中英文双语PPT精品课件心血管系统Cardiovascular
合集下载
心脑血管疾病精品课件
〉
11、人总 是珍惜 为得到 。20.8. 1308:3 0:4208 :30Aug -2013- Aug-20
〉
12、人乱 于心， 不宽余 请。08: 30:420 8:30:4 208:30 Thursd ay, Au gust 1 3, 202 0
〉
13、生气 是拿别 人做错 的事来 惩罚自 己。20. 8.1320 .8.130 8:30:4 208:30 :42Aug ust 13 , 2020
〉
14、抱最 大的希 望，作 最大的 努力。2 020年8 月13日 星期四 上午8 时30分4 2秒08: 30:422 0.8.13
〉
15、一个 人炫耀 什么， 说明他 内心缺 少什么 。。202 0年8月 上午8 时30分2 0.8.13 08:30A ugust 13, 20 20
〉
16、业余 生活要 有意义 ，不要 越轨。2 020年8 月13日 星期四 8时30 分42秒0 8:30:4 213 Au gust 2 020
高血压
高脂饮食
LOREM
因素
饮酒
吸烟
运动较少
最新 PPT
3
心血管疾病
1 原发性高血压 2 动脉粥样硬化 3 冠心病 4 心瓣膜病
4
原发性高血压
病因
A 遗传因素 B 高钠、低钾膳食 C 超重和肥胖 D 饮酒
5
动脉粥样硬化
动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis，AS）是 冠心病、脑梗死、外周血管病的主要原因。 脂质代谢障碍为动脉粥样硬化的病变基础， 其特点是受累动脉病变从内膜开始，一般先 有脂质和复合糖类积聚、出血及血栓形成， 进而纤维组织增生及钙质沉着，并有动脉中 层的逐渐蜕变和钙化，导致动脉壁增厚变硬、 血管腔狭窄。病变常累及大中肌性动脉，一 旦发展到足以阻塞动脉腔，则该动脉所供应 的组织或器官将缺血或坏死。由于在动脉内 膜积聚的脂质外观呈黄色粥样，因此称为动
【医学课件】心血管系统中英文解剖学0课件
THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
B. Functions (功能)
1. To transport nutrients and O2 to tissue. (营养物质 + O2 → 组织) 2. To carry waste products and CO2 from tissue. (组织 → 代谢产物 + CO2) 3. To secrete some hormones. (分泌激素)
B. External Features
1. Cardiac apex (心尖): cardiac apical incisure
(心尖切迹)
2. Cardiac base (心底) 3. Margins (缘):
inferior (sharp), right & left (blunt).
Systematic Anatomy Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University 8
B. Divisions (分部) 1. Pulmonary (lesser) circuits (肺循环) from right ventricle to left auricle. 2. Systematic (greater) circuits (体循环) from left ventricle to right auricle.
nutrients & O2
blood vessels
waste products & CO2 blood vessels
tissues and cells
Hale Waihona Puke 4. To carry hormones produced in endocrine glands to their target tissues (携带激素到靶器官).
心血管生理学(英文版)课件
• Ca2+ influx , [Ca2+ ]i , contractility
Cardiac effect of parasympathetic stimulation
Interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Predominance of autonomic nerves
sympathetic constrictor nerve, vagus nerve • Effector: heart & blood vessels
Baroreceptor neurons function as sensors in the homeostatic maintenance of MAP by constantly monitoring pressure in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses.
Cardiovascular Center
A collection of functionally similar neurons that help to regulate HR, SV, and blood vessel tone
Vasomotor center
Located bilaterally mainly in the reticular substance of the medulla and of the lower third of the pons
180 mmHg ➢Receptors within the aortic arch are less
sensitive than the carotid sinus receptors
Cardiac effect of parasympathetic stimulation
Interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Predominance of autonomic nerves
sympathetic constrictor nerve, vagus nerve • Effector: heart & blood vessels
Baroreceptor neurons function as sensors in the homeostatic maintenance of MAP by constantly monitoring pressure in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses.
Cardiovascular Center
A collection of functionally similar neurons that help to regulate HR, SV, and blood vessel tone
Vasomotor center
Located bilaterally mainly in the reticular substance of the medulla and of the lower third of the pons
180 mmHg ➢Receptors within the aortic arch are less
sensitive than the carotid sinus receptors
药理双语-心血管系统药 ppt课件
or inhalation administration
produce cough(D)
Section 2 Drugs Used in Congestive Heart Failure
congestive heart failure
digoxin
gastrointestinal tract reaction:
nausea vomiting diarrhea
❖ cardiovascular[,kɑ:diəu’væskjulə] adj.心血管的 ❖ hypertensive [’ænti,hɑipə’tensiv] adj. 高血压的
❖ congestive [kən’dʒestiv]
adj.充血的
❖ anginal [æn’dʒainəl]
adj.心绞痛的
常
n.低钾血 n.水肿 n. 呕吐 n.腹泻 n.心率失
• drug names:
dihydrochlorothiazide [dai’haidrəu,klɔrə’θaiəzaid]
氢氯噻嗪
propranolol [prəu’prænəlɔl]
普萘洛尔
nifedipine [nai’fedipi:n]
Lecturer :Caimei Zheng Dep. of Pharmacy
content:
➢Section 1 antihypertensive drugs ➢Section 2 drugs used in congestive heart failure ➢Section 3 antianginal drugs
C. propranolol D. losartan E. captopril
1. withdrawl reaction ( C) 2. hypokalemia ( A) 3. cough (E) 4. ankle edema (B) 5. similar to the action of ACEI ,but do not
produce cough(D)
Section 2 Drugs Used in Congestive Heart Failure
congestive heart failure
digoxin
gastrointestinal tract reaction:
nausea vomiting diarrhea
❖ cardiovascular[,kɑ:diəu’væskjulə] adj.心血管的 ❖ hypertensive [’ænti,hɑipə’tensiv] adj. 高血压的
❖ congestive [kən’dʒestiv]
adj.充血的
❖ anginal [æn’dʒainəl]
adj.心绞痛的
常
n.低钾血 n.水肿 n. 呕吐 n.腹泻 n.心率失
• drug names:
dihydrochlorothiazide [dai’haidrəu,klɔrə’θaiəzaid]
氢氯噻嗪
propranolol [prəu’prænəlɔl]
普萘洛尔
nifedipine [nai’fedipi:n]
Lecturer :Caimei Zheng Dep. of Pharmacy
content:
➢Section 1 antihypertensive drugs ➢Section 2 drugs used in congestive heart failure ➢Section 3 antianginal drugs
C. propranolol D. losartan E. captopril
1. withdrawl reaction ( C) 2. hypokalemia ( A) 3. cough (E) 4. ankle edema (B) 5. similar to the action of ACEI ,but do not
【医学英文精品课件】心血管疾病流行病学 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD)
CVD made up 16.7 million of global deaths in 2002, among which 7 million due to coronary heart disease, 6 million due to stroke
Distribution of types of CVD in global deaths : Global cardiovascular deaths in 2002: 16.7 million among which: coronary heart disease 7.2 million
2., Analytic epidemiology
= Analyzing relationships between CVD and risk factors (which elevate the probability of a disease at population level), risk model and multicausal developments
Descriptive Epidemiology II. AGE
Question: What is the relative amount of CVD in death rates in different age groups?
- Early lesions of blood vessel, atherosclerotic plaques: around 20 years - adult lifestyle patterns usually start in childhood and youth (smoking, dietary habits, sporting behavior, etc.)
Distribution of types of CVD in global deaths : Global cardiovascular deaths in 2002: 16.7 million among which: coronary heart disease 7.2 million
2., Analytic epidemiology
= Analyzing relationships between CVD and risk factors (which elevate the probability of a disease at population level), risk model and multicausal developments
Descriptive Epidemiology II. AGE
Question: What is the relative amount of CVD in death rates in different age groups?
- Early lesions of blood vessel, atherosclerotic plaques: around 20 years - adult lifestyle patterns usually start in childhood and youth (smoking, dietary habits, sporting behavior, etc.)
【医学PPT课件】心脏与血液循环Cardiovascular system
有氧運動
有氧運動特徵：
- 全身大肌肉進行 - 有規律、速度穩定 (強度中等) - 長時間 (30分鐘以上)
A
B
有氧運動例子
長跑
游泳
步行
跳繩
運動時間
30分鐘或以上的持續有氧運動 (Aerobic Exercise)。
運動強度
反映運動強度的指標：
心跳 個人感覺 呼吸
Count the Maximum Heart Rate 計算最高心跳率
3.
每 餐 應 以 五 穀 類 食 物 為 主 ，多 吃 蔬 菜 、 水 果 。
3. Eat less salt, oil, sweet or preserved food.
4.
減少進食含高鹽份、高脂肪、經醃製或含高糖份的食
物 。(e.g. : junk food 零食)
4. Drink 6-8 glasses of liquid.
Good Health
Welcome!
Food Pyramid 食物金字塔
健康飲食原則
1. We have to eat different kinds of food, do not be choosy about food.
2.
食物的選擇要多元化，避免偏食 。
2. Eat cereals and grains most, eat more vegetables and fruit.
每日只要相等於消耗 150卡路里熱量，已 足以令身體獲益
簡 單 來 說，令 人 心 跳 加 速 加強、流 汗 或 呼 吸 加 重 的 運 動，都 可 視 作 程 度中等或適量的運動
活動30分鐘所耗的卡路里
游泳 騎腳踏車 行樓梯 打掃 快步走 跳繩 跳舞
有氧運動特徵：
- 全身大肌肉進行 - 有規律、速度穩定 (強度中等) - 長時間 (30分鐘以上)
A
B
有氧運動例子
長跑
游泳
步行
跳繩
運動時間
30分鐘或以上的持續有氧運動 (Aerobic Exercise)。
運動強度
反映運動強度的指標：
心跳 個人感覺 呼吸
Count the Maximum Heart Rate 計算最高心跳率
3.
每 餐 應 以 五 穀 類 食 物 為 主 ，多 吃 蔬 菜 、 水 果 。
3. Eat less salt, oil, sweet or preserved food.
4.
減少進食含高鹽份、高脂肪、經醃製或含高糖份的食
物 。(e.g. : junk food 零食)
4. Drink 6-8 glasses of liquid.
Good Health
Welcome!
Food Pyramid 食物金字塔
健康飲食原則
1. We have to eat different kinds of food, do not be choosy about food.
2.
食物的選擇要多元化，避免偏食 。
2. Eat cereals and grains most, eat more vegetables and fruit.
每日只要相等於消耗 150卡路里熱量，已 足以令身體獲益
簡 單 來 說，令 人 心 跳 加 速 加強、流 汗 或 呼 吸 加 重 的 運 動，都 可 視 作 程 度中等或適量的運動
活動30分鐘所耗的卡路里
游泳 騎腳踏車 行樓梯 打掃 快步走 跳繩 跳舞
Cardiovascular Pathology心血管病理PPT (精品)
Molecular Pathology
Heart Index---Normal Heart
Heart rate Heart rhythm
Heart Size
Heart rate vs. body size? 75 vs 600
Wall thickness Heart weight Chamber volume
Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle
Striated Muscle
Sarcomere Costamere Myosin Z-disc Titin Nebulin
Cardiomyocyte
Mouse adult cardiomyocytes
Sarcomeres
Heart Diseases
McNally EM, et al. J Clin Invest, 2013
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Dilated
Autosomal Dominant > 50 genes
LDB3
McNally EM, et al. J Clin Invest, 2013
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Myosin Myosin binding Protein C 75%
Maron BJ, et al. JACC, 2012
Genetic Testing and Heart Disease
Ho Carolyn Y. Circulation, 2012
How to do basic cardiac research?
Cypher/ZASP/LDB3
Huang C et al. J Biol Chem, 2003
Heart Index---Normal Heart
Heart rate Heart rhythm
Heart Size
Heart rate vs. body size? 75 vs 600
Wall thickness Heart weight Chamber volume
Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle
Striated Muscle
Sarcomere Costamere Myosin Z-disc Titin Nebulin
Cardiomyocyte
Mouse adult cardiomyocytes
Sarcomeres
Heart Diseases
McNally EM, et al. J Clin Invest, 2013
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Dilated
Autosomal Dominant > 50 genes
LDB3
McNally EM, et al. J Clin Invest, 2013
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Myosin Myosin binding Protein C 75%
Maron BJ, et al. JACC, 2012
Genetic Testing and Heart Disease
Ho Carolyn Y. Circulation, 2012
How to do basic cardiac research?
Cypher/ZASP/LDB3
Huang C et al. J Biol Chem, 2003
英文医学课件：8 心血管系统概述心肌细胞电活动点活动
specialized conductive system • Excitation-contraction coupling • Muscle contraction
Transmembrane potentials recorded in different heart regions
Transmembrane potential of ventricular cells and its ionic mechanisms
The sinoatrial node is the heart’s pacemaker because it initiates each wave of excitation with atrial contraction.
The Bundle of His and other parts of the conducting system deliver the excitation to the apex of the heart so that ventricular contraction occurs in an upward sweep.
Duration of current Activation kinetics Inactivation kinetics Threshold cAMP/cGMP-regulated Phosphorylation-regulated Openers Blockers
Inactivation by [Ca2+]i Patch-clamp recording
The electrocardiogram (ECG) measures changes in skin electrical voltage/potential caused by electrical currents generated by the heart
Transmembrane potentials recorded in different heart regions
Transmembrane potential of ventricular cells and its ionic mechanisms
The sinoatrial node is the heart’s pacemaker because it initiates each wave of excitation with atrial contraction.
The Bundle of His and other parts of the conducting system deliver the excitation to the apex of the heart so that ventricular contraction occurs in an upward sweep.
Duration of current Activation kinetics Inactivation kinetics Threshold cAMP/cGMP-regulated Phosphorylation-regulated Openers Blockers
Inactivation by [Ca2+]i Patch-clamp recording
The electrocardiogram (ECG) measures changes in skin electrical voltage/potential caused by electrical currents generated by the heart
【精品PPT】Cardiovascular Main心血管 87-92
A.Coronary vasodilation B.Decreased left ventricular contractility C.Decreased left ventricular wall stress D.Dilation of small arteries E.Negative chronotropic effect
Cardiovascular Main.87-92
【精品PPT】Cardiovascular Main心血管 87ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้92
Q 41
A 43-year-old man comes to the office due to frequent epigastric burning not relieved by antacids for the past 4 months. The sensation is typically brought on by heavy lifting at work and takes 10-15 minutes to go away. The patient has had no associated arm or neck pain, cough，shortness of breath, or difficulty swallowing. His medical history is significant for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed 5 years ago, for which he takes low-dose prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. He is a lifetime nonsmoker. A year ago, the patient's wife was diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease that required treatment with antibiotics. On physical examination, blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and pulse is 80/min and regular. Breath sounds are equal on both sides. Mo wheezes or crackles are heard. First and second heart sounds are present. No heart murmurs or rubs are noted. The abdomen is soft and nontender to deep palpation. There is no skin rash or peripheral edema. EGG is normal. Which of the following is the best next step in management of this patient?
Cardiovascular Main.87-92
【精品PPT】Cardiovascular Main心血管 87ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้92
Q 41
A 43-year-old man comes to the office due to frequent epigastric burning not relieved by antacids for the past 4 months. The sensation is typically brought on by heavy lifting at work and takes 10-15 minutes to go away. The patient has had no associated arm or neck pain, cough，shortness of breath, or difficulty swallowing. His medical history is significant for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed 5 years ago, for which he takes low-dose prednisone and hydroxychloroquine. He is a lifetime nonsmoker. A year ago, the patient's wife was diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease that required treatment with antibiotics. On physical examination, blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and pulse is 80/min and regular. Breath sounds are equal on both sides. Mo wheezes or crackles are heard. First and second heart sounds are present. No heart murmurs or rubs are noted. The abdomen is soft and nontender to deep palpation. There is no skin rash or peripheral edema. EGG is normal. Which of the following is the best next step in management of this patient?
药理双语心血管系统药中专.2021优秀PPT文档
produce cough(D)
Section 2 Drugs Used in Congestive Heart Failure
congestive heart failure
digoxin
gastrointestinal tract reaction:
nausea vomiting diarrhea
ACEI
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: captopril angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers : losartan
Diuretics: They are the drugs of choice in the treatment of primary hypertension.
硝酸甘油
Chapter 6 Drugs that Affect the Cardiovascular System
Lecturer :Caimei Zheng Dep. of Pharmacy
content:
➢Section 1 antihypertensive drugs ➢Section 2 drugs used in congestive heart failure ➢Section 3 antianginal drugs
Section 1 Antihypertensive Drugs
hypotensive drugs
first-line antihypertensive drugs
1.diuretics : dihydrochlorothiazide
2.β- blockers : propranolol
3.calcium channel blockers : nifedipine 4. RAAS inhibitors
Section 2 Drugs Used in Congestive Heart Failure
congestive heart failure
digoxin
gastrointestinal tract reaction:
nausea vomiting diarrhea
ACEI
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: captopril angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers : losartan
Diuretics: They are the drugs of choice in the treatment of primary hypertension.
硝酸甘油
Chapter 6 Drugs that Affect the Cardiovascular System
Lecturer :Caimei Zheng Dep. of Pharmacy
content:
➢Section 1 antihypertensive drugs ➢Section 2 drugs used in congestive heart failure ➢Section 3 antianginal drugs
Section 1 Antihypertensive Drugs
hypotensive drugs
first-line antihypertensive drugs
1.diuretics : dihydrochlorothiazide
2.β- blockers : propranolol
3.calcium channel blockers : nifedipine 4. RAAS inhibitors
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Rapid but regular contractions of atria or ventricles
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
fibrillation 纤维颤动 xian wei chan dong Rapid, random, ineffectual and irregular contractions of the heart(350 beats or more per minute) Congenital heart disease先天性心脏病xian tian xing xin zang bing Abnormalities in the heart at birth
Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄zhu dong mai suo zhai
Narrowing of the aorta
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭dong mai dao guan wei bi A small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remain open Septal defects 间隔缺损jian ge que sun Small holes in the septa between the atria or the ventricles
舒张 shu zhang
endocardium
心内膜 xin nei mo
Mitral valve
二尖瓣 er jian ban
murmur
杂音 za yin
myocardium
心肌 xin ji
pacemaker
起搏点 qi bo dian
pericardium
心包 xin bao
Pulmonary artery 肺动脉 fei dong mai
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Hypertensive heart disease 高血压性心脏病gaoxueya xing xinzangbing High blood pressure affecting the heart
Abnormal heart rhythms
Heart block 心传导阻滞xin chuang dao zu zhi Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle flutter 心扑 xin pu
肺动脉瓣 fei dong mai ban 肺静脉 fei jing mai 脉搏 mai bo 间隔 jian ge 窦房结 dou fang jie 血压计 xue ya ji 体循环 ti xun huan 收缩 shou suo 三尖瓣 san jian ban
Cardiovascular System
Coronary artery disease 冠心病 guan xin bing Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart Cause: atherosclerosis 动脉(dongmai)粥(zhou)样(yang)硬化 (yinghua)
endocarditis 心内膜炎 xin nei mo yan Inflamation[炎症(yanzheng)] of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria[细菌(xijun)]
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Congestive heart failure 充血性心衰chong xue xing xin shuai
The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛氏四联症fa luo shi si lian zheng
1.Pulmonary artery stenosis 2.ventricular septal defect 3.Shift of the aorta to the right 4.hypertrophy of the right venticle
atrium
心房 xin fang
capillary
毛细血管 mao xi xue guan
Coronary arteries
冠状动脉 guan zhuang dong mai
Deoxygenated blood 低氧血 di yang xue
Cardiovascular System
diastole
Cu dong mai
arteriole
小动脉 xiao dong mai
artery
动脉 dong mai
Atrioventricular bundle 房室束 fang shi shu
Atrioventricular node 房实结 fang shi jie
Vena cava ventricle venule
腔静脉 qiang jing mai 心室 xin shi 小静脉 xiao jing mai
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
arrhythmias 心律失常xin lv shi chang
Pulmonary circulation 肺循环 fei xun huan
Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary valve Pulmonary vein pulse septum Sinoatrial node sphygmomanometer Systemic circulation systole Tricuspid valve
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
fibrillation 纤维颤动 xian wei chan dong Rapid, random, ineffectual and irregular contractions of the heart(350 beats or more per minute) Congenital heart disease先天性心脏病xian tian xing xin zang bing Abnormalities in the heart at birth
Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄zhu dong mai suo zhai
Narrowing of the aorta
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭dong mai dao guan wei bi A small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remain open Septal defects 间隔缺损jian ge que sun Small holes in the septa between the atria or the ventricles
舒张 shu zhang
endocardium
心内膜 xin nei mo
Mitral valve
二尖瓣 er jian ban
murmur
杂音 za yin
myocardium
心肌 xin ji
pacemaker
起搏点 qi bo dian
pericardium
心包 xin bao
Pulmonary artery 肺动脉 fei dong mai
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Hypertensive heart disease 高血压性心脏病gaoxueya xing xinzangbing High blood pressure affecting the heart
Abnormal heart rhythms
Heart block 心传导阻滞xin chuang dao zu zhi Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle flutter 心扑 xin pu
肺动脉瓣 fei dong mai ban 肺静脉 fei jing mai 脉搏 mai bo 间隔 jian ge 窦房结 dou fang jie 血压计 xue ya ji 体循环 ti xun huan 收缩 shou suo 三尖瓣 san jian ban
Cardiovascular System
Coronary artery disease 冠心病 guan xin bing Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart Cause: atherosclerosis 动脉(dongmai)粥(zhou)样(yang)硬化 (yinghua)
endocarditis 心内膜炎 xin nei mo yan Inflamation[炎症(yanzheng)] of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria[细菌(xijun)]
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Congestive heart failure 充血性心衰chong xue xing xin shuai
The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛氏四联症fa luo shi si lian zheng
1.Pulmonary artery stenosis 2.ventricular septal defect 3.Shift of the aorta to the right 4.hypertrophy of the right venticle
atrium
心房 xin fang
capillary
毛细血管 mao xi xue guan
Coronary arteries
冠状动脉 guan zhuang dong mai
Deoxygenated blood 低氧血 di yang xue
Cardiovascular System
diastole
Cu dong mai
arteriole
小动脉 xiao dong mai
artery
动脉 dong mai
Atrioventricular bundle 房室束 fang shi shu
Atrioventricular node 房实结 fang shi jie
Vena cava ventricle venule
腔静脉 qiang jing mai 心室 xin shi 小静脉 xiao jing mai
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
arrhythmias 心律失常xin lv shi chang
Pulmonary circulation 肺循环 fei xun huan
Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary valve Pulmonary vein pulse septum Sinoatrial node sphygmomanometer Systemic circulation systole Tricuspid valve