生化英语词汇
生化单词背诵
Adenine腺嘌呤Adenosine腺苷Adenosine monophosphate腺苷一磷酸Chromatin 染色质Cytosine 胞嘧啶Cytidine 胞苷Deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸Double helix 双螺旋Genome 基因组Genomics 基因组学Guanine 鸟嘌呤Guanosine 鸟苷Messenger RNA 信使RNANucleoside triphosphate 核苷三磷酸Nucleosome 核小体Purine 嘌呤Pyrimidine 嘧啶Ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸Ribosomal RNA 核糖体RNA Ribozyme 核酶Transfer RNA 转运RNAUracil 尿嘧啶Uridine 尿苷Alanine 丙氨酸Amino acids 氨基酸Arginine 精氨酸Asparagine 天冬酰胺Aspartic acid 天冬氨酸Cysteine 半胱氨酸Glutamic acid 谷氨酸Glutamine 谷氨酰胺Glutathione 谷胱甘肽Glycine 甘氨酸Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Histidine 组氨酸Isoleucine 异亮氨酸Leucine 亮氨酸Lysine 赖氨酸Methionine 蛋氨酸Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Peptide 肽Phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸Primary structure 一级结构Proline 脯氨酸Proteome 蛋白质组Proteomics 蛋白质组学Quaternary structure四级结构Secondary structure二级结构Serine丝氨酸Tertiary structure 三级结构Threonine 苏氨酸Tryptophan 色氨酸Tyrosine酪氨酸Valine 缬氨酸Chondroitin sulfate硫酸软骨素Dermatan sulfate 硫酸皮肤素Fibronectin 纤连蛋白Glycobiology 糖生物学Glycolipid 糖脂Glycomics 糖组学Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Glycosaminoglycan 糖胺聚糖Glycosidase糖苷酶Heparan 类肝素Heparan sulfate硫酸类肝素Hyaluronic acid 透明质酸Integrin 整合蛋白Keratan sulfate 硫酸角质素Laminin 层连蛋白Proteoglycan 蛋白聚糖Selectin 选择素Ascorbic acid抗坏血酸Biotin 生物素Carotenoid 类胡萝卜素Cholecalciferol 胆钙化醇Cobalamin 钴胺素Flavin adenine dinucleotide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸Multiprenylmenaquinone 多异戊烯甲基萘醌Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸Pantothenic acid 泛酸Pyridoxal phosphate 磷酸吡哆醛Retinol binding protein 视黄醇结合蛋白Riboflavin 核黄素Tetrahydrofolic acid 四氢叶酸Thiamin pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素Tocopherol 生育酚Abzyme 抗体酶Substrate 底物Allosteric enzyme 变构酶Competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制Double reciprocal plot 双倒数作图Essential group 必需基团Hydrolases 水解酶类Irreversible inhibition 不可逆性抑制Isomerases 异构酶类Kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions 酶促反应动力学Ligases 连接酶类Lyases 裂合酶类Oxidoreductases 氧化还原酶类Prosthetic group 辅基Reversible inhibition 可逆性抑制Specificity 特异性Transferases 转移酶类Zymogen 酶原Aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化Citrate synthase 柠檬酸合酶Fructose-6-phosphate 果糖-6-磷酸Gluconeogenesis 葡糖异生Glucose 葡萄糖Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphatedehydrogenase3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶Glycogen 糖原Glycogenesis 糖原生成Glycogenolysis 糖原分解Glycolysis糖酵解Hexokinase 己糖激酶α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合物Malic acid 苹果酸Pentose phosphate pathway磷酸戊糖途径Phosphoenolpyruvate磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶Phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶Phosphorylase 磷酸化酶Pyruvate 丙酮酸Pyruvate carboxylase 丙酮酸羧化酶Succinyl CoA 琥珀酰辅酶ATricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环Catalase 过氧化氢酶Cytochrome 细胞色素Electron transfer chain 电子传递链Flavoprotein 黄素蛋白Glycerophosphate shuttle 磷酸甘油穿梭Iron-sulfur protein 铁硫蛋白Malate-aspartate shuttle 苹果酸－天冬氨酸穿梭Monooxygenase 加单氧酶Oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化Perioxidase 过氧化物酶Superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶Ubiquinone 泛醌Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸Acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋白Apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白Arachidonic acid 花生四烯酸Cardiolipin 心磷脂Carnitine acyl transferase肉碱－脂酰转移酶Cholesterol 胆固醇Cholesterol ester 胆固醇酯Chylomicron 乳糜微粒Fat 脂肪β-hydroxybutyrateβ-羟基丁酸Ketone bodies 酮体Leukotriene 白三烯Lipase 脂酶Lipoprotein 脂蛋白Phosphatidyl choline 磷脂酰胆碱Phosphatidyl ethanolamine 磷脂酰乙醇胺Phosphatidyl inositol 磷脂酰肌醇Prostaglandin 前列腺素Sphingomyelin 鞘磷脂Squalene 鲨烯Triglyceride 甘油三酯Triacylglycerol 三脂酰甘油Thromboxane 血栓噁烷Very low density lipoprotein极低密度脂蛋白S-adenosyl methionine S－腺苷蛋氨酸Aminotransferase 氨基转移酶Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶Creatine phosphate 磷酸肌酸Glutaminase 谷氨酰胺酶Glutamate dehydrogenase 谷氨酸脱氢酶Homocysteine 同型半胱氨酸Nitrogen balance 氮平衡Norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate 3’-磷酸腺苷5’-磷酸硫酸Polyamine 多胺Proteosome 蛋白酶体Purine nucleotide cycle 嘌呤核苷酸循环Putrefaction 腐败作用Spermine 精胺Transaminase 转氨酶Ubiquitin 泛素De novo synthesis 从头合成6-mercaptopurine6-巯基嘌呤Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate 磷酸核糖焦磷酸Salvage pathway 补救途径Thioredoxin reductase 硫氧还蛋白还原酶Chemical modification 化学修饰Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病Inducer 诱导物Rate limiting enzymes 限速酶Repressor 阻遏物Serine/threonine protein phosphatase丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶Bidirectional replication 双向复制Endonuclease 内切核酸酶Exonuclease 外切核酸酶Gene expression 基因表达Polymerases 聚合酶类Primase 引发酶Primosome引发体Proliferating cell nuclear antigen 增殖细胞核抗原Recombination repairing 重组修复Replicon 复制子Reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Semiconservative replication 半保留复制Single stranded DNA binding protein 单链DNA结合蛋白Telomerase 端粒酶Telomere 端粒DNA topoisomerase DNA拓扑异构酶Cis-acting element顺式作用元件Hybrid duplex 杂化双链Posttranscriptional processing 转录后加工Promoter启动子Small nuclear RNA 小核RNASplicesome 拼接体Template strand 模板链Antibiotics 抗生素Cap-site binding protein 帽子结合蛋白Chloromycetin 氯霉素Diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素Eukaryote 真核生物Genetic code 遗传密码Insulin 胰岛素Interferon 干扰素Molecular chaperone 分子伴侣Parathyroid hormone 甲状旁腺激素Streptomycin 链霉素Translational initiation complex翻译起始复合物Transpeptidase 转肽酶Chapter 15 Regulation of Gene Expression第十五章基因表达的调控Attenuator 衰减子Catabolite gene activation protein代谢分解物基因活化蛋白Consensus sequence 共有序列Enhancer 增强子Housekeeping gene 看家基因Operator 操纵基因Operon操纵子Polycistronic mRNA 多顺反子mRNAChapter 16 Oncogene, Tumor Suppressor Gene , and Growth Factors第十六章癌基因、抑癌基因和生长因子Apoptosis 凋亡Autocrine 自分泌Cyclin dependence protein kinase细胞周期蛋白依赖的蛋白激酶Differentiation 分化Endocrine 内分泌Epidermal growth factor 表皮生长因子Fibroblast growth factor 成纤维生长因子Granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor粒细胞－巨噬细胞集落刺激因子Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene免疫球蛋白重链基因Paracrine 旁分泌Platelet derived growth factor血小板源生长因子Proliferation 增殖Protooncogene 原癌基因Retrovirus 逆转录病毒Transformation growth factor转化生长因子Vascular endothelial growth factor血管内皮生长因子Alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶Bacteriophage 噬菌体Cosmid 粘粒Diethyl aminoethyl-dextran,DEAE-Dextran DEAE－葡聚糖Digoxigenin 地高辛Genetic engineering 基因工程Genomic library 基因文库Isopropyl thiogalactoside异丙基硫代半乳糖苷Molecular hybridization 分子杂交Photobiotin 光敏生物素Plasmid 质粒Polymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应Restriction endonuclease限制性内切核酸酶Restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism限制性片段长度多态性Single strand conformationpolymorphism单链构象多态性Transduction 转导Transfection 转染Transformation 转化Transgenic animals 转基因动物Ankyrin 锚蛋白Endocytosis 胞吞Exocytosis 胞吐Facilitated diffusion 易化扩散Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching光漂白荧光恢复Glycocalyx 糖萼Liposome 脂质体Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Pinocytosis 胞饮作用Serpentine receptor 蛇型受体Spectrin 血影蛋白Adaptor protein 连接物蛋白Atrial natriuretic factor 心钠素Calmodulin 钙调蛋白Cytokine 细胞因子Guanine nucleotide binding protein 鸟苷酸结合蛋白Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor 鸟苷酸交换因子Guanylin 鸟苷蛋白Mitogen-activated protein kinase 有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶Neurotransmitter 神经递质Protein kinase 蛋白激酶Receptor tyrosine protein kinase 受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶Albumin 清蛋白Aminolevulinic acid δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸Antithrombin III 抗凝血酶IIIBlood coagulation 血液凝固Erythropoietin 促红细胞生成素Extrinsic pathway 外源性途径High molecular weight kininogen 高分子量激肽原Intrinsic pathway 内源性途径α2-macroglobulin α2-巨球蛋白Plasminogen 纤溶酶原Prekallikrein 前激肽释放酶Prophobilinogen 胆色素原Thrombomodulin 凝血调节素Transglutaminase 转谷氨酰胺酶Bilinogen 胆素原Bilirubin 胆红素Bilirubin glucuronide 葡糖醛酸胆红素Biliverdin 胆绿素Biotransformation 生物转化Chenodeoxycholic acid鹅脱氧胆酸Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 胆固醇7α-羟化酶Cholic acid 胆酸Conjugation reaction 结合反应Deoxycholic acid 脱氧胆酸Fetoprotein α-甲胎蛋白Glycochenodeoxycholic acid 甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸Heme oxygenase 血红素加氧酶Lithocholic acid 石胆酸Mesobilirubinogen 中胆素原Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system 微粒体乙醇氧化系统Stercobilinogen 粪胆素原Taurochenodeoxycholic acid 牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid 尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸Cadherin 钙粘蛋白Choline acetyltransferase 胆碱乙酰转移酶Glia fibrillary acidic protein 胶质原纤维酸性蛋白Ionotropic receptor 促离子型受体Metabotropic receptor 促代谢型受体Microtubule associated protein 微管伴随蛋白Myelin basic protein 髓鞘碱性蛋白Nitric oxide synthase 一氧化氮合酶Aldosterone 醛固酮Antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素Calcitonin 降钙素Calcium 钙Ceruloplasmin 血浆铜蓝蛋白Chromium 铬Ferritin 铁蛋白Fluorine 氟Hemosiderin 血铁黄素Iodine 碘Iron 铁Magnesium 镁Manganese 锰Molybdenum 钼Parathormone 甲状旁腺素Phosphorus 磷Potassium 钾Selenium 硒Sodium 钠Trace element 微量元素Transferritin 运铁蛋白Zinc 锌。
常用生化词汇
常用简称认证与协议Certificate and TreatyLIMS: Laboratory Information Management System [ lə' bɔrə tə ri ]HIS: Hospital Informational systemLIS: la’boratory information SystemGMP: Good Manufacturing PracticeISO: International Standardization Organization [ ,stæn dədai 'zei ʃən ] OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer [ə'ridʒənəl]QA: Quality AssuranceTCP: Transmission Control Protocol传输控制协议[ 'prəu təkɔl ]IP: Internet Protocol 互联网协议SD: standard deviation标准差[ ,di: vi 'ei ʃən ]CV:Coefficient of variation 变异系数[ ,kəu i 'fi ʃənt ]组织和企业Organization and EnterpriseCMEF: China international medical equipment fairWHO: World Health OrganizationCCCLS: Chinese Committee For Clinical Laboratory Standard 中国临床检验标准委员会FDA: Food and Drug administration （美国）食品及药物管理委员会硬件HardwarePMT: photomultiplier tube 光电二极管LED: light emitting diode 发光二极管EMI: electro-magnetic interference 电磁干扰DC: direct current 直流电EM-Valve: Electro—magnetic valve 电磁阀[ væ lv ]PCB: Printed Circuit Boards 印制电路板NM：nanometer纳米[ 'nei nə, mi: tə]LLD: Liquid Level Detection 液面检测OD：Optical Density吸光度[ 'den səti ]仪器instrumentHA: hematology a’nalyzer血球仪[ ' ænəla iz ]EA: “electrolyte analyzer”电解质仪[ i' lek trəu lait ]ELIASA: enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay 酶标仪USCOM : 监护仪ACA: Automatic Chemistry Analyzer 全自动生化仪MRI: magnate resonance imaging 核磁共振成像IVD: in vitro diagnostic体外诊断[ dai aɡ'nɔs tik ]CSF Cerebro’spinal fluid脑脊髓液[ se ri brəu ' sen trik] [ ‘ flu: id ] CE：European Conformity 欧共体认证TEMP: temperature 温度hemiluminescent analyzer 化学发光分析仪Phase Chemiluminescence Analyzer 液相化学发光分析仪Patient Monitor 监护仪Fetal monitor 胎儿监护仪Blood Pressure monitor 血压监护仪性能和功能Instrument Performance and functionFully automatic discrete 全自动恒速[ 'ɔ: təu mæt ]random access恒速[ 'æk ses ]reagentSample dilution样品稀释[ ri: 'ei dʒənt] [ dai 'lju: ʃən ] collision protection碰撞保护[ prəu 'tek ʃən ]absorbance 吸光度Equipment type 仪器类型batch input 批量录入Analysis rate 分析周期Test principle 测试原理Analysis method 分析方法（试剂）[ ə' næ ləsis ]OD linear range吸光度线性范围[ 'li niə] [ rein dʒ] Specification 规格Technical parameter技术参数[ pə'ræ mi tə]Wavelength 波长Water consumption 耗水量photometry range 光度测量范围cross contamination 交叉污染refrigerated function 试剂制冷功能[ ri 'fri dʒəreit ]remote maintenance远程维护[ ' mein tənəns ]Sample probe carrying rate 样品针交叉污染率Optical diameter 光径[ dai 'æ mi tə]Dimension 尺寸throughout 生产量（测试量）[ θru:'aut ]Centigrade 摄氏度Hydro Pneumatic液路系统[ 'hai drəu] [ nju: 'mæ tik]liquid level tracking 随量追踪Procedure步骤，程序[ prə' si: dʒə]Grating photometry 光栅分光Optical system 光学系统Operating system 操作系统High precision高精度[ pri' si ʒən]Which ensure high precision of sampling, low maintenance costHigh pressure rinsing高压冲洗[ 'rin siŋ ]Stream washing 涌泉清洗Ambient环境杂光影响Which reduces ambient light interference to get accurate result [ 'æ kju rət ] Super micro analysis 超微量检测Assay: 化验、分析[ ə' sei ]Dynamic 动态Distortion失真[ dis 'tɔ: ʃən ]Data overflow 数据溢出Penetrating 穿，渗透Continuousrefrigeration连续制冷[ ri, fri dʒə' rei ʃən ]Overall performance 整体性能photoelectriccolorimetry光学比色法[ 'kʌlə'ri mətri ]Clinical diagnosis临床检验[ dai əɡ'nəu sis ]Liquid level detection 液面检测clot detection 凝块检测Automaticreal-timeonline help 实时在线求助dormancy and wake 自动待机[ 'dɔ: mən si ]硬件hardwarestirrer搅拌针[ 'stə: rə]Discs 盘probe 探针horologic driver 钟表螺丝刀Light source 光源inkjet 喷墨打印机laser printer 激光打印机[ 'lei zə]standard RS—232interface 标准RS-232串口halogen lamp 卤素灯[ 'hæ lədʒin ]Photodiode光电二极管[ ,fəu təu ' da i əud ]Rigid plasticreaction Cuvette坚固塑料反应杯[ ku: 'vet ]barcode 条形码universal reagentbottles 通用试剂盒Monochrometer分光器[ ,mɔnəu' krɔmi tə ]lens 透镜[ len z ]main fiber 主光纤filter 滤光片[ fil tə]barcode scanner 内置条形码识别器水槽Detector 检测器Amplifier放大器[ 'æm pli fa iə ]Ultraviolet紫外线[ ,ʌl trə'vai ələt ]Semiconductor 半导体[ se mi kən 'dɔk tə]STAT position 急诊号Back (rear)Spectrophoto metry 分光光度计测量Reduce cross contamination effectively有效较少较差污染[ ri 'dju: s ] [ I 'fek tiv li ] openreagent design 开放试剂设计LED indicator 二极管指示灯[ 'seif ti ]The LED indicator for sample disk spinning can ensure the safety of inserting sample randomly Liquid level detectionand collision detection 液面检测及防碰撞检测20ul-35ul，1ul steppingCirculating water 循环水浴恒温With the function of concentrated waste liquid level alarming [ 'kɔn sən treit ]废液报警close structure 紧凑结构设计internalinnerinsulation layer内部绝缘层[ 'lei ə]incubating 保温，反应（卵化）ingdistill 滴下consecutive 连续不间断的bubble 气泡clog (clogged) 堵塞leakage泄露[ 'li: ki dʒ]thermal printer 热敏打印机[ 'θə: məl ]built—in thermal printeradopt 采用adopting the advance d high luminosity cold light source [ əd 'væn s ]approved by CE 经CE认证[ ə'pru: vd ]tungsten lamp 钨灯[ 'tʌŋstən ]real-timecurve monitoring 实时反应曲线监视[ kə: v ]programmable by the user(defined by user) 由用户设置[ prəu 'ɡræ məbl ]Optimize design 优化设计[ 'ɔpti maiz ]Serum血清[ 'si ərəm ]Urine尿液[ 'ju ərin ]Plasma 血浆Hemocyte 血细胞；血球[ 'hi: məsait ]—inoperating system 自带操作系统avoid block and crossed contamination 避免阻塞和交叉污染The equipment will change into standby stateDeviation偏差[ ,di: vi 'ei ʃən ]Key fittings 核心部件Ultrasound diagnostic 超声检测[ ,de klə'rei ʃən ]iCubio medical always adhere the declaration of <creation make the life more beautiful> Tubing 管子Tray 托盘[ trei ]Defective 缺陷Cable 电线Step motor 步进电机Radiator散热器[ 'rei di ei tə]PELTIER 帕尔贴[ pel 'tjei ]Transducer变换器、换能器[ trænz 'dju: sə]Amplify 放大器Convert Analog signal to Digital signalA/D转换Reset 清零、重置Syringe 注射器Aspirate吸入[ 'æs pəreit ]Dispense 注入Discharge 排放Capacitance 电容Capacitance between inner and outer probe tube is changed (液面检测板)No liquid or liquid volume is insufficient (no enough) [, in sə'fi ʃənt ]Faulty 有错误[ 'fɔ:l ti ]Upgrade software 升级软件Debag software 调试软件[ di: 'bæɡ]Deionized[ di: 'ai ənaiz ]water tank 去离子水箱wasteliquid tank 废液箱Eliminate清除[ i' li mi neit ]Eliminate all the interference sourceAdjust start position of photoelectric collectionV-position 垂直位置H-position 水平位置AXIS 轴[ 'æk sis ]The vertical axis indicates the measuring cycleThe horizontal axis indicates the measuring cycle(12s or 18s)Phase阶段[ feiz ]The reaction curve in this phase is supposed to be smooth or changing smoothly [ smu: ð]robable 可能原因Instruction 指令Single—step instruction and macro instruction operationJack / socket插座[ 'sɔkit ]Probe tips 针探头Bent 弯曲Following the sequenceHave logged on the windows operating systemDistilled water 蒸馏水[ dis ' tild ]Editing or revisingsample system 样品结果编辑及修改cap every reagent bottle on the reagent diskwipe 擦wipe the stains on the cuvettebrief introduction 简略说明[ bri: f ]serial port 串口[ 'si əriəl ]network interface 网络端口Home position 零位、原点Concave grating 凹面光栅Employ/adopt the concave flat-field grating for optics and the photodiode array to measure abs reading [ im 'plɔi ] [ 'me ʒə]Water supply system 供水系统Water drainage system 排水系统[ 'drei ni dʒ]Purifier 净化器[ 'pju əri fai ə]Muffler 消声器[ 'mʌflə]Liquidconfluence module 汇流系统（管）[ 'mɔdju:l, ]residual 残余量测试项目：Liver 肝功ALB Albumin[ 'æl bju min ]TP total protein[ 'prəu ti:n, ]A/GP/AAST Aspartate Aminotrandsferase [ ə'spɑ:teit ]ALT Alvanine AminotransferaseALP Alkaline phosphatase [ 'æl kəlain ] [ 'fɔs fəteis ]CHE Cholesterol [ kə 'les tərɔl ]GGT Glutamyl TransferaseT-BIL Total Biliburin-BIL Direct BiliburinU-BILKidney 肾功CREA CreatinineBUN/UREA Urea[ 'juəriə]UA Uric AcidK KaliomNA Natrium[ 'nei tri əm ]CL Cholride血脂CHO/TC CholesteralHDLLDLTG Triglyceride [ trai 'ɡli sərai d ]心肌酶CK—MB Creatine Kinase [ 'kri: əti:n ] [ 'kai neiz ]Isoenzyme MBAST AspartateAminotransferaseLDHHBDHCK血糖GLU Glucose [ 'ɡlu: kəus ]。
生化英语单词
protein蛋白质peptide bond 肽键conformation 空间构象motif 模体peptide unit 肽单元zinc finger 锌指domain 结构域molecular chaperon 分子伴侣denaturation 变性complementary base pairs 碱基互补配对anneal 退火phosphodiester bond 磷酸二酯键enzyme 酶proenzyme 酶原ribozyme 核酶hybridization 核酸分子杂交hyperchromic effect 增色效应nucleosome 核小体ribosome 核糖体melting temperature,Tm 解链温度isoenzyme同工酶restriction endonuclease 限制性核酸内切酶allosteric regulation 变构调节covalent modification 共价修饰vitamin 维生素glycolysis 糖酵解reversible inhibition 可逆性抑制作用aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制TCA cycle 三羧酸循环gluconeogenesis 糖异生substrate-level phosphorylation 底物水平磷酸化glucagon 胰高血糖素glycogen synthase 糖原合酶glycoprotein糖蛋白apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白fat mobilization 脂肪动员essential fatty acid必需脂肪酸phospholipid磷脂ketone bodies 酮体LPL 脂蛋白脂肪酶lipoprotein脂蛋白reverse cholesterol transport，RCT 胆固醇逆向转运biological oxidation 生物氧化oxidative respiratory chain氧化呼吸oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化nitrogen balance 氮平衡putrefaction 腐败作用SAM S-腺苷甲硫氨酸urea cycle 尿素循环one carbon unit 一碳单位de novo synthesis 从头合成途径uric acid 尿酸biotransformation 生物转化bile pigment 胆色素semi-conservative replication 半保留复制replication fork 复制叉Okazaki fragment 冈崎片段telomere 端粒reverse transcription 逆转录transcription 转录template strand 模板链split gene 断裂基因exon 外显子intron 内含子promoter 启动子splicing 剪接translation 翻译open reading frame 开放阅读框signal peptide 信号肽codon 密码子frameshift mutation 框移突变operon 操纵子housekeeping gene 管家基因enhancer 增强子genome 基因组recombinant DNA 重组DNA expression vector 表达载体plasmid 质粒polymerase chain reaction，PCR 聚合酶链反应autophosphorylation 自我磷酸化receptor 受体second messenger 第二信使adenylate cyclase，AC 腺苷酸环化酶protein tyrosine kinase，PTK 蛋白酪氨酸激酶oncogene 癌基因。
英文版生物化学单词
12fatty acid脂肪酸phospholipid[,fɔsfə'lipid, -'lai-]n. [生化] 磷脂phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油sphingosine['sfiŋɡəsi:n, -sin]鞘胺醇,神经胺sphingomyelin[,sfinɡəu'maiəlin]（神经）鞘磷脂glycolipid[,ɡlaikəu'lipid]糖脂类cerebroside['seribrəsaid]脑苷脂ganglioside ['ɡæŋɡliəsaid][生化]神经节苷脂cholesterol[kə'lestərɔl]胆固醇amphipathic molecule[,æmfi'pæθik, 'æmfipɑ:θ]两亲水脂分子lipid bilayer['baileiə]脂质二重层liposome ['lipəusəum, 'lai-]脂质体hydropathy plot[hai'drɔpəθi]水疗法integral membrane protein整合膜蛋白peripheral membrane protein外周膜蛋白lateral diffusion径向扩散fluid mosaic model流动镶嵌模型targeting sequence目标序列receptor-mediated endocytosis [,endəusai'təusis]受体介导的内吞作用14Phototroph['fəutəu,trɔf] （利用光作为代谢能源的）光养生物；[微] 光能利用菌Chemotrop化学营养生物catabolism[kə'tæbəlizəm]分解代谢metabolism or intermediary metabolism[,intə'mi:diəri]新陈代谢或中间代谢anabolism[ə'næbəulizəm] [生化] 合成代谢；同化作用amphibolic pathway[,æmfi'bɔlik][生化]两用代谢途径；[生化]无定向代谢途径coupled reaction偶联反应activated carrier活化载体oxidation-reduction reaction氧化还原反应phosphoryl transfer potential[,fɔs'fɔ:ril; fɔs'fɔ:ril]磷酰基转移电势oxidative phosphorylation['ɔksideitiv,fɔsfəri'leiʃən] 氧化磷酸化ligation reaction[lai'ɡeiʃən]结扎反应isomerization reaction[ai,sɔmərai'zeiʃən, -ri'z-]异构化反应group-transfer reaction基团转移反应hydrolytic reaction水解反应addition to or formation of double-bond reaction增加或形成双键反应energy charge能荷phosphorylation potential[fɔ,sfɔri'leiʃən][有化]磷酸化作用电势16glycolysis[ɡlai'kɔlisis]糖醇解lactic acid fermentation[,fə:men'teiʃən]乳酸发酵alcoholic fermentation酒精发酵gluconeogenesis['ɡlu:kəu,ni:əu'dʒenisis]糖质新生，糖异生ob ligate anaerobe[æ'nεərəub]专性厌氧微生物facultative anaerobe兼性厌氧菌hexokinase[,heksəu'kaineis][生化]己糖激酶kinase['kaineiz, 'ki-]激酶phosphofructokinase (PFK) ['fɔsfəu,frʌktəu'kai,neis, -neiz]磷酸果糖激酶thioester intermediate[,θaiəu'estə]硫代酸酯中间物substrate-level phosphorylation[fɔ,sfɔri'leiʃən]底物水平磷酸化mutase['mju:teis]变位酶enol phosphate['i:nɔl]烯醇磷酸pyruvate kinase[pai'ru:veit, pi-]丙酮酸激酶bifunctional enzyme双功能的酶，双官能团的酶feedforward stimulation正反馈激励committed step[生化]关键步骤pyruvate carboxylase[kɑ:'bɔksileis][生化]丙酮酸羧化酶biotin['baiətin]生物素，维生素H glucose 6-phosphatase 6-磷酸葡萄糖substrate cycle底物周期17citric acid (tricarboxylic acid, TCA; Krebs) cycle['sitrik]柠檬酸（三羧酸，三醋酸纤维素；克雷布斯（姓氏））循环oxidative phosphorylation['ɔksideitiv,fɔsfəri'leiʃən]氧化磷酸化acetyl CoA['æsitil, ə'si:til]乙酰辅酶A flavoprotein['fleivəu'prəuti:n]黄素蛋白pyruvate dehydrogenase complex[pai'ru:veit,pi-][di:'haidrədʒəneis]丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物citrate synthase['sitreit][生化]柠檬酸合成酶iron-sulfur (nonheme iron) protein铁硫蛋白isocitrate dehydrogenase[di:'haidrədʒəneis]异柠檬酸脱氢酶malate synthase['mæleit]苹果酸合成酶a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenas[,ki:təuɡlu:'tɑ:reit]酮戊二酸脱氢酶metabolonanaplerotic reaction[,ænəpli'rɔtik]补给反应glyoxylate cycle[glai'ɔksi,leit]乙醛酸循环glyoxysome [ɡlai'ɔksisəm]乙醛酸循环体beriberi[,beri'beri]脚气病isocitrate lyase['laieis]异柠檬酸裂合酶18oxidative phosphorylation ['ɔksideitiv,fɔsfəri'leiʃən]氧化磷酸化proton-motive force质子原动力cellular respiration [,respə'reiʃən]细胞呼吸作用electron-transport chain电子转移链reduction (redox, oxidation-reduction, E´ 0 ) potential还原（氧化还原剂，氧化还原作用，）电势inverted region反转区coenzyme Q (Q, ubiquinone)辅酶Q（Q，[ju:'bikwi,nəun] 泛醌；辅酶Q（等于coenzyme Q）NADH-Q oxidoreductase (Complex I)['ɔksidəuri'dʌkteis] 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸-Q氧化还原酶（复合物I）flavin mononucleotide (FMN)黄素单核苷酸iron-sulfur (nonheme iron) protein铁硫（非血红素）蛋白cytochrome c (cyt c)细胞色素C succinate-Q reductase (Complex II) ['sʌksineit]琥珀酸盐还原酶Q Q cycle Q周期Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (Complex III) ['saitəukrəum]细胞色素氧化还原酶QRieske centercytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV)细胞色素C氧化酶catalase ['kætəleis] 过氧化氢酶superoxide dismutase[dis'mju:teis]超氧化物歧化酶uncoupling protein (UCP)解偶联蛋白ATP synthase (Complex V, F 1 F 0 ATPase)A TP合成酶glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle3-磷酸甘油穿梭途径malate-aspartate shuttle苹果酸-天门冬氨酸穿梭途径ATP-ADP translocase(adenine nucleotide translocase, ANT)ATP-ADP移位酶（腺嘌呤核苷酸移位酶）respiratory (acceptor) control['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]呼吸（受体）控制caspase半胱天冬酶；切冬酶（胱冬肽酶）；细胞凋亡蛋白酶programmed cell death (apoptosis)程序化细胞死亡（[,æpə'təusis; ,æpəp'təusis]细胞凋亡）20Calvin cycle (dark reactions)卡尔文循环（暗反应）Autotroph自养生物starch淀粉heterotroph ['hetərəutrɔf]异养生物peroxisome[pə'rɔksə,səm]过氧物酶体rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) 二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶photorespiration ['fəutəu,respə'reiʃən]光呼吸thioredoxin [,θaiəu'ri:dɔksin]硫氧还蛋白sucrose ['sju:krəuz, -krəus]蔗糖C 4 pathway C 4 plant C 3 plantCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)景天酸代谢pentose phosphate pathway磷酸戊糖途径glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glutathione[,ɡlu:tə'θaiəun]谷胱甘肽transketolase[træns'ki:təuleis, trænz-, trɑ:n-]转酮醇酶transaldolase醛羧移转酶21glycogen phosphorylase糖原磷酸化酶phosphorolysis[,fɔsfə'rɔlisis]磷酸解作用pyridoxal phosphate [,piri'dɔksəl, -æl]吡哆醛磷酸盐（维生素B6）protein kinase A蛋白激酶A phosphorylase kinase磷酸化酶激酶calmodulin ['kælmə,djulin]钙调蛋白epinephrine (adrenaline)肾上腺素glucagon['ɡlu:kəɡɔn]胰高血糖素insulin胰岛素uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPglucose)尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖glycogen synthase糖原合成酶glycogenin protein phosphatase 1蛋白质磷酸酶122triacylglycerol (neutral fat, triacylglyceride)三酰甘油（中性脂肪，三酸甘油酯）bile salt胆汁盐chylomicron [,kailəu'maikrɔn]乳糜微滴acyl adenylate酰基腺苷酸carnitine ['kɑ:niti:n]肉毒碱b-oxidation pathway b氧化途径vitamin B 12(cobalamin)维生素B12['kəubɔ:ləmin] peroxisome[pə'rɔksə,səm]过氧化物酶体ketone body酮体fatty acid synthase脂肪酸合成酶acyl carrier protein (ACP) 酰基载体蛋白质malonyl CoA ['mælənil]丙二酰辅酶Aacetyl CoA carboxylase乙酰辅酶A羧化酶megasynthase polyketide聚酮化合物nonribosomal peptideAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶arachidonate[,ærə'kidəneit]花生四烯酸protein phosphatase 2A蛋白质磷酸酶2A prostaglandin[,prɔstə'ɡlændin]前列腺素eicosanoid [ai'kəusə,nɔid]类二十烷酸23ubiquitin [ju:'bikwitin]泛素，泛激酶proteasome蛋白酶体aminotransferase (transaminase)氨基转移酶(转氨酶) glutamate dehydrogenase谷氨酸脱氢酶pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)吡哆醛磷酸盐pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP) [piri'dɔksə,mi:n] 吡哆胺(维生素B6)磷酸盐alanine cycle丙氨酸循环urea cycle尿素循环N-acetylglutamate乙酰谷氨酸carbamoyl phosphate synthetase氨基甲酰磷酸盐合成酶ketogenic amino acid[,ki:təu'dʒenik]生酮氨基酸glucogenic amino acid[,ɡlu:kəu'dʒenik]生成葡萄糖的氨基酸biopterin [,baiəu'pterin]生物嘌呤phenylketonuria ['fenil,ki:tə'njuri:ə, 'fi:-]苯丙酮酸尿24nitrogen fixation固氮作用nitrogenase complex['naitrədʒəneis, nai'trɔdʒəneis]固氮酶复合物essential amino acids必需氨基酸nonessential amino acids非必需氨基酸pyridoxal phosphate[,piri'dɔksəl, -æl]吡哆醛磷酸盐tetrahydrofolate四氢叶酸盐S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) [ə,denəsilmə'θaiəni:n] S—腺苷甲硫胺酸activated methyl cycle活化甲基周期substrate channeling底物通道作用committed step关键步骤cumulative feedback inhibition累积反馈抑制作用enzyme multiplicity酶多样性25Nucleoside核苷nucleotide核苷酸pyrimidine嘧啶salvage pathway补救途径carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CSP) [kɑ:'bæmɔil] 氨甲酰磷酸合成酶purine嘌呤ATP-grasp fold orotidylate5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) [,paiərəu'fɔsfeit] 5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸inosinate [i'nəusineit] 次黄甙酸盐；肌甙酸盐hypoxanthine[,haipəu'zænθi:n, -θin] 次黄嘌呤glutamine phosphoribosyl amidotransferase谷氨酸磷酸核糖氨基转移酶ribonucleotide reductase核苷酸还原酶thymidylate synthase胸苷酸合成酶dihydrofolate reductase [dai,haidrəu'fɔleit]二氢叶酸还原酶26Phosphatidate磷脂Triacylglycerol三酰甘油phospholipid[,fɔsfə'lipid, -'lai-]磷脂cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol (CDP-diacylglycerol)glyceryl ether phospholipid ['i:θə]甘油乙醚磷脂sphingolipid [,sfinɡəu'lipid, -'laip-]鞘脂类ceramide (N-acyl sphingosine) ['serəmaid](['sfiŋɡəsi:n, -sin]N-酰基鞘氨醇)神经酰胺cerebroside['seribrəsaid]脑苷脂ganglioside['ɡæŋɡliəsaid]神经节苷脂cholesterol[kə'lestərɔl]胆固醇mevalonate [me'væləneit, -nət]甲羟戊醇3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase)3-羟基-5-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶3-isopentenyl pyrophosphate3-煤焦磷酸lipoprotein particles脂蛋白微粒sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)胆固醇元件调节结合蛋白low-density lipoprotein (LDL)低密度脂蛋白high-density lipoprotein (HDL)高密度脂蛋白receptor-mediated endocytosis [,endəusai'təusis]受体调节内吞作用bile salts胆汁盐steroid hormones ['sterɔid, 'stiə-]甾类激素cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ['saitəukrəum][,mɔnəu'ɔksidʒineis,]细胞色素P450单氧酶pregnenolone [preɡ'nenələun] 孕烯醇酮27B-DNA helix B-脱氧核糖核酸螺旋A-DNA helix A-脱氧核糖核酸螺旋major groove【分子生物学】大沟minor groove[生化] 小沟Z-DNA helix Z-脱氧核糖核酸螺旋DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶Template模板Primer原始物helicase解旋酶exonuclease[,eksəu'nju:klieis] [生化] 核酸外切酶supercoil超螺旋linking number (Lk) 耦合数topoisomer拓扑异构体twist (Tw)扭曲writhe (Wr) [raið]翻滚origin of replication复制原点topoisomerase [tɔpɔi'sʌməreiz]拓扑异构酶primase引发酶replication fork复制叉Okazaki fragment [遗] 冈崎片段lagging strand [生化] 后随链leading strand引导链DNA ligase DNA连接酶processivity持续合成能力cell cycle细胞周期telomere ['teləmiə]端粒telomerase [te'lɔməreis]端粒酶recombinase [ri:'kɔmbə,neiz]重组酶Holliday junctionrecombination synapse ['sainæps, 'si-, si'næps]重组突触transition过渡transversion颠换mutagen ['mju:tədʒən] 诱导有机体突变的物质direct repair base-excision repair Ames tesnucleotide-excision repair核苷酸切补修复trinucleotide repeat三核苷酸复制28Transcription转录RNA polymeraseRNA聚合酶promoter sites起始位点transcription factor转录因子footprinting足迹法consensus sequence共有序列sigma subunit 亚组rho (r) protein transcription bubble转录泡TA TA box Enhancer强化剂pre-mRNA前信使RNA5 cap poly(A) tail RNA editingRNA剪接RNA splicingRNA拼接Spliceosome剪接体small nuclear RNA (snRNA)小核RNA alternative splicing可变剪接catalytic RNA催化剂RNA self-splicing自我拼接29Translation翻译Ribosome核糖体transfer RNA (tRNA)转运RNA codon密码子anticodon反密码子aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨酰基-转运RNA合成酶50S subunit 30S subunit Polysome多核糖体Shine-Dalgarno sequence peptidyl transferase center肽基转移酶中心wobble hypothesis['wɔbl][hai'pɔθisis]摆动假说，变偶假说initiation factor起始因子elongation factor延长因子elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts)elongation factor G (EF-G)molecular mimicry['mimikri]分子模拟release factor释放因子30allosteric interaction变构相互作用covalent modification共价修正glycolysis糖酵解phosphofructokinase ['fɔsfəu,frʌktəu'kai,neis, -neiz]磷酸果糖激酶citric acid cycle三羧酸循环oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化pentose phosphate pathway磷酸戊糖途径gluconeogenesis ['ɡlu:kəu,ni:əu'dʒenisis]糖异生glycogen synthesis糖原合成glycogen degradation糖原降解glucose 6-phosphate 6-磷酸葡萄糖acetyl CoA乙酰辅酶A pyruvate [pai'ru:veit, pi-]丙酮酸ketone body酮体starved-fed cycle饥饿喂养的周期glucose homeostasis [,həumiəu'steisis]葡萄糖内稳态insulin胰岛素glucagon胰高血糖素caloric homeostasis热量内稳态leptin ['leptin]瘦蛋白creatine phosphate ['kri:əti:n]磷酸肌酸。
生化名词缩写
精品--常用生化名词缩写缩写英文名称中文名称A adenosine 腺嘌呤核苷（腺苷）AA amino acid 氨基酸AC adenylatec cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶ACP acyl carrier protein 酰基载体蛋白ADP adenosine diphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷二磷酸（二磷酸腺苷）Ala alanine 丙氨酸（α-氨基丙酸）AMP adenosine monophosphate 腺嘌呤核苷一磷酸（一磷酸腺苷）APO Apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白Arg（或R）arginine 精氨酸（δ-胍基α–氨基戊酸）Asn(或N) asparagine 天冬酰胺Asp（或D）aspartic acid 天冬氨酸（α- 氨基丁二酸）ATP adenosine triphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸（三磷酸腺苷）BBCCP biotin carboxyl-carrier protein 生物素羧基载体蛋白C cytidine 胞嘧啶核苷（胞苷）cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate 环腺苷酸（环腺一磷）CDP cytidine diphosphate 胞嘧啶核苷二磷酸（二磷酸胞苷）CM chylomicron 乳糜颗粒CMP cytidine monophosphate 胞嘧啶核苷一磷酸（一磷酸胞苷）CoⅠcoenzyme Ⅰ辅酶ⅠCoⅡcoenzyme Ⅱ辅酶ⅡCoA; CoA SH coenzyme A 辅酶ACoQ coenzyme Q 辅酶QCTP cytidine triphosphate 胞嘧啶核苷三磷酸（三磷酸胞苷）Cys cystine 胱氨酸Cys H(或C) cysteine 半胱氨酸D（或Asp）aspartic acid 天冬氨酸dAMP deoxyadenosine monophosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧腺苷酸）dADP deoxyadenosine diphosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷二磷酸dATP deoxyadenosine triphosphate 腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸dCMP deoxycytidine monophosphate 胞嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧胞苷酸）DDDP DNA dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶DDRP DNA dependent RNA polymerase 依赖于DNA的RNA聚合酶DG diacylglycerol 二脂酰甘油dGMP deoxyguanosine monophosphate 鸟嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷一磷酸（脱氧鸟苷酸）DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸cDNA complementary DNA 互补DNA cccDNA covalently closed circular DNA 共价闭合环状DNA ds DNA double strand DNA 双链DNAmt DNA mitochondrial DNA 线粒体DNA--精品精品--oc DNA open circular DNA 开环DNA ss DNA single strand DNA 单链DNA DNase deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶DNFB 2，4-dinitroflurobenzene 2,4-二硝基氟苯dNTP deoxynucleotid triphosphate 脱氧核苷三磷酸DPG diphosphoglyceric acid 二磷酸甘油酸E（或Glu）glutamic acid 谷氨酸EF elongation factor 延伸因子EMP Emoden-Meyerbof-Parnas pathway EMP途径；糖酵解途径F（或phe）phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸FA fatty acid 脂肪酸FAD flavin-adenine dinucleotide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸FH2dihydrofolic acid 二氢叶酸FH4tetrahydrofolic acid 四氢叶酸FMN flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸G guanosine; glycine; glucose 鸟嘌呤核苷（鸟苷）；甘氨酸；葡萄糖Gal galactose 半乳糖GDP guanosine diphosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷二磷酸（二磷酸鸟苷）GH growth hormone 生长素Glc glucose 葡萄糖Gln（或Q）glutamine 谷氨酰胺Glu（或E）glutamic acid 谷氨酸（α-氨基戊二酸）Gly（或G）glycine 甘氨酸（α-氨基乙酸）GMP guanosine monophosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷一磷酸（一磷酸鸟苷）GOT glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 谷草转氨酶GPT glutamate-pyruvate transaminase 谷丙转氨酶GTP guanosone triphosphate 鸟嘌呤核苷三磷酸(三磷酸鸟苷) H(或His) histidine 组氨酸Hb hemoglobin 血红蛋白HDL high density lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白HMG-CoA β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA β-羟-β-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶AHMP(或HMS) hexose monophosphate pathway 磷酸已糖途径Hyp hydroxyproline 羟脯氨酸I inosine; isoleucine 次黄嘌呤核苷(肌苷),异亮氨酸IF initiation factor 起始因子IgG immunoglobulin G 免疫球蛋白GIle(I) isoleucine 异亮氨酸K(Lys) lysine 赖氨酸Km Michaelis constant 米氏常数L(Leu) leucine 亮氨酸LDH lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶LDL low density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白Leu(L) leucine 亮氨酸(α-氨基异已酸)Lys (或K) lysine 赖氨酸（α，δ-二氨基已酸）--精品精品--M (或Met）methionine 甲硫氨酸Mb myoglobin 肌红蛋白m5C 5-methylcytidine 5-甲基胞苷NNAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(辅酶I) NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(辅酶Ⅱ) Orn ornithine 鸟氨酸（α，δ-二氨基戊酸）P (或Pro) proline 脯氨酸PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PAPS 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应PEP phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇丙酮酸Phe (或F) phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸（β-苯基-α-氨基丙酸）Pro (或P) proline 脯氨酸PRPP 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate 5-磷酸核糖-1-焦磷酸Q (或Gln) glutamine 谷氨酰胺R (或Arg) arginine 精氨酸RDDP RNA dependent DNA polymerase 依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶RDRP RNA dependent RNA polymerase 依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶RNA ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸Hn RNA nuclear heterogenous RNA 核内不均一RNAm RNA messenger ribonucleic acid 信使核糖核酸r RNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid 核糖体核糖核酸sc RNA samll cytoplasmic RNA 细胞质小RNAsn RNA small nuclear RNA 核内小RNAsno RNA small nucleolus RNA 小核仁RNAtRNA transfer ribonucleic acid 转运核糖核酸RNase ribonuclease 核酸糖酶sSAM S-adenosyl methionine S-腺苷蛋氨酸SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate 十二烷基硫酸钠Ser(或S) serine 丝氨酸(β-羟基-α-氨基丙酸)SOD superoxide dismutase 超氧化物歧化酶SSB single-strand binding protein 单链结合蛋白TTCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环Thr(或T) threonie 苏氨酸(β-羟-α-氨基丁酸)Tm melting temperature (DNA)熔融温度TPP thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素Trp (或W) tryptophan 色氨酸(β-吲哚-α-氨基丙酸)U uridine 尿嘧啶核苷UDPG uridine diphosphoglucose 尿嘧啶核苷二磷酸葡萄糖UMP uridine monophosphate 尿嘧啶核苷一磷酸(尿苷酸)--精品精品--UTP uridine triphosphate 三磷酸尿(嘧啶核)苷V(Val) valine 缬氨酸(α-氨基异戊酸) VHDL very high density lipoprotein 极高密度脂蛋白VLDL very low density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白W(或Trp) tryptophine 色氨酸Ψpseudouridine 假尿(嘧啶核)苷--精品。
(完整版)生物化学专业英语单词
单词表第一章Prokaryote 原核生物Eukaryote 真核生物fractionation 分级、分馏biomolecule 生物分子organism 生物体、有机体membrane 膜nucleus 细胞核cocci 球菌bacilli 杆菌spirilla 螺旋菌Eubacteria 真细菌Archaebacteria 原细菌Gram-positive 革兰氏阳性菌Gram negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Cyanobacteria 蓝细菌Plasma 细胞浆Mesosome 间体Nuleoid 拟核Sytosol 细胞质、原生质Bilayer 双分子层（膜）Protein 蛋白质Lipid 脂类Carbohydrate 糖类、碳水化合物osmotic pressure 渗透压Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Subcellular 亚细胞的Ganelle 细胞器Genetic 遗传的Chromosome 染色体ribosomal ribonucleic acid rRNA Endoplasmic reticulum 内质网Phospholipid 磷脂Detoxification 解毒Golgi apparatus 高尔基体Refresh 更新Mitochondria 线粒体oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化fatty acid 脂肪酸degradation 降解Chloroplasts 叶绿体thylakoid vesicles 类囊体photosynthesis 光合作用Lysosomes 溶酶体Macromolecule 大分子Enzyme 酶Cytoskeleton 细胞支架Metabolic 新陈代谢的Centrifugation 离心Isolate 分离Equilibrium 平衡Density 密度Friction 摩擦力Velocity 速率Supernatant 上清夜Pellet 沉淀第二章Amino acid 氨基酸Enantiomers 对映体Tetrahedral 正四面体的Hydrophobic 疏水的、憎水的Aliphatic 脂肪族的Aromatic 芳香族的Polar 极性的Charged 带电荷的Glycine Gly,甘氨酸alanine Ala,丙氨酸valine Val,缬氨酸leucine Leu,亮氨酸isoleucine Ile,异亮氨酸methionine Met,甲硫氨酸proline Pro,脯氨酸cystine Cys,半胱氨酸Phenylalanine Phe,苯丙氨酸Tyrosine Tyr,酪氨酸Tryptophan Trp,色氨酸Asparagines Asn, 天冬酰胺Glutamine Gln,谷氨酰胺Serine Ser,丝氨酸Threonine Thr,苏氨酸Varginine Arg, 精氨酸Lysine Lys,赖氨酸Histidine His,组氨酸aspartic acid Asp,天冬氨酸glutamic acid Glu,谷氨酸base 碱carboxyl 羧基isoelectric point 等电点positive 正的、阳性的negative 负的、阴性的buffering 缓冲physiological 生理的Primary structure 一级结构Secondary structure 二级结构Tertiary structure 三级结构Quaternary structure 四级结构peptide bond 肽键sequence 顺序、序列covalent Bond 共价键polypeptide 多肽terminal 末端carbonyl 羰基resonance structures 共振结构rigid 刚性的rotate 旋转trans configuration 顺式构象disulfide bonds 二硫键α-helix α-落选hydrogen bond 氢键β-pleated sheet β-折叠片parallel 平行的antiparallel 反平行的random coil 无规卷曲unique 唯一的spatial 空间的arrangement 排列、安排linear sequence 线性序列residue 残基Hydrophobic interaction疏水相互作用Interior 内部的Electrostatic force 静电力salt bridge 盐桥、盐键van der Waals force 范德华力subunit 亚基allosteric effect 变构效应Noncovalent interactions 非共价相互作用protein stability 蛋白质的稳定dimensional 空间的、维的proton 质子donor 供体、赠与者lone pair of electrons 孤对电子collinear 在同一直线上Hydrophobic force 疏水力Nonpolar 非极性Minimize 最小化protein folding 蛋白质折叠Accessory protein 辅助蛋白质molecular chaperones 分子伴侣Myoglobin 肌红蛋白Hemoglobin 血红蛋白prosthetic group 辅基essential 必需的heme 血红素crevice 缝隙protoporphyrin 原卟啉porphyrin 卟啉ferrous 含铁的proximal 最接近的cooperative 协同的noncooperative 非协同的dissociation curve 解离曲线sigmoidal S形曲线hyperbolic 双曲线affinity 亲和性blood capillaries 血管Bohr effect 波尔效应2,3-biphosphoglycerate 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸Mechanism 机制Relaxed state 松弛状态tense state 紧张状态hemoglobinopathies 血红蛋白分子病Sickle-cell anemia 镰刀形细胞贫血症Erythrocyte 红血球sticky patch 粘性小区therapeutic 治疗的Collagen 胶原蛋白Skin 皮肤Bone 骨骼Tendon 腱Cartilage 软骨blood vessel 血管mammal 哺乳动物fibrous 纤维状的tripeptide 三肽的triple-helical 三股螺旋的cross-linke 交联Allysine 醛基赖氨酸Antibodie 抗体immune system 免疫系统pathogen 病原体trigger 引发、触发response 响应、应答antigen 抗原antigenic determine 抗原决定簇epitope 抗原决定簇Immunolocalization 免疫定位Antibody 抗体Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISA酶联免疫吸附测定purification 提纯、纯化Homogenization 匀浆solubilization 溶解Ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵Precipitation 沉淀Dialysis 透析Chromatographic techniques 层析技术gel filtration 凝胶过滤affinity chromatography 亲和层析Electrophoretic techniques 电泳技术isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦SDS polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresisSDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳semi-permeable 半透性ligand 配基inert 惰性的matrix 基质elute 洗出、流出lectin 外源凝集素glycoprotein 糖蛋白molecular sieve 分子筛polyampholytes 聚两性电解质gradient 梯度migrate 迁移、移动chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶sequencing 测序2-mercaptoethanol ２－巯基乙醇ninhydrin 茚三酮fluorescamine 荧光胺fluorodinitrobenzene 二硝基氟苯dansyl chloride 丹磺酰氯phenyl isothiocyanate PITC苯异硫氰酸酯fragment 片断、碎片encoding 编码decipher 解读、破译anchor 锚定第三章biocatalyst 生物催化剂active site 活性中心substrate 底物The induced –fit model 诱导契合学说Stereospecificity 立体异构专一性Specificity 专一性Trypsin 胰蛋白酶Elastase 弹性蛋白酶Oxidoreductase 氧化还原酶Transferase 转移酶Hydrolase 水解酶Lyase 裂合酶Isomerase 异构酶Ligase 连接酶Ribozyme 核酶Abzyme 抗体酶catalytic antibody 抗体酶analog 类似物assay 化验、测定optimal 最佳的Coenzyme 辅酶Cofactor 辅因子apoenzyme 脱辅酶holoenzyme 全酶acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶Nicotinamide 烟酰胺Adenine 腺嘌呤Dinucleotide 二核苷酸Phosphate 磷酸Oxidation 氧化reduction 还原Flavin 黄素Mononucleotide 单核苷酸Acyl 酰基thiamine pyrophosphate 焦磷酸硫胺素decarboxylase 脱羧酶Pyridoxal 吡哆醛Pyridoxamine 吡哆胺Pyridoxine 吡哆醇Ubiquinone 泛醌Isoenzymes 同功酶Kinetic 动力学lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶proportional 成比例的saturate 使饱和thermal 热的denaturation 变性optimum 最适宜的diversity 多样性Michaelis-Menten equation 米氏方程double-reciprocal plot 双倒数作图法inhibition 抑制Inhibitor 抑制剂Metabolite 代谢物Irreversible 不可逆的Reversible 可逆的Competitive 竞争性的Noncompetitive 非竞争性的Probe 探测Clinically 临床上Regulation 调节committed step 关键步骤activator 激活剂Adjust 调节Feedback 反馈Sequential 连续的Branched 分支的Conformational 构象的homotropic effect 同促效应heterotropic effect 异促效应Phosphofructokinase 磷酸果糖激酶Citrate 柠檬酸盐Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate 2,6-二磷酸果糖phosphorylation 磷酸化dephosphorylation 去磷酸化hydroxyl 羟基hormone 激素Glycogen phosphorylase 糖原磷酸化酶Phosphorylate 使磷酸化glycogen synthase 糖原合酶unphosphorylate 使去磷酸化proteolytic 蛋白质水解的proenzymes 酶原zymogen 酶原hydrolysis 水解pancreatic 胰腺的pancreas 胰腺small intestine 小肠blood clotting 血液凝固amplification 扩大cascade 级联第四章boundary 边界compartments 小室Mechanical 机械的signaling 发信号insoluble 不可溶的glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂类sphingolipids 鞘脂类sterols 固醇类glycerol 甘油sphingosine 鞘氨醇sphingomyelins 鞘磷脂cholesterol 胆固醇steroid 类固醇Amphipathic 两性的Hydrophilic 亲水的Bulky 体积大的self-assemble 自组装的fluidity 流动性rotational 转动的lateral 侧向的Fluid mosaic model 流体镶嵌模型Integral 整体的、内在的Flip 翻跟头integral membrane proteins 内在膜蛋白peripheral membrane proteins外周膜蛋白asymmetry 不对称asymmetrically 不对称地membrane-spaning protein 跨膜蛋白Multiple 多重的Lipid-anchored proteins 脂锚定蛋白Heterokaryon 异核体Fusion 融合Reconstitution 重建Reincorporated 重新合并Extracellular 细胞外的Intercellular 细胞内的Passive transport 被动运输active transport 主动运输concentration 浓度diffusion 扩散saturable 可饱和的facilitated 协助的、推动的symport 同向运送antiport 逆向运送epithelial cells 上皮细胞exocytosis 分泌作用endocytosis 内吞作用phagocytosis 吞噬作用pinocytosis 胞饮作用Receptor mediated endocytosis fusion受体介导的内吞作用debris 碎片transduction 转导Lipophilic 亲脂性的Receptors 受体second messengers 第二信使第五章Nucleic acid 核酸Replication 复制Nucleotide 核苷酸Pyrimidine 嘧啶Guanine 鸟嘌呤Thymine 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine 胞嘧啶Nucleoside 核苷Deoxyribonucleoside 脱氧核糖核苷ribonucleoside 核糖核苷deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸genes 基因complementarily 互补地nucleosome 核小体loop 突环rosette 玫瑰花结semi-conservative 半保留的polymerase 聚合酶template 模板primer 引物fork 叉Bidirectional 双向的Okazaki fragments 冈崎片段semi-discontinuous 半不连续的strand 链、一股hybridization 杂交melting temperature 熔融温度renaturation 复性labeled 标记的fluorescent 荧光的tag 标记、标签annealing 退火amplify 增强、扩大The central dogma 中心法则Transcription 转录initiation 起始Elongation 延伸termination 终止promoters 启动子palindrome 回文结构processing 加工splicing 拼接reverse transcription 逆转录第六章genetic code 遗传密码intermediate 中间的、媒介codons 密码子unambiguous 明确的correspond 相应、符合degenerate 简并的mutation 变异incorporation 合并nonoverlapping 不相重叠的reading frames 阅读框aminoacyl-tRNA 氨酰-tRNA peptidyl-tRNA 肽酰-tRNA stem 茎、干、臂anticodon 反密码子translocation 移位第七章metabolism 代谢Saccharides 糖类monosaccharides 单糖aldehyde group 醛基ketone group 酮基Stereoisomers 立体异构体Oligosaccharides 寡糖Glycosidic bond 糖苷键Polysaccharides 多糖Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维素Dextran 葡聚糖Amylose 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉Glycolysis 糖酵解Cytoplasm 细胞质Glucose 葡萄糖Galactose 半乳糖Mannose 甘露糖Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Lactose 乳糖Hexokinase 己糖激酶Fructose 果糖Phosphoglucoisomerase 磷酸葡萄糖变位酶Bisphosphate 二磷酸glyceraldehydes 甘油醛dihydroxyacetone 二羟丙酮aldolase 醛缩酶triose 丙糖1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 1,3 二磷酸甘油酸dehydrogenase 脱氢酶3-phosphoglycerate 3-磷酸甘油酸kinase 激酶mutase 变位酶phosphoenolpyruvate 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase 烯醇化酶pyruvate 丙酮酸Gluconeogenesis 糖异生Noncarbhydrate 非糖的Liver 肝脏skeletal muscle 骨骼肌phosphorylase 磷酸化酶Phosphorolysis 磷酸化pyrophosphorylase 焦磷酸化酶glucosyl 葡萄糖基nonreducing end 非还原端Epinephrine 肾上腺素glucagon 胰高血糖素Insulin 胰岛素第八章fatty acid 脂肪酸hydrocarbon 烃、碳氢化合物carboxylic acid 羧酸Unsaturated 不饱和的Triacylglycerol 三酰甘油Acetyl 乙酰基Thioester 硫酯Carnitine 肉(毒)碱Hydration 水合作用Thiolysis 硫解Consume 消耗ketone bodies 酮体acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸D-3-hydroxybutyrate D-3-羟基丁酸Acetone 丙酮diabetes 糖尿病toxic 有毒的lethal 致命的multifunctional 多功能的malonyl 丙二酰基carboxylation 羧化condensation 缩合acetoacetyl 乙酰乙酰基hydroxybutyryl 羟丁酰基crotonyl 丁烯酰基butyryl 丁酰基hydrolyzation 水解作用palmitoyl 软脂酰基palmitate 软脂酸lipoproteins 脂蛋白globular 球状的micelle 胶束、微囊第九章Respiration 呼吸作用citric acid cycle 柠檬酸循环、三羧酸循环concomitant 伴随的isocitrate 异柠檬酸酸盐α-ketoglutarate α-酮戊二酸succinate 琥珀酸盐succinyl 琥珀酰基fumarate 延胡索酸盐malate 苹果酸盐oxaloacetate 草酰乙酸盐cytochrome 细胞色素oxidase 氧化酶reductase 还原酶Rotatory 旋转的engine 发动机第十章Nitrogen 氮Diet 常吃的食物Erythrose 赤藓糖Ribose 核糖Transamination 转氨基作用Deamination 脱氨基作用Transdeamination 联合脱氨基作用Ammonia 氨Excrete 排泄Aquatic 水生uric acid 尿酸terrestrial 陆生的reptile 爬行动物urea 尿素vertebrates 脊椎动物ornithine 鸟氨酸arginine 精氨酸citrullin 瓜氨酸permanently 不变地。
生化英文
filtration（过滤）and centrifugation（离心）cell disruption（细胞破碎）crystallization（结晶）and precipitation（沉淀）membrane separation（膜分离）extraction（萃取）chromatography（色谱、层析）electrophoresis（电泳）and magnetic bioseparation（磁性生物分离）solvent removal （溶剂去除）and drying（干燥）第一章Bioprocessing（生物过程）Industrial chemicals化工制品Agrochemicals农药Pharmaceuticals 药物Nutraceutical保健营养品Laboratory reagents实验室试剂Cosmetic products 化妆品polishing （精制）diluted稀释的aqueous solutions水溶液Identity 特性potency 效能feed饲料in batches分批地manufacture制造formulation规划pretreatment （预处理）microfiltration（微滤）,sedimentation（沉降）intracellular细胞内的precipitation （沉淀）divergent properties不同的属性Appreciable相当可观的sterilize （灭菌）removing pyrogen（去除热源）adding excipients（加赋形剂）dispensed分发的Supernatant上清液throughput生产量disposal处理, installing安装plant工厂车间fraction部分ethanol（乙醇）, acetone（丙酮）lactic acid（乳酸）. pancreatin（胰岛素）, papain（木瓜蛋白酶）solubility 溶解度electrostatic charge静电荷volatility挥发性hydrophobicity疏水性第二章Coagulation and flocculation凝聚和絮凝Adding filter aids 助滤剂上的吸附insoluble carbohydrates不溶性的碳水化合物multi-valent metal ions多价金属离子fermentation broth发酵液viscous粘性的non-Newtonian slurry非牛顿流体density密度compressibility压缩性pasteurize用巴氏灭菌法灭菌chief constraint主要制约thermal stability热稳定性amphoteric两性的membrane fouling膜污染charged带电的debris碎片colloidal particles胶体粒子flocculate絮凝aggregate聚合物Electrical double layer 双电层collision碰撞floc絮状物electrolytes电解质polyelectrolyte高电解质stern layer（吸附层diffuse layer（扩散层）Electrostatic interaction 静电作用Thermal motion 热运动colloidal stability胶体稳定性electrostatic repulsion 静电排斥hydration shell (hydration layer)水化层fluid流体London-van der waals forces （范德华引力）predominate.占主导地位dense稠密的cationic（阳离子型）neutralize使中和aluminum铝coagulants凝聚剂anionic（阴离子型）stir velocity搅拌速度precoat预涂层fermentation发酵plate and frame filter（板框过滤机）accumulates biomass（生物量）rotary drum vacuum filters 真空转鼓过滤器cross flow filtration 错流过滤diatomite filter 硅藻土过滤机permeate渗透tangential flow切向流动shear剪切sedimentation（沉降）centrifugal field（离心场）paste糊状物angular velocity角速度radius半径deposit沉淀effluent流出物sludge污泥intermittent operation（间歇操作）bowl碗dismantled（拆卸）microbial微生物的cell organelles细胞器annular slit环形缝隙discharge卸渣screw螺旋conveyor输送机rotate旋转scroll卷轴dewater脱水mass质量subcellular fractionation亚细胞结构分离density gradient密度梯度sufficient足够的pellet小球enveloped viruses包膜病毒macromolecules大分子hydrolysis水解rabies vaccine(狂犬疫苗) Isopycnic等密度repetitive重复的lipoprotein脂蛋白第三章lysis buffer裂解液Fungal cell 真菌细胞mould cell霉菌细胞Peptidoglycan肽聚糖polymer 高分子聚合物cross-linkage交联exponential growth phase (对数生长期) chitin几丁质glucan葡聚糖mannoproteins甘露糖蛋白polysaccharide多糖microfibrillar微原纤microfibrillar纤维素substance物质substrate底物pectin（果胶）Lignin（木质素）Intercellular layer胞间层Antioxidant抗氧化剂Protease inhibitors蛋白酶抑制剂cofactor辅助因子Homogenization匀浆Ultrasound（sonication）超声波agitated表现不安的grind磨碎collision碰撞parameter参数impingement（冲击）disruption破坏microorganisms微生物filamentous丝状的implode内爆momentarily即刻Plunger活塞duration持续时间第四章无定形物质(Amorphous)Isoelectric等电位的conversion转换solute溶质solvent溶剂morphology形态学dielectric constant介电常数property性质affinity reagents亲和试剂labile不稳定的hydrophobic(疏水作用) Pilot experiment预实验Preparative experiment制备性实验proteolysis蛋白质水解solubilization (溶解）saturated solutions饱和溶液Undergoes经受ammonia氨corrosive (腐蚀性) Residue残基，残留hence因此bulk体积容量dissolve使溶解equilibrate平衡Macromolecule高分子low flammability不易燃constituent atoms组成原子的repeating pattern重复构型spatial dimensions空间维度diffraction衍射thermodynamically热力学diagram图表metastable zone (亚稳区）elapse流逝Heterogeneous nucleation异相成核dust灰尘vessel容器impeller推进器curve曲线osmosis渗透sterile filtration无菌过滤acetone丙酮orientation方向category种类vapor diffusion蒸汽扩散第五章Modest谦虚的，适度的reverse osmosis 反渗透(RO)nanofiltration纳滤(NF) ultrafiltration超滤(UF)microfiltration微滤(MF)gas separations气体分离(GS) pervaporation渗透蒸发(PV)hemodialysis血液透析(HD)electrodialysis电渗析(ED)ion exchange离子交换(IX) ceramic陶瓷microstructure显微结构cross section横截面Symmetric对称Asymmetric不对称;Composite复合的Dialysis透析schematic原理图macromolecules（大分子）Multivalent ions（多价离子）retain保持monovalent ions（单价离子）sulfur dioxide二氧化硫chlorine氯hydrogen sulfide(硫化氢) neutral form中性coefficients（系数）phenol（苯酚）benzene（苯）Ultrapure water超纯水desalination脱盐brackish含盐的array排列，数组intake摄入deterioration恶化cellulose acetate醋酸纤维Viable cell活细胞element元素boric acid硼酸reproductive tract生殖系统moderate温和的polysaccharide多糖Hydrostatic pressure静水压力sieving筛选electrostatic（静电）globular protein球状蛋白retentivity记忆力，保持力permeate flux（渗透通量）concentration polarization浓差极化deposition沉积作用backflushing反冲hydrophilic亲水的adhesion粘附reversible可逆的penetration渗透plug塞irreversible不可逆的Flush用水冲flux水通量restoration恢复Sponge海绵Paint涂料column chromatography柱层析Hemodialysis 血液透析metabolite代谢物intermittently间歇得Completion完成retentate滞留物。
生化词汇
Biochemistry> 冈崎片段oncogene <生物化学Biochemistry> 癌基因，原癌基因one carbon unit <生物化学Biochemistry> 一碳单位operator <生物化学Biochemistry> 操纵基因operon <生物化学Biochemistry> 操纵子orotic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 乳清酸ossification <生物化学Biochemistry> 成骨作用oxaloacetic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 草酰乙酸oxidases <生物化学Biochemistry> 氧化酶类oxidative phosphorylation <生物化学Biochemistry> 氧化磷酸化oxidoreductase <生物化学Biochemistry> 氧化还原酶palindrome <生物化学Biochemistry> 回文结构pancreatic lipase <生物化学Biochemistry> 胰脂肪酶pantothenic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 遍多酸pentose <生物化学Biochemistry> 戊糖pentose phosphate pathway <生物化学Biochemistry> 磷酸戊糖途径pepsin <生物化学Biochemistry> 胃蛋白酶pepsinogen <生物化学Biochemistry> 胃蛋白酶原peptide <生物化学Biochemistry> 肽peptide bond <生物化学Biochemistry> 肽键peptidyl site <生物化学Biochemistry> 肽基位或P位peroxidase <生物化学Biochemistry> 过氧化物酶phenylalanine <生物化学Biochemistry> 苯丙氨酸phosphatidic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 磷脂酸phosphogluconate <生物化学Biochemistry> 磷酸葡萄糖酸phospholipase <生物化学Biochemistry> 磷脂酶plasmid <生物化学Biochemistry> 质粒polycistron <生物化学Biochemistry> 多作用子polypeptide <生物化学Biochemistry> 多肽porphyrin <生物化学Biochemistry> 卟啉precipitation <生物化学Biochemistry> 沉淀preproalbumin <生物化学Biochemistry> 前清蛋白原primary structure <生物化学Biochemistry> 一级结构primase <生物化学Biochemistry> 引发酶primer <生物化学Biochemistry> 引物glucogenic amino acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 生糖氨基酸glucokinase <生物化学Biochemistry> 葡萄糖激酶gluconeogenesis <生物化学Biochemistry> 糖(原)异生作用glutamic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 谷氨酸glutaminase <生物化学Biochemistry> 谷氨酰胺酶glutamine <生物化学Biochemistry> 谷氨酰胺glutathione <生物化学Biochemistry> 谷胱甘肽glycerol <生物化学Biochemistry> 甘油glycine <生物化学Biochemistry> 甘氨酸glycogen <生物化学Biochemistry> 糖原glycogen phosphorylase <生物化学Biochemistry> 糖原磷酸化酶glycogen synthase <生物化学Biochemistry> 糖原合成酶glycolysis <生物化学Biochemistry> 糖酵解guanosine <生物化学Biochemistry> 鸟苷helicase <生物化学Biochemistry> 解链酶(解旋酶)heme <生物化学Biochemistry> 血红素heteroduplex <生物化学Biochemistry> 杂化双链hexokinase <生物化学Biochemistry> 己糖激酶histamine <生物化学Biochemistry> 组胺histidine <生物化学Biochemistry> 组氨酸housekeeping gene <生物化学Biochemistry> 管家基因hybridization <生物化学Biochemistry> 杂交hydrogen bond <生物化学Biochemistry> 氢键hydrolase <生物化学Biochemistry> 水解酶类hydroperoxidases <生物化学Biochemistry> 氢过氧化酶类hydrophobic bond (hydrophobic interaction) <生物化学Biochemistry> 疏水键hydroxyapatite <生物化学Biochemistry> 羟磷灰石hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA cleavage enzyme <生物化学Biochemistry> HMG CoA裂解酶hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthetase <生物化学Biochemistry> HMG CoA合酶Hydroxyproline <生物化学Biochemistry> 羟脯氨酸acceptor site <生物化学Biochemistry> 受位acetone <生物化学Biochemistry> 丙酮activator <生物化学Biochemistry> 激活蛋白，激活剂，活化物adenine (A) <生物化学Biochemistry> 腺嘌呤adenosine <生物化学Biochemistry> 腺苷aerobic dehydrogenase <生物化学Biochemistry> 需氧脱氢酶alanine <生物化学Biochemistry> 丙氨酸albumin <生物化学Biochemistry> 白蛋白，清蛋白allopurinol <生物化学Biochemistry> 别嘌呤醇allosteric effect <生物化学Biochemistry> 别构(位)效应allosteric enzyme <生物化学Biochemistry> 变构酶，别位酶allosteric regulation <生物化学Biochemistry> 别构调节amine <生物化学Biochemistry> 胺aminoacyl site <生物化学Biochemistry> A位，氨酰基位anticodon <生物化学Biochemistry> 反密码子arginine <生物化学Biochemistry> 精氨酸ascorbic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 抗坏血酸(维生素C)asparagine <生物化学Biochemistry> 天冬酰胺aspartic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 天冬氨酸asymmetric transcription <生物化学Biochemistry> 不对称转录attenuator <生物化学Biochemistry> 衰减子base <生物化学Biochemistry> 碱基base pairing <生物化学Biochemistry> 碱基配对bile pigment <生物化学Biochemistry> 胆色素biotin <生物化学Biochemistry> 生物素biotransformation <生物化学Biochemistry> 生物转化calcitriol <生物化学Biochemistry> １，２５二羟胆骨化醇（钙三醇）calcium dependent protein kinase <生物化学Biochemistry> Ca依赖性蛋白激酶，蛋白激酶C(C 激酶)Calmodulin <生物化学Biochemistry>carbohydrate <生物化学Biochemistry> 糖carnitine <生物化学Biochemistry> 肉毒碱catalase <生物化学Biochemistry> 触酶，过氧化氢酶cephalin <生物化学Biochemistry> 脑磷脂de novo synthesis <生物化学Biochemistry> 从头合成degradation <生物化学Biochemistry> 降解denaturation <生物化学Biochemistry> 变性deoxycholic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 脱氧胆酸deoxyribonucleotide <生物化学Biochemistry> 脱氧核糖核苷酸dialysis <生物化学Biochemistry> 透析dihydroxyacetone phosphate <生物化学Biochemistry> 磷酸二羟丙酮disulfide bond <生物化学Biochemistry> 二硫键DNA polymerase <生物化学Biochemistry> DNA聚合酶domain <生物化学Biochemistry> 域,结构域,功能区donor site <生物化学Biochemistry> 给位double helix <生物化学Biochemistry> 双螺旋effector <生物化学Biochemistry> 效应器,效应物elongation <生物化学Biochemistry> 延长endopeptidase <生物化学Biochemistry> 内肽酶enhancer <生物化学Biochemistry> 增强子enolphosphopyruvate <生物化学Biochemistry> 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enzyme <生物化学Biochemistry> 酶essential amino acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 必需氨基酸essential fatty acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 必需脂肪酸exon <生物化学Biochemistry> 外显子exopeptidase <生物化学Biochemistry> 外肽酶fat <生物化学Biochemistry> 脂肪feedback inhibition <生物化学Biochemistry> 反馈抑制作用feritin <生物化学Biochemistry> 铁蛋白ferrochelatase <生物化学Biochemistry> 亚铁螯合酶folic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 叶酸free fatty acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 游离脂肪酸free radicals <生物化学Biochemistry> 自由基fructose diphosphatase <生物化学Biochemistry> 果糖二磷酸酶gene cloning <生物化学Biochemistry> 基因克隆gene expression <生物化学Biochemistry> 基因表达gene library <生物化学Biochemistry> 基因文库gene transfer <生物化学Biochemistry> 基因导入,转基因genetic code <生物化学Biochemistry> 遗传密码genetic engineering <生物化学Biochemistry> 基因工程genetic recombination <生物化学Biochemistry> 基因重组genome <生物化学Biochemistry> 染色体基因，基因组globin <生物化学Biochemistry> 珠蛋白hypocalcemia <生物化学Biochemistry> 低钙血症induction <生物化学Biochemistry> 诱导initiator codon <生物化学Biochemistry> 起动信号,起始密码子intermediary metabolism <生物化学Biochemistry> 中间代谢ionic bond <生物化学Biochemistry> 离子键isocitrate dehydrogenase <生物化学Biochemistry> 异柠檬酸脱氢酶isoleucine <生物化学Biochemistry> 异亮氨酸isomerase <生物化学Biochemistry> 异构酶类isozyme <生物化学Biochemistry> 同工酶jaundice <生物化学Biochemistry> 黄疸ketogenic amino acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 生酮氨基酸key enzyme <生物化学Biochemistry> 关键酶kinase <生物化学Biochemistry> 激酶lactate <生物化学Biochemistry> 乳酸盐lecithin <生物化学Biochemistry> 卵磷脂leucine <生物化学Biochemistry> 亮氨酸ligase <生物化学Biochemistry> 连接酶linoleate <生物化学Biochemistry> 亚油酸linolenate <生物化学Biochemistry> 亚麻酸lipoic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 硫辛酸lipoid <生物化学Biochemistry> 类脂lipoprotein <生物化学Biochemistry> 脂蛋白lithocholic acid <生物化学Biochemistry> 石胆酸lyases <生物化学Biochemistry> 裂合酶类malate <生物化学Biochemistry> 苹果酸malate aspartate shuttle <生物化学Biochemistry> 苹果酸天冬氨酸穿梭metabolic regulation <生物化学Biochemistry> 代谢调节mitogen activated protein kinase <生物化学Biochemistry> 分裂原活化蛋白激酶mixed function oxidase <生物化学Biochemistry> 混合功能氧化酶molecular cloning <生物化学Biochemistry> 分子克隆molecular disease <生物化学Biochemistry> 分子病monooxygenase <生物化学Biochemistry> 单加氧酶monooxygenase system <生物化学Biochemistry> 单加氧酶体系nicotinamide <生物化学Biochemistry> 烟酰胺，尼克酰胺nitrogen balance <生物化学Biochemistry> 氮平衡pyruvate carboxylase <生物化学Biochemistry> 丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate dehydrogenase complex <生物化学Biochemistry> 丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvate kinase <生物化学Biochemistry> 丙酮酸激酶recombinant DNA <生物化学Biochemistry> 重组DNAgenetic engineering <生物化学Biochemistry> 基因工程regulatory gene <生物化学Biochemistry> 调节基因renaturation <生物化学Biochemistry> 复性repair <生物化学Biochemistry> 修复replication <生物化学Biochemistry> 复制repression <生物化学Biochemistry> 阻遏residue <生物化学Biochemistry> 残基respiratory chain <生物化学Biochemistry> 呼吸链restriction endonuclease <生物化学Biochemistry> 限制性内切核酸酶retinol <生物化学Biochemistry> 视黄醇(维生素A)reverse transcriptase <生物化学Biochemistry> 逆转录酶reverse transcription <生物化学Biochemistry> 逆转录作用salting out <生物化学Biochemistry> 盐析salvage pathway <生物化学Biochemistry> 补救(重新利用)途径screening <生物化学Biochemistry> 筛选secondary structure <生物化学Biochemistry> 二级结构semiconservative replication <生物化学Biochemistry> 半保留复制sense strand <生物化学Biochemistry> 有意义链sequence <生物化学Biochemistry> 序列serine <生物化学Biochemistry> 丝氨酸signal recognition particle <生物化学Biochemistry> 信号肽识别颗粒silencer <生物化学Biochemistry> 抑制子simple protein <生物化学Biochemistry> 单纯蛋白质specificity <生物化学Biochemistry> 特异性splicing <生物化学Biochemistry> 剪接作用squalene <生物化学Biochemistry> 鲨烯stage specificity <生物化学Biochemistry> 阶段特异性stercobilinogen <生物化学Biochemistry> 粪胆素原stress <生物化学Biochemistry> 应激structural gene <生物化学Biochemistry> 结构基因substrate <生物化学Biochemistry> 作用物substrate level phosphorylation <生物化学Biochemistry> 作用物(底物)水平磷酸化subunit <生物化学Biochemistry> 亚单位，亚基succinate dehydrogenase <生物化学Biochemistry> 琥珀酸脱氢酶supersecondary structure <生物化学Biochemistry> 超二级结构Taurine <生物化学Biochemistry> 牛磺酸telomerase <生物化学Biochemistry> 端粒酶telomere <生物化学Biochemistry> 端区(端粒)template strand <生物化学Biochemistry> 模板链termination <生物化学Biochemistry> 终止terminator <生物化学Biochemistry> 终止子terminator codon <生物化学Biochemistry> 终止信号thiamine <生物化学Biochemistry> 硫胺素(维生素B1) threonine <生物化学Biochemistry> 苏氨酸thymidine <生物化学Biochemistry> 胸苷，胸腺嘧啶核苷thymine (T) <生物化学Biochemistry> 胸腺嘧啶tocopherol <生物化学Biochemistry> 生育酚proalbumin <生物化学Biochemistry> 清蛋白原processing <生物化学Biochemistry> 加工proenzyme <生物化学Biochemistry> 酶原proline <生物化学Biochemistry> 脯氨酸promoter <生物化学Biochemistry> 启动基因(启动子)，催化剂prosthetic group <生物化学Biochemistry> 辅基protease <生物化学Biochemistry> 蛋白酶pyridoxal <生物化学Biochemistry> 吡哆醛pyridoxamine <生物化学Biochemistry> 吡哆胺。
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Oxygenases加氧酶colligative properties依数性Osmosis渗透isotonic等渗透
Fibrous纤维蛋白Globular球蛋白
Membranous膜蛋白Lipoproteins脂蛋白glycoproteins糖蛋白metalloproteins金属蛋白
α-keratinα-角蛋白Collagen胶原
Silk Fibroin丝心蛋白myoglobin肌红蛋白
hemoglobin血红蛋白protamine精蛋白
histone组蛋白apoenzyme酶蛋白
ligase DNA连接酶Trypsin胰蛋白酶
chymotrypsin胰凝乳蛋白酶
pepsin胃蛋白酶Lysozyme溶菌酶
elastase弹性蛋白酶thrombin凝血酶
subtilisin纤溶酶plasmin枯草杆菌蛋白酶
Adenine腺嘌呤Guanine鸟嘌呤
Cytosine胞嘧啶Thymine胸腺嘧啶
Uracil尿嘧啶
multimer多聚体oligomer寡聚体
ligand配体binding site结合位点
Antibodies抗体Antigen抗原
denaturation变性flocculates结絮
protein coagulation蛋白质凝固dialysis透析
ultrafiltration超滤antiparallel反平行
Asymmetric不对称chiral center手型中心hyperchromic effect增色效应hypochromic effect减色效应：Elongation延伸Zwitterions两性离子Semiconservative半保留复制induced fit诱导契合
hydrophobic interaction疏水作用
semidiscontinuous replication半不连续复制
2’,3’-dideoxynucleotide2`,3`-双脱氧核苷三磷酸
Proteins are polymers of amino acids,with each amino acid residue joined to its neighbor by a specific type of covalent bond.。