大学英语专业语法课件12-Coordination_&_Subordination
合集下载
大学英语语法 之coordination教学提纲
= He is a man of principle, so we all respect him He is a photographer ; quite often he travels abroad to take pictures.
Punctuation marks
1. Comma(逗号） the difference in repeating use of commas and coordinators He said that he had no money, that he had no friends to count on, and that he expected me to help him.
2. Dash (破折号) He is versatile — he masters five different languages and plays the piano very well.
3. Colon (冒号) He has finally made his goal known to us : he wants to be a scientist.
❖ as well as... He came here to learn English as well as to know more about life. I love her because she is intelligent as well as because she is considerate.
She is not only beautiful but (also) kind. She is interested not only in music but (also) in art. Not only can she dance, but she can (also) sing.
Punctuation marks
1. Comma(逗号） the difference in repeating use of commas and coordinators He said that he had no money, that he had no friends to count on, and that he expected me to help him.
2. Dash (破折号) He is versatile — he masters five different languages and plays the piano very well.
3. Colon (冒号) He has finally made his goal known to us : he wants to be a scientist.
❖ as well as... He came here to learn English as well as to know more about life. I love her because she is intelligent as well as because she is considerate.
She is not only beautiful but (also) kind. She is interested not only in music but (also) in art. Not only can she dance, but she can (also) sing.
高级英语上讲义Lesson12
Lesson Twelve Why I Write一、Words and Expressions1.aesthetic-esthetic adj.美学的，审美的，艺术的美学标准aesthetic standards美感 aesthetic sense这个建筑的设计很美观。
The design of this building is very aesthetic.adv.aesthetically n.aesthetics 美学2.arrest-arresting v.-adj.put/place sb.under arrest她因为企图盗窃被捕了。
She was put under arrest for attempted burglary.adj.arresting: striking, appealing, attractivearresting smile/gesture/behavior3.backbone n.脊柱，中坚，栋梁，勇气， support这一代的年轻人是国家的栋梁之才。
The young of this generation are the backbone of the country.He has no backbone.他没有脊梁骨（没有坚强的性格）。
to the backbone彻底地backlog 积压的工作 a backlog of work, unanswered lettersback number 过期的期刊4.bout n.I.bout of (doing) sth.一回，一阵II.(疾病的)侵袭，发作 a bout of flu她患多发性抑郁症。
She suffered from frequent bouts of depression. III.拳击或摔跤比赛。
pulsion n.强制 being compelledI．under compulsion他勉强接受他们的邀请。
新编大学生基础英语综合教程第二册教学课件Unit 12--Lesson 1
very smart-looking.
P Donna: About a year; can get from A to B quickly; sometime
have accidents and should always wear a helmet.
S
×
Listening & Vocabulary
RI 2. Look at photos 1 – 4. Which car do you think is the most attractive?
LP
V
2
L&V
1
S&R
LF
P
S
3
4
×
Vocabulary
O
a
3.What alternative forms of
RI transport are shown in the
L&V
need.
The reactionary government failed to meet the
S&R
desperate needs of the people.
LF
P
S
×
O Lexical Preparation
RI 6. used to If something used to be done or used to be the
O
Lesson 1 Car Culture
RI Objectives
LP
• Talking about different forms of transport
V
• Listening to various people discuss forms of
新编大学生基础英语综合教程第二册教学课件Unit 12--Lesson 2
LP
Margaret. John also sympathises with the tree dweller.
They were evicted from their apartment after their
L
mother became addicted to drugs.
RT
S
Pr
×
Lexical Preparation
O
RI 5. grateful adj. feeling or showing thanks to another person
×
O Related Information
RI
A tree dweller ━ someone who lives in a tree.
LP
A squatter ━ someone who lives in an unused building R or who occupies unused land without having a legal V right to do so. L Consumerism ━ the concept that people spending lots RT of money is good for society.
L
a) What a person feels?
RT
b) What a situation is?
S
Key:
-ed adjectives: refer to what a person feels
Pr
-ing adjectives: refer to what a situation is
×
Vocabulary
现代大学英语精读2第12课ppt课件
a. a feeling of anger and surprise caused
by sth. that is unfair or unreasonable
b. to make a stupid or careless mistake
c. a person that you oppose in a game,
•Do you follow certain principles of your own in handling interpersonal relationships? •What is the “fundamental technique in
handling people” according to the author? Are
contest, argument, etc.
d. to damage sb. or make sth. worse
e. a feeling of hatred for sb. that causes a
desire to harm sb.
f. to delay doing sth. you should do, W usually because you do not want to do it
– As a young man, Abraham Lincoln leant to not to ridicule people the hard way. (paras. 2–4)
13
A Fundamental Technique in Handling People
Unit 12
Theme
Structure
Detailed Analysis
Text Analysis
大学高级英语语法PPT第十二章
12.1. Restrictiveness and non-restrictiveness
restrictive or non-restrictive? Mr. Brown, who had promised to support me, did not keep his word. The Prime Minister, who has been in office for three terms, is running for another term in the forthcoming election. ※non-restrictive relative clause may be structurally optional, but semantically obligatory. ※ they perform a similar function to that of the adverbial clause. ※Can be paraphrased as: Mr. Brown did not keep his word though he had promised to support me. Although he has been in office for three terms, the Prime Minister is running for another term in…
12.1. Restrictiveness and non-restrictiveness two kinds of relative clauses: restrictive non-restrictive e.g. 1) Jilian Brown, who lives next door, is now travelling in Scotland. 2) The girl who lives next door is now travelling in Scotland. 3) Ann returned my book to the library by mistake, which I bought at a bookstore at Cambridge. 4) This is the book (which /that) I bought at a bookstore at Cambridge. ※1)&3): non-restrictive 2)&4): restrictive ※If the clause is introduced by that as in 4) (or a zero relative pronoun)→ restrictive relative clause. If the clause is introduced by which as in 3) (or other whwords), → either restrictive or non-restrictive
《大学英语语法》课件—12Clause Adverbial clauses
3. Punctuation When an adverbial clause begins the sentence, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.
• She hesitated for a moment. • She finally went in. • She asked to see a dress. • The dress was in the window. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in
College English Grammar:
Grammar and Writing
Unit 12
Clause: Adverbial clauses
• Grammar: Adverbial clauses • Writing:
Correcting: Article Misuse Rewriting: Periodic/Loose sentences
2. Forms and kinds An adverbial clause always begins with subordinating conjunction (such as if, when, because, than, although) and includes a subject (S.) and a predicate (P.).
Adverbial Clauses
1. Functions An adverbial clause is a subordinate clause that functions as an adverb to modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. It tells when, where, how, why, to what extent, or under what condition.
unit12ppt
பைடு நூலகம்
Generating and coding transcripts
Once you have tape- or video-recorded some classroom interaction, you must decide whether to transcribe some or all of the interaction. This decision should be guided by your research question. Sometimes it’s necessary and well worth the time involved to generate good transcripts.
Ellis and barkhuizen(2005) identify three research paradigms in second language acquisition.
Nomative规范性:The purpose of normative approaches is to test a theoretically motivated hypothesis Interpretive解释性: The purpose of the interpretive paradigm is to describe and understand L2 acquisition through the intensive and usually longitudinal, study of a limited number of cases. Critical批判性: The critical paradigm investigates language acquisition in its sociocultural context.
Generating and coding transcripts
Once you have tape- or video-recorded some classroom interaction, you must decide whether to transcribe some or all of the interaction. This decision should be guided by your research question. Sometimes it’s necessary and well worth the time involved to generate good transcripts.
Ellis and barkhuizen(2005) identify three research paradigms in second language acquisition.
Nomative规范性:The purpose of normative approaches is to test a theoretically motivated hypothesis Interpretive解释性: The purpose of the interpretive paradigm is to describe and understand L2 acquisition through the intensive and usually longitudinal, study of a limited number of cases. Critical批判性: The critical paradigm investigates language acquisition in its sociocultural context.
【绝对精品】英语语法17-并列和从属-Coordination and Subordination
urgent, prompt
Subordinators
Subordination: linking of the two clauses at different syntactic levels and results in a complex sentence.
On the higher level: the main clause On the lower level: the subordinate clause the main idea in the main clause the minor idea in a dependent clause
yet
or
or; either…or…
➢ He opened the door and went in. ➢ She is not only pretty but also intelligent. ➢ You can either come with me or stay at
home. ➢ Hurry up, or you will be late. ➢ They are poor but / yet proud. ➢ Wise men seek after truth,
while / whereas fools despise knowledge.
Coordinators & Punctuation Marks
– At customs, every box, bag, or parcel is inspected.
– Mr. Brown cooked, cleaned, mended, went to meetings of sewing club: he did everything just to please his wife.
Subordinators
Subordination: linking of the two clauses at different syntactic levels and results in a complex sentence.
On the higher level: the main clause On the lower level: the subordinate clause the main idea in the main clause the minor idea in a dependent clause
yet
or
or; either…or…
➢ He opened the door and went in. ➢ She is not only pretty but also intelligent. ➢ You can either come with me or stay at
home. ➢ Hurry up, or you will be late. ➢ They are poor but / yet proud. ➢ Wise men seek after truth,
while / whereas fools despise knowledge.
Coordinators & Punctuation Marks
– At customs, every box, bag, or parcel is inspected.
– Mr. Brown cooked, cleaned, mended, went to meetings of sewing club: he did everything just to please his wife.
胡壮麟语言学chapter12(名牌大学教授整理)PPT课件
called the signifier (能指) and the
signified (所指).
Chapter 12
7
Birth of Modern Linguistics (3) Saussure’s ideas on the arbitrary nature of sign, on the relational nature of linguistic units, on the distinction of LANGUE and PAROLE and of SYNCHRONIC and DIACHRONIC linguistics, etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage.
When is the beginning of modern linguistics?
We date modern linguistics from the
early twentieth century when scholars
worked out detailed scientific
methods for establishing relationships
meaning.
Chapter 12
15
The Prague School
1. Phonology and phonological oppositions
In classifying distinctive features, he proposed three criteria:
(1) their relation to the whole contrastive system;
This book became the most important source of Saussure's ideas and of his influence upon succeeding generations of linguists. Saussure's ideas were developed along three lines: linguistics, sociology, and psychology.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
ination
• A grammatical unit that functions as a constituent of another unit of equal or lower rank of structure is called a subordinate construction. Subordinate construction can be a finite clause, a non-finite clause, a verbless clause or a phrase. • Subordinate clauses are generally introduced by subordinators, which in terms of word formation, can be classified into (P346-347):
• You must try and persuade her to come.
• Can you touch pitch and not be defiled?
without being defiled
And-group coordinators
• Note that besides ―addition‖, coordinator and also carries some other senses, e.g. transfer condition & result temporal • He is Jack of all trades and master of none. sequence • He took a cigarette and handed it to a stranger. • Turn left at the first crossing and you’ll see the school. • Mary likes music and Jim is fond of sports. • He is a bit barbaric, and I don’t like this.
• *He not only likes music but also sports.
• *He both likes music and he likes sports. • *He not only likes music but he also like sports.
But-group coordinators
1. Why sentence [b] cannot replace sentence [a]?
Lecture 13 Coordination & Subordination • Coordination • Subordination
Coordination
• A coordination is a sequence of semantically-related grammatical units that are similar in form, equal in rank of structure, identical in function and are connected by coordinators, e.g.
• simple subordinators (e.g. when, before, though…etc.)
• complex subordinators (e.g. now that, such that…etc.) • correlative subordinators (e.g. no sooner… than, etc.) • marginal subordinators (e.g. on the grounds that)
• This group includes but, not…but, while, whereas, yet, only, etc. denoting ―contrast or a turn in meaning, e.g. • This coat is not mine but yours. • It never rains but it pours. • She is a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. • I often dream of buying a big house in Guangzhou, only I cannot afford it.
Observe the unacceptable sentences below, transform them into grammatical forms: • *Both Jane wanted to go to the south, and her husband wanted to go there, too. • *He both like music and sports.
• He has neither phoned nor written us recently.
And-group coordinators
• But: • He is nice and gentle.
nicely / very
go to try to
• I’ll go and bring back your boots.
•
In addition, there are some correlative coordinators semantically related to the basic coordinators such as both…and, not only… but also, not … nor, neither… nor, either… or, etc.
Coordinators
• Modern English has three basic coordinators: and, or, but. Added to these are yet, so, nor, items that can function both as conjunctions and as conjunctive adverbs.
• husband and wife, up and down… • good but expensive, brave but foolish…
• stay or leave, to be or not to be…
• Notes: • Coordination may be on different level of structures (words, phrases, or clauses) • Coordinating devices may include coordinators and punctuation marks.
Ways of subordinating minor ideas
• It is a general practice to put the main idea in the matrix clause and the minor idea in a dependent clause. Subordinate ideas can be expressed through finite or nonfinite clauses or by a verbless clause, e.g.
And-group coordinators
• Observe the following examples involving semantic extension via coordinators: and, both … and…, not only … (but) also…, not … nor…, neither …nor. • As is reported, a trade agreement was signed, and a cultural exchange was arranged. • Mrs Cox is both kind and gentle to her pupils. • He not only wanted the diamond but wanted it desperately. • Jane will never compromise with Bill, nor will Bill compromise with Jane.
contrast
Attitudinal disjunct
Or-group coordinators
• This group includes or and either…or…, denoting ―alternation‖. But it is worth noting that they can also denote negative condition e.g. • Make up your mind, or you will miss the chance. • You’ll either behave yourself, or you’ll never go out to play.
•
•
Coordinators
• Semantically considered, English coordinators can be roughly divided into three types:
• And-group coordinators —— addition • Or-group coordinators —— alternation • But-group coordinators —— contrast/transfer
Lecture 13 Coordination & Subordination
• Preliminaries: a. Mary is poor but John is happy. b. ?*Although Mary is poor, John is happy. 2. What do coordination and subordination means? Illustrate the terms with exemplifications.
• A grammatical unit that functions as a constituent of another unit of equal or lower rank of structure is called a subordinate construction. Subordinate construction can be a finite clause, a non-finite clause, a verbless clause or a phrase. • Subordinate clauses are generally introduced by subordinators, which in terms of word formation, can be classified into (P346-347):
• You must try and persuade her to come.
• Can you touch pitch and not be defiled?
without being defiled
And-group coordinators
• Note that besides ―addition‖, coordinator and also carries some other senses, e.g. transfer condition & result temporal • He is Jack of all trades and master of none. sequence • He took a cigarette and handed it to a stranger. • Turn left at the first crossing and you’ll see the school. • Mary likes music and Jim is fond of sports. • He is a bit barbaric, and I don’t like this.
• *He not only likes music but also sports.
• *He both likes music and he likes sports. • *He not only likes music but he also like sports.
But-group coordinators
1. Why sentence [b] cannot replace sentence [a]?
Lecture 13 Coordination & Subordination • Coordination • Subordination
Coordination
• A coordination is a sequence of semantically-related grammatical units that are similar in form, equal in rank of structure, identical in function and are connected by coordinators, e.g.
• simple subordinators (e.g. when, before, though…etc.)
• complex subordinators (e.g. now that, such that…etc.) • correlative subordinators (e.g. no sooner… than, etc.) • marginal subordinators (e.g. on the grounds that)
• This group includes but, not…but, while, whereas, yet, only, etc. denoting ―contrast or a turn in meaning, e.g. • This coat is not mine but yours. • It never rains but it pours. • She is a funny girl, yet you can’t help liking her. • I often dream of buying a big house in Guangzhou, only I cannot afford it.
Observe the unacceptable sentences below, transform them into grammatical forms: • *Both Jane wanted to go to the south, and her husband wanted to go there, too. • *He both like music and sports.
• He has neither phoned nor written us recently.
And-group coordinators
• But: • He is nice and gentle.
nicely / very
go to try to
• I’ll go and bring back your boots.
•
In addition, there are some correlative coordinators semantically related to the basic coordinators such as both…and, not only… but also, not … nor, neither… nor, either… or, etc.
Coordinators
• Modern English has three basic coordinators: and, or, but. Added to these are yet, so, nor, items that can function both as conjunctions and as conjunctive adverbs.
• husband and wife, up and down… • good but expensive, brave but foolish…
• stay or leave, to be or not to be…
• Notes: • Coordination may be on different level of structures (words, phrases, or clauses) • Coordinating devices may include coordinators and punctuation marks.
Ways of subordinating minor ideas
• It is a general practice to put the main idea in the matrix clause and the minor idea in a dependent clause. Subordinate ideas can be expressed through finite or nonfinite clauses or by a verbless clause, e.g.
And-group coordinators
• Observe the following examples involving semantic extension via coordinators: and, both … and…, not only … (but) also…, not … nor…, neither …nor. • As is reported, a trade agreement was signed, and a cultural exchange was arranged. • Mrs Cox is both kind and gentle to her pupils. • He not only wanted the diamond but wanted it desperately. • Jane will never compromise with Bill, nor will Bill compromise with Jane.
contrast
Attitudinal disjunct
Or-group coordinators
• This group includes or and either…or…, denoting ―alternation‖. But it is worth noting that they can also denote negative condition e.g. • Make up your mind, or you will miss the chance. • You’ll either behave yourself, or you’ll never go out to play.
•
•
Coordinators
• Semantically considered, English coordinators can be roughly divided into three types:
• And-group coordinators —— addition • Or-group coordinators —— alternation • But-group coordinators —— contrast/transfer
Lecture 13 Coordination & Subordination
• Preliminaries: a. Mary is poor but John is happy. b. ?*Although Mary is poor, John is happy. 2. What do coordination and subordination means? Illustrate the terms with exemplifications.