英语新词：口红效应 lipstick effect
在美国，每当经济不景气的时候，口红的销量就会明显上升。
这是为什么呢?原来，在经济不景气的情况下，人们仍然会有强烈的消费欲望，但是实际经济能力又无法承担珠宝首饰、衣服等高价消费品，于是人们便会转而购买相对比较廉价的商品。
口红作为一种“廉价的非必要之物”成为女性消费者的首选商品，于是就有了一个有趣的经济现象lipstick effect，即“口红效应”。
The lipstick effect is the theory that when facing an economic crisis consumers will be more willing to buy less costly luxury goods. Instead of buying expensive fur coats, women will buy expensive lipstick.
口红效应指的是在经济危机时消费者更愿意购买相对廉价的奢侈品这样一个理论。
女性消费者在经济危机时选择购买的不是价格不菲的皮草服装，而是高档口红。
The underlying assumption is that consumers will buy luxury goods even if there is a crisis. When consumer trust in the economy is dwindling, consumers will buy goods that have less impact on their available funds. Obviously men will not be buying lipstick, but could be tempted by expensive beer or smaller, less costly gadgets.
口红效应揭示的是这样一种思维：就算在经济不景气的情况下，人们仍然有购买奢侈品的愿望。
当人们意识到经济在下滑的时候，他们会购买一些对其现有资金影响不大的商品。
男性消费者当然不会去买口红了，不过他们可能会买高档啤酒或一些小巧又不太贵的小玩意。
更多英语学习：企业英语/。
口红效应 经济学
didn't have much
money ,and the lipsticks cost
little,but useful.
The global financical crisis in 2008 has brought market to the ‘lipstick’.The American media said that the sales of the lipsticks and the facial masks has been rising.However,the relax comsuption , such as doing hair and massage,is very popular.It presents a sharp contrast with other commodities and the downturn in sales of luxury goods .Several major global sales of cosmetics giant confirmed this view, including l 'oreal of France, Germany, byers dole, corporation and Japan shiseido company, etc.L 'oreal had a falling market growthof 5.3%in the first half of 2008 ."Lipstick effect" began to emerge, and the "lipstick effect" theory put forward in the 1930 ’s also appearance in the overseas media unceasingly.
关于口红效应的论文解读 PPT
研究3：经济衰退和女性的寻偶偏好
• 研究目的
− 对实验2结果的稳健性进行检验。 − 检验对有资源配偶的渴望能否作为经济衰退和渴望增强吸引力产品关 系的中介变量。
• 研究方法
− 被试 76个未婚女性大学生，年龄分布于18-24岁。 实验组36人，对照组40人。 − 设计和程序 2（prime condition: 衰退 vs.控制）*2（产品类别: beauty vs.控制） 设计
− 产品
1. Attractivenessenhancing Products 2. Control Products
(a) tank top, (b) fitted jeans, (c)make-up, and (d) perfume (e) Mp3 player, (f) laptop computer, (g) dish soap, and (h) laundry detergent.
研究2
口红效应的一项实验检验
研究3
经济衰退和女性的寻偶偏好
研究4
奢侈美容品VS廉价品嗜好
研究5
产品广告标语
研究1：过去20年失业率与消费者花费的优先顺序
• 研究目的
− 探讨经济状况和消费者花费优先顺序的关系
• 研究方法
− 数据收集自1992年1月-2011年4月的每月零售花费。 − 5种产品，两种类别：
2
The degree to which they felt that: (d) the future is out of their Hands; (e) the world is an unpredictable place; (f) it is uncertain what tomorrow may bring.
英语新词：口红效应 lipstick effect
在美国，每当经济不景气的时候，口红的销量就会明显上升。
这是为什么呢?原来，在经济不景气的情况下，人们仍然会有强烈的消费欲望，但是实际经济能力又无法承担珠宝首饰、衣服等高价消费品，于是人们便会转而购买相对比较廉价的商品。
口红作为一种“廉价的非必要之物”成为女性消费者的首选商品，于是就有了一个有趣的经济现象lipstick effect，即“口红效应”。
The lipstick effect is the theory that when facing an economic crisis consumers will be more willing to buy less costly luxury goods. Instead of buying expensive fur coats, women will buy expensive lipstick.口红效应指的是在经济危机时消费者更愿意购买相对廉价的奢侈品这样一个理论。
女性消费者在经济危机时选择购买的不是价格不菲的皮草服装，而是高档口红。
The underlying assumption is that consumers will buy luxury goods even if there is a crisis. When consumer trust in the economy is dwindling, consumers will buy goods that have less impact on their available funds. Obviously men will not be buying lipstick, but could be tempted by expensive beer or smaller, less costly gadgets.口红效应揭示的是这样一种思维：就算在经济不景气的情况下，人们仍然有购买奢侈品的愿望。
口红危机作文五百字
口红危机作文五百字英文回答：The "lipstick effect" is an economic theory that suggests that during economic downturns, sales of inexpensive luxury goods, such as lipstick, increase. This is because consumers are still looking for ways to treat themselves, even when they are cutting back on larger purchases.There are a few possible explanations for this phenomenon. One is that lipstick is a relatively inexpensive way to indulge in a bit of luxury. A newlipstick can make someone feel good about themselves, even if they are not able to afford a new car or a vacation. Another possibility is that lipstick is seen as a "safe" luxury purchase. It is not as extravagant as a new dress or a piece of jewelry, so it is less likely to be judged by others.Whatever the reason, the "lipstick effect" is a real phenomenon that has been observed during economic downturns throughout history. It is a reminder that even in the toughest of times, people still find ways to treat themselves.中文回答：“口红效应”是指经济低迷时期，口红等低价奢侈品的销量会上升的经济学理论。
口红危机作文1000字满分
口红危机作文1000字满分英文回答：The Lipstick Effect: A Psychological Phenomenon.The lipstick effect is a psychological phenomenon that describes the tendency for consumers to buy more affordable luxuries, such as lipstick, during economic downturns as a way to boost their mood or indulge in a small treat. This effect is often attributed to the desire for comfort and familiarity during times of uncertainty.The lipstick effect has been observed during previous economic crises, such as the Great Depression and the 2008 financial crisis. During these periods, sales of lipstick and other small indulgences actually increased, even as overall consumer spending declined.Psychologists believe that there are several reasons why the lipstick effect occurs. One reason is that lipstickis a relatively affordable treat that can provide a momentary boost of confidence or pleasure. Additionally, lipstick is often seen as a symbol of femininity and glamour, which may make it more appealing during times when people are feeling uncertain or stressed.The lipstick effect is also supported by the fact that many people turn to small indulgences as a way to reward themselves or cope with difficult times. Lipstick, as a relatively inexpensive luxury, can provide a sense of self-care and indulgence without breaking the bank.中文回答：口红效应，一种心理现象。
哈佛大学研究：口红能给女人自信、让考试加分（双语）
哈佛大学研究：口红能给女人自信、让考试加分（双语）A new study just confirmed that makeup does in fact make you feel smarter and can lead to better grades too.一项最新研究证实，化妆确实能够让人感觉更聪明、并在考试中取得更好的分数。
Researchers from Harvard Medical School and the University of Chieti, Italy put the ’lipstick effect’ to the test and discovered that female students who wear makeup cognitively benefit from the psychological phenomenon in which wearing cosmetics can make an individual feel a sense of overall enhancement in self-esteem, attitude, and personality.来自哈佛医学院和意大利基埃蒂大学的研究人员们对“口红效应”进行了研究，发现化妆的女学生可以从一种心理现象中受益——即化妆可以使个人在自尊、态度和性格方面得到整体提高。
The effect of makeup even proved to be a better predictor for higher grades than mood boosters like listening to positive music.化妆还被证明可以让人在测试中拿到更高分数，甚至比听一些积极的音乐来提振自己心情更加有效。
In line with our predictions, we found a significant effect ofmake-up on a multiple-choice test performance, with scores being significantly higher compared to those obtained after listening to positive music,’ the researchers wrote in an academic paper published in Cogent Psychology.在刊载在期刊《Cogent Psychology》上的一篇学术论文中，研究者们写道：“就跟我们预期的一样，我们发现化妆对于多选测试有很大的影响，相比于那些听完音乐再参加测试的人来说，化妆的人分数要远远高于他们。
每日一句-fighting
2013-5-16
Tears will get you sympathy. Sweat will get you results.
泪水会为你带来同情，汗水会为你带来成果。
2013-5-18
A pound of pluck is worth a ton of luck.
我们常常听人说，人们因工作过度而垮下来，但是实际上十有八九是因为饱受担忧或焦虑的折磨。
2013-04-05
Each success only buys an admission ticket to a more difficult problem.
成功只是购买一张门票，通往下一个更困难的问题。
2013-01-26
Ability may get you to the top, but it takes character to keep you there.
能力会让你青云直上，到达顶峰，但必须靠足够的人格魅力，才能让你留在那里。
2013-01-27
Don't judge a man until you have walked a mile in his boots.
没有人可以和生活讨价还价，所以只要活着，就一定要努力。
2013-02-22
You never lose by loving. You always lose by holding back.
施予爱绝无损，保留爱却常有失。
2013-02-23
Love the person who saw you when you were invisible.
立夏
二十四节气之一，每年5月5日或5月6日，中国自古习惯以立夏作为夏季开始的日子。
关于口红效应的英文阅读理解
关于口红效应的英文阅读理解The "lipstick effect" is a theory that suggests during tough economic times, consumers will be more willing to buy less expensive luxury goods, such as lipstick, as a means of making themselves feel better. This term was first coined during the Great Depression in the 1930s when it was observed that despite the overall decline in consumer spending, the sales of cosmetics, particularly lipstick, remained strong.The lipstick effect is often attributed to the ideathat consumers may not be able to afford big-ticket luxury items during an economic downturn, but they still want to treat themselves to something that feels luxurious. Lipstick, being a relatively affordable luxury item, becomes a popular choice for consumers looking to indulgein a small, feel-good purchase.From a psychological perspective, the lipstick effect can be seen as a form of retail therapy. In times ofeconomic uncertainty, people may turn to small indulgences like lipstick to boost their mood and alleviate stress.This phenomenon reflects the human desire for comfort and self-care, even in challenging financial circumstances.Furthermore, the lipstick effect has implications for the beauty industry and consumer behavior. Companies may capitalize on this phenomenon by offering a range of affordable luxury beauty products during economic downturns, recognizing that consumers may still be willing to make discretionary purchases in this category.In conclusion, the lipstick effect refers to the tendency for consumers to purchase small luxury items like lipstick during tough economic times as a way to feel better. This phenomenon highlights the complex interplay between consumer psychology, economic conditions, andretail trends.。
经济学各种效应
●所谓“口红效应”是指一种有趣的经济现象，在美国，每当在经济不景气时，口红的销量反而会直线上升。
人们认为口红是一种比较廉价的消费品，在经济不景气的情况下，人们仍然会有强烈的消费欲望，所以会转而购买比较廉价的商品。
口红作为一种“廉价的非必要之物”，可以对消费者起到一种“安慰”的作用，尤其是当柔软润泽的口红接触嘴唇的那一刻。
另一方面，经济的衰退会让一些低收入者，改变他们攒钱买房、买车、出国旅游等计划，反而能腾出一些“小闲钱”，去买一些“廉价的非必要之物”。
●所谓溢出效应，是指一个组织在进行某项活动时，不仅会产生活动所预期的效果，而且会对组织之外的人或社会产生的影响。
这是书上的定义，简而言之，就是某项活动要有外部收益，而且是活动的主体得不到的收益。
上面说到的交通，学校是放假的行为主体，放假了，老师同学都高兴，这是它的可预期的内部收益；由此，家长不需要再在城里开着车七拐八绕地送孩子上学，交通畅通了，这就是外部收益，是溢出来的，所以和学校无关的人也分享到了交通改善的好处。
●“集聚效应”是指各种产业和经济活动在空间上集中产生的经济效果以及吸引经济活动向一定地区靠近的向心力,是导致城市形成和不断扩大的基本因素。
●经济学中的规模效应是根据边际成本递减推导出来的，就是说企业的成本包括固定成本和变动成本，混合成本则可以分解为这两种成本，在生产规模扩大后，变动成本同比例增加而固定成本不增加，所以单位产品成本就会下降，企业的销售利润率就会上升。
规模效应因此又称规模经济，即因规模增大带来的经济效益提高，但是规模过大可能产生信息传递速度慢且造成信息失真、管理官僚化等弊端，反而产生“规模不经济”。
●辐射效应是指射线同物质的相互作用。
所有的射线，不管它是带电的或是不带电的，也不管是粒子还是电磁波，它们都能与物质发生相互作用，当它们穿过物质时，或者是被物质部分地或全部地吸收，或者是从一定厚度的物质中穿透出去。
经济辐射效应是指以城市为经济发展的基点，通过其较强的经济、文化、科技、教育、人才等资源优势，带动周围乡村经济、文化、教育、科技的发展。
传媒业“口红效应”现实性初探
另据统计，2008年上半年英国广告市场整体支出同比大幅下降，各传媒集团纷纷以挤压员工福利、大幅裁员等方式缩减成本。而由于广告收入大减，西班牙、荷兰等地的免费报纸也面临停刊。俄罗斯媒体行业广告投放总量正在急剧缩减，数百家主要从事广告业务的传媒公司已经破产；韩国KBS、MBC、SBS三大电视台2008年10月的广告收入较2007年同期减少了24.6%，为减少投资，纷纷开始减少电视剧的制播量，并降低演员薪酬。
从行业经营方面看，广播业的经营模式走向跨行业联合经营，盈利模式逐渐以广告为主。广告销售业绩在大萧条中也逐年上升，到1941年，广告收入总规模达到2亿美元。此外，广播广告形来自有所创新，广播业技术也取得进步。
电影业蓄势发展
美国电影在大萧条之前是全国第四大产业，1927年有声电影出现无疑使电影产业发展更具竞争力。大萧条时期虽然受影响，但与其他娱乐业相比，电影仍是发展相对比较好的商业娱乐。电影商采取多种措施进行促销，如双片连映、影院博彩等，电影内容大多为逃避现实而设计，有的电影则为了娱乐而拍摄。
行业发展状况：唯有行业本身处于积极的发展态势（如技术更新、内容创新等），以及宽松的政策支持和良好的消费氛围，“口红效应”才会作为催化剂促进行业发展；若是行业自身根基不牢，且欠缺外部支持（如政策、资金等），则很难借助“口红效应”化危为机。
（二）探求传媒业应用“口红效应”策略
把握发展时机，迎合“口红”规律
据韩国文化观光部的统计，1996年韩国的日报（包括专业性报纸）为116家，1997年为105家、1998年108家、1999年112家，至2000年末，韩国共有116家日报，至此才恢复到1996年金融危机前的水平。
当时，新加坡、泰国、马来西亚、菲律宾以及越南等发展中国家也受到强烈冲击，各国传媒产业表现出一定的不景气，不少报社广告收入大幅下滑，不得不裁员甚至关门。经济受到重创的日本为摆脱困境，积极调整产业结构，将国民经济增长的重点从传统的制造业转向大力发展文化产业，把“文化立国”战略落实成具体的方针政策，传媒产业受益颇多。