反比例函数集锦

反比例函数集锦1，如图，反比例函数y ＝mx (x ＞0)的图象与一次函数y ＝－12x ＋52的图象交于A 、B 两点，点C 的坐标为(1， 12)，连接AC ，AC ∥y 轴．(1)求反比例函数的解析式及点B 的坐标；(2)现有一个直角三角板，让它的直角顶点P 在反比例函数图象上A 、B 之间的部分滑动(不与A 、B 重合)，两直角边始终分别平行于x 轴、y 轴，且与线段AB 交于M 、N 两点，试判断P 点在滑动过程中△PMN 是否与△CBA 总相似？简要说明判断理由．解：（1）由112C ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，得(12)A ，，代入反比例函数my x=中，得2m = ∴反比例函数解析式为：2(0)y x x=> ·························································································· 2分 解方程组15222y x y x ⎧=-+⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩由15222x x -+=化简得：2540x x -+=(4)(1)0x x --=，1241x x ==，所以142B ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭， ········································································· 5分 （2）无论P 点在AB 之间怎样滑动，PMN △与CAB △总能相似．因为B C 、两点纵坐标相等，所以BC x ∥轴．又因为AC y ∥轴，所以CAB △为直角三角形．同时PMN △也是直角三角形，AC PM BC PN ∥，∥． ∴PMN CAB △∽△． ········································································································· 8分 （在理由中只要能说出BC x ∥轴，90ACB ∠=°即可得分．）2，（本题满分10分）如图，在平面直角坐标系中，O 为坐标原点，P 是反比例函数y ＝x6（x ＞0）图象上的任意一点，以P 为圆心，PO 为半径的圆与x 、y 轴分别交于点A 、B ．（1）判断P 是否在线段AB 上，并说明理由； （2）求△AOB 的面积；（3）Q 是反比例函数y ＝x6（x ＞0）图象上异于点P 的另一点，请以Q 为圆心，QO半径画圆与x 、y 轴分别交于点M 、N ，连接AN 、MB ．求证：AN ∥MB ． 解：（1）点P 在线段AB 上，理由如下： ∵点O 在⊙P 上，且∠AOB ＝90°∴AB 是⊙P 的直径 ∴点P 在线段AB 上．（2）过点P 作PP 1⊥x 轴，PP 2⊥y 轴，由题意可知PP 1、PP 2yxQPA BO（第26题）是△AOB 的中位线，故S △AOB ＝21OA ×OB ＝21×2 PP 1×PP 2 ∵P 是反比例函数y ＝x6（x ＞0）图象上的任意一点 ∴S △AOB ＝21OA ×OB ＝21×2 PP 1×2PP 2＝2 PP 1×PP 2＝12．（3）如图，连接MN ，则MN 过点Q ，且S △MON ＝S △AOB ＝12． ∴OA ·OB ＝OM ·ON ∴OBON OM OA = ∵∠AON ＝∠MOB ∴△AON ∽△MOB ∴∠OAN ＝∠OMB ∴AN ∥MB ．3，一次函数y ax b =+的图象分别与x 轴、y 轴交于点,M N ，与反比例函数ky x=的图象相交于点,A B ．过点A 分别作AC x⊥轴，AE y ⊥轴，垂足分别为,C E ；过点B 分别作BF x ⊥轴，BD y ⊥轴，垂足分别为F D ，，AC 与BD 交于点K ，连接CD ．（1）若点A B ，在反比例函数ky x=的图象的同一分支上，如图1，试证明：①AEDK CFBK S S =四边形四边形；②AN BM =．（2）若点A B ，分别在反比例函数ky x=的图象的不同分支上，如图2，则AN 与BM 还相等吗？试证明你的结论． 解：（1）①AC x ⊥轴，AE y ⊥轴，∴四边形AEOC 为矩形．BF x ⊥轴，BD y ⊥轴， ∴四边形BDOF 为矩形．AC x ⊥轴，BD y ⊥轴，∴四边形AEDK DOCK CFBK ，，均为矩形． ······1111OC x AC y x y k ===，，，∴11AEOC S OC AC x y k ===矩形2222OF x FB y x y k ===，，， ∴22BDOF S OF FB x y k ===矩形． ∴AEOC BDOF S S =矩形矩形．AEDK AEOC DOCK S S S =-矩形矩形矩形，CFBK BDOF DOCK S S S =-矩形矩形矩形，∴AEDK CFBK S S =矩形矩形． ··········································································································· 2分②由（1）知AEDK CFBK S S =矩形矩形．∴AK DK BK CK =．∴AK BK CK DK=． ·························································································································· 4分 90AKB CKD ∠=∠=°，)∴AKB CKD△∽△． ············································································································· 5分∴CDK ABK∠=∠．∴AB CD∥． ···························································································································· 6分AC y∥轴，∴四边形ACDN是平行四边形．∴AN CD=． ···························································································································· 7分同理BM CD=．AN BM∴=． ··························································································································· 8分（2）AN与BM仍然相等．····································································································· 9分AEDK AEOC ODKCS S S=+矩形矩形矩形，BKCF BDOF ODKCS S S=+矩形矩形矩形，又AEOC BDOFS S k==矩形矩形，∴AEDK BKCFS S=矩形矩形．····································· 10分∴AK DK BK CK=．∴CK DKAK BK=．K K∠=∠，∴CDK ABK△∽△．∴CDK ABK∠=∠．∴AB CD∥． ····················································································分AC y∥轴，∴四边形ANDC是平行四边形．∴AN CD=．同理BM CD=．∴AN BM=．························································································································· 12分4，已知(1)A m-，与(2B m+，是反比例函数kyx=图象上的两个点．（1）求k的值；（2）若点(10)C-，，则在反比例函数kyx=图象上是否存在点D，使得以A B C D，，，四点为顶点的四边形为梯形？若存在，求出点D的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由．5,如图，一次函数的图象与反比例函数y1= –3x( x<0）的图象相交于A点，与y轴、x轴分别相交于B、C两点，且C（2，0).当x<–1时，一次函数值大于反比例函数的值，当x>–1时，一次函数值小于反比例函数值.求一次函数的解析式；设函数y2=ax(x>0)的图象与y1= –3x(x<0)的图象关于y轴对称.在y2=ax(x>0)的图象上取一点P（P点的横坐标大于2)，过P作PQ⊥x轴，垂足是Q，若四边形BCQP的面积等于2，求P点的坐标.x6、如图12，已知直线12y x =与双曲线(0)ky k x=>交于A B ，两点，且点A 的横坐标为4． （1）求k 的值； （2）若双曲线(0)ky k x=>上一点C 的纵坐标为8，求AOC △的面积； （3）过原点O 的另一条直线l 交双曲线(0)ky k x=>于P Q ，两点（P点在第一象限），若由点A B P Q ，，，为顶点组成的四边形面积为24，求点P 的坐标．解：(1)∵点A 横坐标为4 , ∴当 x = 4时，y = 2 .∴ 点A 的坐标为（ 4，2 ）.∵ 点A 是直线 与双曲线 （k>0）的交点 , ∴ k = 4 ×2 = 8 . (2) 解法一：如图12-1，∵ 点C 在双曲线上，当y = 8时，x = 1∴ 点C 的坐标为 ( 1, 8 ) . 过点A 、C 分别做x 轴、y 轴的垂线，垂足为M 、N ，得矩形DMON . S 矩形ONDM = 32 ， S △ONC = 4 ， S △CDA = 9， S △OAM = 4 . S △AOC = S 矩形ONDM - S △ONC - S △CDA - S △OAM = 32 - 4 - 9 - 4 = 15 . 解法二：如图12-2，过点 C 、A 分别做x 轴的垂线，垂足为E 、F ， ∵ 点C 在双曲线8y x=上，当y = 8时，x = 1 . ∴ 点C 的坐标为 ( 1, 8 ). ∵ 点C 、A 都在双曲线8y x=上 , ∴ S △COE = S △AOF = 4 。