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities.[D] take the fundamental realities for granted.40.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of.[A] approval.[B] dissatisfaction.[C] suspicion.[D] tolerance.TEXT 3When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which in the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances in the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of event.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding viola tion of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent, likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyo ne closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behindtelevision originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.41.The passage is mainly about.[A] an approach to patents.[B] the application for patents.[C] the use of patents.[D] the access to patents.42.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] when a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.[B] it is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.[C] a patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.[D] one can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patentoffice.43.George Velensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because.[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time.[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time.[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes.[D] the colour TV receiver was not available until that time.44.The word “plagiarize” (Line 8, Para 5) most probably means.[A] steal and use.[B] give reward to.[C] make public.[D] take and change.45.From the passage we learn that.[A] an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice.[B] products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago.[C] it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one.[D] patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through deadpatents.Section III Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (15 points)Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be 46 in a single large building.The important of interior design becomes 47 when we realize how much time we 48 surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be49 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 50 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 51 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 52 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 53 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 54 is the function of the particular 55 . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poorsound-shaping qualities, and 56 few entries and exits will not work for 57 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 58 . nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 59 . He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 60 addition, the designers must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.46.A. consisted B. contained C. composed D. comprised47.A. obscure B. attractive C. appropriate D. evident48.A. spend B. require C. settle D. retain49.A. so B. as C. thus D. such50.A. some B. any C. this D. each51.A. amused B. interested C. shocked D. frightened52.A. like B. for C. at D. into53.A. correct B. proper C. right D. suitable54.A. care B. concern C. attention D. intention55.A. circumstance B. environment C. surroundings D. space56.A. too B. quite C. a D. far57.A. their B. its C. those D. that58.A. painted B. covered C. ornamented D. decorated59.A. solutions B. conclusions C. decisions D. determined60.A. for B. in C. as D. withSection IV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) EXAMPLEA number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition which they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C] and write the correction “where” on the line.61.He cannot tell the difference between true praise and flattering statements making only to gainhis favor.62.They want to expose those educational disadvantaged students to creative, enrichingeducational experiences for a five-year period.63.The changes that took place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemedcompletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.64.I don’t think it advisable that he will be assigned to the job since he has no experiencewhatsoever.65.Beethoven, the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, most of them were writtenafter he had lost his hearing.66.Mr. Jankin regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was hisown fault.67.As for the influence of computerization, nowhere we have seen the result more clearly than inthe U. S., which really have surprised us all.68.At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and maganize advertisementsthan the writing of features and editorials.69.It is required by law that a husband have to pay the debts of wife until formal notice is giventhat he no longer has to pay her.70.Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university in the resultthat it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with themSection V English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)(71) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (72) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (73) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.(74) And it Is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-know incident in one of Moliere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (75) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.Section VI WritingDirections:[A]Title: advertisement ON TV[B]Time limit: 40 minutes[C]Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D]Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with thegiven opening sentence: “Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TVscreen.”[E]Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)OUTLINE:1.Present state2.Reasons3.My comments。
1993考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析
1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)1.The board deemed it urgent that these files________right away.[A]had to be printed[B]should have been printed[C]must be printed[D]should be printed2.The local health organization is reported________twenty-five years ago when Dr.Audonbecame its first president.[A]to be set up[B]being set up[C]to have been set up[D]having been set up3.The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers________for.[A]be demonstrating[B]demonstrate[C]had been demonstrating[D]have demonstrated4.Ted has told me that he always escapes________as he has got a very fast sports car.[A]to fine[B]to be fined[C]being fined[D]having been fined5.More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,________in SanFrancisco.[A]previously[B]predominantly[C]practically[D]permanently6.Prof.Lee’s book will show you________can be used in other contexts.[A]that you have observed[B]that how you have observed[C]how that you have observed[D]how what you have observed7.All flights________because of the snowstorm,we decided to take the train.[A]were canceled[B]had been canceled[C]having canceled[D]having been canceled8.The new secretary has written a remarkably________report only in a few pages but withall the details.[A]concise[B]clear[C]precise[D]elaborate9.With prices________so much,it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.[A]fluctuating[B]waving[C]swinging[D]vibrating10.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to________healthy.[A]preserve[B]stay[C]maintain[D]reserve11.Expected noises are usually more________than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.[A]manageable[B]controllable[C]tolerable[D]perceivable12.It isn’t so much whether he works hard;the question is whether he works________.[A]above all[B]in all[C]at all[D]after all13.There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees________what constitutes a benefit to an individual.[A]on[B]with[C]to[D]in14.All the information we have collected in relation to that case________very little.[A]makes up for[B]adds up to[C]comes up with[D]puts up with15.A really powerful speaker can________the feelings of the audience to the fever ofexcitement.[A]work out[B]work over[C]work at[D]work up16.Before the students set off,they spent much time setting a limit________the expenses ofthe trip.[A]to[B]about[C]in[D]for17.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud,wisdom comes from the________ofmaturity.[A]fulfillment[B]achievement[C]establishment[D]accomplishment18.From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad________.[A]must have occurred[B]would have occurred[C]might be occurring[D]should occur19.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting________you don’t mind taking the nighttrain.[A]provided[B]unless[C]though[D]until20.Hardly a month goes by without________of another survey revealing new depths ofscientific illiteracy among U.S.citizens.[A]words[B]a word[C]the word[D]word21.If you________Jerry Brown until recently,you’d think the photograph on the right wasstrange.[A]shouldn’t contact[B]didn’t contact[C]weren’t to contact[D]hadn’t contacted22.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society,which________them therights and privileges of adults,although physically they are mature.[A]deprives[B]restricts[C]rejects[D]denies23.I must go now.________,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.[A]Incidentally[B]Accidentally[C]Occasionally[D]Subsequently24.There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,________they can limithow much water you drink.[A]much more than[B]no more than[C]no less than[D]any more than25.Though________in San Francisco,Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plainfacts of small-town life.[A]raised[B]grown[C]developed[D]cultivated26.Most electronic devices of this kind,________manufactured for such purposes,are tightlypacked.[A]that are[B]as are[C]which is[D]it is27.As for the winter,it is inconvenient to be cold,with most of________furnace fuel isallowed saved for the dawn.[A]what[B]that[C]which[D]such28.Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious________without scientific basic.[A]process[B]practice[C]procedure[D]program29.We cannot always________the wind,so new windmills should be so designed that theycan also be driven by water.[A]hang on[B]count on[C]hold on[D]come on30.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause________of vegetables in thecoming days.[A]rarity[B]scarcity[C]invalidity[D]varietySection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(30points)Text1Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century,it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year.But clearly there was more than lack of language here.What was missing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words.At three he knows about1,000words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is specialabout man’s brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a toy-bear with the sound pattern“toy-bear.”And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling(咿呀学语),grasping and smiling,and responds to them.Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31.The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was________.[A]to prove that children are born with the ability to speak[B]to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech[C]to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak[D]to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language32.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that________.[A]they are incapable of learning language rapidly[B]they are exposed to too much language at once[C]their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak[D]their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33.What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that________.[A]he is born with the capacity to speak[B]he has a brain more complex than an animal’s[C]he can produce his own sentences[D]he owes his speech ability to good nursing34.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A]The faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B]Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C]The child’s brain is highly selective.[D]Most children learn their language in definite stages.35.If a child starts to speak later than others,he will in future________.[A]have a high IQ[B]be less intelligent[C]be insensitive to verbal signals[D]not necessarily be backwardText2In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,well-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and“human-relations”experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence.From that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century“free enterprise”capitalism?Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end,and should be prevented from ruling man.36.By“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is________.[A]a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible[B]working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C]an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society,though functioningsmoothly[D]a humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly37.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that________.[A]they are likely to lose their jobs[B]they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C]they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D]they are deprived of their individuality and independence38.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those________.[A]who are at the bottom of the society[B]who are higher up in their social status[C]who prove better than their fellow-competitors[D]who could keep far away from this competitive world39.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should________.[A]resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B]offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C]enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D]take the fundamental realities for granted40.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of________.[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction[C]suspicion[D]toleranceText3When an invention is made,the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it,keep the idea secret,or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state,by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly(垄断)and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi;his1939patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until1971because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated,the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and,if older than half a century,sometimes even re-patent.Indeed,patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a deadpatent.Likewise,because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea,it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print.Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most“new”ideas are,in fact,as old as the hills.It is their reduction to commercial practice,either through necessity or dedication,or through the availability of new technology,that makes news and money.The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to1886.Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late19th and early20th century.Even the V olkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a1904patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.41.The passage is mainly about________.[A]an approach to patents[B]the application for patents[C]the use of patents[D]the access to patents42.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A]When a patent becomes out of effect,it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.[B]It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his inventionpublic.[C]A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.[D]One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patentoffice.43.George Valensi’s patent lasted until1971because________.[A]nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time[B]his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time[C]there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes[D]the colour TV receiver was not available until that time44.The word“plagiarize”(Line8,Para.5)most probably means“________.”[A]steal and use[B]give reward to[C]make public[D]take and change45.From the passage we learn that________.[A]an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice[B]products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago[C]it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one[D]patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through deadpatentsSection III Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C], and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(15points)Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent.Interior designers have become important partlybecause of the many functions that might be大46家in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes大47家when we realize how much time we 大48家surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors,we want our surroundings to be大49家attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect 大50家place to be appropriate to its use.You would be大51家if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look大52家the inside of a restaurant.And you wouldn’t feel大53家in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic大54家is the function of the particular大55家.For example,a theater with poor sight lines,poor sound-shaping qualities,and大56家few entries and exits will not work for大57家purpose,no matter how beautifully it might be大58家.Nevertheless,for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of大59家.He or she must coordinate theshapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor.大60家addition,the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture,according to the functions that need to be served.46.[A]consisted[B]contained[C]composed[D]comprised47.[A]obscure[B]attractive[C]appropriate[D]evident48.[A]spend[B]require[C]settle[D]retain49.[A]so[B]as[C]thus[D]such50.[A]some[B]any[C]this[D]each51.[A]amused[B]interested[C]shocked[D]frightened52.[A]like[B]for[C]at[D]into53.[A]correct[B]proper[C]right[D]suitable54.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention55.[A]circumstance[B]environment[C]surroundings[D]space56.[A]too[B]quite[C]a[D]far57.[A]their[B]its[C]those[D]that58.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated59.[A]solutions[B]conclusions[C]decisions[D]determinations60.[A]For[B]In[C]As[D]WithSection IV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Then,without altering the meaning of thesentence,write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) EXAMPLE:A number ofA foreign visitors were takenBto the industrial exhibition whichCthey sawDmany new products.Answer[C]is wrong because the sentence should read,“A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.”So you should choose[C] and write the correction“where”on the line.Sample Answer[A][B][●][D]where61.He cannot tell the difference between trueA praise and flatteringBstatements makingConlyto gainDhis favor.62.They want to expose those educationalA disadvantaged students to creative,enrichingBeducational experiencesC for a five-yearDperiod.63.The changes that tookA place in air travel duringBthe last sixty years would have seemedCcompletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists atDthe turn of the19th century.64.I don’t think itA advisable that he will be assignedBto the job since he has noCexperiencewhatsoeverD.65.Beethoven,the great musician,wroteAnine symphonies in his life,most of themwere writtenB after he had lostChis hearingD.66.Mr.Jankin regretted to blameA his secretary forBthe mistake,forChe later discoveredDitwas his own fault.67.As forA the influence of computerization,nowhere we have seenBthe results more clearlythan in the U.S.C ,which really have surprisedDus all.68.At timesA ,more care goes intoBthe composition of newspaper and magazine advertisementsthan the writingC of featuresDand editorials.69.It is required by law that a husband have to payA the debts of his wife untilBformal notice isgiven thatC he no longer has to pay herD.70.OverA the years,a large number of overseas students have studiedBat that universityin the resultC that it hasDacquired substantial experience in dealing with them.Section V English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15points)(71)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.There is no more difference,but there is just the same kind of difference,between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales,and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.(72)It is not that the scales in the one case,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better,perhaps,if I give you some familiar examples.(73)You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.(74)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.To hear all these large words,you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men;but if you will not be frightened by terms,you will discover that you are quite wrong,and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere’s plays,where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose(散文)during the wholeof his life.In the same way,I trust that you will take comfort,and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.(75)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning,of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.Section VI WritingDirections:[A]Title:ADVERTISEMENT ON TV[B]Time limit:40minutes[C]Word limit:120-150words(not including the given opening sentence)[D]Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with thegiven opening sentence:“Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TVscreen.”[E]Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)OUTLINE:1.Present state2.Reasons3.My comments1993年考研英语真题答案Section I:Structure and Vocabulary(15points)1.[D]2.[C]3.[C]4.[C]5.[B]6.[D]7.[D]8.[A]9.[A]10.[B]11.[C]12.[C]13.[A]14.[B]15.[D]16.[A]17.[B]18.[A]19.[A]20.[D]21.[D]22.[D]23.[A]24.[D]25.[A]26.[B]27.[A]28.[A]29.[B]30.[B] Section II:Reading Comprehension(30points)31.[B]32.[C]33.[C]34.[B]35.[D]36.[C]37.[D]38.[D]39.[C]40.[B]41.[D]42.[C]43.[B]44.[A]45.[A] Section III:Cloze Test(15points)46.[B]47.[D]48.[A]49.[B]50.[D]51.[C]52.[A]53.[C]54.[B]55.[D]56.[A]57.[B]58.[D]59.[C]60.[B] Section IV:Error-detection and Correction(10points)61.[C]made62.[A]educationally63.[A]have taken64.[B](should)be assigned65.[B]written66.[A]having blamed67.[B]have we seen68.[C]into the writing69.[D]to pay them70.[C]with the resultSection V:English-Chinese Translation(15points)71.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。
92、93年考研翻译英译汉试题
1992年考研翻译英译汉试题“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. (71)There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily，make distinctions，reason logically，and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for lea rning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character，social adjustment，physical endurance，manual skills，or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. (72)To criticise it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.(73)Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best，the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do，and the intellectual ability to do it. (74)The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable，and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies，of course，in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. (75)On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1992年考研翻译英译汉参考译文(全文翻译)智力充其量只是一个假设性的概念，因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。
1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
1993年试题与分析Section ⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be ___1___in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we __3_ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 6 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon beco mes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 11 few entries and exits will not work for 12 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 13 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 14 _. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 15 _addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised2. [A] obscure [B] attractive [C] appropriate [D] evident3. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain4. [A] so [B] as [C] thus [D] such5. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D] each6. [A] amused [B] interested [C] shocked [D] frightened7. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into8. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D] suitable9. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention10. [A] circumstance [B] environment [C] surroundings [D] space11. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D] far12. [A] their [B] its [C] those [D] that13. [A] painted [B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated14. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations15. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] with一、文章大意首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。
1993年考研翻译真题
1993年考研翻译真题精解71．The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. 结构分析：分号相当于汉语的句号，因此整个句子分为两个分句，第一个句子的主语是the method of scientific investigation，谓语是is，nothing but 是个短语，意思为“只不过，仅仅”，the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind是个固定名词短语，其核心成分是expression_r_r，它后面接了很长的介词短语做其后置定语，翻译时由后面往前面翻译，第二个句子的主语是it （指代前面的the method），by which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词mode，定语从句里的主语是all phenomena，从句的谓语用了两个并列的被动语态。
参考译文：科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动必要的表达方式，这一科学方法也仅仅是对一切现象进行推理并给以精确而严谨解释的那种方式。
测试点：后置定语和定语从句；固定短语；名词短语；举一反三：“名词+介词+名词+介词”是个翻译必考的短语，这个短语的核心成分是最先出现的名词或并列名词，翻译时要求由后面往前面翻，希望广大考生特别注意。
72．There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult andcomplex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. It is not that the scales in the one case，and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.结构分析：逗号相当于句号。
1993年英语考研真题与解析
答案解析1.［答案］D［注释］句中it是形式宾语，urgent是形容词，作宾补，that从句是宾语从句。
与urgent有关的从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是(should)+动词原形。
类似的形容词有：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,important,imperative,necessary,possible,probable,strange,natural,preferable,vital等。
2.［答案］C［注释］is reported后可接不定式作主语补足语，不接现在分词或动名词，所以首先排除［B］，［D］。
句中有twenty five years ago这一状语，表明不定式的动作是已经发生了的动作，所以应该用不定式的完成式。
3.［答案］C［注释］that引导的从句是demands的定语从句。
主句中谓语动词用了一般过去时listened;时间状语中的谓语read也是一般过去时，所以根据意思，定语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成进行时。
有不少考生选择［B］，那是错误地认为that从句是宾语从句，他们认为从句中的动词是省略了should的虚拟语气。
4.［答案］C［注释］动词escape后要接动名词作宾语，不用不定式，［A］，［B］可以首先排除。
因为escapes 前面有状语always修饰，所以用动名词的一般式，being fined是动名词一般式的被动式。
5.［答案］B［注释］predominantly 是“主要地”。
［A］previously 是“原先，以前”；［C］practically 是“实际上”；［D］permanently 是“永久地，永远地”。
6.［答案］D［注释］how是连接副词，引导宾语从句。
how后的what是关系代词型的what=the thing which。
what you have observed是宾语从句中的主语从句。
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1993 Text 1Paragraph 11、Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?语言是否像食物一样，是人类的基本需要呢?没有语言，在生命的关键时刻孩子是否会挨饿呢?孩子的身体是否受损呢?1.1 basic英/'beɪsɪk/ 美/'beɪsɪk/n. 基础；要素adj. 基本的；基础的1.2 starved英/stɑːvd/ 美/stɑ:vd/adj. （等于starving）饥饿的饥饿1.3 starve英/stɑːv/ 美/stɑrv/vi. 饿死；挨饿；渴望vt. 使饿死；使挨饿2、Judging from the drastic experiment of FrederickⅠin the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.从13世纪弗里德里克一世所做的大量实验中得出判断，情况也许就是如此。
为了发现婴儿在听不到母语的情况下会讲什么语言，他要求保育员保持沉默。
2.1 drastic英/'dræstɪk; 'drɑː-/ 美/'dræstɪk/n. 烈性泻药adj. 激烈的；猛烈的(大量的)2.2 tongue英/tʌŋ/ 美/tʌŋ/n. 舌头；语言vt. 舔；斥责；用舌吹vi. 说话；吹管乐器Paragraph 21、All the infant s died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. 所有婴儿在一年之内都死了。
不过很显然，这里缺乏的不仅仅是语言，还缺乏的是伟大的母爱。
1.1 infant英/'ɪnf(ə)nt/ 美/'ɪnfənt/n. 婴儿；未成年人adj. 婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的；未成年的1.2 more than英/mɔːðæn/ 美/mɔr ðæn/多于；超出；比……多;不仅仅2、Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.没有好的母爱，生存能力，特别是在生命的第一年，会受到严重的影响。
2.1 capacity英/kə'pæsɪtɪ/ 美/kə'pæsəti/n. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力Paragraph 31、Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. 今天，当初弗里德里克所要求的那种严重缺乏的情况已不复存在。
然而，一些孩子的语言表现仍然迟钝。
1.1 lack英/læk/ 美/læk/n. 缺乏；不足vt. 缺乏；不足；没有；需要vi. 缺乏；不足；没有1.1.1 The school suspended for lack of finances. 那所学校因经费不足而暂时停办。
1.1.2 Lack of food and supplies caused disaffection among the soldiers. 食物和补给的不足造成士兵的不满。
Her eyes were puffed from lack of sleep. 她因睡眠不足而双眼浮肿。
1.2 nevertheless英/nevəðə'les/ 美/,nɛvɚðə'lɛs/conj. 然而，不过adv. 然而，不过；虽然如此1.3 backward英/'bækwəd/ 美/'bækwɚd/adj. 向后的；反向的；发展迟缓的adv. 向后地；相反地2、Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.其原因往往是母亲对婴儿大脑已作好快速学习语言准备所发出的信号不敏感。
2.1 rapidly英/'ræpɪdlɪ/ 美/'ræpɪdli/adv. 迅速地；很快地；立即3、If these sensitive periods are neglect ed, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. 如果这些敏感时期被忽略，或获取技能的理想阶段被错过，那么，这些婴儿就可能再也不会如此简单地学习了。
3.1 neglect英/nɪ'glekt/ 美/nɪ'glɛkt/n. 疏忽，忽视；怠慢vt. 疏忽，忽视；忽略3.2 ideal英/aɪ'dɪəl; aɪ'diːəl/ 美/aɪ'diəl/n. 理想；典范adj. 理想的；完美的；想象的；不切实际的4、A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.鸟在适当的时机很快学会唱歌与飞翔，然而，一旦错过关键时期，这一学习过程就会既缓慢又艰难。
4.1 critical英/'krɪtɪk(ə)l/ 美/'krɪtɪkl/adj. 鉴定的；[核] 临界的；批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的Paragraph 41、Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. 专家们认为，不同语言阶段的发展是按固定的顺序和年龄实现的，但是，在某些情况下，开始说话较晚的婴儿长大后却有较高的智商。
1.1 fixed英/fɪkst/ 美/fɪkst/adj. 确定的；固执的；<美口>处境...的；准备好的in a fixed sequence 在一个固定的序列at a constant age在恒定的时候2、At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple command s; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. 12周时，婴儿会笑并会发出似元音的声音；12个月时，能讲出简单的词语，听懂简单的命令；18个月时，大约有词汇量3--50个。
2.1 vowel英/'vaʊəl/ 美/'vaʊəl/n. 元音；母音adj. 元音的3、At three he knows about l, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. 三岁时，大约认识1000个词，并能用这些词造句。
四岁时，其语言与父母的不同只表现在风格上而不是语法方面。
3.1Paragraph 51、Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. 最新资料表明，婴儿生来就具有说话的能力。
1.1 infant英/'ɪnf(ə)nt/ 美/'ɪnfənt/n. 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人adj. 婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的；未成年的2、What is special about man`s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear”. 与猴脑相比，人脑的特殊之处在于其复杂的系统。
这一复杂系统使婴儿把所见所感联系起来，比如，把玩具熊及其发音联系起来。
2.1 complex英/'kɒmpleks/ 美/ˈkɑmplɛks;kəmˈplɛks/n. 复合体；综合设施adj. 复杂的；合成的2.2 pattern英/'pæt(ə)n/ 美/ˈpætərn/n. 模式；图案；样品vt. 模仿；以图案装饰vi. 形成图案3、And even more incredible is the young brain`s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. 更令人难以相信的是婴儿从其周围杂乱的声音中识别语言顺序的能力，以及分析和按新的方式组合与重新组合语言要素的能力。