研究生入学考试英语翻译详解
2013年研究生入学考试英语一翻译试题详解
2013年研究生入学考试英语一翻译试题详解46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand。
全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)解析(2017-2019)
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English1-5 ACBAD 6-10 ADCDC11-15 DBBCB 16-20 CABADSection II Reading Comprehension21-25 ACDDC 26-30 BAB C D31-35 DCDCA 36-40 CACBD41-45 FEACGPart C English-Chinese Translation46. 但尽管说英语的人数在进一步扩大，仍有迹象表明，英语的全球优势地位在不久的将来会逐渐减弱。
47. 有些人可能认为英语的全球地位很稳定，英国年轻人不需要额外的语言能力。
大卫的分析因此会结束这些人的自满情绪。
48. 很多国家正把英语纳入小学课程，但是似乎并没有人给予英国的学童和学生更大的鼓励，让他们能去熟练地掌握其他语言。
49. 英语的一些机构负责向其他国家的人民和广泛的教育行业提供语言服务，大卫·格兰多指出的这些变化都给这些机构带来了明确而重大的挑战。
50. 预测到需求可能产生变化，给这些组织奠定了基础，可以做出规划，来迎接可能是一个截然不同的运营环境。
Section III Writing略2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English1-5 CADBD 6-10 BCDBA11-15 BBACD 16-20 ACBACSection II Reading Comprehension21-25 DCADB 26-30 DABCA31-35 BCDDB 36-40 BAACD41-45 EGABDPart C English-Chinese Translation46.莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。
47.任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。
研究生入学统一考试试题及答案（英语一）
研究生入学统一考试试题及答案（英语一）(5)43【G】解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。
同时下段开头出现了代词such background，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。
故选择G。
另外，G中Rather表示转折，与43空前句开头的not 构成“not rather”的“不是而是”结构44【B】解析：44段中空，看上下句。
此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation; background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation 逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations. 故选择B。
另外，B中Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是44空前who we are的具体阐述。
45【A】解析：45段中空，看上下句。
最后一段首句主语是we, 所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。
另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句How we read a given text 和our particular interest in reading it 的具体阐述。
A 中的信息是45空后句such dimensions of reading 的指代对象。
Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, theinterplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory whichis now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nationout of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.【参考译文】在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2019年考研英语真题答案及解析
【考点】句内语义+动词短语搭配。
【解析】空格所在句意为：但是手机________电池，而电池耗尽的速度会比我们意识到的更快。“空
格动词+on”需体现“手机”与“电池”的关系，由句首 But（体现上下文语义转折：手机功能固然强
大，但一切最终取决于电池）以及常识“手机是依靠电池提供能量才得以运转”可以判断[C] run 正确，
度副词 well（大大地，远远地）修饰，意为“完全偏离路线/迷路”，故[B] off 符合文意。
7. [A] unattractive 无吸引力的；不好的
[B] uncrowded 不拥挤的
[C] unchanged 未改变过的
[D] unfamiliar 不熟悉的，不了解的
【答案】D
【考点】形容词辨析。
10.[A] immediately 即刻，马上；立即
[B] intentionally 故意地，蓄意地
[C] unexpectedly 出人意料地
[D] eventually 终于，最终
【答案】D
【考点】句内语义逻辑。
【解析】句子结构 if...,you should...（如果……，你应该会……；此处 should 用于“表示预期”，指
“应该会、可能”）明确“条件 结果”的句内逻辑，即主句中“看到人的迹象”是从句中条件“朝
下坡方向走”达成的结果，选项中符合文意的只有[D] eventually，该词强调“（经过一番困难后）最终”，
符合“一路向下、同时不断追寻水源”的语境。
词汇注释与难句分析
trail 【乡间或森林里的】小路；痕迹；踪迹 downhill 下坡的
帮助迷路者重返文明社会，one of which 引导定于从句，引出其中一个技巧：沿着陆地走。
研究生入学考试英语试题及解析(二)
39. ［A］ competitive ［B］ controversial ［C］ distracting ［D］ irrational
40. ［A］ above ［B］ upon ［C］ against ［D］ with
29. ［A］ indeed ［B］ hence ［C］ however ［D］ therefore
30. ［A］ brought ［B］ followed ［C］ stimulated ［D］ characterized
31. ［A］ unless ［B］ since ［C］ lest ［D］ although
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up,beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 th e 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful,and they became "personal" too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 in creasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 . It was within the computer age that the term"information society" began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic ,political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.
全国硕士研究生统一招生考试 -英语(二)翻译-真题解析
翻译长难句三步法（杜绝逐字逐句）第一步：拆-主干+修饰（找信号词）副词、介词、从句、to do/doing/done、逗号第二步：译-分别；第三步：合-译文组合成句（逐层合并）调整顺序+独立成句2014年20141-Many people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.分拆：1-Many people would define optimism as being endlessly happy2- with a glass that’s perpetually half full.分译：1-大多数人会定义乐观主义为无止境的快乐2-带着一个永远是半满的玻璃杯。
润色：大多数人将乐观定义为无尽的快乐正如杯子里总有半杯水那样。
组合：大多数人将乐观定义为无尽的快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。
2-But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologistswouldn’t recommend.分拆：1-But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness2- that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.分译：1-但是，那确实是一种错误的庆祝2-积极的心理学家们是不会推荐的。
润色：但那确实是错误的快乐积极的心理学家们并不推荐。
组合：但这恰恰不是真正的快乐，积极心理学家们并不提倡。
3-”Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says T al Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.分拆：1- ”Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”2- says T al Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.分译：1-“健康的乐观主义意味着接触现实，”2- 一位来自哈佛大学的教授Tal Ben-Shahar 说道润色：健康的乐观意味着与现实相关哈佛大学的教授Tal Ben-Shahar 说组合：哈佛大学的教授T al Ben-Shahar 说：“健康的乐观意味着与现实相关”.4-According to Ben-Shaher, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. 分拆：1- According to Ben-Shaher2- realistic optimists are those3- who make the best of things that happen4-but not those who believe everything happens for the best.分译：1-根据BS2-现实的乐观主义者是那类人3-他们充分利用发生的事情4-而不是那类相信一切发生都会是最好的人润色：按照Ben-Shaher的说法现实的乐观主义是那些人那些从发生的事情中力求得到最大收获的人但不是那些指望凡事都有最好结果的人组合：按照Ben-Shaher的说法，现实的乐观主义是那些不管发生什么事情都力求从中得到最大收获的人，而不是那些指望凡事都有最好结果的人。
研究生英语考试(上学期)英翻译
6、Thunder and lighting crackevery 15 to 20 minutes,elephants’ ear flapback and forth, andcurators bring outlive birds anddiscusshow they interact with the rainforest.
虽然沃尔玛的成就辉煌，但人们到市郊购物的做法和美国对中国日益增长的贸易逆差并非由沃尔玛一手造成。
4:that is hugeby the usual standards of retailing,andyet no trust-buster should allow himself to become agitated about that sort of market concentration.
大学的教学必须顾及学生的需求，要以购物中心的方式提供多门课程其吸引尽可能多的学生。
2.However, scientifically talentedyoungAmericansare contributing articlesin scientific and technical journals that are cited in excess of the United States' world share.
或许既可以把美国看作一个充满机会的国家，有天分的人在本国不得志而在此可尽展才华，也可以把美国看作一个狡猾的商人，以提供更高的薪水和更好的实验设备去诱惑那些最优秀和最聪明的人才。
Unit 3-1 Adventures In shopping
2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析
XX年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析日常问候用语是考生必须熟练运用的知识，这与考生的口语操练有很大关系。
说促进听，是许多英语学习者的心得。
而且日常问候要视人而定，如英国人见面谈天气，美国人见面问身体等。
下面作详细介绍：1.问候类(Greetings)英语中的问候用语非常繁多，正式的通常有： How do youdo?(初次见面通常用语) How are you?(比较熟悉的人之间用语) How are you getting along with...?(你近来...可好?) Howare you doing?(您工作还顺利吧?) How is everything?(一切还好吧?) How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christ ___sDay/weekend?(假期怎么样?)当今美国社会流行口语用语，大致有： What's up?(近来可忙?) Hello?Hi? What's going on?(近来可好?) How is life? How is it going?anything new? Pleased to meet you again!对以上问候的对答通常有How do you do! Fine!Thank you，and you? Every is fine! I'm just great! Very(quite)well，thank you! Couldn't be better，thank you! Not bad! Can't plain! Just so so.值得一提的是，随着美语越来越广泛地渗透，听力中用美语朗读且以美国社会为背景的题材的趋势愈加明显。
考生要注意日常口语对话，及时吸取信息，将对听力有很大的帮助。
请看下面的对话：A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven??t seen you for ages, but how are you?A：Fine, I??m just fine, Ms Lucy...2.告别类(Farewell)有聚总有散。
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翻译部分本部分教学目的与重点：1. 在职硕士翻译题的特点与要求；2. 英译汉中各种句式结构的转换技巧。
Passage 1The office desk, as we know it, may have had its day. A large study on the future of work in the UK predicts the rise of the “mobile worker” moving with notebook computer and mobile phone between office, home, hotel, airport or highway service station as the needs of a job demand. Today, more than five million people already spend some time working at home or on the move, according to a recent report. That number will rise dramatically over the coming decades, with mobile work becoming one of the fastest-growing types of employment.According to the study “Working in the Twenty-First C entury”, individuals will not necessarily see themselves as working from home. They could equally be working from the office, but they will be on the move from place to place, working at various times of the day, for much of the week. For a large proportion of workers, work in twenty years’ time will be more about movement than staying in one place. (166 words)Passage 1第一句：The office desk, as we know it, may have had its day.本句是一个简单句，含有一个插入语as we know。
”译文：众所周知，办公桌办公的时代也许已经结束了。
分析：1、as we know众所周知；have its day已过全盛时期，不再应时。
第二句：A large study on the future of work in the UK predicts the rise of the “mobile worker” moving with notebook computer and mobile phone between office, home, hotel, airport or highway service station as the needs of a job demand.本句的as the needs of a job demand是as引导了一个原因状语从句译文：关于英国未来工作模式的一项大型研究预测，由于工作需要，在办公室、家、饭店、机场或高速公路服务站中，用笔记本电脑和手机工作的“移动工作人员”将越来越多。
分析：1、整个句子的主干是A study predicts the rise；2、on the future of work in the UK“关于英国未来工作模式的一项大型研究”，这里的on表示“关于”，整个“on… UK”介词短语做的是study的后置定语；3、moving …between office, home, hotel, airport or highway service station是现在分词短语做后置定语，修饰the “mobile worker”；4、with notebook computer and mobile phone是with短语表示伴随状语，修饰moving（移动）的状态；5、as the needs of a job demand是as引导的原因状语从句。
6、这个句子比较长，而且还带有with短语，现在分词短语以及从句，因此翻译的时候要结合汉语的表达习惯，注意调整句子顺序。
第三句：Today, more than five million people already spend some time working at home or on the move, according to a recent report.本句是一个简单句。
译文：根据最新的一份报告显示，现今已有500多万人花时间在家里，或者是在去某地的路上工作。
分析：1、spend some time working花时间工作；2、according to根据。
第四句：That number will rise dramatically over the coming decades, with mobile work becoming one of the fastest-growing types of employment.本句是一个简单句。
译文：随着流动型工作成为增长最快的职业之一，在未来几十年里，这个数字还将显著增长。
分析：1、dramatically显著地；2、over the coming decades意为“在未来几十年里”，over后面跟时间的时候，表示“在……期间”；3、“with…types of employment”短语为整个句子的伴随状语。
第五句：According to the study “Working in the Twen ty-First Century”, individuals will not necessarily see themselves as working from home.本句是一个简单句。
译文：根据“在21世纪工作”的研究表明，人们将不必持“离家上班”的理念。
分析：1、according to根据；2、not necessarily部分否定，翻译为“不一定”；3、individuals 意为“有某种特点的一类人”，individual个人的；4、see ... as“把……看作”，句中引申义为“人们不再非要认为只有离家才能上班”。
第六句：They could equally be working from the office, but they will be on the move from place to place, working at various times of the day, for much of the week.本句的but引导了一个表示转折关系的并列句。
译文：他们一样可以在办公室工作，但在一周大部分时间里，他们只得在不同的时段，在一个地点赶往另一个地点的途中工作。
分析：1、equally同样地；2、on the move from place to place从一个地方换到另一个地方；3、这个句子中的短语“working...”和“for...”要根据中文的表达习惯来组织顺序。
第七句：For a large proportion of workers, work in twenty years’ time will be more about movement than staying in one place.本句是一个简单句。
译文：对大部分人来说，20年后的工作，与其说是待在一个地方，不如说是在迁移。
分析：1、a large proportion of大部分；2、work in twenty years’ time20意为“20年后的工作”，这里的in后面跟一个表示将来的时间段；3、more…than… 与其……不如……。
Passage 2Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term friends if you treat it right.Horses understand words better than expected, since horses can hear the human voice better than even dogs can, due to their particular range of hearing. And scientists predict that trainers could have greater success if they use more verbal commands in their horse training programs.Horses possess excellent memories, which allow horses to not only recall their human friends after a long period of separation but also to remember some complex human instructions for ten years or more. The bonds with humans are likely an extension of horse behavior in the wild, since horses value their own horse relatives and friends, and are also open to new, non-threatening acquaintances. Horses maintain long-term bonds with several members of their family group, but they also interact temporarily with members of other groups when forming herds. (156 words)Passage 2第一句：Human friends may come and go, but a horse could be one of your most loyal, long-term friends if you treat it right.本句是一个并列复合句，but引导了一个表示转折的并列句，if引导了一个条件句。