人物传记专题阅读理解题

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文言文人物传记阅读练习及答案

文言文人物传记阅读练习及答案

高中文言文人物传记阅读练习第一篇《三国志·华佗传》阅读练习及答案(后附译文)阅读下面的文言文,完成1—4题。

华佗字元化,沛国谯人也。

游学徐土,兼通数经。

沛相陈珪举孝廉,太尉黄琬辟,皆不就。

晓养性之术,时人以为年且百岁而貌有壮容。

又精方药,其疗疾,合汤不过数种,心解分剂,不复称量,煮熟便饮,语其节度,舍去辄愈。

若当灸,不过一两处,病亦应除。

若当针,亦不过一两处,下针言:“当引某许,若至,语吾。

”病者言“已到”,应便拔针,病亦行差。

若病结积在内,当须刳割者,便饮其麻沸散,须臾便如醉死,无所知,因破取。

病若在肠中,便断肠湔洗,缝腹膏摩,四五日,差,不痛,一月之间,即平复矣。

有一郡守病,佗以为其人盛怒则差,乃多受其货而不加治,无何弃去,留书骂之。

郡守果大怒,令人追捉杀佗,郡守子知之,属使勿逐,守嗔恚既甚,吐黑血数升而愈。

佗之绝技,凡此类也。

太祖闻而召佗。

太祖苦头风①,每发,心乱目眩,佗针鬲,随手而差。

然本作士人,以医见业,意常自悔。

后太祖亲理,得病笃重,使佗专视。

佗曰:“此近难济,恒事攻治,可延岁月。

”佗久远家思归,因曰:“当得家书,方欲暂还耳。

”到家,辞以妻病,数乞期不反。

太祖累书呼,犹不上道。

太祖大怒,使人往检。

若妻信病,赐小豆四十斛,宽假限日;若其虚诈,便收送之。

于是传付许狱,考验首服。

荀彧请曰:“佗术实工,人命所县,宜含宥之。

”太祖曰:“不忧,天下当无此鼠辈耶?”遂考竟②佗。

佗临死,出一卷书与狱吏,曰:“此可以活人。

”吏畏法不受,佗亦不强,索火烧之。

佗死后,太祖头风未除。

太祖曰:“佗能愈此。

小人养吾病,欲以自重,然吾不杀此子,亦终当不为我断此根原耳。

”及后爱子曹冲病困太祖叹曰吾悔杀华佗令此儿强死也(节选自《三国志•华佗传》)[注] ①头风:头痛病。

②考竟:拷问,死于狱中。

1.对下列句子加点词的解释,不正确的一项是( )A.沛相陈珪举孝廉举:推荐B.人命所县,宜含宥之宥:宽容C.太祖苦头风苦:痛苦D.佗亦不强,索火烧之强:勉强2.下列句子中,断句正确的一项是( )A. 及后爱子曹冲病/困太祖叹曰/吾悔杀华佗/令此儿强死也B. 及后爱子曹冲病困/太祖叹曰/吾悔杀华佗/令此儿强死也C. 及后爱子曹冲病/困太祖叹曰/吾悔杀/华佗令此儿强死也D. 及后爱子曹冲病困/太祖叹曰/吾悔杀/华佗令此儿强死也3.下列对原文有关内容的理解和分析,正确的一项是( )A.华佗原是读书人,外出求学,通晓几种儒家经典,当时不止一人要他出来做官,他都不接受,后来他对自己从事医业从来没有产生后悔之情。

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《张同敞传》含答案

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《张同敞传》含答案

高考语文人物传记阅读理解《张同敞传》含答案(2023春·浙江温州·高三统考开学考试)阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。

张同敞传张同敞,湖广江陵人,曾祖居正,相神宗有声。

敞,崇祯间荫补..中书舍人。

至十七年,闯贼李自成陷北京,怀宗殉难,贼索朝官甚急,文武逼降者多。

敞藏入宫牙牌匿民间,潜出城徒步南归。

及永历帝龙飞端州,敌陷粤东,上留大学士瞿式耜守粤西,驾幸武岗,趣敞入朝。

丁亥八月,寇陷武岗,上狩粤西。

敞为乱兵所掠,避入黔地。

时黔、粤隔绝,人情汹扰,数月不闻行在..消息。

川、黔士绅议立荣、韩二藩。

敞与钱邦芑及郑逢元、杨乔然力争其不可,众议乃沮。

戊子,敞从间道..赴行在,升詹事府正詹事。

时寇数道攻粤,留守瞿式耜疏荐敞知兵,得士心。

上命以兵部左侍郎,经略楚、粤兵马。

时兵弱饷匮,敞身在行间,分甘苦,以忠义激励将士,人人自奋。

每接战,敞即以死誓。

及庚寅冬,敞督开国公赵印选、卫国公胡一青连营于桂林之小榕江。

十一月初五日敌兵大至两营战败敞率数骑入桂林城时军民俱散留守大学士朝服坐堂上誓与城亡见敞至,喜曰:“我守臣不容他适,子军中总督,自宜行。

天下事尚可为,子勉之!”敞笑曰:“公能为朝廷死,敞独不能乎?何相待之薄也!”遂取酒共饮,坐而待之。

次日,敌人入城,执敞与式耜见孔有德,两人不跪,敞尤大骂。

有德命部下捶辱之,敞骂愈厉。

有德命拘二人于城北一小室中,命左右说之降,劝谕百端,式耜但大哭,敞则毒骂。

暇则两人赋诗自矢..,并刺敌人。

有德愤甚,命折敞右臂,仍谈笑赋诗不绝。

两人幽囚唱和者四十余日,诗各数十章。

敌见两人困愈久、苦愈甚,而志愈坚、气愈烈,知终不可辱。

至闰十一月十八日,乃杀之。

金堡时为僧,致书于孔有德,乃殓瞿、张两公尸,葬于白鹤山下。

上闻敞死痛悼,累日不食,望而祭之,赠陵江伯。

(选自《明季南略》有删改)1.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是()A.十一月初五日/敌兵大至两营/战败/敞率数骑入桂林城/时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/B.十一月初五日/敌兵大至两营/战败/敞率数骑/入桂林城时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/C.十一月初五日/敌兵大至/两营战败/敞率数骑入桂林城/时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/D.十一月初五日/敌兵大至/两营战败/敞率数骑/入桂林城时军民俱散/留守大学士朝服坐堂上/誓与城亡/2.下列对文中加点的词语及相关内容的解说,不正确的一项是()A.荫补,指因祖先功勋而补官,荫补官员与其它途径出身的官员共同构成封建官僚队伍。

人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义

人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义

人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义天马飞鱼人物传记阅读训练(三):理解分析句子含义五、阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

(25分)追随我心并不很久的以前,也就在1979年到1980年间,在哥伦比亚大学,两个政治科学系大一的新生,在课堂上总是没精打采。

其中一个是来自台湾的华裔,喜欢窝在教室左后方的一隅,听得无趣,索性呼呼大睡。

这个男孩叫李开复,此君并非厌学,而是对政治科学越来越不感兴趣。

蹉跎到大二下学期,他终于决定快刀斩乱麻——转系,改学自己感兴趣的计算机。

兴趣是什么?兴趣就意味着天赋。

李开复在计算机系如鱼得水,左右逢源,两年后毕业,成绩居全系之首。

这样的学生用不着按部就班。

在教授的推荐下,李开复进入在计算机领域独领风骚的卡内基梅隆大学,直接攻读博士。

计算机学院的院长找他谈话,劈头就问:“读博士的目的是什么?”李开复大声答:“我从大学带走的将是一篇改变世界的、顶尖的博士论文。

”院长予以纠正,说:“你从这儿带走的最有价值的东西,不是一篇论文,而是你分析、思考的能力,研究、发现真理的经验,以及科学家的胸怀。

这样,当你有一天改变研究方向,依然可以在任何一个新的领域出类拔萃。

”李开复选定语音识别为攻读方向,经过一年“热恋”,他发现专家系统其冷如冰,远不如统计学有情有义。

李开复决心“移情别恋”。

他担心导师发怒,谁知得到的回答竟是:“开复,你对专家系统和统计的观点,我是不赞同的,但我可以支持你用统计的方法去做,因为我相信科学没有绝对的对错,我们都是平等的。

而且,我更相信一个富有激情的人可以找到更好的解决方案。

”李开复从导师的大度悟到科学的真谛,他全力以赴,放手一搏。

3年过去了,李开复的研究成果及博士论文,引发了那年语音世界最大的冲击波。

26岁的李开复功成名就,成为卡内基梅隆大学最年轻的副教授。

天之骄子,有尊严,有地位,有课题,有经费,出任大公司顾问,飞赴各地讲学,包括去他的祖籍之邦、魂之所系的祖国大陆。

22 阅读理解(人物传记类)(压轴题)(含解析)

22 阅读理解(人物传记类)(压轴题)(含解析)

本资源的初衷,是希望通过网络分享,能够为广阔读者提供更好的效劳,为您水平的提高提供坚强的动力和保证 .内容由一线名师原创,立意新,图片精,是非常强的一手资料 .1.【2021年湖南省长沙市(中|考)】阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中,选出最|正确选项答复以下问题或完成句子.(共5 小题,计10 分)When Jason ,s parents saw him for the first time, they were shocked (震惊).This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled (残疾的). But soon the young couple accepted this fact. Jason ,s arms are just half without hands and his legs aren ,t fully grown either. They even forgot to think of him as disabled.At the age of six, he told his mother he wanted to get down from the prosthetics (假肢)and play with other kids. This was the last time Jason had worn them. He now has an electric wheelchair (轮椅), but he never uses it at home or when it is easy for him to move using only his body.Jason learned handwriting and coloring at school, holding the pen between the ends of his arms. He also learned to eat with forks at home. When he was ten, he fell in love with football. He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up. His strong arms and body, as well as some fantastic ways made him a respected (受尊重的) player on the school team. He went to a famous university after high school.Now Jas on still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done. "Never be afraid of any difficulty〞, Jason often encourages others in his speeches.【小题1】Why were Jason ,s parents shocked when they saw him for the first time ?A. Because he was born disabled.B. Because he had big hands.C. Because his hair was cu rely【小题2】Jason learned to write and color by holding the pen ______ .A. between his legsB. between his armsC. between his teeth【小题3】What does the underlined word "hardships〞mean in this passage?A. 成就B. 贫穷C. 困难【小题4】From the passage, we learn the following about Jason EXPECT ______ .A. he only uses his electric wheelchair at homeB. he only wore socks while playing footballC. he is never afraid of any difficulty in life【小题5】What is the best title (标题)of this passage?A. Disabled but still ableB. Playing football brings good luckC. Never wear prosthetics even disabled【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】A【小题5】A【解析】试题分析:短文大意:这篇短文主要讲述了詹森生来参加,但是他勇敢的面对生活,战胜了一个有一个的困难.【小题1】细节理解题.根据This lovely little baby with shining blue eyes and curly hair was born disabled (残疾的).描述,可知是因为这个小男孩生来残疾.应选A .【小题4】细节理解题.根据短文第|一段He now has an electric wheelchair (轮椅), but he never uses it at home 描述,可知詹森在家从来不用轮椅.应选项A与本文不符.【小题5】标题归纳.阅读短文可知,这篇短文主要讲述了残疾人詹森勇敢面对生活的故事,应选A ,虽然残疾单数仍旧有能力.考点:考查人物传记类阅读2.【2021年四川省内江市(中|考)】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 .By the time Rihanna was seventeen ,she had released (发行) her first album and had an international hit with her first single (单曲) Pon de Replay.Rihanna was born in Saint Michael , Barbados in 1988 . She grew up there with her two younger brothers . As a child , she loved singing . She formed her first group with frie nds from secondary school when she was just fifteen . In 2004 friends introduced the group to American record producer Evan Rogers ,who was on holiday in Barbados . Rogers thought Rihanna could be a star in America,so she moved there aged sixteen to take up music after she finished school. Rihhanna lived with Rogers and his wife . Then she worked for Def Jam Recordings and started working on her first album , Music of the Sun .It came out at in 2005 and got into the top ten . Over 69,000 copies of the album were sold in the first week alone . It went on to sell over two million copies worldwide and Rihanna quickly became a big star . Her second album , A Girl Like Me ,came out a year later and included the song SOS , which was her first number one hit in America. In 2007 Rihanna brought out her third album , Good Girl Gone Bad ,which had more dance music than the first two albums.Rihanna sold more than fifteen million album and forty - five million singles worldwide between 2005 and 2021 ,the most of any artist at the same time . However ,she manages to find time for her charity work ,too . She has performed in several concerts to raise money for charity and in 2006 she created her Believe Foundation to help sick children . She also took part in Gucci ,s activities to raise money for children in Africa.【小题1】What had Rihanna released before she was seventeen ?A. An al bum but no singles.B. A single but not an album.C. An album and at least one single.D. Two album and a single Pon de Replay.【小题2】Why did Rihanna move to America ?A. To try to become a famous singer.B. To form her first music group.C. To meet the record producer Evan Rogers.D. To record her album ,A Girl Like Me ,with the help of Rogers.【小题3】Which is true about Rihanna ,s first album ?A. It included her first number one hit in the US.B. It sold69,000 copies in total.C. It made Rihanna a star.D.It came out before she finished school.【小题4】It can be learnt from the text that Rihanna ______.A. Wants to start a charity to help sick childrenB. Has helped to raise money for African childrenC. Has organized some concerts to raise money for charityD. Is producing another album for her Believe Foundation【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】B【解析】试题分析:短文大意:这篇短文主要讲述了美国著名歌手蕾哈娜的成功历史,她在17岁时就发布了自己的第|一章专辑和一首|单曲.在事业成功的同时,她还积极参与慈善活动.举行过屡次为慈善组织筹款的音乐会.【小题1】细节理解题.根据短文第|一段描述,可知当她十七岁时,蕾哈娜发布了一张专辑和一首|单曲.应选C .【小题2】细节理解题.根据Rogers thought Rihanna could be a star in America,so she moved there aged sixteen to take up music after she finished school.描述,可知她是为了成为一个著名的歌手.应选A .考点:考查人物传记类阅读3.【2021年福建省莆田市(中|考)】Dr. Wade is my hero. He saved my life when I could have died. He saved lots of children , s lives. He worked hard and studied a lot to get the job he has got now. He has done very difficult operations. He has to work almost every day at the hospital. He has studied the heart and got his MD(医学博士)at Queens University. He is a great doctor and he is easy to talk to.He is willing to take a risk to save someone ,s life. He saved my life from a heart attack when I was in hospital. He worked very hard to find out what exactly was wrong with my heart and why it wasn ,t working properly.He went out of his way for someone like me and my parents, because he had to explain to them what was wrong with me and did lots of different tests to find the medicine to cure me. His life has made a difference in the lives of others. I saw him look after many other children in hospital and help them get well. Also, he is always there helping by teaching other doctors about being heart specialists(专家). He works very hard to keep others alive. You can phone him anytime and he will phone you back as soon as possible to see how he can help you. He has a group of medical workers who make his appointments(预约) and make sure you get the medicine that Dr.Wade tells them to give you.根据短文内容,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最|正确答案. (10分)【小题1】From the passage, we know that the writer once got a(n) _______.A. lungB. heartC. eyeD. stomach【小题2】The doctor got his MD at_______.A. Tsinghua UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Queens UniversityD. Beijing University【小题3】The underlined phrase "went out of his way" probably means_______.【小题4】We can learn from the passage that the doctor_______.A. was difficult to talk withB. saved the writer ,s life easilyC. helped several doctors become heart specialistsD. wasn , t willing to save some serious patients【小题5】Which one of the following sentences is WRONG?A. Dr. Wade is the writer ,s hero.B. The doctor saved the writer ,s life.C. The doctor saved many children ,s lives.D. The doctor saved the lives of the writer ,s parents.【答案】【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】C【小题5】D【解析】试题分析:本文表达了Wade 博士挽救了作者的生命,他经常帮助其他的医生,并让他们成为医学专家,他努力挽救其他人的生命.【小题1】细节理解题.根据He saved my life from a heart attack when I was in hospital.可知作者得了心脏病,应选B .【小题3】词义猜想题.根据for someone like me and my parents, because he had to explain to them what was wrong with me and did lots of different tests to find the medicine to cure me.可知他要竭尽所能,应选B .【小题4】细节理解题.根据he is always there helping by teaching other doctors about being heart specialists(专家).他帮助其他的医生成为一个医学专家,应选C .【小题5】细节理解题.根据He saved my life when I could have died.可知Wade 博士挽救了作者的生命,应选D .考点:考查人物类短文阅读.4.【2021年江苏省盐城市(中|考)】阅读以下内容,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最|正确答案.Tomorrow is Garfield ,s birthday. He first appea red in a comic strip on June 19, 1978. Garfield is well known all over the world. Lots of Garfield books have been turned into 26 languages. Garfield products are sold in 69 countries.Jim Davis is Garfield ,s creator. Jim was born on July 28, 1945 in Indiana. He grew up on a farm where his dad raised cows. Jim and his brother Dave helped with the farm work. They had 25 cats. Their room always made surethere was plenty of food for the cats.As a boy, Jim was in poor health. When he had to spend time resting, he drew pictures. He added words to his pictures to make them funny.After college Jim worked a few years at an advertising company. In 1969, he got a job to help a cartoonist. Jim noticed that there were many comic strips about dogs but few about cats. He thought that was strange since the world is full of cat lovers.He remembered the 25 farm cats he grew up with. They gave him ideas for a cat comic strip. In the comic strip. Garfield became the central character in daily difficult experiences with Jon, his owner, a nd other characters. He is lazy, funny and hungry.Jim Davis has received many awards for his work. Twice he was given the Best Humor Strip Cartoonist of the Year Award. He has won four Emmys(艾美奖)and other honors.【小题1】How old was Jim when Garfield first appeared in a comic strip?A. 33.B. 26.C. 25.D. 24.【小题2】Who does the underlined word "He〞refer to in the fifth paragraph?A. Jim.B. Jon.C. Dave.D. Garfield.【小题3】According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Jim Davis created Garfield with the help of his brother.B. Garfield products are available in all countries of the world.C. The cats his family raised made no contributions to his creation.【小题4】The writer ,s main purpose of writing the passage is _________.A. to tell us to watch more comic stripsB. to show us how to become a cartoonistC. to introduce some information about Jim DavisD. to prove Garfield the most popular cartoon character【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】D【小题4】C【小题1】计算题.根据Jim was born on July 28, 1945 in Indiana. He first appea red in a comic strip on June 19, 1978可知他33岁的时候,应选A .【小题2】细节理解题.根据Garfield became the central character in daily difficult experiences with Jon, his owner, a nd other characters 可知这里表达的是Garfield的情况,所以下文的it指的是它,应选D .【小题4】细节理解题.根据这篇短文主要表达了Jim Davis 的生平事迹,应选C .考点:人物类短文阅读.5【2021年陕西】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Shirley Temple, the once -famous child movie star, died at the age of 85 on February 10, 2021. She was born on April 23, 1928. She was good at acting and dancing. In 1934, she starred(主演) in the movie Bright Eyes. From then on she became famous around the ter she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.For many Americans born in the 1930s and 1940s, Temple was not just an on -screen star but also a close friend in their childhood. She was remembered by the world as the forever "little angle〞. An American movie star said, "Little Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression(大萧条).〞(2)Shi Li and Cui Jiping are husband and wife. They are disabled. They complete the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的)dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.The dictionary includes words on medicine, education, psychology, law, history and culture about deaf people ,s life. This book provides a learning tool for this special group of people and it helps them know about the world more easily.They spent six years and over 1,000,000 yuan on the book. They first collected mater ial for the book by themselves, then they invited a lot of experts(专家) across the country to write.The book is warmly welcomed by the deaf. One of the readers said, "The book shows that we ,re not alone. We can have our own way to communicate with the world. 〞【小题1】Temple won the first Juvenile Oscar in .A.1928 B.1934 C.1935 D.1948.【小题2】From the passage we know that Temple .A.was not good at dancingB.began to star in her first movie when she was ten years old.C.was unfriendly to her fanD.encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression【小题3】According to the passage, Shi Li and Cui Jiping .A.are disabled people full of loveB.wrote many famous books.C.finished the book by themselvesD.live a very poor life【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE about the book?A.It is the first world encyclopedic dictionary.B.It can help deaf people know about the world more easily.C.It took them sixteen years to finish the book.D.It includes medicine and art about the life of deaf people.【答案】【小题1】C【小题2】【小题3】A【小题4】B【解析】试题分析:这篇短文介绍了两个方面的事情.一是著名童星秀兰邓波在今年2月10日去世.第二个是石力和崔继平夫妇二人编写了一部专门为聋人或有听力障碍的人看的百科知识字典.【小题1】细节理解题.根据短文第|一段中Later she starred in other movies and won a Juvenile Oscar in February, 1935.可知,秀兰邓波是在1935年获得了一个奥斯卡奖.应选C .【小题2】推理判断题.根据短文中She was good at acting and dancing 可知A不符合文意;根据第|一段的内容可知,秀兰邓波在6岁的时候就开始演电影了,故B不对;根据短文第二段中Temple was not just an on-scr een star but also a close friend 可知C不对;根据短文第二段中Shirley Temple encouraged the whole country during the Great Depression可知D是正确的.应选D .【小题4】推理判断题.根据the first Chinese encyclopedic(百科知识的)dictionary for deaf people and people with hearing problems.可知A不对;根据They spent six years and over 1,000,000 yuan on the book可知C不对;根据The dictionary includes words on medicine, education, psychology, law, history and culture about deaf people ,s life.可知,这本书中没有关于艺术的内容,故D不对;根据it helps them know about the world more easily.可知B是正确的.应选B .考点:人物传记类短文阅读.6.【2021年广东深圳】The Queen Elizabeth and her sister Margaret had very different characters (性格) : Elizabeth was very serious and tidy; Margaret was outgoing and headstrong. But they kept close as sister. When had lessons at home with their governess Marion Crawford. Margaret was often naughty. Elizabethalways protected her every time when she broke rules. When they grew up. Magaret has sad love stories and unhappy marriage. The Queen gave her a lot of help.Margaret was one of the few people who could lose their temper with the Queen. Even as an adult, she would sometimes shout at her. Once she threw a dishcloth at Elizabeth's face when they had a picnic. But they never quarreled for long. To Queen Elizabeth, it was a sadness that her sister never found lasting (持久的) personal happiness.【小题1】What kind of person was Elizabeth like? She was ________.A. serious and tidyB. outgoing and tidyC. easygoing aand headstrongD. serious and headstrong【小题2】The word "governess" means ________.【小题3】Who had an unhappy family life according to the story?A. Elizabeth.B. Margaret.C. Marion Crawford.D. Both Elizabeth and Margaret.【小题4】According to the story, which of the following is not true?A. The queen and her sister had quite differentB. Elizabeth always protected her sisterC. The sisters often fought each other【小题5】What is the main idea of the story?A. Elizabeth was a kind personB. The two sisters lived happilyC. Margaret had sad love storiesD. The two sisters had a very good relationship【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】B【小题4】C【小题5】A【解析】短文属于记叙文 .通过描述Elizabeth与妹妹相处的几件事,表现了她对妹妹的慈祥.【小题1】细节理解题.从短文第|一句"Elizabeth was very serious and tidy〞可得知.【小题2】词义猜想题.根据上下文可知,这是姐妹俩小时候的事情,又因为"had lessons at home with…〞可知,只有B项最|合语境 .考点:人物传记类短文.7.【2021年江西南昌】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Nathan Sawaya's childhood was a lot of fun. He drew cartoons, wrote stories, and played with plastic toy bricks (积木). His grandparents bought his first set of toy bricks when he was five years old and he's been building with toy bricks ever since. He even took his building bricks to college with him! Instead of books and a computer, he had a model of Greenwich Village made of bricks on his desk.Nathan started as a lawyer but gave up His highly -paid (高薪的) job to become an artist that uses toys in his art. He uses toy bricks to build everything from the Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) to Superman! He has more than 1.5 million c olored bricks in his working room in New York which he uses to make pieces of art. He started by building small models but then decided to do something big and created a self -portrait (自画像). It took him two days just to build the eyes.Nathan's work has appeared in museums around the world. Children love his art because it is made out of the same toys that they play with at home and adults love his work because it is fascinating. Since it began in2007, Nathan's exhibition "The Art of the Brick" has been very popular with museum visitors everywhere."I'm proud that I took a dream I had as a child, to become an artist, and I have actually made a job out of it," says Nathan. "To do what you love in life is the most important thing."【小题1】What did Nathan put on his desk at college?A. The Statue of Liberty.B. Superman.C. His serf -portrait.D. A Greenwich Village modal.【小题2】A Greenwich Village modal.2.Why did Nathan give up his job as a lawyer?A. Because he made little money out of a lawyer.B. Because he wanted to make toys for the children.C. Because he decided to become an artist of toy bricks.D. Because he was going to work in the museum instead.【小题3】What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Nathan's work.B. Nathan's exhibition.C. Nathan's art.D. Nathan's self -portrait【小题4】What would be the best title for the passage?A. The Brick ArtistB. The Brick ExhibitionC. Toy Bricks for AdultsD. The Artist's Childhood【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】A【解析】试题分析:本文主人公自从五岁时就对积木有很大兴趣,在大学毕业后放弃了做律师的高薪职位,投身于积木艺术创作,并取得了巨大的成功.【小题1】根据第|一段Instead of books and a computer, he had a model of Greenwich Village made of bricks on his desk.描述,可知选D .【小题2】根据第二段Nathan started as a lawyer but gave up His highly -paid (高薪的) job to become an artist that uses toys in his art.描述,可知选C .【小题3】联系下文Nathan's exhibition "The Art of the Brick" has been very popular with museum visitors everywhere.描述,可知这个人称代词指代的是南森的展览.应选B .【小题4】这篇短文中的主人公南森利用积木创作出了独特的属于孩子们的艺术,收到了人们的欢送.应选A ,积木艺术家.考点:人物介绍类短文.8.【2021年广东】阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最|正确答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Fifty -three years ago Barbie Millicent Roberts first appeared in the world of toys.Since then, Barbie doll, as everyone called her,has become the most successful toy doll in history. Her p arent,the Mattel Company,said that 90% of all Ame〞rican girls between 3 and 10 have at least one Barbie at home.However, Barbie is facing some trouble at present (现在). There are many similar dolls on the market in competiotion with her. Another doll named Bratz, for example, come to life thirteen years ago. She looked more like today ,s pop stars with heavy makeup(浓妆) and miniskirts. And her company offers more kind of clothes too.It seems that Barbie has lost her magic among older girls. " For younger girls, playing with a Barbie is much fun. But when you get older, you want something smarter and more modern,〞says Vera Shepherd, a shop assitant in a New York toy store.It is good news that on the international market. Barbie is still No. 1. although Mttel is selling ferwer Barbies int the United States three years, sales in other countries are still going up.in January 2021, Mattel openee its first Barbie store in Shanghai, where girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designersfor their own Barbies.Mattel is planning big celebration for Barbie ,s 53rd birthday. Fashion designers from all over the world have been called to make new dresses for Barbie. How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls? It is hard to say, but 1.is surely not the age to retire(退休) .【小题1】Barbie ,s family name is______.【小题2】Barbie ,s trouble is that__________.A.it wears heavy makeup and miniskirts.B.other dolls are more popular with little girls.C.other dolls are trying to beat her in the market.D.it has become less popular in the international market.【小题3】Girls can do the following in the first Barbie shop in Shanghai except_______.A.going shoppingB.having foodC.drinking juiceD.taking photos【小题4】What ,s the meaning of the underline words "fashion designers〞in the passage?【小题5】What is the best title of the passage?A.First Barbie Shop in ShanghaiB.Barbie ,s Past and presentC.Barbie ,s 53rd Birthday PartyD.Barbie Lost Her Magic【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】D【小题4】D【小题1】细节理解题,由第|一段第|一句话可以得出答案选A .【小题2】细节理解题,由文章第二段可知答案选C .【小题3】于细节理解题,由文章倒数第二段最|后一句可以知道,girls can shop, eat, drink or even become fashion designers for their own Barbies 就是没有take photos ,答案选D .【小题4】词义猜想题,要从上下文寻找答案,从最|后一段第二句话make new dresses for Barbie. ,dresses一词可知是服装设计师,答案选D .【小题5】文章大意题,为文章选择题目,要全面反映文章中|心内容的题目,此题学生容易错选C答案,C 答案是片面的,应该选B ,讲到.Barbie ,s的过去与将来,看到最|后一段How long will Barbie stay popuplar in the world of toy dolls ,答案选B比拟合理 .考点:人物传记类短文.9.【2021年广东广州】阅读以下短文 ,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中 ,选出最|正确答案 ,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 .Although he died almost 40 years ago ,Bruce Lee is still considered the greatest and most influential kung fu performer of the 20th century.His films brought traditional Hong Kong kung fu movies to a new level of popularity ,and introduced kung fu to millions of people in the West .Bona in the USA in 1940 ,Lee returned to his native Hong Kong before his birthday.As a teenager ,the highly intelligent boy was accepted into one of Hong Kong ,s most famous middle schools but he paid little attention to his studies. He was more interested in sport ,especially kung fu ,and hanging out with his street -gang friends. In 1959 ,Lee got into trouble with the police for fighting.His mother ,fearing he would end up in prison ,sent him to the USA .Two years later ,he began studying at university there.While still a student ,Lee opened his own kung fu school ,teaching a new fighting style he had developed.What made Lee ,s style different was that it used power ,strength and ,quick -action attacks.It also combined(融合)Japanese ,Korean and South American fighting styles with traditional stow -moving Chinese kung fu.Among Lee ,s students were several famous actors who ,impressed by his good -looks and fightingskill ,encouraged him to start acting.Over the next fire years Lee achieved some Success in America.But his dream of introducing his fighting style into American movies was not accepted by local film makers who thought western audiences were not interested in kung fu.Determined to prove them wrong ,Lee returned to Hong Kong in 1970.There he made two films Fists ofFury (1971)and Way of the Dragon(1972) ,using his kung fu ideas and techniques.The movies were huge hits world -wide ,making Lee an international star and symbol of kung fu.These were followed by what is widely consideredthe greatest kung fu movie of all time ,Enter the Dragon(1973).Tragically however ,Lee suddenly and mysteriously died while making his next movie Game of Death .He was only 33 years old.【小题1】AS a teenager,Lee was very .【小题2】Why was Lee sent to America?A.His parents wanted him to study at university there.B.He wanted to develop a new American fighting style.C.His family:feared he was getting into too much trouble in Hong Kong.D.He was determined to become a successful and popstar actor there .【小题3】How was Lee ,s style of kung fu differe nt from the traditional Chinese style?A. It was much faster.B. It was easier to Iearn .C.It made people more powerful.D.It was much more dangerous ,【小题4】What was Lee ,s dream according to the passage?A. To develop a new style of kung fu .B.To become a famous movie star.C. To make movies using his fighting style.D.To teach Americans kung fu.【小题5】According to the passage.how many kung fu movies did Lee complete in his lifetime? A.Two. B .Three. C.Four.D.Five.【答案】【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】B【解析】短文属于记叙文,记叙了武术影星李小龙的生平.【小题1】细节理解题.从第二段第二句"As a teenager ,the highly intelligent boy…〞可知,他很聪明.【小题2】细节理解题.从第二段"…fearing he would end up in prison ,sent him to the USA .〞可知,他曾因打架惹麻烦,家里人害怕他再招惹警察的麻烦.【小题5】综合理解题.短文提到四个片子,其中Game of Death他未完成.考点:人物传记类短文.。

高考语文文言文阅读分类训练:人物传记类

高考语文文言文阅读分类训练:人物传记类

文言文阅读:人物传记类一、阅读下面文言文,完成下面小题。

庆历二年,御试进士,时晏元献①为枢密使。

杨察,晏婿也,时知.制诰,避亲,勾当②于.三班院。

察之弟置时就试毕,负魁天下望。

未放榜间,将先宣示两府,上十人卷子。

置因以赋求察问晏公己之高下。

晏公明日入对,见置之赋既.考定第四人,出以语察。

察密以报置。

而置试罢与酒徒饮酒肆,闻之,以手击案叹曰:“不知那个卫子③夺吾状元矣!“既而唱名④,再三考定第一人卷子进御,赋中有“孺子其朋”之言,上不怿.曰:“此语忌,不可魁天下。

”即王荆公卷子。

第二人卷子即王珪,以故事,有官人不为状元;令取第三人,即殿中丞韩绛;遂取第四人卷子进呈,上欣然曰:“若杨置可矣。

”复以.第一人为第四人。

置方以鄙语骂时,不知自为第一人也。

荆公遂于杨置榜下第四人及第。

是时,上令十人往谢枢密使。

晏公俟众人退,独留荆公,再三谓曰:“延评乃殊乡里,久闻德行乡评之美。

况殊备位执政,而乡人之贤者取高科,实预荣焉。

”又曰:“休沐日⑥相邀一饭。

”荆公唯唯。

既出,又使直省官相约饭会,甚殷勤也。

比往时,待遇极至。

饭罢,又延.坐,谓荆公曰:“乡人他日名位,如殊坐处,为之有矣。

”且叹慕之,又数十百言,最后曰:“然有二语欲奉闻,不知敢言否?”晏公言至此,语欲出而拟议久之,乃泛谓荆公曰:“能容于物,物亦容矣。

” 荆公但微应之,遂散。

公归至旅舍,叹曰:“晏公为大臣,而教人者以此,何其卑.也!”心颇不平。

荆公后罢相,其弟和甫知金陵,时说此事,且曰:“当时我大不以为然。

我在政府,执意革新,人人与之.为敌,不能保其终。

今日思之,不知晏公何以知之;复不知能容于物,物亦容焉二句,有出处,或公自为之言也。

”(取材于宋代王铚《默记》)注:①晏元献:晏殊,谥元献。

①勾当:做事情。

①卫子:驴的别称。

①唱名:科举时代殿试后,皇帝呼名召见登第进士,叫唱名。

①有官人不为状元:宋代在职官员可以参加科举,但不能录为状元。

①休沐日:休息日。

1.下列对句中加点词语的解释,不正确...的一项是()A.时知.制诰知:掌管B.上不怿.曰怿:高兴C.饭罢,又延.坐延:请D.何其卑.也卑:卑劣2.下列对句中加点字的解释,不正确的一项是()A.勾当于.三班院于:在B.见置.之赋既考定第四人既:已经C.复以.第一人为第四人以:把D.人人与之.为敌之:他3.下列对文中语句的理解,正确的一项是()A.负魁天下望辜负了天下人想让他考第一的期望B.察密以报置审察的人把秘密报告给杨置C.晏公俟众人退,独留荆公晏殊等大家走的时候,唯独留下王安石D.不知敢言否?不知你敢不敢说?4.根据文意,下列理解和推断,不正确...的一项是()A.庆历二年的殿试中,开始王安石的试卷获得第一名,因犯了皇帝的忌讳而被黜。

人物传记阅读分类专练及答案

人物传记阅读分类专练及答案

人物传记阅读分类专练与答案人物传记阅读训练(一):筛选整合信息要点一、阅读下面的文字,完成(1)~(4)题。

(25分)莫言自述1957年,我家来了个大学生邻居。

他讲,当时他在济南的时候,认识一个山东省比较“腐败”的作家。

这个作家究竟“腐败”到什么程度呢?一天三顿吃饺子。

我们当时一年也吃不上一次饺子。

我当时就问他:“叔叔,如果我将来能够写出一本小说来,我是不是能一天三顿吃饺子?”所以,我想我最初对文学对当作家的梦想,就是冲着一天三顿吃饺子开始了。

我后来把村里面的书借来看了以后,头脑当中才真正有关于文学的概念。

我的想象力还是不错的,为什么不错呢?因为我的想象力是饿出来的。

童年时赶上自然灾害,为了填肚子,野草、树皮,什么都吃,甚至连煤块都敢啃。

1961年春天,村里的小学拉来了一车亮晶晶的煤块,和小伙伴一拥而上,每人抢起一块煤,咯嘣咯嘣啃起来,觉得那煤块越嚼越香,还说着“味道好极了”。

我小学五年级就被学校赶出来了,就一个人牵着两头牛放牧。

那时候我就能从牛的眼睛里边看到自己的倒影。

有时候躺在草地上,看到天上的白云,听到鸟叫,听到周围青草生长的声音,呼吸大地发出的气味。

这种跟大地接触的机会,这种很长时间孤独地跟动物在一起的状态,都让我想入非非。

直到现在,我依然动用的还是我二十岁以前积累的生活资源。

我二十岁以后的东西,基本上还没有正儿八经地去写。

想象力,也有外来接受的地方。

我们山东高密这个地方,离写出《聊斋志异》的蒲松龄的故乡也不远,隔了三百多里路。

我听老人讲了很多很多关于鬼神的故事。

上世纪六十年代,死人非常多。

我们村子里最高纪录是一天死了18个人。

一出门就看到原野里有鬼火在闪烁,而且经常有各种各样火一样的球在天空中飘来飘去。

我当医生的姑姑就告诉我,这是狐狸在恋爱。

人一旦进入这种环境,就会有一种恐惧,你就觉得你周围充满了一些神秘的生物,你在走路的时候经常听到脚后面有一个声音在跟随着你。

我的小说语言也是比较庞杂的,这里面既有古典的书面型的语言,也有一些读西方翻译过来的小说这样的语言,更多的还是来自乡土。

七下易考课外阅读理解人物传记

七下易考课外阅读理解人物传记

七下易考课外阅读理解人物传记一、钱伟长:矮个子的“科学巨人”钱伟长,中国近代力学奠基人,著名力学家、应用数学家、教育家,2010年7月30日辞世,享年98岁。

“活到老,学到老,做到老”是钱伟长的口头禅。

他幼时家境清寒,身体很瘦弱。

18岁那年考入清华大学时,身高只有1.49米。

然而,就是这样一个“清华历史上首位身高不达标的学生”,在就读的第二学年,竟一鸣惊人地入选清华越野代表队,两年后更以13秒4的成绩夺得全国大学生对抗赛跨栏季军。

曾代表国家队参加远东运动会,跨栏、越野跑样样拿手,还是清华足球队的球星呢。

历史考满分却要学物理钱伟长1912年出生在江苏无锡县一个名叫七房桥的小村庄。

祖父和父叔辈都是乡村教师。

父亲英年早逝,钱伟长受四叔钱穆的影响最大,钱穆仅上过中等师范学校,靠艰苦奋斗自学成才,毕生著述甚丰。

四叔不仅资助钱伟长完成中等教育,而且经常让其陪读,少年钱伟长跟着四叔博览群书,打下了深厚的国学根底。

1931年中学毕业后,钱伟长在一个月内,在上海连考了清华大学、交通大学、中央大学、武汉大学和浙江大学五个大学的考试。

此时,四叔已到北京大学任教。

他从北平来信,建议侄儿到清华读书。

清华大学根据他的考试成绩——历史与国文成绩最好、历史竟得满分,准备把他分到中文系或历史系去。

然而,当时中国正处于被列强欺辱的弱势,一股强大的力量推动着他走上弃文学理的道路,他决定读物理系。

由于钱伟长物理分数太低,物理系主任吴有训坚决不允。

而历史系主任陈寅恪又到处打听这位历史满分的学生为何不来报到。

陈寅恪处由钱穆去商量,吴有训处由顾颉刚出面通融。

吴有训教授被这个学生的诚挚热情打动了,他对钱伟长说:“那好吧,你先在物理系学习一年,如果到了期末考试,你的物理和高等数学的成绩达不到70分的话,再改学文史不晚。

”钱伟长欣然接受了这个条件。

他凭着刻苦精神,攻克了学习上的一道道难关。

一个学年下来,他各门功课的成绩均在70以上。

等到他从清华毕业时,吴有训教授已经非常器重这个有志气的青年人了,把他收为自己的研究生。

人物传记阅读训练liuyong

人物传记阅读训练liuyong

1、联系全文内容,简要概括评介罗曼·罗兰(从精神和作品两方面入手)。

【参考答案】①罗曼·罗兰是法国的文学大师,是一个性格复杂、精神充满矛盾的作家,有崇高的文坛地位,获得了1915年诺贝尔文学奖。

但是也颇受非议和指责。

②作品形式多样,但以传记和传记小说最为突出,著有长篇小说《约翰·克里斯朵夫》等作品。

(意思正确即可)2、依据选文④-⑤两段的介绍,对罗曼·罗兰的长篇小说《约翰·克里斯朵夫》做出评价。

【参考答案】①这部作品为20世纪伟大传记小说开辟了道路,也牢固奠定了作者在20世纪文坛的声望。

②它被称为20世纪最高贵的小说作品,但作者否认它是小说。

③一些评论家也批评它的结构和语言形式。

(意思正确即可)3、结合文中划线的句子,谈谈你对阅读意义的理解。

【参考答案】阅读的意义,在于读者与作品之间的心灵交流和碰撞,进而使作品的生命在读者心中得以延续。

(意思正确即可)(五)评价文本产生的社会价值和影响阅读传记,要理解作者塑造传主的意图,这是评价文本社会价值和影响的一个入口。

传主一般是对国家或人类作出重大贡献或有重大影响的人,阅读时,应结合传主生活的时代背景和社会环境,把握作品所述的传主个人事业及心路历程的重要事实,抓住具有典型意义的事件和细节,对影响传主成长的各种因素做出符合实际的分析和客观的评价,从而揭示出传主的典型社会意义和影响。

例如:(2008年高考山东卷第22题)作为一篇评传性文章,作者是从哪几个方面“认识”梁漱溟的?这样写对你的写作有何启示?(《我所认识的梁漱溟》)(6分)【参考答案】这道题要求学生从作者的角度来看作者对传主的评价的角度,从写作的角度阐释自己的阅读启示,这是对传记文本的价值、影响的考查。

参考答案:作者主要是从学问和人格两个方面去认识梁漱冥的。

它对我们的写作启示主要有以下点:(1)从文体来说,要评传结合。

(2)选取自己熟悉的材料。

(3)中心内容要体现人物的身份特征(4)通过细节表现人物。

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人物传记专题阅读(一)黄遵宪的外交活动(2010辽宁卷)作为清朝第一任驻日使馆参赞,黄遵宪表现出很强的历史责任感。

除协助公使处理外交事务外,他“既居东二年,稍稍习其文,读其书,与其士大夫交游”。

黄遵宪不愿埋首经籍,主张“识时贵知今,通情贵阅世”,走经世致用之路。

为了澄清过去封建士大夫对日本的糊涂概念,“遂发凡起例,创为《日本国志》一书”。

该书以“史家纪述,务从实录”为主导思想,力求客观地向中国人民全面、准确地介绍日本的历史及现状,“详今略古,详近略远,凡牵涉西法,尤加详备,期适用也”。

显然,黄遵宪想要通过叙述日本明治维新的改革历史,为中国的改革提供借鉴。

书中以叙述日本历史为经,以评论古今得失为纬。

用“外史氏曰”的形式,阐发他的见解,从而把自己的改革思想糅合进日本史的叙述之中。

1891年11月1日,黄遵宪被任命为清政府驻新加坡总领事。

到任后,他详察南洋各岛情形,体察侨民疾苦,并着手改善侨胞待遇。

事事与华人为难”,甚至敲诈勒索。

黄遵宪一面与英国殖民主义者斗争,一面将《大清律例》中有关财产各条抄出,并译成英文,要求总督交给华侨聚居地承审官“一体遵办”,以保护华侨的财产。

同时,黄遵宪还提倡发展华文教育,改会贤社为图南社。

他亲任社长,拟定学规。

每月设定课题,鼓励南洋诸生学习中国文化,研究地方礼俗,关心民事民疾。

当他卸任归国时,门生潘百禄在《送黄观察公度夫子返国》一诗中,用“遂令蛮貊文明开”、“无异岭表韩公来”表达对老师的赞誉之情。

(侧面描写)《马关条约》签订后,准开沙市、重庆、苏州、杭州为通商口岸。

中日双方进行具体交涉时,黄遵宪受委派主持苏、杭两地谈判事宜。

他谈判的对手是日本著名外交家珍田舍己。

当时,珍田摆出一副盛气凌人的架势,要求在苏、杭开埠,专界专管,并且蛮横地说:“奉本国政府接受专管租界之命,但求按约指地。

”黄遵宪毫不示弱,不为其气势所慑。

他援引《马关条约》条文,指出“新约所评,只许通商,遍查中文、日文、英文,并无许以苏州让给一地,听日本政府自行管理之语”,拒绝了珍田的无理要求,他又亲自草拟《商埠议案》,凡是《马关条约》文本语焉不详的地方,只要是有利于挽回中国自主权利的,“无孔不钻”,“无微不至”,从而有理有利有节地挫败了珍田的嚣张气焰,在国家民族危亡的情势下为中国争了口气。

黄遵宪在《上某星使论外交家尽职书》中,把他十几年间处理外交事务的经验总结为“挪展之法”、“渐展之法”和“抵制之法”,其中最重要的是“抵制之法”。

因为在他看来,当时清朝处于列强环视之下,帝国主义瓜分中国的不平等条约已祸害多年,在对外交涉中只图能多挽回些利权,以保国民生计。

又因为在弱肉强食的竞争原则下,弱国无外交,与帝国主义的斗争就不能不讲究策略。

他阐述说:“于固执己见,则诿以彼国未明我意;于争夺己权,则托于我国愿同协力;于要求己利,则谬谓两国均有利益。

不斥彼之说为无理,而指为难行;不以我之说为必行,而请其酌度。

”即在谈判中千万不能感情用事,把事情弄僵,贻误全局。

一定要掌握好谈判的分寸,应想方设法达到自己的目的,同时又不至于使对方下不了台,交不了差。

黄遵宪继续阐述说:“不以彼不悦不怿而阻而不行。

言语有时而互驳,而辞气终不愤激;辞色有时而受拒,而请谒终不惮烦;议论有时而改易,而主意终不游移。

将之以诚恳,济之以坚贞,守之以含忍。

”黄遵宪认为,凡此种种交涉手段和谈判策略,最终是要达到使“吾民受护商之益”,即保护并发展民族工商业的目的。

(1)黄遵宪所撰《日本国志》一书具有哪些特点?请简要概括。

(6分)(2)从文中看,作为清政府驻新加坡总领事,黄遵宪的主要功绩是什么?请简要论述。

(6分)(3)黄遵宪认为,在当时的形势下,外交谈判应该坚持“诚恳”“坚贞”“含忍”三项原则,请选择其中一项,并结合全文,谈谈你的看法。

(8分)1、黄遵宪所撰《日本国志》一书具有哪些特点?请简要概括。

(6分)答:①务从实录、全面客观准确的写作宗旨;②详今略古、详近略远的编写原则;③史论结合的编纂方法2、从文中看,作为清政府驻新加坡总领事,黄遵宪的主要功绩是什么?请简要论述。

(6分)答:①详察南洋各岛情形,查访侨民疾苦,改善侨胞待遇;②与当地英国华民政务司斗争,以《大清律例》保护华侨财产;③改会贤社为图南社,积极发展华文教育。

3、黄遵宪认为,在当时的形势下,外交谈判应该坚持“诚恳”、“坚贞”、“含忍”三项原则,请选择其中一项,并结合全文,谈谈你的看法。

(8分)答:观点一:谈判态度要诚恳。

① 不说对方所提的方案无理,只说难以实现;②不说自己所提的方案一定可行,只说请对方考虑;③不能感情用事,贻误全局。

观点二:要坚持自己的原则立场。

① 坚持自己的意见就说对方没有明白我方的意思,争取自己的权利就说愿与对方同心协力,要求自己的利益就说双方都有好处;②不因为对方不高兴就放弃自己的原则立场;③表述的方式可能有所不同,但坚持自己的观点却要毫不含糊。

观点三:要学会克制忍让。

①无论辩论如何激烈,都要做到始终不说过头话;②当对方拒绝我方的要求时,要始终请求谒告,不厌其烦;③掌握好谈判的分寸,不至于使对方交不了差。

我所认识的梁漱溟(2008·山东高考)我是在梁先生于重庆北培创办“勉仁学院”时(1948年)认识他的。

“勉仁”是梁先生的斋名,取儒家“勉于行仁”的意义;先前他也以“勉仁”办了一所中学。

我是在建校以后去的,在那里待了一年多,所以对梁先生的学问与人格也有一些了解。

他是个了不起人物,从性情、智慧、个人人格各方面来讲,在这种时代,要找这种人,已经不太容易了。

他的议论不管是对是错,都有真知灼见。

他和一般社会上的名人、名流不同,他对中国有极深的关怀,平生所志都在为中国未来的发展寻出一条恰当的途径,例如“乡村建设运动”,就是梁先生思想见之于行动的具体表现,不只是讲说学问而已。

“乡村建设”的实践,就他思想的渊源来看,可以《东西文化及其哲学》为代表。

这本书是梁先生应王鸿一之邀,在山东以“东西文化及其哲学”为题的演讲稿合辑而成的。

那时他还很年轻,不到30岁。

这是当时非常了不起的一本著作,思辨性非常强,自成一家之言,不是东拉西扯,左拼右凑出来的,而是一条主脉贯串而下,像螺丝钉钻缝入几的深造自得之作,可说是第一流的。

梁先生没出过洋,又不是什么翰林学士,但一样可以讲中西文化问题;黑格尔没到过中国,也不认识中国字,但到现在为止,讲中西文化问题的,没有一个超过黑格尔的,谁能够像黑格尔了解到那种程度的?这就是哲学家的本事了。

梁先生讲中西文化,完全出自于他对时代的体认及民族的情感,而这又是承续自他家庭中关心国事的传统。

梁先生的父亲梁济(字巨川),在民国七年时,为抗议象征着固有文化的清朝之灭亡,而自杀身亡。

这是一个时代的问题,也是梁先生格外关注的文化问题。

究竟,中国文化该何去何从?中国文化在满清统治了三百年之后,从辛亥革命到现在,一直难以步上正轨,而源始于十七、八、九世纪近代文明的西方文化,就摆在眼前,应该如何作个抉择?梁先生曾说过一句话:要读他的《中国文化要义》,保存中国传统。

保存文化是对的,那一个民族能否定自己的文化?但想了解中国文化并不容易,读《中国文化要义》恐怕不如读《东西文化其及哲学》。

《中国文化要义》是从他的《乡村建设理论》简约出来的,哲学味太重了,每一个项目都需要再加以申说,否则不易懂。

而《乡村建设理论》虽是他最用心的著作,企图自农村风俗习惯的横剖面深刻剖析中,归结出中国文化的特征,但是纵贯性不够,在方法论上“从果说因”,是有问题的。

这是梁先生一生吃亏的地方,也使他不可能真正了解到中国文化。

梁先生晚年观念已老,也有很多问题没有触及,尤其是文化上。

但是,在文革之时,他却表现了中国知识分子不屈不挠的风骨与气节,这是他最值得敬佩的地方。

他被批斗时,家具和所有的藏书也都被摧残烧燬,他并没有反抗,只极力要求破坏者让他保留一部字典,因为那部字典是向朋友借来的,烧掉了会对不起他的朋友。

虽然最后这部字典还是不能幸免,被烧掉了,但是从这件事上,也可以看到他那来自传统知识分子的忠厚的一面。

梁先生在近代中国是一个文化的复兴者,不但身体力行地宣掦了传统的儒家思想,更可以说是接续了清代断绝了300年的中国文化。

这是他的一生最有意义的地方,也正是梁漱溟先生象征“文化中国”的意义所在。

1.文章第二段说“他是个了不起的人物”,“他和社会上一般的名人、名流不同”。

这样评说梁漱溟的具体理由是什么?(4分)2.文章第四段写到了梁漱溟父亲自杀身亡,这段文字在文中有何作用?(4分)3.作者在评述《中国文化要义》等著作特点的同时,也指出了梁漱溟的不足。

他的不足之处具体表现在哪几个方面?(4分)4.作为一篇评传性文章,作者是从哪几个方面“认识”梁漱溟的?这样写对你的写作有何启示?,文章第二段说“他是个了不起的(6分)19人物”,“他和社会上一般的名人、名流不同”。

这样评说梁漱溟的具体理由是什么?(4分)「答案」有真知灼见:不只是讲说学问,还将思想付之于个体行动。

「解析与启示」本题主要考查“筛选并整合文中的信息”的能力,能力层级为C级。

理解时把题干返回到原文中,结合上下句进行分析,尽量化用原文词句整合、组织答案。

本题的答题区间很明显,由题干的提示,答案在第2段中就可以找到、找全。

20.文章第四段写到了梁漱溟父亲自杀身亡,这段文字在文中有何作用?(4分)「答案」表明梁漱溟关心国事是有家庭传统的:是梁漱溟格外关注文化问题的原因:使读者对人物有更全面的了他解。

「解析与启示」本题主要考查“分析文章结构,把握文章思路”的能力,能力层级为C级。

理解本题时,要跳出固有的思维框架:谈及“作用”,就要从内容和结构两个方面作答。

本题设题比较灵活。

实际上,在第4段中写的梁漱溟父亲自杀身亡,它是一个事例、一个论据,这样,本题就转化成了论据和论点的关系,论据是为了证明论点,所以在寻找答案时,就要抓住中心观点的句子。

据此,参考答案中的前两个要点就很容易落实到位。

至于第三个要点,则要考虑到文体特征。

作为一篇评传性文章,记叙事件就是为了使读者对人物了解的更全面、更直观,故要点三也就不难理解了。

21.作者在评述《中国文化要义》等著作特点的同时,也指出了梁漱溟的不足。

他的不足之处个体表现在哪几个方面?(4分)「答案」《中国文化要义》哲学味太浓;《乡村建设理论》在方法论上“从果说因”;晚年观念已老;在文化上有很多问题没有触及。

答“哲学味太浓、方法论上从果说因、观念陈旧、文化上有很多问题没有触及”也可。

「解析与启示」本题主要考查“筛选并整合文中的信息”的能力,能力层级为C级。

根据题干的提示,本题的答题区间很明显,在第7、8段。

关键是答题要点组织的要有条理性,如第8段中就涉及两个要点,特别要看清其中的“也”字。

22.作为一篇评传性文章,作者是从哪几个方面“认识”梁漱溟的?这样写对你的写作有何启示?(6分)「答案」主要是从学问和人格两个方面去认识梁漱溟的。

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