高中英语语法 名词和主谓一致

Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致
一、名词
1、名词的分类
1）专有名词
2）个体名词
3）集体名词
4）物质名词
5）抽象名词
*抽象名词具体化（见附1）
2、名词的数
1）不可数名词
2）可数名词
3）集体名词的数
①可表单可表复
②只能表示复数
4）只有复数形式的名词
5）单复数意义不同的词
3、名词的格
1）’s所有格的构成
2）of所有格的构成
3）双重所有格
*易混名词辨析（见附2）
二、主谓一致
1、主谓一致的三原则
1）语法一致原则：主单谓单，主复谓复
e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.
They are praised by us.
2）意义一致原则：着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式
e.g. Three months has passed since you left.
The old are very well taken care of in our city.
3）就近原则：谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致
Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
e.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game.
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
2、主语的形式
1）不定代词作主语
①独立的不定代词作主语
不定代词either \neither\ each\ one\ the other\ another\ someone\ anyone\ somebody\ something\ anybody\ anything\ everyone\ everybody\ everything\ nobody\ no one\ nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常作单数
e.g. No one likes to be laughed at.
Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.
②neither\ either of…作主语+复数名词，谓语动词可单可复
e.g.Either of the two films are\is interesting.
③all作主语
主语指人时用复数，指全部事情时用单数
e.g. All are present at the meeting.
All is going on very well.
④each
⑤such作主语：根据其意义定
e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.
Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much
2）集合名词作主语
3）以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语
①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语，谓语动词用单数：mathematics，physics
②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：the United States
③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语，谓语动词用复数：the Philippines, the Humalayas 4）单复同形
5）含有修饰语的名词作主语
①量词修饰的：看量词
e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive.
Those packets of sweets belong to him.
②a group of和a couple of修饰的，谓语动词用复数
e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school.
③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词
a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought for the children.
quantities of 复数Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.
④more(…) than one
More than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数，但因其中心词是单数，所以谓语动词用单数
e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion.
More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数
e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.
⑤many a修饰：形单意复
Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.
⑥one(…) or two
one or two 后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数
e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.
a\an +可数名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数
e.g. One tear or two rolls down her face.
⑦百分数：看被修饰的词
6）the+形容词作主语
表一类人，用复数The injured have been sent to the hospital.
表个别或抽象概念，用单数The new is sure to take the place of the old.
7）非谓语动词形式、从句作主语
①非谓语动词形式作主语
A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数
To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.
B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动
词用复数。

To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.
②从句作主语：概念一致原则
What he says and acts does not concern me.
What he says and acts do not agree.
③表示度量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数
Ten years has passed since we saw last.
Five minutes is too short for me to do it.
8）并列结构作主语
①用and连接
不同事物用复数English and Chinese are quite different languages.
同一事物或概念用单数 A knife and fork is needed for the dinner.
*the poet and the writer the poet and writer
②each…and each…及every…and every…类，谓语动词用单数
No employer and no employee knows how to deal with it.
③就近原则
3、其他情况的主谓一致
1）假性主语
With, together with, along with, as well as, like, such as, as much as, no less than, rather than,
including, besides, but, except, in addition to等短语或单词后的主语被称为假性主语，句子的谓语动词由原主语而定，不受假性主语影响
The teacher, together with some students, is running.
2）there be 句型：就近原则。