翻译论文摘要引言

The pseudobulbs and subterranean organs (roots and rhizomes) of Eulophia epidendraea, and Malaxis acuminata in subfamily Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae) were investigated to determine morphology, anatomy and mycorrhizal occurrence.（研究兰科树兰亚科的Eulophia epidendraea（黄花美冠兰）和Malaxis acuminata（沼兰属浅裂沼兰）的假鳞茎和地下器官（根和根茎）以确定其形态，结构和真菌菌根的发生）The examined sections showed the following common anatomi-cal characteristics.（被研究的切片显示以下几个相同的结构特点）The pseudobulbs had a uniseriate epidermis. The assimilatory cells were scattered in the form of mucilage/water storage cells in the ground tissue.（假鳞茎有单层表皮，同化细胞以粘液或蓄水细胞的形式分散在基本组织中）The vascular bundles were collateral and embedded in the ground tissue. Raphides occurred as idioblasts.维管束并行嵌入到基本组织中。

针晶体发生在异细胞中。

Rhizomes had an uniseriate epidermis, parenchymatous ground tissue differentiated into outer and inner zones with polygonal intercellular spaces. Vascular bundles scattered, collateral and discontinuous form in both the taxa. Aeration cells were present in roots and rhizomes of M. Acuminata.根状茎有单层表皮，薄壁基本组织分为含多边形细胞间隙的内区和外区。

维管束以分散、并行和不连续形式存在于两个类群中。

通气细胞存在于M. Acuminata （沼兰属浅裂沼兰）.的根和根状茎。

The transverse section of E. epidendraea roots had multi-layered velamen with spiral thickening followed by uniseriate exodermis with that had webbed tilosomes. The parenchymatous cortex contained raphides and water storage cells. Vascular bundles were 11–15 arched. Roots of M. acuminata had an uniseriate velamen, exodermis, parenchyma-tous cortex, endodermis and pericycle. The vascular bundles were radially arranged, and 11–12 arched. The xylem and phloem were embedded in sclerenchymatous tissue.E.epidendraea（黄花美冠兰）根的横切面有多层螺旋加厚的根被，其次是有webbed tilosomes.单层的外皮。

薄壁皮质包含针晶体和储水细胞。

维管束为11-15个拱形排列。

M. Acuminata（沼兰属浅裂沼兰）的根有单层膜，外皮层、薄壁皮层、内皮层和中柱鞘。

维管束11-12个拱形呈放射状排列。

木质部和韧皮部嵌入到厚壁组织。

The entry of the mycorrhizal fungi was chiefly through root hairs in roots and epidermis in rhizomes of M. acuminata, and in E. epidendraea. Fungi formed pelotons in both the taxa and microsclerotia and monilioid cells in the root cortex of E. epidendraea. Additionally, Glomus- type vesicles were occasionally present in the roots of M. Acuminata. Description of characteristics arising from this investigation may provide additional morphological and anatomical means of identification.菌根真菌的进入主要是通过M. acuminata,和E. epidendraea根的根毛.根状茎的表皮。

两个类群中都有真菌形成的菌丝团，E. Epidendraea.的根皮质中有微菌核和骨髓细胞。

此外，M. acuminata的根中偶尔出现球型囊泡。

这次研究所产生的特性可以提供额外的形态和解剖的识别方法。

1.IntroductionOrchidaceae, is one of the ecologically and morphologically most diverse families among flowering plants. It is the second largest plant family comprising of about 800 genera and more than 24,000 species world-wide (Fay and Chase,2009). The production of non-endospermous seeds, one of the distinctive features of the family (Werker, 1997) requires association with mycorrhizal fungi for ger-mination and development during the early stages of the life cycle (Smith and Read, 2008). Orchids are divided into five subfamilies: Apostasioideae, Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae (Chase et al., 2003, 2015), and have diverse life-forms each with variously modified vegetative and floral structures.1引言兰花是开花植物中生态和形态最多样的家族之一，它是第二大植物家族，在世界各地上约有800属24000余种(Fay and Chase, 2009)非胚乳种子生产家族鲜明的特点之一(Werker, 1997) 是需要在生命周期中的早期阶段联合真菌菌根的萌发和发育(Smith and Read, 2008)兰科分为五个亚科：拟兰亚科，Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae,兰亚科，树兰亚科(Chase et al., 2003, 2015), 有各种改良植物和花结构的不同生命形式。

Species are fully or partially mycoheterotrophic (largely dependent on mycorrhiza for carbon supply), terrestrial, epiphytic or epilithic, are sensitive to habitat disturbance, degradation and fragmenta-tion, and in India represented by 1331 species belonging to 186 genera (Misra, 2007). Terrestrial orchids have creeping, fibrous or fleshy rhizomes, and roots with varied functions (Sevgi et al.,2012). The function of roots in terrestrial orchids includes: nutri-ent absorption and substrate fixation, storage as in tuber-like roots, and roots specialized in storage, absorption, and fixation (Dressler,1981).物种是完全或部分mycoheterotrophic（绝大部分取决于菌根碳供应）陆生，附生或石生对生境破坏，退化，破碎是敏感的，在印度有1331个种隶属于186个属，(Misra, 2007)陆地兰花有匍匐状，纤维状或肉质根茎，并且根具有多种功能。

(Sevgi et al.,2012).在陆地兰花中根的功能包括：营养吸收和底物固定，块茎状根的存储，根专门存储，吸收和固定(Dressler,1981).Anatomical description assists in understanding physiological processes as well as phylogenetic relationships (Yeung, 1998; Liu and Zhu, 2011), and aids in plant identification when floral or veg-etative traits are not available (Chase and Palmer, 1989; Dengler,2002). Stern and Carlsward (2006) suggested anatomy as a mean in examining relationships to evolve a stable systematic classifica-tion and to solve taxonomic problems among taxa. For example,解剖学上的描述有助于理解生理过程以及系统发育关系，(Yeung, 1998; Liu and Zhu, 2011), 在植物识别中，当花或植物的性状是不可用时(Chase and Palmer, 1989; Dengler,2002). Stern and Carlsward (2006) 建议解剖作为一种研究关系的方法以发展稳定的系统分类并解决类群的分类问题。