人教版初一英语上册总结
一. 词汇
⑴单词
1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中"，"在……内"。例如：in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如：
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如：
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如：behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如：
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如：
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如：
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀？
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如：
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？
②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home 指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动
词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？
---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?
Section A
【目标呈现】
知识目标：
词汇：blender, yogurt, ingredient, cup, instruction, salt, finally, mix, boil, add
短语：turn on, cut up, mix up, add…to…, pour…into
句型：
1. How do you make a banana milk shake?
2. First, peel the bananas and cut it up.
3. Then put the milk into the blender…
4. —How many bananas do we need?
—We need three bananas.
语法：how many, how much 用法总结。
能力目标：
学会询问和描述一种食物的制作过程。
情感目标：
培养学生寻求帮助、乐于与他人合作的精神及爱家庭和爱做家务的情感。
教师寄语：
A young idler, an old beggar.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
【基础巩固】
自主学习
一、重点词汇拓展
1. 切；割____________ (现在分词) ____________
2. 最后地，最终____________ (形容词) ____________
3. 混合；混在一起____________ (名词) ____________
4. 盐；食盐____________ (形容词) ____________
5. 煮沸；烹煮____________ (过去式) ____________
6. 果汁机；搅拌器____________ (动词) ____________
二、重点词组识记
1. 打开（电器）____________________
2. 切碎____________________
3. 把……倒入……____________________
4.一瓶酸奶_____________________
5. 把……混合在一起____________________
6. make fruit salad ____________________
7. two teaspoons of relish ____________________
8. peel three bananas ____________________
9. put…into the blender ____________________
10. good idea ____________________
三、重点句型体验：
根据所给的图画情景和提示词，写出与图片相符的英语句子，标点符号已给出。
1 2 3 4
5
1. how, make, shake ________________________?
2. first, peel ________________________.
3. next, cut up _____________________.
4. then, turn on ________________________.
5. how many, need ________________________?
知识要点
1. cut v. 切，割。其过去式为cut, 过去分词为cut。
cut up 切碎, 剁碎。
Please cut up the vegetables into small pieces. 请把这些蔬菜切碎。
【注意】cup up是由动词加副词构成的短语，其后接名词做宾语时,名词可以放在cut up中间，也可以放其后, 但接代词宾格it/them时, 应放在cut up中间。
I gave him some carrots and he cut them up. 我给了他几个胡萝卜, 他把胡萝卜都切碎了。
典型例题：
—The banana is too big.
—You can ______ first.
A. cut up them
B. cut them up
C. cut it up
D. cut up it (答案: C )
解析: 因为banana是单数，所以用代词it替代; 又因为cut up后接代词宾格做宾语时,代词应放在cut up中间。
2. pour v. 倒, 往…倒, 倾泻。
She poured some orange juice into my glass. 她往我的杯子里倒了些橘子汁。
Would you like to pour me a cup of coffee, please. 请给我倒一杯咖啡好吗?
The rain is pouring down. 天正在下倾盆大雨.
典型例题：
She p______ herself another cup of tea. (答案: poured)
解析: 她又给自己倒了一杯茶。
3. turn on 动词短语, 打开,开(电灯,电视，自来水，煤气等) 。反义词组是turn off关，关上;相关词组是turn up, 开大，调高; turn down, 关小，调低。
Please turn on the TV. 请把电视打开。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom. 你离开教室时不要忘记关灯。
I can’t hear the music clearly. Please turn up the radio. 我听不清音乐声，请把收音机的声音调大点。
Would you like to turn down the recorder? 你能把录音机的声音调小一点吗?
典型例题：
It's dark (暗的) in the room. Please ______the light.
A. turn on
B. turn up
C. turn down
D. turn off (答案: A)
解析: 房间里太黑了，请把灯打开。
4. How many bananas do we need?我们需要多少个香蕉？
how many, 多少，针对可数名词提问；对不可数名词提问应用how much.
—How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少人？
—Forty-two. Twenty boys and twenty-two girls. 四十二人。二十个女生，二十二个男生。
—How many bottles of water do you drink every day in summer? 你夏天每天喝几瓶水？
—Two.两瓶。
—How much yogurt do we need? 我们需要多少酸奶？
—One cup.一杯。
—How much money do you have in your pocket? 你口袋里有多少钱？
—Ten yuan. 十元。
【拓展】how much还可以用来提问价格，表示多少价钱,相当于What is the price of …?
How much is the pen? 这支钢笔多少钱?
典型例题：
①______ students are there in you class?
A. How much
B. How many
C. How
D. How often (答案: B)
解析: students 是可数名词的复数, how many针对可数名词进行提问。
②—______ bread is there on the table?
—______.
A. How many, five
B. How much, fifth
C. How many, five
pieces D. How much, five pieces
答案: D
解析: bread是不可数名词,所以用how much来提问; 又因为我们不能用数词修饰不可数名词，只能用数词加量词来修饰不可数名词。
③—______ are the hamburgers?
—Ten yuan.
A. How much
B. How many
C. How far
D. How often (答案: A)
解析: How much用来提问价格，表示多少价钱。这些汉堡多少钱? 10元。
随堂达标
一、单项选择
1. You should ______ the bananas and put them in the blender.
A. cut down
B. cut up
C. cut in
2. Dad, can I turn ______ the TV? I want to watch the soccer game.
A. on
B. off
C. up
3. How _______ yogurt do you need?
A. many
B. a little
C.much
4. I need ______.
A. two slices of bread
B. two slices bread
C. two slice of bread
5. How ______ glasses of milk do you drink every day?
A. much
B. many
C. a little
二、用单词的适当形式填空
1. ______(not turn) on the blender before you put bananas and yogurt into it.
2. How many ______(slice) of bread do we need?
3. Let’s ______ (make) a banana milk soomthie together.
4. How much ______ (orange) do you want?
5 ______ (final) mix all the ingredients up.
三、完成句子
1. 把酸奶倒进榨汁机。________________________ the blender.
2. 我们需要多少香蕉？________________________ do we need?
3. 我需要一些帮助。I ______________________ some help.
4. 我们需要把香蕉切碎。We need to
________________________.
5. 打开搅拌器电源，搅拌两分钟。________________________ two minutes.
四、短文填空
Henry is little fatter than he ___1___ to be. He wants to lose some weight（减肥）. So he is on a diet（节食）. He tries not to eat too
___2___ and he eats very ___3___ sugar because it will ___4___ him fat. He also does exercise every day. He swims very ___5___, and he ___6___ about two kilometers a day. Now he is stronger than before. Henry's sister, Susan, is healthier than Henry. She is also ___7___ and thinner than he is. She does exercise every day, too. She doesn't ___8___ much meat. But she eats a lot of fruit and ___9___ because she thinks they are ___10___ for her health. 【能力提升】
语法练习
1. I am hungry. Please give me ______.
A. a bread
B. some breads
C. a piece of bread
D. two pieces of breads
2. I am very busy. I ______ you to look after my brother.
A. want
B. make
C. think
D. hope
3. These cakes taste ______. Can I have another one?
A. good
B. well
C. better
D. bad
4. ______ the window, please. I’m a little cold.
A. Open
B. Not open
C. Don’t open
D. Don’t close
5. —______ people are there in your family?
—Five.
A. How often
B. How much
C. How many
D.
How far
6. —Would you like to ______ some water into my glass?
—Of course.
A. make
B. pour
C. put
D. give
7. Please put one teaspoon of salt into the water, then ______.
A. mix up it
B. mix it up
C. mix them up
D. mix up them
8. —Do you know how to ______ a banana milk smoothie? —Sorry, I don’t know.
A. buy
B. write
C. pour
D. make
9. Cut ______ the bananas and then put them ______ the blender.
A. in; up
B. on; up
C. up; in
D. make
10. It’s not dark in the room. Why not ______ the light?
A. turn up
B. turn off
C. turn on
D. turn down
中考链接
1. ______ those lights, please. Don’t use so much energy. [2008 河北]
A. Take off
B. Put on
C. Turn off
D. Turn on
2. It’s midnight. Would you please ______ the radio? [2008 莆田]
A. turn on
B. turn up
C. turn down
3. —______ is this pair of this pants? [2008 天水]
—It’s 100 yuan.