writing skill 写作技巧
Writing Skills 写作技能
Skproduct
●Levels of writing ● Audience
9.4 The written product
The distinction of traditional writing classes and current writing classes. • traditional writing classes: productoriented,sentence structure,spelling,word choice,paragraph construction. •current writing classes: genre,purpose and socio-cultural factors.
Here is a small selection of developing “discourse writing
• Providing a text to read as a model for a particular function . .parallel writing :并列结构中的成分必须结构相同，名词与名词相连，动 词与动词相连，从句与从句相连，比如both……..and….,either…or….,not only….but also… eg Popular exercises for men and women include aerobic dancing, weight lifters, and jogging. R: Popular exercises for men and women include aerobic dancing , weight lifting, and jogging Pre-writing tasks carried out in the classroom
Writing skills(本学期写作范文参考)
以下是我们本学期学过的writing skills，大家也都根据要求做了相应的写作练习。
在此做了一个总结，并附上范文，希望对大家考试的写作有所帮助。
Writing Skill OneHow to Develop an English Paragraph in Cause and Effect PatternA cause and effect paragraph generally follows a basic format. That is, it begins with a topic sentence and this sentence is followed by specific supporting details. For example, if the topic sentence introduces an effect, the supporting sentences all describe causes, and vice versaWords and Phrases That May Be Used in a Cause and Effect PragraphHere are some common words and phrases that can be used in a cause and effect paragraph:since as a result because of + noun phrasebecause therefore due to + noun phraseconsequently for this reason so（我们当时讲了Cause and Effect Pattern，写作练习是一篇有关personality的文章。
这里给出一篇其他主题的范文，主要看看如何运用这种写作模式。
）Write a Paragraph as RequiredDirections: Please write a paragraph on the topic Why Is Sb. in Good Health?Your paragraph should be written in cause and effect pattern, including a topicsentence, developing sentences and a concluding sentence.Sample WritingThere are several possible reasons why my father is in good health, even though he is over eighty years of age. For one thing, he is now in good condition because he has stopped smoking cigarettes. He quit smoking cigarettes because whenever he climbed stairs he would invariably stop several times and cough loudly. For another, his good health is also due to his cutting down on the wrong kinds of foods. For example, he used to eat fatty red meat and deep-fried dishes several times a week, but nowadays he seldom does so. What’s more, he is also in good shape as a result of his devotion to exercise. He swims three times a week at the local natatorium, and on sunny days he prefers to walk home rather than take the bus. Thus, my father is inbetter shape than some of his children are!Writing Skill TwoHow to Develop an English Paragraph by ListingA paragraph can be developed by listing, which, through a list of reasons, facts, ideas or even possibilities, illustrates or supports a general statement of a paragraph. The points should be listed according to the sequence of time and space and/or the degree of importance of the ideas.The transitional words frequently used in listing are: for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, one another, still another, first, second, also, etc.Write a Paragraph as RequiredDirections: Write a paragraph with the title The Unbright Side of City Life, which should be developed by listing.Sample WritingIn the eyes of many people, city life is attractive with all its advantages and convenience, yet they don't see the other side of the picture. First, with the expansion of the city, housing has become a serious problem for city people. Then, there is the problem of pollution: harmful gases from vehicles and poisonous water from factories pollute our surroundings; noise continually disturbs your peace and rest and drives you mad. Thirdly, modern city life puts a high pressure upon people; you have to hurry to and from work; you have to dodge (闪躲) in so as to avoid bumping into the flood of people, bicycles, cars, buses…; all day long you are under great stress. Fourthly, big cities also cause some social problems, of which high crime rate is the most serious one. People are justifiably in fear of becoming victims of burglary, robbery, murder and other crimes at any time. People living a city life have to thus find some ways to cope with all these problems.Writing Skill ThreeHow to Develop a Paragraph by Comparison and Contrast Developing a paragraph by comparison and/or contrast involves comparing and contrasting two subjects. A comparison shows how two things are alike. A contrast shows how two things are different.A comparison/contrast paragraph usually follows one of these two patterns: the subject-by-subject pattern or the point-by-point pattern.In the subject-by-subject pattern, the writer discusses the various aspects of one item before going to the other. While in the point-by-point pattern, the writer discusses both items under each of the various aspects compared/contrasted.Write a Paragraph as RequiredDirections: Write a comparison paragraph based on the topic −Winners and Losers;this paragraph will be organized in the subject-by-subject pattern. Sample WritingIt is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh, sing and dance to celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, however, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers cannot show their disappointment publicly. They cannot cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer privately, but they must be composed in public. They have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their sadness. Writing Skill FourHow to Develop a Paragraph in Problem-Solution Pattern The problem-solution pattern（解题法）is one of the most common patterns we adopt to develop a paragraph. It is especially useful in persuasive argumentations where you want to convince the readers that a problem exists and that your solution would solve, or at least alleviate, the problem. A paragraph in problem-solution pattern often starts by identifying a particular situation and then poses the problem (or problems)（提出问题）. Afterwards it proposes one or more solutions to cope with the problem (or problems)（解决问题）. In some cases, there may be an evaluation or comment on the solution (or solutions)（评价解决问题的方法）in the end of the paragraph.Write a Paragraph as RequiredDirections: Please choose a problem (or problems) for your own writing. Develop ashort paragraph with the problem-solution pattern. The following are afew examples of the problems you might consider.❖great pressure in life❖global pollution❖endangered species❖natural disasters❖misunderstanding between you and your parents / friends❖problems with the canteenSample WritingGreat Pressure in LifeAt present, more and more people are under great pressure in China. Heavy work demands and intense competition have piled enormous pressure on the individuals at different ages from all walks of life. (Problem)To cope with the huge pressure properly and effectively, people can begin with selecting a proper way for relaxation, such as doing some sports, listening to their favorite music, or pampering（纵容）themselves with a long warm bath. (Solution 1)Second, the over-high expectations leading to the strong strain must be lowered. (Solution 2)Third, people can make some new friends or chat with close friends so as to reduce the stress. (Solution 3) All of these can help people alleviate pressure in life to some extent. (Evaluation)。
writing techniques 写作技巧
Comparison and Contrast
When you compare things, you show their similarities; when you contrast things, you show their differences.
The couple: let him explore and enjoy himself The hotel staff: held his hand and taught him how to insert the key correctly
Part 2
Read the first sentence of Para.6 and Para.7, and decide what method of comparison and contrast is used one-side-at-a-time method
Grammatical Structures
whether it(he) be…or… --whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed… (line 52-53) be-型虚拟的一种，意为“不管（不论）是…还 是…”，表示让步，其省略结构为be it…, be he… or…等，必须倒装。如： Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerving support. Ex.Every day he takes a walk in the park in the whether it be fine or raining evening, _______________________materials/compco ntrast/ Medium: /acadwrite/comparco ntrast.html Difficult: /depts/wcweb/handouts/com parison_contrast.html For Fun: /sites/elementary/p almasola/comconprac3.htm
writing techniques英语基本写作技巧小结
Writing Techniques: 段落的连贯性：（1）总结、归纳类in a wordto some extent to sum up obviouslyon the whole in shortin a wayto concludeundoubtedlyin my viewin briefas a general rulethereforegenerally speakingin summery（2）比较、对比类on the contrary similarlyon the other hand however otherwisewhereaslike (+n.)equally importantin the same wayneverthelessunlike (+n.)in (sharp) contrast（3）举例、列举类for examplefirst, second, thirdwhat is morefor one thing, for another in addition last but not leastas an illustrationto begin withmoreoverfirst of allfor instancebesidesfurthermore(what is) more importantin the first place, in thesecond place（4）原因、结果类because (of) due tothussince on account ofowing tothereforeasfor this reasonas a result (of)consequentlyhence（5）让步类althoughit is true that…but in spite ofyet even thoughafter alldespitehoweveradmittedlyneverthelessgranted thatstillabove all surely needless to say most important of all(what is) even worse(there is) no doubtof coursein fact（6）强调类anywayparticularlyindeedmore often than notactuallyespecially（7）引言段的开头A proverb says…Just as the saying goes…It is often said that…As we all know,…As is known to all,…It is well known that…A recent survey indica tes/shows…Many people often ask this question, “…”Various views exist as to whether we should…It goes without saying that…Over the years…(主句用现在完成时)When it comes to…,It is generally/universally accepted /recognized /considered that…（8）发展段的开头It can be easily proved that…It is true that…No one can deny that…but the problem is not so simple…We must realize that…Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I believe that…Recent development in…indicates…A brief glance at…reveals that…Another key as pect of…is that…In contrast to…In most cases, however, (we)…As stated above…As mentioned above…Usually,…but…It can be roughly estimated that…On (the) one hand,…(But) on the other hand,…As far as…is (are) concerned,…Furthermore,…/ Moreover,…/ Besides,…In addition,…Despite (these limitations),…/ In spite of…（9）结尾段的开头Consequently…In summary,…All in all,…Based on the above mentioned, it can be concluded that…As a final comment, I should say that…Finally,…Hence,…It seems to me that the only possibility to do(of)...would be...Obviously the result is depend on (4)Thus, this is the very reason why…。
英语作文怎样提高写作技巧
英语作文怎样提高写作技巧How to Improve Writing Skills。
Writing is an essential skill that everyone should possess. Whether you are a student, a professional, or just someone who wants to express themselves better, improving your writing skills can be a game-changer. Here are some tips to help you become a better writer.1. Read more。
Reading is one of the best ways to improve your writing skills. The more you read, the more you will be exposed to different writing styles, vocabulary, and sentence structures. This will help you develop your own writing style and expand your vocabulary.2. Write every day。
The more you write, the better you will become. Setaside some time every day to write something, even if it's just a few sentences. This will help you get into the habit of writing and improve your writing skills over time.3. Practice grammar and punctuation。
如何提高写作能力英语作文
如何提高写作能力英语作文如何提高写作能力英语作文Improving Writing Skills in English Composition写作能力是英语学习中非常重要的一部分它不仅能够帮助我们更好地表达思想还能提高我们的沟通能力。
以下是一些提高英语写作能力的方法Writing skills are a crucial part of learning English as they not only help us express our thoughts better but also enhance our communication abilities. Here are some methods to improve your English writing skills1. 阅读广泛阅读是提高写作能力的基础。
通过阅读不同类型的书籍文章和报纸你可以学习到不同的写作风格和表达方式。
Read Extensively Reading is the foundation of improving writing skills. By reading a variety of books articles and newspapers you can learn different writing styles and expressions.2. 练习写作写作是一项需要不断练习的技能。
尝试写日记博客或者对某个话题发表你的观点。
Practice Writing Writing is a skill that requires constant practice. Try to write a diary blog or express your opinions on a certain topic.3. 学习语法语法是写作的规则。
掌握基本的语法规则可以帮助你写出更准确更流畅的句子。
Learn Grammar Grammar is the rule of writing. Mastering basic grammar rules can help you write more accurate and fluent sentences.4. 扩展词汇量丰富的词汇量可以使你的写作更加生动和有趣。
writing skill
一、高分作文标志：1、是否长短句交叉；2、是否会使用插入语；3、用词是否多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词；4、关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；5、句型使用是否准确、地道。
二、下面给出写好一篇作文的注意事项：1. 适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观的反映事实，句子开头不要总是用we/I（比如写结尾时不用we should pay attention to而用Attention should be paid to. ）举个经典结尾：It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approacheswere implemented by the service industry like that. By doing so, its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively.2. 善于使用插入语，比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
如however/therefore/for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词后，两边分别加上逗号。
比如说：Other individuals, however, take the attitude that...3. 一定要学会换词，换形象，具体的替换太宽泛的。
（考试中一般不要出现good, bad, many, thing, think, people, opinion等等）比如上面例子中，applicable替换proper, approaches替换ways, implement替换carry out, sharpen one's competitive edge替换enhance one's competitiveness(提高某物竞争力)Craze for Civil Service Examinations1. 现在有越来越多的大学毕业生报考公务员2. 引起此现象的原因3. 你的看法Every year hundreds of thousands of people in China take civil service exams conducted at various levels in the hope of becoming government employees. Among them, college graduates are a fast-growing force that can’t be ignored. The craze for being a civil servant is not limit ed to liberal arts majors, as it’s also gaining popularity among science and engineering students.In the final analysis, this growing trend among the youngsters is mainly attributable to two factors – ambitions and comforts. On one hand, many ambitious college graduates view these exams as a springboard to a higher social status, greater power and prestige, on which many of their other wishes rest. On the other, as being a civil servant generally means a as well stable income, enviable healthcare and pension programmes, as other comforts of life, it’s quitean appealing career option to many people, especially in this age of sluggish world economy.Personally, the desire to be a government official is beyond reproach, as the nation and the people do need an injection of new blood into the civil service sectors. The fresh-faced college graduates, armed with lofty ideals, new vision, and strong drive, are undoubtedly among the best candidatesJobs for Graduates1)大学生难找工作2)原因很多3)解决的办法SampleIt’s very hard for college graduates to find a job, of course harder to get an ideal job. In fact, many factors contribute to the unfavorable situation.First, more and more students can go to college because of the being fast improved high education of China. As a result, there are more graduates every year. However, job vacancies don’t increase that fast. More people, less food, which is the exact description of the hard condition. Second, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce. Third, because of the fast development of science, technology, economy, society and the interchange of different nations, all units have higher requirement of their employees, for example, stronger ability and higher degree.In addition to the factors above, there are still more which bring hardship for graduates to find jobs. Nevertheless, how to solve the problem is more important. It is a good idea for the graduates to learn more knowledge with a higher degree and to practice and improve theircapability of dealing with all kinds of situation, organization, having good terms with others and cooperative spirit. Besides, the government should try to and encourage all units to create more job vacancies for the college graduates. Of course, the graduates should have a proper attitude towards various jobs, but not always pursue those with higher payment.2010年作文预测——地震慰问信A Letter of Condolence慰问信中国青海玉树大地震灾害严重，已造成***多万人无家可归。
writing skill英文作文
writing skill英文作文英文：Writing skill is an essential ability that everyone should possess, especially for those who want to succeed in their academic or professional careers. In my opinion, there are several key points that one should keep in mind when it comes to improving writing skills.Firstly, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the purpose and audience of your writing. Different types of writing require different styles and tones, and it is important to tailor your writing accordingly. For example, if you are writing a formal report for your boss, you should use a professional tone and avoid using slang or colloquial expressions.Secondly, practicing writing regularly is the key to improving your writing skills. Whether it is writing adaily journal or participating in online writing forums,the more you write, the better you will become. It is also important to seek feedback from others, such as peers or teachers, to help you identify areas for improvement.Lastly, it is important to pay attention to the mechanics of writing, such as grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Even the most well-written piece can be undermined by careless errors. Therefore, it is important to proofread your writing carefully and use resources such as grammar checkers to help you identify and correct mistakes.中文：写作能力是每个人都应该具备的一项重要技能，特别是对于那些希望在学术或职业生涯中取得成功的人来说。
培养良好的写作技巧DEVELOPING GOOD WRITING SKILLS
DEVELOPING GOOD WRITING SKILLSHow Reading Can Help You Write“If you want to write well…read,read,and then read some more.Read good writing .Read bad writing.Learn to know the difference.Note for simplicity of style:noun,verb,object;noun,verb,object.It worked for Hemingway,who often said that his ultimate goal was to creat the perfect sentence.Read some Hemingway,and not just his novels,but some of his early newspaper writing.There’s never been better news and feature writing ,ever.When you read the works of these and other fine writers,notice the simplicity of their language and how they vary their sentence structure and length.Some sentences number two or three words;others run an entire paragraph.There are countless tips on writing well,but I leave you with this one:read first,then write.”-By Bill ReadLearn To Write Well“Writing can be a drag…especially if you don’t think you’re very good at it.It’s a skill,however,that you need to develop in order to be competitive in today’s society.While you’re a student,take the time to learn to write well.Take more than required English and writing courses.I’d be willing to bet you’ll find these classes to be quite valuable when you try to find and keep a job after graduation.And don’t worry if you end up having trouble in these classes.You can always enlist the help of the good folks at the Writing Center.And one more thing…a good way to practice your writing without the stress of a grade hanging over your head,is to take part in extre-curricular activities that involve writing. ”-By Emily SinsabaughWriting a paper or Researching an Assignment?Start Early“Let’s face it.We are all afraid of writing papers.We procrastinate until the night before that essay or research assignment is due.We then write as the night passes in the hope that some sort of last-minute inspiration will light down from the heavens,the clouds will dissipate and the sun will poke its head above the horizon,and the rivers will gush forth those wonderfully profound ideas that have hidden themselves in thedarkness.Beautifully as all this sounds,it does not happen without a great deal of advance preparation.What does happen is that we often compose into the wee hours of the morning,and as the clock ticks on,we get progressively tired—so tired that we do a sloppy jib.We forget to proofread,or when we do we are so tired of the paper that we can not see convoluted ideas,faulty reasoning,and missing commas.We submit the paper with a prayer and hope for the best.And when we get that unsatisfavtory grade,we vow that we will NEVER again put things off until the last minute.How do we accomplish this?I have several suggestions:1.Get started on the paper the day that it is assigned.This dosen’t mean that one actually start writing the paper but rather it means that you at least think about the topic.Take a small pad of paper so that you can jot down ideas.Keep a journal that you can draw upon for that interesting perspective toward the topic.2.Start writing the rough draft at least a week before the assignment is due.In this way,you leace yourself plenty of time to walk away from the paper when the going gets tough.Often,a short break—a trip to the snack shop,or a game of PacMan—will clear your mind so that you can begin to write again.3.Seek help for writing.It is often important that we talk our ideas out before we can get them clearly on paper.Important to this process is a basic knowledge of those who will read your paper.What do they already know?What do they need to know?What terms or concepts do you need to explain?What connections do you need to make?A conference with a writing tutor can often help you to clarify those issues.If you cannot get ideas down on paper,bring your notes and talk your ideas out with the tutors so thar you can get concepts down clearly on the page.If you can’t tell a comma from a semicolon,have the tutor help you sort out those trickly rules of grammar.Writing tutors can help you out at any point in the research snd writing process.Writing need not be a terrible agonizing process,and you need not write papers the night before.Hopefully,thinking about the paper right away,getting a draft written at least before,and getting help in the Center for Writing will get you that good gread next time you have to write a paper.”-By Bob HoldererThe Rest of the Story“I used to think that successful writers must be naturally gifted creatures who always managed to get everything right the first time.That’s why I’d lie to friends in colldge when they asked me hou much time I’d spend on a paper.“An hour or so,?”I’d shrug—when really it was more like ten.It wasn’t until years later that Ilearned even geniuses like Virginia Woolf and Ernest Hemingway spent incredible amounts of time writing and rewriting and polishing their work.So take a tip from geniuses and nongeniuses alike.When you know you’ve got a writing project due,start early.Don’t think of your trash can as an enemy,but as a hungry pet that likes to be fed regularly.Then take what’s left—the good stuff—polish it up like a genie’s lamp,and sit back and hope for what all writers hope for:a magical connection with your resder.”-By Russell ChamberlainHip Hop to the Writing Lab“The writing lab is where you go for success.Success equals”A’s”and I’m alright with that.The writing lab is where I go to succeed.Develop papers that will meet the teachers need.They will critique and help you form a thesis that is sweet.Develop structure in your paper.Bring your skills to peak,so don’t procrastinate.Don’t debate.Just go to the lab to correct your mistakes on the grammatical tip their crew is tight.So don’t worry about failure,because that’s no where in sight.so use the facilitise and you’ll be a writing skill master just wait and see.”-By Richard SnowWriting Skill“Read choose anything,but read something.Keeping a focus on the way others conform words in a sentence.Start keeping a daily calendar so you don’t forget theassignments’ due and other events that could be an issue if not reviewing your material.Write constantly,in doing this you keep your skills in writing on top shape.An ezercise fou the mind and vocabulary skills intact.”翻译：培养良好的写作技巧阅读有益于写作如果你想写作的更好，阅读，阅读，大量的阅读。
英语学术论文写作技巧academic writing skills(全英文版)
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
1) 2)
3) 4) …
1) 2)
3) Developing a focus Steps in getting started:
Choosing a topic Brainstorming ideas Narrowing the focus by asking yourself questions Establishing a working title which is flexible and developmental Choosing some of your sources by looking at journals, books and websites
6)
Task 3: Starting Project
Work on this project by answering the following questions, which are grouped under the three broad headings Introduction, Main body and Conclusion. First read the questions.
Task 1: What do students write? Essay Extended essay or project Report Thesis Dissertation Case study
Whatever form of extended writing students are expected to do, the process will usually involve the following steps: - gathering information from various sources; - organizing this information so that it appropriately answers the needs of the task that the writer has to complete; - planning the text; - drafting and redrafting the text until it communicates the information and ideas fully and clearly.
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英语写作中的常用句型汇总第一部分常用于引言段的句型的2类表达方式一、议论文常用句型1. It is a fact that….2. It is well-known that….3. There is no doubt that….4. I think that….5. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer….6. Some people say/believe/claim that….7. It is generally believed that….8. It is widely accepted that….9. It is argued/held that….10. While it is commonly believed that…, I believe….11. It can be concluded that….12. People’s views vary from person to person.二、图表作文常用句型1. The table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph /column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how….2. The graph provides some interesting data regarding….3. The data/statistics/figures can be interpreted as follows:4. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….5. As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table, ….6. It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram/figures that….7. The vertical/horizontal axis stands for….8. There was rapid/noticeable/great/sharp/steep/remarkable/slow/little/slight/gradual rise/increase/decrease/fall/decline/drop/change in development in ….9. The percentage remained steady/stable at….10. The figures stayed the same….11. The figures bottomed out/peaked at….12. The figures reached the bottom/a peak/a plateau during….第二部分常用于正文段的句型的4类表达方式一、A、B型作文段落常用句型和表达方式1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in….4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B….二、原因分析性段落常用的句型和表达方式1．There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones. 2．There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.3．Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.4．Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5．The reasons are as follows.三、因果推理性段落常用句型和表达方式1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot.3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we’ve learned a lot.4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, we’ve learned a lot.5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.四、举例型段落常用句型和表达方式1. Here is one more example.2. Take … for example.3. The same is true of….4. This offers a typical instance of….5. We may quote a common example of….6. Just think of….第三部分常用于结尾段的句型的3类表达方式一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型1．From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….2．Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that…. 3．Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that….4．All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that…5．From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that…6．To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that….7．In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is….8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that….9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that….10. It is believed that….二、表达个人观点的句型1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy.3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that….4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of… outweigh its advantages.5. In my opinion/view, we should….6. As for me, I….7. As I see it, ….8. From my point of view, ….9. Personally, I think….10. My view is that….11. I think/consider….12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of….第四部分英文写作中常用过渡词和句型过渡词在文章中发挥着连接上下文的作用，学会恰当地运用过渡词会使文章连贯、流畅。
1.常用于文章开始的过渡词语和句子(1)To begin with首先例：To begin with, smoking should be banned in public areas."首先，公共场所禁止吸烟。
"(2)Generally speaking一般地说，总体上说例：Generally speaking, it is the best policy to spend more money on libraries."总的说来，加大图书馆的投资是良策。