徐汇区2011.4二模试卷(配答案)
11-徐汇、金山区2011年高三化学二模试卷和答案
2010学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级化学学科学习能力诊断卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分） 2011.04说明：本卷分试题卷与答题卷两部分，请将正确答案写在答题卷上，写在试题卷上一律不给分。
本卷可能用到的相对平均原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 S-32 Na-23 K-39 Fe-56 Cu-64 I-127 一、选择题（每小题2分，共10分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
） 1．新型材料固体碳被称作“纳米泡沫”，纳米泡沫碳与金刚石的关系是A ．同系物B ．同分异构体C ．同位素D ．同素异形体 2．如果敞口放置下列各物质，其中不会变质的是A ．过氧化钠B ．氯化钠C ．漂白粉D ．新制氯水 3．下列化学用语正确的A ．I-131：I 7753B ．Cl -的结构示意图：C ．乙炔的结构简式：CHCHD ．Na 2S 的电子式：Na +Na4．下列说法正确的是A ．难失去电子的原子，易形成阴离子B ．只有化合物分子中才存在共价键C ．共价分子中所有原子都具有8电子稳定结构D ．含氧酸的组成中可以含有金属元素 5．书写热化学方程式要注明物质状态，原因是A ．具体说明反应的情况B ．说明反应条件C ．物质呈现的状态与反应热有关D ．物质呈现的状态与生成什么物质有关二、选择题（每小题3分，共36分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
）6．铝是金属元素，某同学认为铝也有一定的非金属性。
能支持该观点的下列描述是 A ．氢氧化铝能溶于强碱溶液 B ．铝片能与盐酸反应生成氢气 C ．氯化铝溶液显酸性 D ．铝能发生铝热反应7．为检验下列物质置于空气中是否已变质，所选试剂（括号内物质）不能达到目的的是 A ．FeCl 2溶液（KSCN ） B ．KOH （盐酸）C ．Na 2SO 3溶液（BaCl 2）D ．HCHO 溶液（石蕊试液） 8．下列除杂质（括号内为杂质）的方法正确的是A ．己烷（己烯）：加入溴水，分液B ．硝酸钾（氯化钠）：浓溶液降温结晶C ．Fe 3+（Al 3+)）：过量的氨水，过滤D ．CO 2（CO ）：点燃9．在高压下将CO 2可以转化为具有类似SiO 2结构的原子晶体。
2011上海市徐汇区英语二模试卷
徐汇区2011年第二学期九年级第二次质量调研考试英语试卷第一部分听力略Ⅴ. Choose the best answer31. Please take the precious glass there with ________ great care. I don't want it to be broken.A)a B) an C) the D）/32. --The scarf on the desk is so nice. Is it Shirley's?--Oh, no. Look! ________ is on the bed.A)She B) Her C) Hers D）Herself33. Don't worry! You will get on well ________your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.A) at B)of C) with D）in34. Jim, you aren't allowed to carry ________ luggage in the airport when you go to London by plane.A) many B) much C) few D）little35. --Which would you prefer, a pear or an apple, Jenny?--______. An orange, please.A) Both B) Either C) Neither D）None36. We don't have lots of homework now and our school bags are not as ________as they used to be.A) heavy B) heavier C) much heavier D）the heaviest37. After Jason ran for a long time yesterday afternoon, he really felt________.A) quietly B) well C)surprised D）tired38. Last Spring Festival, many people still took the high-speed train home ________ it was expensive.A) if B) because C) when D）though39. Wendy's father wrote a famous novel, ________he won a place in history.A) so B) for C)but D）or40. We are told that the journalist ________a speech on teenage problems next Monday.A) makes B) will make C) is making D）has made41. My father and I ________ my grandparents in New York this time last year.A) visited B) are visiting C) had visited D）were visiting42. The company reported that it ________more than three million iPads by the end of last July.上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网A) sold B) will sell C) had sold D）have sold43. After the Japan's earthquake, a very big amount of money ________to help the people to rebuild their homes last month.A) is given B) was given C) will be given D）has been given44. Richard enjoys ________ magazines after he finishes his homework.A) read B) to read C) reading D）to reading45. The headmaster wanted the students ________more trees in the school garden on March12.A) plant B) to plant C) planted D）planting46. Don't talk to old people like that, Bill. We ________respect and be kind to them.A) can B) may C) must D）need47. ________beautiful piece of music! It's written by Jay Chou, a pop singer.A) How B) What C) What a D）What an48. I wondered_________.A) when the reading contest they would finishB) when the reading contest would they finishC) when they would finish the reading contestD）when would they finish the reading contest49. Jane went to a big shopping mall yesterday, and she bought a pair of ________shoes.A) enjoyable B) available C) changeable D）comfortable50. These rules are made to ________ accidents. Everybody should obey them.A) prefer B) predict C) pretend D）prevent51. He lives in a wealthy family with a magnificent art________, and he is very generous.A) collection B) competition C) congratulation D）conversation52. Please________ the word in the English-Chinese dictionary if you don't know it.A) look up B) take up C) put up D）give up53. Kitty said to her teacher that she had made up her mind to study chemistry well.The underlined part means "________".A)examined B) decided C) realized D）recognized54. Tony apologized to his friend for not replying to his E-mail immediately. The underlined part means"________".A) did harm to B) said sorry to C) complained about D）heard from55. ---Tom's parents bought a new house with a swimming pool last month.---________.A) It must be very expensive. B) It's hard to say.上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网C) Yes, I'm not quite sure. D）That's all right.56. ---Pollution in 2020 will probably be worse than today.---_______.A) I don't agree with you. Perhaps it's nice news.B) I'm sorry, but I think I want to be a volunteer.C) Maybe you're right, and you've done a wonderful job.D）You may be right, but I think it won't be a problem then.Ⅵ. Choose the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.57. It's a good habit for us to keep writing ________every day. (diary)58. If anyone phones me, ask for ________number so that I can call them back. (they)59. My family members are going to celebrate my grandmother's ________ birthday. (eighty)60. I think it's ________of you to make such a good decision. (wisdom)61. They arrived at the mountain village ________after a long hard journey. (safe)62. Nobody would like to make friends with ________persons. (honest)63. Catty has already accepted your ________to the concert. (invite)64. Would you please think out a way to ________the physics problem? ( solution)Ⅶ. Rewrite the following sentences as required.65. The boy has sports after school for an hour every day. (改为一般疑问句)________ the boy ________sports after school for an hour every day?66. The Grade Nine students will graduate from middle school in two months.(对划线部分提问)________ ________ will the Grade Nine students graduate from middle school?67. When Rose entered the classroom, her classmates were discussing something actively. (保持句意基本不变)When Rose ________ ________ the classroom, her classmates were discussing something actively.68. The words on the blackboard are so small that I can't see them clearly. (保持句意基本不变)The words on the blackboard are ________small for me________ see them clearly.69. Will Karen take part in Lucy's birthday party? Mr. Smith asked me.(改为一般宾语从句)Mr. Smith asked me ________ Karen ________take part in Lucy's birthday party.70. David threw away the old coats because he thought they were out of date.(改为被动语态)The old coats ________ ________away by David because he thought they were out of date.Part 3 Reading and Writing （第三部分读写）A. True or False （判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网表示）（7分）Hondorf is a music teacher. She has always made some money by giving piano lessons. She had a student named Robby. He was 11 years old when his mother took him to his first piano lesson. Hondorf thinks that students should begin at an earlier age，which she explained to Robby. But Robby said that it had always been his mother’s wish to hear him play the piano，so she took him as a student. But from the beginning Hondorf thought he was a hopeless learner. He was not talented（有才能的）in playing the piano. But Hondorf had to say he tried hard.One day，Robby stopped coming back and told her that he wanted to play in public. He said his mother had been ill，so he had to practice at home. Hondorf hesitated because she thought he couldn’t play the piano well enough，but finally she agreed.The night for the public show came. The high school hall was full of parents and friends. When Robby began playing，Hondorf was surprised at what she heard. He played so well that everyone in the hall was moved. Hondorf ran up to him when he ended. “I’ve never heard you play like that，Robby！How could you do it？”“Well，Miss Hondorf…do you remember that I told you my mom was sick？Well，in fact，she was so sick that she died this morning. And well…she was born deaf（聋的），so tonight was the first time she ever heard me play.I wanted to make it special.”When Hondorf heard this，she felt that he was the teacher and she was the pupil. For it was he that taught her the meaning of love and believing in yourself.71. Robby began to give a piano lesson at the age of eleven.72. Hondorf told Robby that he shouldn’t begin to learn the piano so late.73. Hondorf thought Robby wasn’t a hope learner，but he tried his best to learn to play the piano.74. Robby had to practice playing the piano at home because of his mother’s illness.75. Hondorf was surprised when she heard Robby play the piano so well in the public show.76. Hondorf taught her student the meaning of love and believing in himself.77. From the passage we know that Robby’s mother could hear him play the piano that night. B．Choose the best answer(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)（7分）When an animal helps another animal，it usually gets something valueable（有价值的）in return. For a long time，many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.However，a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (an animal like a large monkey without a tail ) also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans an chimpanzees share an ancestor about 6million years ago.上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features without any other training，says Warneken，a scientist in Germany.Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the Afican country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one，and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before，they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s m ore，they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward.In a similar experiment，36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick，whether or not they were offered toys for their help.Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still，both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still，the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees，even if it costs them nothing to be generous.78. Many scientists thought that ________for a long time.A) another animal could do bravelyB）only people could act generouslyC）children could describe things clearlyD）chimpanzees could discover things carefully79. A new study in Germany suggests that ________.A) people also share information for good reasonB) children know something at the age of 18 monthsC）chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, tooD）humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago80. The underlined words “an ancestor” probably means“________”.A）a person in the family who lived a long time agoB）a child in the school who lived with grandparentsC）a chimpanzee on an island that lived for yearsD）an animal in the zoo that lived with others81. Warneken and his partners worked with ________.A) young chimpanzee that live on an islandB）18-month-old children who live in Germany上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网C）kids who are living with adult chimpanzeesD）adult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain82.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？A）The animals hadn’t met the person before the experimentsB) No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had doneC) Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a rewardD）Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one83. In a similar experiment，thirty-six children helped the person reach the stick ________.A) if they were offered toys for their workB) when they were asked to give them a handC) after they were ordered to act in a similar wayD）whether they were given toys for their help or not84. From the passage we know that ________.A）children is more generous than chimpanzees in some waysB) chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzeesC）both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help othersD）both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experimentsC. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）：（14分）Where in the world can you take an hour's train ride, and pass a forest, a London street, a scene from the Wild West, and a burning building that never burns down? There's only one place, and that's Hollywood, in California. The scenes you see from the tourist train are film sets in the Universal Studios, one of the oldest and largest movie companies in the USA.A visit to Universal Studios brings ____85_____ memories of great days of Hollywood, the films and the stars. But they are only memories. Hollywood isn't quite the same as it used to be. Costs（成本、费用）have ____86____ and confidence has gone down. Movie-makers are afraid to spend their money on expensive new ideas. Instead, they ____87_____ old ones.The film industry is changing fast. Teenagers still go out to the movies. The theatre is a good place to meet friends away from there. But older people ____88_____ stay home to watch series, like Dynasty have become as important to Hollywood as expensive movies. These "soap opera（肥皂剧）", as they are called, show rich, ____89_____ families living in beautiful homes and wearing beautiful clothes. But the actors and actress are nearly all middle-aged, like many of the people who watch them.Though it is soap operas that are keeping the film-makers of Hollywood in Business, big films are still being made in America. But more and more of them are made outside Hollywood. New York is the most important new center, but there are many others ____90_____ .上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网Movie-makers have realized that they don't need Hollywood any more. Mondern cameras and real houses expensively made ____91____ in a studio instead. Other states, such as Florid and Texas, are working hard to take the film business away from California. They are offering better working conditions（条件）and lower cost. But Hollywood is fighting back. The state of California is trying to keep its best-known industry.85. A. behind B. back C. across D. above86. A. looked out B. prepared for C. dealt with D. gone up87. A. arrange B. Create C. repeat D. destroy88. A. suddenly B. usually C. seriously D. politely89. A. powerful B. helpful C. simple D. foolish90. A. just now B. at first C. in time D. as well91. A. noises B. chances C. copies D. mistakesD. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（14分）In the United States, young people generally enjoy much freedom. It is probably true that nowadays young Americans have more freedom t 92 they ever had. It is not really clear whether all of this freedom is a good thing with respect to dating relationships (关系). Dating has changed greatly in recent years.According to traditional dating ways in the United States, much of the responsibility for a date falls on the young man. The young man must first call the girl he w 93 to date early in a week. Most girls in traditional dating relationships expect to get a telephone call f 94 a young man by Wednesday. Most dates take place on weekends. Fridays and Saturdays nights arep 95 for dates. The young man must ask the girl out and suggest the things that they might do. Usually it is the young man who pays for all of the evening's activities.Some young people in the United States, e 96 college students, do not go out on traditional dates. Instead, they go out on group dates. This means that small groups of young people go out with each other. All of the people in the group are usually friends, but some in the group may not know before.As a result, every person pays for his or her expenses. This means that the girls must pay for their admission(入场) tickets for the movies, for a cup of coffee, or for a _ 97 else that they spend on during the date.The group is very different from the traditional date. Young people in the Unite States today enjoy both kinds of these dating ways. Traditional dating ways give young people a chance to get to know one another better. Group dates give young people a chance to know many other young people and to have a more relaxed evening. Both kinds of dates have their a 98 . The group 上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网date is really a new idea among young people. It seems to be a wonderful for the reasons described above.E. Answer the questions （根据短文内容回答下列问题）：（14分）A. Dear Mrs. WebDear Mrs. Web provides free personal advice and opinions for you. She receives and answers worldwide email questions. She will offer you some new suggestions on your problems, like study project, disinterested friend... Dear Mrs. Wed welcomes all questions and suggestions. You can receive the reply usually in 48 hours. Her email address is mrsweb@.B. Help Line VolunteersEvery year thousands of old people are in need of our help. The Help Line provides a heartwarming, helpful, kind support and information service for the English-speaking aged people. We are in need of volunteers who are:● good listeners, warm-hearted and patient● excellent English speaker● can work 10 hours every weekPlease call us at 0241-85902 or emailus. helper@<mailto:helper@>C. Save the Earth ClubEarth club is for any student in Green School. Earth Club's goal is to help keep the school, neighborhood, and city cleaner by encouraging recycling, highway clean up, and river, lake and school campus clean up. We hope to improve the environment and encourage others to do the same. We also meet to discuss some real solutions to save the earth. Earth Club meets 2-4 times a month. Come and join us!D. The King Sweeper"My great, great grandfather invented the carpet(地毯) sweeper 125 years ago. This King Sweeper is by far the best. I invite you to try it in your home. You'll find it used daily in hospitals, restaurants, offices and homes throughout the world. This is just the thing to keep your carpet soft, clean and fresh. Only for $ 59.99!We're so sure that you'll be satisfied with the result of using our product.E. Trendy SunglassesThey can protect your eyes when driving, gardening or reading in the sun. It can make your life easier and happier, and make you look smarter! $ 20.99 each or 2 for $ 39.99!99. What is Mrs. Wed's Email address?Her email address _______________________________________________________.100. Does the Help Line provide a service for young children?__________________, __________________________________________________.上海中考网版权所有谢绝转载上海中考网101. How long does the Help Line ask volunteers to work every week?The Help Line asks _____________________________________________________.102. How often does Earth Club meet to discuss some real solutions to save the earth?______________________________________________________________________.103. When was the King Sweeper invented?The King Sweeper ________________________________________________________.104. How much will you pay if you buy two pairs of Trendy sunglasses?I _______________________________________________________________________.105. Do you want to be a Help Line volunteer? Why or why not?_______________________________________________________________________.Ⅸ. Writing:Write at least 60 words about the topic "Extracurricular Activities in My School".(以“我校的课外活动”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。
2011年上海市徐汇区中考物理二模试卷
2011年上海市徐汇区中考物理二模试卷90分参考答案与试题解析试卷总分：一、选择题（共16分）1．（2分）（2013•丰台区二模）首先发现电流磁效应的科学家是（）A．法拉第B．牛顿 C．焦耳 D．奥斯特【考点】电流的磁场和右手螺旋定则PH322【难易度】容易题【分析】A、法拉第在1931年发现电磁感应现象并指出其定律，故排除A；B、牛顿是英国伟大的物理学家，在力学、光学等领域取得了卓著的成就，故排除B；C、焦耳研究了热功当量，在电磁学、热学、气体分子动理论等方面做出了卓越的贡献，故排除C；D、1820年，丹麦物理学家奥斯特发现了通电导体周围存在磁场，是第一个发现电流磁效应的科学家，故选D。
【解答】D．【点评】本题主要考查物理学史相关的内容，考生需了解科学家的贡献，关注相关重大事件，解题关键是熟悉课本知识。
2．（2分）（2011•徐汇区二模）所谓“超级月亮”是指运行到距离地球最近时的月亮．月亮在太阳系中属于（）A．卫星 B．恒星 C．行星 D．流星【考点】太阳系PH131【难易度】容易题【分析】（1）卫星的定义：围绕行星轨道上运行的天然或人造的天体；（2）行星的定义：必须是围绕恒星运转的天体；质量必须足够大，它的自身引力必须和自转速度平衡使其成圆球状；必须清除轨道附近区域，公转轨道范围内不能有比它更大的天体；（3）太阳系符合行星定义的星体有八个，分别是：水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星；（4）地球是行星，月亮围绕地球运转行，故月亮是卫星，故选A。
【解答】A．【点评】本题主要考查太阳系，银河系是宇宙中由群星和弥漫物质集会而成的一个庞大天体系统，太阳只是其中一颗普通恒星，考生需要了解能发光的星球为恒星，绕恒星转的不发光的星球是行星，绕行星转的是卫星。
3．（2分）（2011•徐汇区二模）我们能分辨出不同乐器发出的声音，主要是依据它们发出的声音具有不同的（）A．响度 B．音调 C．音色 D．频率【考点】音调、响度与音色PH252【难易度】容易题【分析】乐音的三个特征：音调、响度、音色。
数学_2011年上海市徐汇区、金山区高考数学二模试卷(文科)_(含答案)
2011年上海市徐汇区、金山区高考数学二模试卷（文科）一、填空题（共14小题，每小题4分，满分56分）1. 函数f(x)=4x −1的反函数f −1(x)=________．2. 设集合A ={5, log 2(a +3)}，集合B ={a, b}．若A ∩B ={2}，则A ∪B =________．3. 函数f(x)=lnx −2x 的零点所在的区间为(n, n +1)(n ∈Z)，则n =________．4. 在(x −a)10的展开式中，x 7的系数是15，则实数a =________．5. 若复数z 同时满足|z 1z¯1|=2i ，|z ¯1iz 1|=0（i 为虚数单位），则复数z =________． 6. 写出系数矩阵为[1221]，且解为[x y ]=[11]的一个线性方程组是________． 7. 在△ABC 中，a ，b ，c 分别是角A ，B ，C 所对的边，且√3a =2csinA ，则角C 的大小为________．8. 已知直线l 经过点(−√5，0)且方向向量为(2, −1)，则原点O 到直线l 的距离为________．9. 从1，2，3，4，5这五个数中任取两个数，这两个数的和是奇数的概率为________．（结果用数值表示）10. 在一个水平放置的底面半径为√3cm 的圆柱形量杯中装有适量的水，现放入一个半径为Rcm 的实心铁球，球完全浸没于水中且无水溢出，若水面高度恰好上升Rcm ，则R =________cm ．11. 若双曲线的渐近线方程为y =±3x ，它的一个焦点与抛物线y 2=4√10x 的焦点重合，则双曲线的标准方程为________．12. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中，O 为坐标原点．定义P(x 1, y 1)，Q(x 2, y 2)两点之间的“直角距离”为d(P, Q)=|x 1−x 2|+|y 1−y 2|．已知B(1, 1)，点M 为直线x −y +4=0上的动点，则d(B, M)的最小值为________．13. 若曲线|y|=2x +1与直线y =b 没有公共点，则实数b 的取值范围是________．14. 设不等式组{x >0y >0y ≤−nx +4n(n ∈N ∗)所表示的平面区域D n 的整点（即横坐标和纵坐标均为整数的点）个数为a n ，则12010(a 2+a 4+⋯+a 2010)=________．二、选择题（共4小题，每小题5分，满分20分）15. 已知O ，A ，B 是平面上不共线的三点，若点C 满足AC →=CB →，则向量OC →等于（ ）A OA →−OB → B OA →+OB →C 12(OA →−OB →)D 12(OA →+OB →) 16. 设{a n }是首项大于零的等比数列，则“a 1<a 2”是“数列{a n }是递增数列”的( )A 充分而不必要条件B 必要而不充分条件C 充分必要条件D 既不充分也不必要条件17. 如图，在下列四个几何体中，它们的三视图（主视图、左视图、俯视图）中有且仅有两个相同，而另一个不同的几何体是（ ）A (2)(3)(4)B (1)(2)(3)C (1)(3)(4)D (1)(2)(4)18. 已知椭圆E:x2m +y24=1，对于任意实数k，下列直线被椭圆E所截弦长与l:y=kx+1被椭圆E所截得的弦长不可能相等的是（）A kx+y+k=0B kx−y−1=0C kx+y−2=0D kx+y−k=0三、解答题（共5小题，满分74分）19. 关于x的不等式|x+m 21 x|<0的解集为(−1, n)．(1)求实数m、n的值；(2)若z1=m+ni，z2=cosα+isinα，且z1z2为纯虚数，求tan(α−π4)的值．20. 如图，已知点P在圆柱OO1的底面圆O上，AB为圆O的直径，圆柱OO1的表面积为24π，OA=2，∠AOP=120∘．（1）求三棱锥A1−APB的体积．（2）求异面直线A1B与OP所成角的大小；（结果用反三角函数值表示）21. 已知公比为q(0<q<1)的无穷等比数列{a n}各项的和为9，无穷等比数列{a n2}各项的和为815．（1）求数列{a n}的首项a1和公比q；（2）对给定的k(k=1, 2, 3,…,n)，设数列T（k）是首项为a k，公差为2a k−1的等差数列，求数列${T^{（2）}}的通项公式及前{10}$项的和．22. 已知函数f(x)=|x|⋅(a−x)，a∈R．（1）当a=4时，画出函数f(x)的大致图象，并写出其单调递增区间；（2）若函数f(x)在x∈[0, 2]上是单调递减函数，求实数a的取值范围；（3）若不等式|x|⋅(a−x)≤6对x∈[0, 2]恒成立，求实数a的取值范围．23.定义：由椭圆的两个焦点和短轴的一个顶点组成的三角形称为该椭圆的“特征三角形”．如果两个椭圆的“特征三角形”是相似的，则称这两个椭圆是“相似椭圆”，并将三角形的相似比称为椭圆的相似比．已知椭圆C1：x 24+y2=1．(1)若椭圆C2：x216+y24=1，判断C2与C1是否相似？如果相似，求出C2与C1的相似比；如果不相似，请说明理由；(2)写出与椭圆C1相似且短半轴长为b的椭圆C b的方程；若在椭圆C b上存在两点M、N关于直线y=x+1对称，求实数b的取值范围？(3)如图：直线y=x与两个“相似椭圆”M：x2a2+y2b2=1和Mλ：x2a2+y2b2=λ2(a>b>0,0<λ<1)分别交于点A，B和点C，D，试在椭圆M和椭圆Mλ上分别作出点E和点F（非椭圆顶点），使△CDF和△ABE组成以λ为相似比的两个相似三角形，写出具体作法．（不必证明）2011年上海市徐汇区、金山区高考数学二模试卷（文科）答案1. log4(x+1)2. {1, 2, 5}3. 24. −125. −1+i6. {x +2y =3，2x +y =37. π3或2π3 8. 19. 35 10. 3211. x 2−y 29=112. 413. [−1, 1]14. 301815. D16. C17. A18. C19. 解：(1)原不等式等价于(x +m)x −2<0，即x 2+mx −2<0，由题意得，{−1+n =−m ，−1×n =−2，解得m =−1，n =2．(2)z 1=−1+2i ，z 1z 2=(−cosα−2sinα)+i(2cosα−sinα)，若z 1z 2为纯虚数，则cosα+2sinα=0，即tanα=−12. 所以tan(α−π4)=tanα−tan π41+tanα⋅tan π4=−12−11−12=−3.20. 解：（1）由题意S 表=2π⋅22+2π⋅2⋅AA 1=24π，解得AA 1=4．在△AOP 中，OA =OP =2，∠AOP =120∘，所以AP =2√3在△BOP 中，OB =OP =2，∠BOP =60∘，所以BP =2V A 1−APB =13S △APB ⋅AA 1 =13⋅12⋅2√3⋅2⋅4=8√33（2）取AA 1中点Q ，连接OQ ，PQ ，则OQ // A 1B ，得∠POQ 或它的补角为异面直线A 1B 与OP 所成的角． 又AP =2√3，AQ =AO =2，得OQ =2√2，PQ =4，由余弦定理得cos∠POQ =PO 2+OQ 2−PQ 22PO⋅OQ =−√24， 得异面直线A 1B 与OP 所成的角为arccos√24． 21. 解：（1）依题意可知，{a 11−q =9a 121−q 2=815 ⇒{a 1=3q =23（2）由（1）知， 数列${T^{（2）}}的首项为{t_{1}= a_{2}= 2}，公差{d= 2a_{2}-1= 3}{T^{（2）}= 2+ (n-1)\times 3= 3n-1(n\in N^{\ast })}{S_{10}= 10\times 2+ \dfrac{1}{2}\times 10\times 9\times 3= 155}，即数列{T^{（2）}}的前{10}项之和为{155}$．22. 解：（1）a =4时，f(x)={−x 2+4x(x ≥0)x 2−4x(x <0)， f(x)的图象如图所示，所以其单调递增区间为[0, 2]．（2）x ∈[0, 2]时，f(x)=x(a −x)=−x 2+ax =−(x −a 2)2+a 24 ∴ f(x)在(−∞, a 2)上单调递增，在[a 2, +∞)上单调递减．又函数f(x)在x ∈[0, 2]上是单调递减函数，所以a 2≤0．解得a ≤0．（3）当x =0时，0≤6成立，所以a ∈R ；当0<x ≤2时，a −x ≤6x ，即a ≤x +6x ，只要a ≤(x +6x )min设g(x)=x +6x ，则g′(x)=1−6x 2，∴ g(x)在(0,√6]上递减，在[√6，+∞)上递增， ∴ 当0<x ≤2时，g(x)min =g(2)=5．所以a ≤5．综上，|x|(a −x)≤6对x ∈[0, 2]恒成立的实数a 的取值范围是(−∞, 5]．23. 解：(1)椭圆C 2与C 1相似．因为椭圆C 2的特征三角形是腰长为a =4，底边长为2c =4√3的等腰三角形， 而椭圆C 1的特征三角形是腰长为2，底边长为2√3的等腰三角形，因此两个等腰三角形相似，且相似比为2．(2)椭圆C b 的方程为：x 24b 2+y 2b 2=1(b >0)，设l MN :y =−x +t ，点M(x 1, y 1)，N(x 2, y 2)，MN 中点为(x 0, y 0)， 则{y =−x +t ，x 24b 2+y 2b 2=1， 所以5x 2−8tx +4(t 2−b 2)=0， 则x 0=x 1+x 22=4t 5，y 0=t 5．因为中点在直线y =x +1上， 所以有 t 5=4t 5+1，t =−53，即直线l MN 的方程为：l MN ：y =−x −53，由题意可知，直线l MN 与椭圆C b 有两个不同的交点， 即方程5x 2−8(−53)x +4[(−53)2−b 2]=0有两个不同的实数解， 所以Δ=(403)2−4×5×4×(259−b 2)>0，即b >√53． (3)作法：过原点作直线y =kx(k ≠1)，交椭圆M 和椭圆M λ于点E 和点F ， 则△CDF 和△ABE 即为所求相似三角形，且相似比为λ．。
2011学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级语文二模
2011学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级语文学科学习能力诊断卷2012.4考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题卷两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题卷上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2．答题卷与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
3．考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一、阅读（共80分）（一）阅读下文，完成第1——６题。
（18分）现代的司马迁陈之藩①大致说来，人类社会赖以生存的三大基本要素是物质、能量与信息。
从最原始的到最近的社会一直是如此。
不过在上古的人没有意识到信息的重要，虽然语言、符号、图像、文字与人类的历史几乎可以说是同时演进而来。
②我们意识到信息的极端重要与信息的定量估测是始于二十世纪中叶。
大致是由控制理论的创立者温纳（Norbert Wiener）及信息理论的定义者山农（Claude Shannon）所启迪的。
温纳说：“信息就是信息，不是物质，也不是能量。
如不承认这一点，我们就不易存在下去。
”山农则是把玻耳兹曼（Ludwig Boltzmann）墓志铭上那个“熵”的公式借来，为信息做了定量工作并构建了分析理论。
③信息不仅包括我们所有的知识，还包括感官所触到的一切。
报纸上的新闻，书本上的报告，市场上的行情起伏，电视上的天气预报；简单到一张照片或一幅图画，复杂到终端机上的种种显示，印表机上的列列标记都是信息。
我们固然一直是生活在物质——如空气或水——的海洋中，也是生活在能量——如光或热——的海洋中；而今，我们忽然悟出更是生活在信息的海洋中。
从古以来就是如此，二十世纪下半叶情况尤然。
④但信息与物质或能量有所不同。
信息的最大特征是：它单独存在的东西，以互相联系为前提。
没有联系，就没有信息。
于是信息必依附于一定的载体。
通过载体，这信息才能被处理、传输、操作。
而今，呈现在我们面前的信息多是经电子为载体、用数字作处理而表现出来的资料。
⑤信息资料不能单独存在，是由互相联系而来。
2011年徐汇区中考二模语文试卷及答案
橘逾淮为枳晏子将使楚。
楚王闻之，谓左右曰：“晏婴，齐之习辞者也。
今方来，吾欲辱之，何以也”左右对曰：“为其来也，臣请缚一人，过王而行，王曰：‘何为者也’对曰：‘齐人也。
’王曰：‘何坐’曰：‘坐盗。
’”晏子至，楚王赐晏子酒。
酒酣，吏二缚一人诣王。
王曰：“缚者曷为者也”对曰：“齐人也，坐盗。
”王视晏子曰：“齐人固善盗乎”晏子避席对曰：“婴闻之，橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳，叶徒相似，其实味不同。
所以然者何水土异也。
今民生长于齐不盗，入楚则盗，得无楚之水土使民善盗耶”王笑曰：“圣人非所与熙也，寡人反取病焉。
”9.上文选自《》（2分）10.用现代汉语翻译文中画线句。
（3分）齐人固善盗乎11.晏子巧妙地反击了楚王的挑衅，用“枳”的形成来说明。
（3分）（四）阅读下文，完成12—15题。
（12分）宋王谓其相唐鞅曰：“寡人所杀戮者众矣，而群臣愈不畏，其故何也”唐鞅对曰：“王之所罪，尽不善者也。
罪不善，善者故为不畏。
王欲群臣畏也。
不若无辨其善与不善而时罪之，若此则群臣畏矣。
”居无几何，宋君杀唐鞅。
唐鞅之对也，不若无对。
12.解释下列加点词。
（4分）所杀戮者众矣（）其故何也（）13.对文中画线句翻译正确的一项是（2分）A．王的罪行都是不好的。
B．王的惩处都是不好的。
C．王犯了罪行是不好的人。
D．王惩处的都是不好的人。
14.从宋王的言行中可以知道他的特点是：（1）（2）（4分）15.唐鞅的结局可以用成语来形容。
（2分）二、现代文（共48分）（一）阅读下文，完成16——19题。
（20分）千门万户①门是什么，本身就是一个说不清的问题。
②紫禁城里重重墙院、上百座院落、近万间房屋，到底有多少门，很难说清楚。
这些门的形式多种多样，到底有多少种门，也真是很难说清楚。
③最高大、最威严的自然是紫禁四门——午门、神武门、东华门、西华门。
午门为最。
④天子面南而王。
南门为皇宫正门，正南在建筑方位中属午位，故名午门。
午门通高37.95米，比紫禁城中最重要的太和殿还高，足见其皇宫第一门、天下第一门的地位。
2011徐汇区历史二模
1．B．2．C．3．B．4．D．5．B．6．C．7．D．8．D．9．A．10．D．11．C．12．B．13．B．14．B．15．D．16．C．17．A．18．A．19．D．20．A．21．C．22．B．23．B．24．A．25．B．26．A．27．B．28．B．29．B．30．A．31．（1）保护私有财产（1 分）；提倡法律面前公民平等；分）体现法治精神（调节（1 31．社会纠纷，缓和矛盾）（1 分）。
（2）不同：詹姆士一世认为王在法上，法律是维护国王统治的工具。
分）（1 《权利法案》认为王在法下，法律用以限制国王的权力（1 分）。
结果和影响：导致议会与国王矛盾激化，分）最终爆发英国革命。
分）（1 （1 促进英国君主立宪制的形成，分）为工业革命提供了政治前提。
分）（1 （1 （3）作用：协调人们之间矛盾，维护统治阶级利益，维护社会经济秩序，维系文明社会的成果等。
分）（2 （只要言之有理即可）32．32．（1）精神世界：孔子的儒家思想。
分）主张：仁、仁政、人性本善等。
（1 （任意两点 2 分）（2）态度：全盘肯定西方文化，（或全盘否定中国文化）（1 分）。
主张：提倡民主和科学（1 分），反对专制和迷信；提倡新道德，分）反对旧道德；（1 提倡新文化，分）反对旧文化。
（1 （回答“发起新文化运动”可给1 分）（3）领导秋收起义，建立井冈山革命根据地，与朱德会师，创建了中国工农革命军第四军（1 分），提出了工农武装割据理论，分）把马克思主义普遍原理与中国革命具体实（1 践相结合，分）形成毛泽东思想。
（1 2011．4 2011．11 33．33．（1）特征：严格的等级制度（1 分）（2）主张：易服。
分）（1 理由：适应国际交往的需要，分）适应学习西方工业文明的需要。
分）（1 （1 （3）原因：西方文明的冲击；辛亥革命的影响（或社会习俗的变化如不缠足运动使妇女从陋习中解放出来）；民族工业的发展；中国自然经济的进一步解体；抵制国货、爱用国货思想的推动。
2011上海市徐汇区高三二模英语卷
2010学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级英语学科学习能力诊断卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）2011.4第一卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a post office. B. On a farm. C. At a clinic. D. At a restaurant.2. A. Thursday 9 am.—5 pm. B. Saturday 9 am.—5 pm.C. Sunday 10 am.—5 pm.D. Monday 10 am.— 6 pm.3. A. He needs to sleep for three or four hours. B. He wants to buy a set of coffee cups.C. He needs more coffee to stay awake.D. He has been wide awake for some time.4. A. In the office. B. In the suburb. C. In the city centre. D. In a flat.5. A. They are shopping. B. They are driving.C. They are walking.D. They are hunting.6. A. Go to the party. B. Go for a ride.C. Prepare for her interview.D. Change her clothes.7. A. She doesn’t have an email address. B. Her computer is infected with virus.C.S he doesn’t know how to use a computer.D. She needs to check her email.8. A. The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.B. The city is poor because there isn't much industry.C. The woman doesn’t want to live in the city any more.D. There are no factories where the speakers live.9. A. Boring. B. Demanding. C. Challenging. D. Exhausting.10. A. She called the man but the line was busy. B. She didn't come back until midnight.C. She had been planning for the trip.D. She visited her friends all night.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. He failed his diving test three times. B. He is uncertain about the coming test.C. He can’t remember the traffic rules.D. He broke the traffic rules during the day.12. A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. Confident. D. Upset.13. A. He broke a lot of traffic rules. B. He hadn’t practiced long enough.C. He drove the wrong way.D. Something unexpected happened.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. More than one million. B. More than two million.C. Less than one million.D. Half the population.15. A. They prefer to spend their holidays in Australia.B.Most of them do physical exercise regularly.C.Shopping is one of their favourite recreations.D.They stay at home watching TV most of the time.16. A. A typical Briton is most likely to get up late in the morning.B. Th e life of Britons hasn’t changed much over the past decades.C. Britons spend more money on their holidays compared to the past.D. British people are quite famous for their unique sense of humor.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Telephone InformationName: ____(17)____ English Language Center.Application deadlines: the end of ____(18)_____Tuition: ____(19)____ dollarsWays to apply: ①Mail back the application form②Fill out the application form ____(20)_____Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Taking take care of his dog during ____(21)____. What does the man ask the woman to do forhim?What does the dog like to do at 3:00 p.m.? He likes to watch ____(22)____ on Channel 4.Because otherwise he would ____(23)____.Why does the man ask the woman to scratchthe dog everyday?What is required during t he dog’s nap time?Some _____(24)_____.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Some parents are just too protective. They want to protect their kids _____ every kind ofdanger, real or imagined.A. forB. atC. fromD. with26. A special scientist team has been formed to study the possible relationship between theunusual weather in Australia and _____ in Brazil and some other countries.A. the oneB. the onesC. thatD. those27. Over the past 30 years, the Internet has been developing so fast that the inventors ______ thatIPv4 address exhaustion would arrive so soon.A. could predictB. must have predictedC. ought to predictD. couldn’t have predicted28. —What do you think of the film we watched yesterday?—Terrible! I’ve never seen _______ one.A. the bestB. a worseC. a betterD. the worst29. The first civil service exam was held in 1995 and since then more and more people _____ forit, with applications reaching a peak over the last two years.A. had signed upB. have signed upC. signed upD. will sign up30. The tennis final between Li Na and Kim Clijsters which _____ live to the world once againsparked(点燃) the patriotic passion of Chinese sports lovers.A. was televisedB. televisedC. was televisingD. has televised31. What really worries us is _____ the explorers can accurately locate themselves with the olddevice in case of bad weather.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. whether32. A good volunteer should not only display his or her own good image but also see to it _____the visitor gets the exact information he needs.A. thatB. whichC. howD. where33. Clever wit and humor will help your speech stand out in a good way and keep everyone______.A. entertainingB. entertainedC. to entertainD. being entertained34. ______ there has been evidence of bowling-like games in ancient Egypt, history clearly pointsout that bowling began in Germany during the dark ages.A. SinceB. UnlessC. UntilD. Though35. Parties ______ alcohol is served can go downhill quickly if drinking is basically the onlything to do at the party.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. as36. Experts have pointed out that it was the power failure ______ the Japanese tsunami(海啸) thatled to the crisis at the Fukushima plant.A. followedB. which followC. followingD. to follow37. ______ the product or service does not live up to public expectation, the customer will be verydissatisfied and possibly ask for his or her money back.A. AlthoughB. UnlessC. IfD. Even if38. A US office worker has invented ______ will likely go down as the most useful workplacegadget(小玩意): a device that lets you know when your nearest WC is free.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who39. He was, after all, the General Manager and did not appreciate being made _____ like anignorant schoolboy.A. feelB. to feelC. feltD. feeling40. ______ you are talking about, gossiping in the office is a surefire way to end your work life.A. No matter what funny thingsB. No matter how funny thingsC. No matter what things funnyD. No matter how things funnySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Adult children are giving up the equivalent of a full-time working week each month – at an annual cost of almost £4,000 – to care for an elderly parent or parents, a report published today ___(41)___.The ―Cost of a Parent ‖ study, from insurance and investment group Liverpool Victoria(LV), highlights the increasing problems faced by a "sandwich generation" caught between paying their own bills, meeting the costs of their parents' care and, in one of 20 cases, ___(42)___ financially to their over-18 children.Mike Rogers, group chief executive of LV, which surveyed 2,000 adults last month, said many adults were walking a ―fine tightrope‖ between these three costs. "The care that elderly relatives receive from their families is ___(43)___, but there is clearly a growing concern that financial support for rising residential care costs may simply be ___(44)___," he said. Caught up in the recession （衰退）, almost half of those people with elderly parents said they felt less ___(45)___ able than they did a year ago to meet any care costs."The financial crisis only serves to highlight the difficulties older people, their families and caregivers are ___(46)___ facing when trying to pay for care," said Stephen Burke, chief executive of Counsel and Care. "The situation has been made worse by the ___(47)___ in the housing market, which has made it harder for older people to sell their houses to pay for their care costs."People with parents who need care do not just face financial ___(48)___, according to the LV report. Of those surveyed, 13% had put off career changes or sacrificed ___(49)___ at work, while the same proportion had put off moving house. A third of respondents (调查对象) had put their holiday plans on hold, while a further 13% had sacrificed financial support for their children.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The responsibilities of job, home and family all too often transform the daily routine into a huge burden. Enjoying quality leisure time becomes ___(50)___.True leisure means engaging in a ___(51)___ and rewarding activity without being ___(52)___ by other aspects of your life. Sometimes, the ___(53)___ you experience during the week make you place great emphasis on weekends and other days off. You hope to relax, but the pressure is ___(54)___. You can't rest even when you have the time to do so. When time is limited, leisure activities are usually the first items to ___(55)___ from the daily schedule.If you routinely ___(56)___ your leisure time because you have "more important thingstodo," you may be underestimating how much time the things ___(57)___ take. Most people routinely shortchange themselves on the amount of time required to complete a given task. The problem is a ___(58)___ to evaluate performance honestly.___(59)___, simplifying your life will let you have more windows of opportunity to do stuff just for fun. Maybe you need to relearn to relax.Spare Time for Your ___(60)___: Devote one afternoon or evening per week ___(61)___ to doing something that you enjoy, listening to music, assembling a jigsaw puzzle. Do whatever you always wish to but never seem to find time for. And do it where there's nothing to remind you of other ___(62)___.Choose Low-Tech: The popular fascination with technological advances in all areas of life has diverted(偏离) attention from the simple pleasures of many ___(63)___ pastimes. People think they must have the best, most up-to-date equipment available to enjoy themselves. When keeping up with trends becomes the ___(64)___, the pure pleasure of leisure is lost.50.A. essential B. difficult C. noticeable D. incapable51.A. reluctant B. disgusting C. delicate D. pleasurable52.A. preoccupied B. ashamed C. cultivated D. oppressed53.A. favour B. risk C. thirst D. stress54.A. enormous B. reasonable C. ignorant D. adjusted55.A. destroy B. consider C. disappear D. recognize56.A. estimate B. abandon C. fulfill D. expand57.A. constantly B. initially C. actually D. equally58.A. variety B. delay C. record D. failure59.A. However B. Consequently C. Moreover D. Therefore60.A. Instincts B. Desires C. Images D. Tasks61.A. occasionally B. dramatically C. primarily D. entirely62.A. expectations B. obligations C. stimulations D. limitations63.A. individual B. uncommon C. traditional D. physical64.A. threat B. obstacle C. source D. focusSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)―Just relax,‖ I said, ―and let the water support you!‖Of course, such things are usually easier said than done.When I discovered that the university I work at has a swimming pool,I was quite pleased. Swimming is a great way to exercise. So I suggested toEllen that we should go for a dip. She declined. At first, I thought it wasbecause she thought it might be too cold to go swimming, but as thesummer heat rolled in, she continued to resist my offers.Eventually, I asked her what was stopping her, and was surprised to hear, ―I can't swim!‖Most Australians learn to swim fairly early on, with school programs teaching it. With the population of Australia mostly gathered around the edge of the continent, going to the beach and swimming in the sea are incredibly popular things to do, so someone who can’t swim is fairly uncommon.Ellen’s confession drove me to make a foolish offer — that I would teach her to swim.If I’d foreseen the problems that were to come, I would probably have never set foot in the pool.Once we got past the initial hurdle of the water being ―too cold‖, ―too scary‖ and having ―a funny smell‖, I persuaded Ellen to put her arms around my neck, and try to let her legs float out behind her, while I gently pulled her along.That night, I tried to sleep w ithout moving my neck, as Ellen’s tight grasp had almost torn my head from my shoulders. She panicked after a small wave splashed some water up her nose, and nearly drowned the pair of us in the resulting waving of arms and legs.I think it was at that point I decided to buy her a large life ring, so that she could float along without holding me tight. And I hope, in that way, Ellen will be a little more confident in the water.65. Ellen refused to go swimming with her husband because ______.A. it was too cold at that timeB. there was no swimming pool aroundC. she couldn’t stand the summer heatD. she did not know how to swim66. Which of the following CANNOT be learned according to the passage?A. Swimming is a required course in many Australian schools.B. Most of the Australians learn to swim at a fairly early age.C. It is convenient for most Australians to go to the seaside.D. Swimming is the most popular activity among Australians.67. The underlined word ―hurdle” in the passage probably means ________.A. frameB. excitementC. obstacleD. jump68. How did the author probably feel after teaching his wife to swim for the first time?A. Surprised and tired.B. Exhausted and regretful.C. Energetic and confident.D. Disappointed and angry.(B)The following articles are extracts from editorials.WORKING HOURSThe proc ess of ―downsizing‖─ in other words, reducing workforces ─ has continued persistently over the last ten years. One of the major effects of this process has been the increase in number of hours worked. Often employees have to take over the work previously done by now redundant（被解雇的）colleagues. Working days of twelve hours or more are not unusual. You have to ask yourselves whether this is an efficient way to run a company, and if it is worth the damage it causes to family life.TOWN CENTRES DIEArguably on e of America’s most destructive exports to the rest of the world has been the out-of-town shopping mall. Shopping centres, usually located on ring roads two or three kilometers from the centre of towns, have sprung up everywhere. As consumers have flocked to them, village shops have closed and town centres have become full of streets with boarded-upshop windows and ―For Sale‖ signs.PROFESSIONALISM RULESThere are few sports where the amateur ideal survives and flourishes. Athletics is normally amateur but all the top athletes are, to all intent and purposes, professionals. Rugby Union(英式橄榄球联合会) has now officially gone professional and the Olympic Games, the supposed symbol of amateurism, has allowed professional sportsmen like tennis players to compete. Standards have certainly improved, but at what cost? Sport is now seen by many as an activity for a few highly skilled and well-paid individuals, rather than as a source of enjoyment for millions, whatever their ability.69. According to the passages, reducing workforces may result in ______.A. the enhancement of work efficiencyB. the increase of employees’ workloadC. better chances of promotionD. the cutdown of employees’ income70. According to the passages, the Olympic Games should ______.A. include more highly skilled and well-paid individualsB. choose rugby when considering the addition of new sportsC. aim at providing more enjoyment for ordinary peopleD. improve their standards of candidates at any cost71. What is in common among these three articles?A. They all quote exact figures to illustrate their points.B. Each of them expresses a strong opinion about a current issue.C. Each of them reflects a different voice about the same problem.D. They all offer constructive suggestions to the authority.(C)One often hears that children should arrive at school ―ready to learn.‖ For most children, the acquisition of reading and math skills starts in the first grade. In states where kindergarten is compulsory, it begins even earlier.Many parents, teachers, and politicians maintain that preschool is the best way to prepare children to learn. There is no real consensus(一致), however, about how this preparation should be achieved.For some, early childhood education relates to the development of the whole child. They think that preschool should encourage exploration and discovery. Group activities teach positive social behaviors such as sharing, kindness, and patience. Time spent alone encourages independence. Learning letters and counting is important only for children who show an interest in them. Advocates（提倡者）of this approach stress that each child is unique and should learn at his or her own pace.Other people refer to research showing that children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4. They claim that early introduction to letters and numbers lays the foundation for later academic excellence. Since the 1980s, many people have stressed the value of preschool and point to the success of programs －such as Head Start －that target low-income children.Is there proof that an academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success? Studies have not been conclusive. In the short term, evidence suggests that middle-class childrenwho attend preschool are ahead of their peers in maths and language skills, as well as in social skills, when they enter school. However, the same studies show that the gap narrows considerably by the time children reach age 8.Children living in poverty are a different matter. Those enrolled in programs such as Head Start seem to do better than impoverished(穷困的) children who do not attend a preschool. For instance, youngsters in one group enrolled in the program, tracked until the age of 21, earned higher scores on intelligence tests, were more likely to graduate from high school, and demonstrated more interest in higher education.The idea of public preschool raises many issues. Providing Head Start for all children would be a financial burden on communities that already struggle to fund current school programs. Also, where would a sufficient number of teachers trained in early childhood development be found?72. Advocates of the development of the whole child believe school readiness is _______.A.showing eagerness in exploration and discoveryB.learning basic skills, such as knowing letters and countingC.Showing great interest in basic academic conceptsD.demonstration of intellectual, social and emotional skills73. According to the passage, Head Start is most probably _________.A. a preschool program that supports disabled childrenB. a program that helps impoverished children attend a schoolC.an organization that aims to improve current school programsD. a program that helps design the academic curriculum in preschool74. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Preschool benefits middle-class children more than poor children.B.Most children start school with similar language and social skills.C.Providing Head Start for all children has encountered great difficulties.D.All children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4.75. Which of the following may best summarize the main idea of the passage?A.An academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success.B.Preshool is helpful, despite the disagreement about what it should offer.C.Children enrolled in preschool demonstrate more interest in learning.D.Preschool education shouldn’t be a financial burden on communities.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.76.If your work schedule sets your teeth to grinding, make a list of projects you need to get done and front-load it with tasks you can accomplish quickly. As you check off accomplishments, you’ll beginto feel in control,and yourstress will ease. Try scheduling daily chores so that you can attack the most difficult ones when your energy level is highest. And delegate the chores not just 77. A weekend at the beach can restore your equilibrium. Distract yourself with something you find soothing: Cook, knit, or break out the watercolors. And, if you can’t take off for the afternoon when you feel your stress rising at the office, just get out for a walk. Even a short stroll can make 78. networks than men do, and when they’re stressed, they turn to these networks for support. They’re more likely to seek out the company of other women and less likely to flee or to fight. A stress response mitigated by the support of friends might help explain why women live five years longer, on average, than men. So indulge in the pleasure of family and friends. Invite old pals to a women’s night out. Call your sister. It ma y help you live 79. your body’s supply of available energy in fending off an impending threat also tell your brain that you need to replenish that energy once it’s used up. The result: Your cortisol-crazed psyche sends you on the prowl for all-too-fattening pizza, potato chips, and ice cream in an effort to refuel quickly. If you’re going through a stressful period, fight the urge to snack endlessly. Preferably, eat small low-fat meals. And try to exercise regularly. The exercise doesn’t have to be strenuous. Walking releases endorphins that can soothe a jangled mind. 80. Physiologically, relaxation is the opposite of stres s. When you’re relaxed, your breathing and heart rate slow and your mind clears. Mindfulness is a way to achieve this level of relaxation using a variety of techniques, including yoga, meditation, and simple relaxation exercises. It trains you to use your breathing and an awareness of your body to focus on the here and now.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.In the wild, winter is a stressful season, and to escape the biting cold and shortage of food, many animals migrate. But there are some species that stay where they are, and these brave creatures do so by relying on various strategies, including adaptation through external change, such as growing thick coats, and adaptation through behavioral or physiological change, such as entering a state of hibernation (冬眠).Hibernation is a state of inactivity, in which an animal's heart rate, body temperature, andbreathing rate are decreased in order to conserve energy through the cold months of winter. A similar state, known as estivation, occurs in some animals during the hot and dry period in summer.When food is scarce, an animal may use up more energy maintaining its body temperature and in searching for food than it would receive from consuming the food. Hibernating animals use 70 to 100 times less energy than when active, allowing them to survive until food is once again plentiful.Many animals sleep more often when food is scarce, but only a few truly hibernate. Hibernation differs from sleep in that a hibernating animal shows a drastic reduction in metabolism(新陈代谢), and then awakes relatively slowly. By contrast, a sleeping animal decreases its metabolism only slightly, and can wake up almost instantly if disturbed.Bears, which many people think of as the classic hibernating animals, are actually just deep sleepers. They do not significantly lower their metabolism and body temperature. True hibernation occurs only in small mammals and a few birds. Some species of insects show periods of inactivity during which growth and development cease and metabolism is greatly reduced. This state is generally referred to as diapause(滞育), although when correlated with the winter months, it would also fit the definition of hibernation.（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS.）81. According to the first paragraph, animals rely on different ways to _______.82. What kind of inner changes do animals go through when they enter the state of hibernation?83. According to the passage, the word ―estivation‖ probably refers to _______.84. Why aren’t bears considered true hibernators according to the passage?第二卷（45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 他花光所有的积蓄买下了那套公寓。
2011上海徐汇区高三二模语文试题答案(含文言文翻译)
2011上海徐汇区高三二模语文试题答案一、阅读 80分(一) 文本来源：关于“田子坊”的信息拼接。
(15分)1．（2分）答案：田子坊街区是上海弄堂工厂和城市生活的历史遗存。
（或：田子坊街区是具有上海文化开发价值的资源。
）补充答案：第一段最后一句话“田子坊保存着比较完整的历史遗存，成为上海文化创意产业的发源地”和第二段最后一句话“浓缩了近百年上海城市生活的场景，折射出海派市民生活的特点。
”也给了2分。
错误：（1）将“湿地”二字套用在答案中；（2）将第三段老厂房等情况作答案；（3）片面，给1分。
这道题目回答时要注意答案开头用到“田子坊”三个字。
2．（2分）A （“唯一选择”在文章中没有这么说，太绝对。
）3．（2分）答案：因为括号内是解释插入的内容（1分），交待取名“田子坊”的缘由（1分）。
补充知识点：标点符号包括标号和点号。
标号包括破折号、括号、省略号、书名号、引号、连接号、间隔号、着重号、专名号等，主要标明词语或句子的性质和作用。
点号包括顿号、逗号、分号、句号、问号、叹号及冒号等，这些点号主要表示语言中种种停顿。
错误：（1）括号的作用理解为“烘托、强调、引述……”；（2）将题目理解为括号内字的由来和意思的解释。
第一题和第三题均分2.9分。
4．（4分）田子坊位于卢湾区泰康路210弄（1分），是上海保护历史遗存和发展文化创意产业的典范（要有标题意识）（1分）。
这儿有上海老城厢的温暖，有最前沿的视觉艺术，是你在上海休闲、观光的好去处（2分）。
（第七段“上海市井生活的亲切、温暖和嘈杂”）（“旅游推介词”，语言形式）考察学生分析综合能力，均分2分。
这道题目可以结合黄浦区一模试卷重庆杨济舟《山阴道上访徐渭》第八题“根据文中内容，为青藤书屋写一份简介。
”--“位于绍兴前观巷大乘弄10号；明代“青藤画派”的发源地，书画家、文学家徐渭的出生地和读书处；书屋小，墙上有青藤，厅有徐渭像，藏有《黑葡萄藤》摹本。
”5．（5分）具备文化开发价值的历史遗存；“修旧如旧”保护式的改造；受艺术人士青睐并形成集聚效应；打造出“视觉”产业特色；上海老城厢的“烟火气”成为吸引怀旧或好奇游客的观光资源。
上海中考二模徐汇数学（含答案）
2011学年第二学期徐汇区初三年级数学教改先锋学习能力诊断卷 2012．4 （时间100分钟 满分150分）考生注意∶1．本试卷含三个大题，共25题；答题时，考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答，在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效；2．除第一、二大题外，其余各题如无特别说明，都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤．一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）【下列各题的四个选项中，有且只有一个选项是正确的，选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上】1．下列实数中，无理数是（A ）；（B ）；（C ）；（D ）．9382π3030030003.32．下列图形中，既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形是（A ）正六边形； （B ）正五边形； （C ）等腰梯形； （D ）等边三角形．3．如果，那么的值是32=-b a b a 426+-（A ） ；（B ） 2；（C ） 1；（D ） 0．34．下列成语或词语所反映的事件中，可能性大小最小的是（A ）瓮中捉鳖； （B ）守株待兔； （C ）旭日东升； （D ）夕阳西下．5．某商店在一周内卖出某种品牌球鞋的尺寸（单位：码）整理后的数据如下：36，38，38， 39，40，40，41，41，41，41，42，43，44．那么这组数据的中位数和众数分别为（A ）40，40；（B ）41，40；（C ）40，41； （D ）41，41．6．下列关于四边形是矩形的判断中，正确的是（A ）对角线互相平分；（B ）对角线互相垂直；（C ）对角线互相平分且垂直；（D ）对角线互相平分且相等．二、填空题：（本大题共12题，每题4分，满分48分）【请将结果直接填入答题纸的相应位置上】7．计算： ▲ ． =⋅223a a 8．求值：▲．=︒⋅︒60tan 30sin 9．函数的定义域是 ▲ ．63+=x y 10．如果方程有两个相等的实数根，那么m 的值是▲．032=+-m x x 11．如果将抛物线向左平移2个单位，再向上平移3个单位，那么平移后的抛物32-=x y 线表达式是▲．12．纳米是一个长度单位，1纳米＝0.000 000 001米，如果把水分子看成是球形，它的直径约为0.4纳米，用科学记数法表示为米，那么的值是 ▲．n104⨯n13．如图1，一斜坡的坡比，如果坡高米，那么它的水平宽度的长AB 4:1=i 2=AC BC 是 ▲ 米．14．一次函数中两个变量的部分对应值如下表所示：)0(≠+=k b kx y y x 、x …-2-1012…y…852-1-4…那么关于的不等式的解集是 ▲．x 1-≥+b kx 15．点是△ABC 的重心，如果，，那么向量用向量和表示G a AB =b AC =BG a b 为▲．16．为了了解全区近6000名初三学生数学学习状况，随机抽取600名学生的测试成绩作为样本，将他们的成绩整理后分组情况如下：（每组数据含最低值，不含最高值）根据上表信息，由此样本请你估计全区此次测试成绩在70～80分的人数大约是 ▲ ．17．如图2，矩形中，，点分别在轴、轴的正半轴上，ABCD 4,2==BC AB B A 、y x 点在第一象限，如果，那么点的坐标是▲．C ︒=∠30OAB C 18．如图3，在菱形中，，,点在射线上，，如果ABCD 3=AB ︒=∠60A E CB 1=BE 与射线相交于点，那么 ▲ ．AE DB O =DO 三、解答题：（本大题共7题，满分78分）19．（本题满分10分）化简：．2122622--++÷----m mm m m m m m 分组（分）40～5050～6060～7070～8080～9090～100频数1218180频率0.160.04A CB图1A20．（本题满分10分）如图4，在中，点，点在轴正半轴上，且．AOB ∆)0,1(-A B y OA OB 2=（1）求点的坐标； （3分）B （2）将绕原点顺时针旋转，点落在轴正半轴的点处，抛物线AOB ∆O ︒90B x B '经过点两点，求此抛物线的解析式及对称轴．（7分）22++=bx ax y B A '、21．（本题满分10分）如图5，和相交于点，，．AC BD O B D ∠=∠CD AB 2=（1）如果的周长是9，求的周长； （4分）COD ∆AOB ∆（2）联结，如果的面积是16，求的面积． （6分）AD AOB ∆ACD ∆22．（本题满分10分）为迎接“五一”国际劳动节，某公司机床车间举行“车工技能竞赛”活动，竞赛规则：先车好240个零件的选手获胜．小李为了这次比赛刻苦训练、积极准备，在比赛中，小李每小时比原来多车10个零件，结果比原来提前2小时完成任务，荣获第一名．问小李比赛中每小时车多少个零件？23．（本题满分12分）如图6，在四边形中，，平分，，．ABCD CD AD =AC DAB ∠BC AC ⊥︒=∠60B （1）求证：四边形是等腰梯形； （6分）ABCD （2）取边的中点，联结．求证：四边形是菱形． （6分）AB E DE DEBCA BCDO图524．（本题满分12分）函数和的图像关于轴对称，我们把函数和x k y =x k y -=)0(≠k y x k y =xky -=叫做互为“镜子”函数．)0(≠k 类似地，如果函数和的图像关于轴对称，那么我们就把函数)(x f y =)(x h y =y 和叫做互为“镜子”函数．)(x f y =)(x h y =（1）请写出函数的“镜子”函数： ，（3分）43-=x y （2）函数的“镜子”函数是； （3分）322+-=x x y （3）如图7，一条直线与一对“镜子”函数（＞）和（＜）的图像x y 2=x 0xy 2-=x 0分别交于点，如果，点在函数（＜）的“镜C B A 、、2:1:=AB CB C xy 2-=x 0子”函数上的对应点的横坐标是，求点的坐标． 21B 25．（本题满分14分）在中，，，ABC Rt ∆︒=∠90C 6=AC 于点，点是边上的动点．CB P O AB （1）如图8，将⊙绕点旋转得到⊙，请判断⊙与直线的位置关系；B P ︒180M M AB （4分）（2）如图9，在（1）的条件下，当是等腰三角形时，求的长； （5分）OMP ∆OA （3）如图10，点是边上的动点，如果以为半径的⊙和以为半径的N BC NB N OA ⊙外切，设，，求关于的函数关系式及定义域．（5O y NB =x OA =y x 分）．BOACP图9BOACP图8图10ONBAC2011学年第二学期徐汇区初三年级数学教改先锋学习能力诊断卷参考答案和评分标准一、选择题：（本大题共6题，每题4分，满分24分）1．C ； 2．A ； 3．D ； 4．B ； 5．D ； 6．D ．二．填空题：（本大题共12题，满分48分）7．； 8．； 9．； 10．； 11．（）； 36a 232-≥x 492)2(+=x y 442++=x x y 12．；10-13．； 14．； 15．； 16．； 17．； 18．或81≤x a b 3231-2700)2,321(+49．29三、（本大题共7题，第19、20、21、22题每题10分，第23、24题每题12分，第25题14分，满分78分）19. 解：原式＝……………………………（6分）221)1)(2()2)(3(--++⋅+-+-m mm m m m m m ＝………………………………………………（2分）223----m mm m ＝ ………………………………………………………（2分）23--m 20．解：（1）∵，∴……………………………………………（1分）)0,1(-A 1=OA ∵，∴ ………………………………………（1分）OA OB 2=2=OB ∴．…………………………………………………………（1分）)2,0(B （2）由题意，得，………………………………………………（1分）)0,2(B '∴ ，解得， …………………………（3分）⎩⎨⎧=++=+-022402b a b a ⎩⎨⎧=-=11b a ∴．………………………………………………（1分）22++-=x x y 对称轴为直线．………………………………………………（2分）21=x 21．解：（1） ∵，；B D ∠=∠BOA DOC ∠=∠∴∽，……………………………………………（1分）COD ∆AOB ∆∴…………………………………（2分）212===∆∆CD CD AB CD C C AOB COD ∵，∴．…………………………………（1分）9=∆COD C 18=∆AOB C （2）∵∽，COD ∆AOB ∆∴，．………………………（2分）2==CDABCO AO 41(2==∆∆AB CD S S AOB COD ∵，∴ ………………………………………（1分）16=∆AOB S 4=∆COD S 设中边上的高为．ADC ∆AC h ∴，∴． ………………（2分）22121==⋅⋅=∆∆CO AOh CO hAO S S CODADO8=∆AOD S ∴．……………………………………（1分）12=+=∆∆∆AOD COD ADC S S S 22．解： 设小李比赛中每小时车个零件，则小李原来每小时车个零件．（1分）x )10(-x 由题意，得；………………………………………（4分）224010240=--x x 化简，得 ； ……………………………………（2分）01200102=--x x 解得， ，； ……………………………………（2分）401=x 302-=x 经检验，都是原方程的根，但不合题意，舍去（1分）401=x 302-=x 302-=x 答： 小李比赛中每小时车个零件．4023．证明：（1）∵，∴CD AD =DAC DCA ∠=∠∵平分，∴AC DAB ∠CABDAC ∠=∠∴ ，∴∥…………………………………（2分）CAB DCA ∠=∠DC AB 在中，，ACB Rt ∆︒=∠90ACB ︒=∠60B ∴,∴ …………………………………（1分）︒=∠30CAB ︒=∠30DAC ∴，∴ ………………（1分）B DAB ∠=︒=︒+︒=∠603030BC AD =∵︒≠︒=︒+︒=∠+∠1801206060DAB B ∴与不平行， ………………………………………………（1分）AD BC ∴四边形是等腰梯形． ………………………………………（1分）ABCD （2）∵，，∴ …………………………（1分）CD AD =AD BC =CD BC =在中，，ACB Rt ∆︒=∠90ACB ︒=∠30CAB ∴, …………………………………………………（1分）BE AB BC ==21∴，∵∥……………………………………………（2分）BE CD =DC AB ∴四边形是平行四边形…………………………………………（1分）DEBC ∵CDBC =∴四边形是菱形．………………………………………………（1分）DEBC 24．解：（1）；………………………………………………………………（3分）43--=x y （2）；…………………………………………………………（3分）322++=x x y （3）分别过点作垂直于轴，垂足分别为A B C 、、A A B B C C '''、、x ．A B C '''、、设点、，其中＞，＞． ………………………（1分）)2,(m m B )2,(nn A m 0n 0由题意，得 点．……………………………………………………（1分）)4,21(-C ∴,，，，．4='C C m B B 2='n A A 2='m n B A -=''21+=''m C B 易知 ∥∥, 又C C 'B B 'A A '2:1:=AB CB 所以，可得 ，…………………………………………（2分）⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-=-+=-24(3222)21(2n n m m m n 化简，得 ，解得 （负值舍去）……………（1分）⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-=-3431113n m m n 6101±=m ∴， ∴…………………………（1分）341042-=m )34104,6101(-+B 25．解：（1）在R t △ABC 中，，∵，︒=∠90ACB 53sin ==AB AC B 6=AC ∴， ………………（1分）10=AB 86102222=-=-=AC AB BC 过点作，垂足为．……………………………………（1分）M AB MD ⊥D 在中，，∴， MDB Rt ∆︒=∠90MDB 53sin ==MB MD B ∵，∴＞……………………………………（1分）2=MB 56253=⨯=MD 1∴⊙与直线相离．…………………………………………………（1分）M AB （2）分三种情况：∵＞，∴＞；……………………………（1分）︒156=MD MP =1OM MP 当时，易得，︒2MP OP =︒=∠90MOB ∴，∴，∴；………（2分）108cos ===AB BC BM OB B 58=OB 542=OA当时，过点作，垂足为．︒3OP OM =O BC OE ⊥E∴，∴，∴．………（2分） 108cos ===AB BC OB EB B 815=OB 865=OA 综合，当是等腰三角形时，的长为或． ︒︒︒321、、OMP ∆OA 542865（3）联结，过点作，垂足为．ON N AB NF ⊥F 在中，，，；NFB Rt ∆︒=∠90NFB 53sin =B y NB =∴，；∴，…………………（1分）y NF 53=y BF 54=y x OF 5410--=∵⊙和⊙外切，∴；…………………………………（1分）N O y x ON +=在中，，∴；NFB Rt ∆︒=∠90NFB 222NF OF ON +=即；222)53()5410()(y y x y x +--=+∴；…………………………………………………………（2分）4050250+-=x xy 定义域为：＜＜．……………:………………………………………（1分）0x 5。
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2010学年第二学期徐汇区高三年级物理学科学习能力诊断卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）2011．4第Ⅰ卷本卷分单项选择题和多项选择题，共20小题，单项选择题每小题给出的四个答案中只有一个是正确的，选对得2分或3分；多项选择题每小题给出的四个答案中，有两个或两个以上是正确的.选对得4分；选对但不全，得2分；有选错或不答的，得0分.（一）单项选择题每小题2分，共16分.1．下列单位中属于国际单位制基本单位的是（）（A）牛顿（B）焦耳（C）库仑（D）安培2．下列现象中能说明分子间存在斥力的是（）（A）气体总是很容易充满容器（B）水的体积很难被压缩（C）两根玻璃棒用力挤压不能粘合在一起（D）用打气筒对车胎打气很费力3．密闭有空气的薄圆塑料瓶因降温而变扁，此过程中瓶内空气（不计分子势能）（）（A）内能增大，放出热量（B）内能减小，吸收热量（C）内能增大，对外界做功（D）内能减小，外界对其做功4．如图所示是一种应用逻辑电路制作的简易走道灯电路Array图，R0是一个光敏电阻，当走道里光线较暗时或将手动开关S接通时，灯都会亮。
则（）（A）虚线框内的门电路应是“或”门（B）虚线框内的门电路应是“与”门（C）当手动开关S接通时，门电路的输入端A是低电势（D）当有光照到光敏电阻R0上时，门电路的输入端B是高电势5．下列现象中，属于光的干涉现象的是（）（A）太阳光照射下肥皂泡上的彩色条纹（B）雨后天边出现彩虹（C）早晨东方天边出现红色朝霞（D）荷叶上的水珠在阳光下出现彩色花纹6．在物理学发展的过程中，有许多伟大的科学家做出了贡献。
下列关于科学家和他们的贡献的说法中正确的是（）（A）卢瑟福的 粒子散射实验说明原子核还可以分（B）爱因斯坦的光电效应实验说明光没有波动性（C）麦克斯韦提出电磁场理论并预言了电磁波的存在（D）贝克勒耳发现天然放射现象说明原子核是由质子和中子组成的7．潮汐现象主要是由于月球对地球的不同部分施加不同的万有引Array力而产生的。
可以近似认为地球表面均有水覆盖，如果地球与月球的相对位置如图所示，则在图中a、b、c、d四点中（）（A）a点处于高潮，c点处于低潮（B）b点既不处于高潮也不处于低潮（C）c点处于高潮，d点处于低潮（D ）d 点处于高潮，c 点处于低潮8．用中子轰击氧原子核的核反应方程式为16 8 O ＋10 n →a 7 N ＋0b X ，则可知式中X 、a 、b 分别是 （ ）（A ）X 代表中子，a ＝17，b ＝1（B ）X 代表正电子，a ＝17，b ＝1（C ）X 代表电子，a ＝17，b ＝－1 （D ）X 代表质子，a ＝17，b ＝1 （二）单项选择题. 每小题3分，共24分.9．右图为α粒子穿过充满氮气的云室时拍摄的照片，在许多α粒子的径迹中有一条发生了分叉，分叉后有一条细而长的径迹和一条粗而短的径迹，则（ ）（A ）细而长的径迹是α粒子 （B ）细而长的径迹是氧核 （C ）粗而短的径迹是氧核（D ）粗而短的径迹是质子10．一物体自空中的A 点以一定的初速度竖直向上抛出，不计空气阻力，g 取10m/s 2，1s 后物体的速率变为10m/s ，则该物体此时（）（A ）位置一定在A 点上方，速度方向向上 （B ）位置一定在A 点上方，速度方向向下（C ）位置一定在A 点上方，速度方向可能向上也可能向下 （D ）位置一定在A 点下方，速度方向可能向上也可能向下11．如右图所示，A 、B 两点分别为一定质量的某种理想气体在两条等温线上的两个状态点，图示的两个直角三角形OAC 和OBD 的面积分别为S A 和S B ，则（）（A ）S A 一定大于S B （B ）S A 一定等于S B （C ）S A 一定小于S B（D ）无法比较它们的大小12．在竖直平面内的一段光滑圆弧轨道上有等高的两点M 、N ，它们所对圆心角小于10︒，P 点是圆弧的最低点，Q 为弧NP 上的一点，在QP 间搭一光滑斜面，将两小滑块（可视为质点）分别同时从Q 点和M 点由静止释放，则两小滑块的相遇点一定在（ ）（A ）P 点（B ）斜面PQ 上的一点（C ）PM 弧上的一点（D ）滑块质量较大的那一侧13．一段直导线长为l m ，其中通有1A 的恒定电流，由于它处于匀强磁场中，因而受到垂直于纸面向外的大小为l N 的磁场力作用，据此：（ ）（A ）磁感应强度的大小及方向都可以确定 （B ）磁感应强度的大小可以确定而方向不能确定 （C ）若再给出磁感应强度的大小，就能确定磁场的方向 （D ）若再给出磁场的方向，就能确定磁感应强度的大小14．如图所示，挡板垂直于斜面固定在斜面上，一滑块m 放在斜面上，其上表面呈弧形且左端最薄，一球M 搁在挡板与弧形滑块上，一切摩擦均不计，用平行于斜面的拉力F 拉住弧形滑块，使球与滑块均静止，M N P Q现将滑块平行于斜面向上拉过一较小的距离，球仍搁在挡板与滑块上且仍处于静止状态，则与原来相比（ ）（A ）木板对球的弹力增大 （B ）滑块对球的弹力增大 （C ）斜面对滑块的弹力不变 （D ）拉力F 减小15．如图所示，绳子一端系一物体，另一端跨过光滑小滑轮用力F 拉，使物体沿水平面匀速向右运动，在此过程中（ ） （A ）拉力F 一定逐渐增大 （B ）拉力F 一定逐渐减小（C ）拉力F 的功率一定逐渐增大 （D ）拉力F 的功率一定逐渐减小16．某同学设计了如图甲所示电路研究电源输出功率随外电阻变化的规律。
电源电动势E 恒定，内电阻r ＝6Ω，R 1为滑动变阻器，R 2、R 3为定值电阻，A 、V 为理想电表。
当滑动变阻器滑臂从a 到b 移动的过程中，输出功率随滑臂移动距离x 的变化情况如乙图所示，则R 1的最大阻值及R 2、R 3的阻值可能为下列哪组 （ ） （A ）12Ω、6Ω、6Ω （B ）6Ω、12Ω、4Ω （C ）12Ω、6Ω、2Ω （D ）6Ω、12Ω、8Ω （三）多项选择题. 每小题4分，共16分.17．如图所示，一简谐横波沿x 轴向正方向传播，轴上M 、N 两点相距21m ．t ＝0时M 点在平衡位置且向y 轴负方向运动，N 点为波谷；t ＝0.5s 时M 点为波谷，则该波的 （ ） （A ）波长可能是16.8m（B ）周期可能是0.4s（C ）波速可能是6m/s （D ）波速可能是5m/s18．如图所示，两端封闭、粗细均匀的U 形管，两边封有理想气体，U形管处于竖直平面内，且左管置于容器A 中，右管置于容器B 中，设A 中初温为T A ，B 中初温为T B ，此时右管水银面比左管水银面高h ，若同时将A 、B 温度升高∆T ，则（） （A ）h 可能不变（B ）左管气体体积一定减小 （C ）左管气体压强一定增大（D ）右管气体压强一定比左管气体压强增加的多 19．两电荷量分别为q 1和q 2的点电荷放在x 轴上的O 、M 两点，两电荷连线上各点电势φ随x 变化的关系如图所示，其中A 、N 两点的电势为零，ND 段中C 点电势最高，则（ ）（A ）C 点的电场强度大小为零 （B ）A 点的电场强度大小为零 （C ）NC 间场强方向向x 轴正方向乙（D ）将一负点电荷从N 点移到D 点，电场力先做正功后做负功20．如图所示，螺线管内有平行于轴线的匀强磁场，规定图中箭头所示方向为磁感应强度B 的正方向，螺线管与U 型导线框cdef 相连，导线框cdef 内有一半径很小的金属圆环L ，圆环与导线框cdef 在同一平面内。
当螺线管内的磁感应强度随时间按图示规律变化时（ ）（A ）在t 1时刻，金属圆环L 内的磁通量最大 （B ）在t 2时刻，金属圆环L 内的磁通量最大（C ）在t 1- t 2时间内，金属圆环L 内有逆时针方向的感应电流 （D ）在t 1- t 2时间内，金属圆环L 有收缩趋势第 Ⅱ 卷（四）填空题. 每小题4分，共20分.（第21题适合不同选修专题，小题序号后标有字母A 的试题，适合于选修应用专题的考生；标有字母B 的试题，适合于选修理论专题的考生；若同时选做A 、B 两类试题，阅卷时只以A 类试题计分。
）21A ．已知地球半径为R ，地球自转周期为T ，同步卫星离地面的高度为H ，万有引力恒量为G ，则同步卫星绕地球运动的线速度为________，地球的质量为________。
21B ．甲、乙两船（包括船上的人）的质量分别为500kg 和100kg ，静止于平静的水面上，甲船上的人通过绳拉乙船，绳的拉力大小为100N ，水对两船阻力大小均为20N ．这时以两船为系统，两船的动量________（填“守恒”或“不守恒”）， 若两船在平静的水面上相向行驶，甲的速度为向东3m/s ，乙的速度为向西6m/s ，经一段时间后，两船撞到一起。
此时，甲、乙的速度为向____的______m/s ．22．如图所示电路中，灯L 1的电阻为R 1＝6Ω，灯L 3的电阻为R 3＝3Ω，闭合电键S 后，电压表示数为9V ，电流表示数为1A ，由于某个灯断路而使电压表示数改变了3.6V ，电流表示数改变了0.8A ，则灯L 2的电阻为__________Ω，该电源的电动势为__________V 。
23．如图所示，固定斜面的倾角为θ＝37︒，物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数为μ＝0.25，物体受到平行于斜面的力F 作用静止开始运动，力F 随时间t 变化规律如图（以平行于斜面向上为正方向），前4s 内物体运动的最大加速度大小为__________m/s 2，前4s 内物体的位移大小为__________m 。
24．如图所示，在距水平地面高均为0.4m 处的P 、Q 两处分别固定两光滑小定滑轮，细绳跨过滑轮，一端系一质量为m A ＝2.75kg 的小物块A ，另一端系一质量为m B ＝1kg 的小球B 。
半径R ＝0.3m 的光滑半圆形轨道竖直地固定在地面上，其圆心O 在P点的正下方，且与两滑轮在同一竖直平面内，小F /－球B 套在轨道上，静止起释放该系统，则小球B 被拉到离地__________m 高时滑块A 与小球B 的速度大小相等，小球B 从地面运动到半圆形轨道最高点时的速度大小为__________m/s 。
25．如图所示，两条间距为L 的光滑平行导电导轨MN 、PQ 与水平面成θ角放置，上端跨接定值电阻R ，一长也为L 、电阻不计的金属棒搁在导轨上，在导轨所在处有三个匀强磁场区和一个无磁场区，磁场边界均平行于金属棒，磁场宽均为L ，磁场方向如图且均垂直于导轨平面，磁感应强度B 2＝2B 1，无磁场区宽也为L ，金属棒从导轨上方距最上方的磁场的上边界L 处静止起下滑，进入最上方磁场时恰好做匀速运动，且每次到达一个磁场的下边界前都已达到匀速运动，图中已画出金属棒穿过第一个磁场区过程中的电流（以a →b 为正方向）随下滑距离x 变化的图像，请画出金属棒穿过后两个磁场区过程中的电流随下滑距离x 变化的图像。